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高級紋理映射技術（7）

紋理坐標變換

Direct3D提供了對生成的紋理坐標進行坐標變換的功能，與頂點坐標變換相類似，可以指定一個4x4的紋理坐標變換矩陣，把它與生成的紋理坐標相乘，然后將變換之后的紋理坐標輸出至Direct3D渲染流水線。使用紋理坐標變換可以對紋理坐標進行諸如平移、旋轉和縮放等三維變換。紋理坐標變換對于生成一些特殊效果是非常有用的，它不用直接修改頂點的紋理坐標。例如可以通過一個簡單的平移矩陣對紋理坐標進行變換，從而使物體表面上的紋理不斷變換位置，產生動畫效果。紋理坐標自動生成在三維圖形程序中最廣泛的應用是環境映射。

可通過函數IDirect3DDevice9::SetTransform()來設置4x4的紋理坐標變換矩陣，它以D3DTS_TEXTURE0~ D3DTS_TEXTURE7作為第一個參數，表示設置紋理層0~7的紋理矩陣。下列代碼對紋理層0設置了一個將紋理坐標u、v縮小到原來一半的紋理矩陣：

D3DXMATRIX mat;
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mat);
mat._11 = 0.5f;
mat._22 = 0.5f;
pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_TEXTURE0, &mat);

下面的代碼將原來的紋理坐標平移（1.0, 1.0, 0）個單位。

D3DXMATRIX mat;
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mat);
mat._41 = 1.0f;
mat._42 = 1.0f;
mat._43 = 0.0f;
pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_TEXTURE0, &mat);

示例程序通過下列代碼對自動生成的紋理坐標進行變換：

// texture coordinate transform

D3DXMATRIX mat_texture, mat_scale, mat_trans;

D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mat_texture);
D3DXMatrixScaling(&mat_scale, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f);
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&mat_trans, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);

mat_texture = mat_texture * mat_scale * mat_trans;
pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_TEXTURE0, &mat_texture);

運行效果圖：

主程序：

#include "dxstdafx.h"
#include "resource.h"

#pragma warning(disable : 4127 4995 4996)

#define release_com(p)    do { if(p) { (p)->Release(); (p) = NULL; } } while(0)

#define IDC_TOGGLE_FULLSCREEN        1
#define IDC_TOGGLE_REF                2
#define IDC_CHANGE_DEVICE            3

struct sCustomVertex
{
    float x, y, z;
    D3DCOLOR color;
};

#define D3DFVF_CUSTOM_VERTEX    (D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)

const D3DXCOLOR FONT_COLOR(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.25f, 1.0f);

CDXUTDialogResourceManager    g_dlg_resource_manager;
CD3DSettingsDlg                g_settings_dlg;
CDXUTDialog                    g_button_dlg;

IDirect3DVertexBuffer9*        g_vertex_buffer;
IDirect3DTexture9*            g_texture;

ID3DXFont*        g_font;
ID3DXSprite*    g_text_sprite;
bool            g_show_help;

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Rejects any devices that aren't acceptable by returning false
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool CALLBACK IsDeviceAcceptable( D3DCAPS9* pCaps, D3DFORMAT AdapterFormat,
                                  D3DFORMAT BackBufferFormat, bool bWindowed, void* pUserContext )
{
    // Typically want to skip backbuffer formats that don't support alpha blending

    IDirect3D9* pD3D = DXUTGetD3DObject();

    if( FAILED( pD3D->CheckDeviceFormat( pCaps->AdapterOrdinal, pCaps->DeviceType, AdapterFormat,
                    D3DUSAGE_QUERY_POSTPIXELSHADER_BLENDING, D3DRTYPE_TEXTURE, BackBufferFormat ) ) )
        return false;

    return true;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Before a device is created, modify the device settings as needed.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool CALLBACK ModifyDeviceSettings( DXUTDeviceSettings* pDeviceSettings, const D3DCAPS9* pCaps, void* pUserContext )
{
    // If video card does not support hardware vertex processing, then uses sofaware vertex processing.
    if((pCaps->DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT) == 0)
        pDeviceSettings->BehaviorFlags = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;

    static bool is_first_time = true;

    if(is_first_time)
    {
        is_first_time = false;

