OpenSceneGraph 場(chǎng)景節(jié)點(diǎn)
一、OSG場(chǎng)景節(jié)點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)介及組合模式介紹
OSG中的場(chǎng)景是樹形結(jié)構(gòu)表示的層次結(jié)構(gòu),如下圖所示:
Figure 1.1 OpenSceneGraph場(chǎng)景樹形層次結(jié)構(gòu)
根據(jù)其源碼中的注釋得知,OSG中場(chǎng)景節(jié)點(diǎn)的管理采用了組合(Composite)模式。先簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下組合模式,其類圖為:
Figure 1.2 Composite Pattern's Structure
使用組合模式的目的是為了將對(duì)象合成樹形結(jié)構(gòu)以表示“部分—整體”的層次結(jié)構(gòu)。Composite使得用戶對(duì)單個(gè)對(duì)象和組合的使用具有一致性。組合模式通常用于以下情況:
l 你想表示對(duì)象的部分—整體層次結(jié)構(gòu);
l 你希望用戶忽略組合對(duì)象與單個(gè)對(duì)象的不同,用戶將統(tǒng)一地使用組合結(jié)構(gòu)中的所有對(duì)象;
為了達(dá)到葉子節(jié)點(diǎn)與組合節(jié)點(diǎn)的一致性,也可以給葉子節(jié)點(diǎn)定義與組合節(jié)點(diǎn)一樣的操作,但是這些操作什么也不做,與引入Null Object模式類似,這里引入Null Operation。
組合模式中主要的參與者有三個(gè):
l Component
n Declares the interface for objects in the composition;
n Implements default behavior for the interface common to all classes, as appropriate;
n Declares and interface for accessing and managing its child components;
n (optional)Defines an interface for accessing a component's parent in the recursive structure and implements it if that's appropriate;
l Leaf
n Represents leaf objects in the composition. A leaf has no children;
n Defines behavior for primitive objects in the composition;
l Composite
n Defines behavior for components having children;
n Stores child components;
l Client
n Manipulates objects in the composition through the Component interface.
二、OSG中組合Composite模式的應(yīng)用
根據(jù)OSG的文檔得到其場(chǎng)景節(jié)點(diǎn)的類圖,如下圖所示:
Figure 1.3 Inheritance Diagram for osg::Node
結(jié)合紅星標(biāo)示出的三個(gè)類:osg::Node、osg::Geode、osg::Group來(lái)講述組合模式的具體應(yīng)用。以下為聲明類osg::Node時(shí)給出的注釋:
/** Base class for all internal nodes in the scene graph.
Provides interface for most common node operations (Composite Pattern).
*/
即osg::Node類為所有場(chǎng)景圖形的基類,為大多數(shù)能用節(jié)點(diǎn)操作提供接口,采用提組合模式。
以下為聲明類osg::Geode時(shí)給出的注釋:
/** A \c Geode is a "geometry node", that is, a leaf node on the scene graph
* that can have "renderable things" attached to it. In OSG, renderable things
* are represented by objects from the \c Drawable class, so a \c Geode is a
* \c Node whose purpose is grouping <tt>Drawable</tt>s.
*/
即osg::Geode類是一個(gè)幾何節(jié)點(diǎn),即場(chǎng)景節(jié)點(diǎn)中的一個(gè)葉子節(jié)點(diǎn),可以把可渲染的東西綁定在它上面。在OSG中,可渲染的東西表示為由類Drawable生成的對(duì)象。所以,一個(gè)Geode目的就是使Drawable成組。具體實(shí)現(xiàn)的程序代碼為:
typedef std::vector< ref_ptr<Drawable> > DrawableList;
保護(hù)成員變量:
DrawableList _drawables;
以下為聲明類osg::Group時(shí)給出的注釋:
/** General group node which maintains a list of children.
* Children are reference counted. This allows children to be shared
* with memory management handled automatically via osg::Referenced.
*/
即osg::Group節(jié)點(diǎn)維護(hù)一個(gè)孩子表,孩子是引用計(jì)數(shù)的。這樣就可以由內(nèi)存管理機(jī)制來(lái)管理這些孩子。具體實(shí)現(xiàn)的程序代碼為:
typedef std::vector< ref_ptr<Node> > NodeList;
保護(hù)成員變量:
NodeList _children;
綜上所述,得出它們的類圖:
Figure 1.4 OSG Node Class Diagram
由類圖可知,這個(gè)類圖與圖1.2所示的組合模式的類圖相似。其中,類osg::Node可以看成是Component類,為所有的場(chǎng)景節(jié)點(diǎn)的通用操作聲明接口;osg::Geode類可看作Leaf類,是一個(gè)具體的可渲染的場(chǎng)景節(jié)點(diǎn);osg::Group類可看作Composite類,它可以包含葉節(jié)點(diǎn)或其它節(jié)點(diǎn)。
三、程序示例
編程實(shí)現(xiàn)由多個(gè)模型來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)場(chǎng)景,為了簡(jiǎn)便起見,模型由文件得到。場(chǎng)景的樹形層次結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖所示:
Figure 1.5 Add More Models to Scene Graph
程序代碼如下:
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) 2012 eryar All Rights Reserved.
//
// File : Main.cpp
// Author : eryar@163.com
// Date : 2012-1-3 20:58
// Version : 1.0v
//
// Description : Add more models to the Secne.
//
//==========================================================================
#include <osg/Node>
#include <osgDB/ReadFile>
#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <osgViewer/ViewerEventHandlers>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
osgViewer::Viewer viewer;
osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> root = new osg::Group;
osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> group = new osg::Group;
root->addChild(osgDB::readNodeFile("glider.osg"));
group->addChild(osgDB::readNodeFile("osgcool.osgt"));
group->addChild(osgDB::readNodeFile("axes.osgt"));
root->addChild(group);
viewer.setSceneData(root);
viewer.realize();
viewer.addEventHandler(new osgViewer::WindowSizeHandler);
viewer.addEventHandler(new osgViewer::StatsHandler);
return viewer.run();
}
程序效果圖如下圖所示:
Figure 1.6 Render OSG Node