        // if using reference device, then pop a warning message box.
        if(pDeviceSettings->DeviceType == D3DDEVTYPE_REF)
            DXUTDisplaySwitchingToREFWarning();
    }

    return true;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create any D3DPOOL_MANAGED resources here
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CALLBACK OnCreateDevice( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice,
                                 const D3DSURFACE_DESC* pBackBufferSurfaceDesc,
                                 void* pUserContext )
{
    HRESULT    hr;

    V_RETURN(g_dlg_resource_manager.OnCreateDevice(pd3dDevice));
    V_RETURN(g_settings_dlg.OnCreateDevice(pd3dDevice));

    D3DXCreateFont(pd3dDevice, 18, 0, FW_BOLD, 1, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
                   DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_DONTCARE, L"Arial", &g_font);

    V_RETURN(D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(pd3dDevice, L"texture.jpg", &g_texture));

    // create vertex buffer and fill data

    sCustomVertex vertices[] =
    {
        { -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0xFFFFFFFF},
        { -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0xFFFFFFFF},
        {  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0xFFFFFFFF},
        {  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0xFFFFFFFF}
    };

    pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(vertices), 0, D3DFVF_CUSTOM_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &g_vertex_buffer, NULL);

    void* ptr;
    g_vertex_buffer->Lock(0, sizeof(vertices), (void**)&ptr, 0);
    memcpy(ptr, vertices, sizeof(vertices));
    g_vertex_buffer->Unlock();

    return S_OK;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create any D3DPOOL_DEFAULT resources here
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CALLBACK OnResetDevice( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice,
                                const D3DSURFACE_DESC* pBackBufferSurfaceDesc,
                                void* pUserContext )
{
    HRESULT hr;

    V_RETURN(g_dlg_resource_manager.OnResetDevice());
    V_RETURN(g_settings_dlg.OnResetDevice());
    V_RETURN(g_font->OnResetDevice());
    V_RETURN(D3DXCreateSprite(pd3dDevice, &g_text_sprite));

    // set dialog position and size

    g_button_dlg.SetLocation(pBackBufferSurfaceDesc->Width - 170, 0);
    g_button_dlg.SetSize(170, 170);

    // setup world matrix
    D3DXMATRIX mat_world;
    D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mat_world);
    pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &mat_world);

    // setup view matrix

    D3DXMATRIX mat_view;
    D3DXVECTOR3 eye(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f);
    D3DXVECTOR3  at(0.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f);
    D3DXVECTOR3  up(0.0f, 1.0f,  0.0f);

    D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&mat_view, &eye, &at, &up);
    pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &mat_view);

    // set projection matrix
    D3DXMATRIX mat_proj;
    float aspect = (float)pBackBufferSurfaceDesc->Width / pBackBufferSurfaceDesc->Height;
    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&mat_proj, D3DX_PI/4, aspect, 1.0f, 100.0f);
    pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &mat_proj);

    pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE);

    // set texture color blend method, disalbe alpha blend.

    pd3dDevice->SetTexture(0, g_texture);
    pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1,        D3DTA_TEXTURE);
    pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2,        D3DTA_DIFFUSE);
    pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLOROP,            D3DTOP_MODULATE);
    pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_ALPHAOP,            D3DTOP_DISABLE);

    // create texture coordinate using vertex position in camera space
    pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_TEXCOORDINDEX,            D3DTSS_TCI_CAMERASPACEPOSITION);
    pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_TEXTURETRANSFORMFLAGS,    D3DTTFF_COUNT2);

    // texture coordinate transform

    D3DXMATRIX mat_texture, mat_scale, mat_trans;

    D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mat_texture);
    D3DXMatrixScaling(&mat_scale, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f);
    D3DXMatrixTranslation(&mat_trans, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);

    mat_texture = mat_texture * mat_scale * mat_trans;
    pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_TEXTURE0, &mat_texture);

    return S_OK;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release resources created in the OnResetDevice callback here
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnLostDevice( void* pUserContext )
{
    g_dlg_resource_manager.OnLostDevice();
    g_settings_dlg.OnLostDevice();
    g_font->OnLostDevice();

    release_com(g_text_sprite);
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release resources created in the OnCreateDevice callback here
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnDestroyDevice( void* pUserContext )
{
    g_dlg_resource_manager.OnDestroyDevice();
    g_settings_dlg.OnDestroyDevice();

    release_com(g_font);
    release_com(g_vertex_buffer);
    release_com(g_texture);
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Handle updates to the scene
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnFrameMove( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, double fTime, float fElapsedTime, void* pUserContext )
{
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render the helper information
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void RenderText()
{
    CDXUTTextHelper text_helper(g_font, g_text_sprite, 20);

    text_helper.Begin();

    // show frame and device states
    text_helper.SetInsertionPos(5, 5);
    text_helper.SetForegroundColor(FONT_COLOR);
    text_helper.DrawTextLine( DXUTGetFrameStats(true) );
    text_helper.DrawTextLine( DXUTGetDeviceStats() );

    // show other simple information
    //text_helper.SetForegroundColor( D3DXCOLOR(0.2f, 0.5f, 0.8f, 1.0f) );
    //text_helper.DrawTextLine(L"Texture Coordinate Transform");

    // show helper information

    const D3DSURFACE_DESC* surface_desc = DXUTGetBackBufferSurfaceDesc();

    if(g_show_help)
    {
        text_helper.SetInsertionPos(10, surface_desc->Height - 18 * 5);
        text_helper.SetForegroundColor(FONT_COLOR);
        text_helper.DrawTextLine(L"Controls (F1 to hide):");

        text_helper.SetInsertionPos(40, surface_desc->Height - 18 * 4);
        text_helper.DrawTextLine(L"Quit: ESC");
    }
    else
    {
        text_helper.SetInsertionPos(10, surface_desc->Height - 15 * 4);
        text_helper.SetForegroundColor( D3DXCOLOR(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) );
        text_helper.DrawTextLine(L"Press F1 for help");
    }

    text_helper.End();
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render the scene
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnFrameRender( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, double fTime, float fElapsedTime, void* pUserContext )
{
    HRESULT hr;

    if(g_settings_dlg.IsActive())
    {
        g_settings_dlg.OnRender(fElapsedTime);
        return;
    }

    // Clear the render target and the zbuffer
    V( pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_ARGB(0, 0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0) );

    // Render the scene
    if( SUCCEEDED( pd3dDevice->BeginScene() ) )
    {
        pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource(0, g_vertex_buffer, 0, sizeof(sCustomVertex));
        pd3dDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_CUSTOM_VERTEX);
        pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2);

        RenderText();

        V(g_button_dlg.OnRender(fElapsedTime));

        V( pd3dDevice->EndScene() );
    }
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Handle messages to the application
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam,
                          bool* pbNoFurtherProcessing, void* pUserContext )
{
    *pbNoFurtherProcessing = g_dlg_resource_manager.MsgProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    if(*pbNoFurtherProcessing)
        return 0;

    if(g_settings_dlg.IsActive())
    {
        g_settings_dlg.MsgProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
        return 0;
    }

    *pbNoFurtherProcessing = g_button_dlg.MsgProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    if(*pbNoFurtherProcessing)
        return 0;

    return 0;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Handle keybaord event
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnKeyboardProc(UINT charater, bool is_key_down, bool is_alt_down, void* user_context)
{
    if(is_key_down)
    {
        switch(charater)
        {
        case VK_F1:
            g_show_help = !g_show_help;
            break;
        }
    }
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Handle events for controls
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnGUIEvent(UINT event, int control_id, CDXUTControl* control, void* user_context)
{
    switch(control_id)
    {
    case IDC_TOGGLE_FULLSCREEN:
        DXUTToggleFullScreen();
        break;

    case IDC_TOGGLE_REF:
        DXUTToggleREF();
        break;

    case IDC_CHANGE_DEVICE:
        g_settings_dlg.SetActive(true);
        break;
    }
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize dialogs
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void InitDialogs()
{
    g_settings_dlg.Init(&g_dlg_resource_manager);
    g_button_dlg.Init(&g_dlg_resource_manager);

    g_button_dlg.SetCallback(OnGUIEvent);

    int x = 35, y = 10, width = 125, height = 22;

    g_button_dlg.AddButton(IDC_TOGGLE_FULLSCREEN, L"Toggle full screen", x, y,         width, height);
    g_button_dlg.AddButton(IDC_TOGGLE_REF,          L"Toggle REF (F3)",     x, y += 24, width, height);
    g_button_dlg.AddButton(IDC_CHANGE_DEVICE,      L"Change device (F2)", x, y += 24, width, height, VK_F2);
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize everything and go into a render loop
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INT WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, int )
{
    // Enable run-time memory check for debug builds.
#if defined(DEBUG) | defined(_DEBUG)
    _CrtSetDbgFlag( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF );
#endif

    // Set the callback functions
    DXUTSetCallbackDeviceCreated( OnCreateDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackDeviceReset( OnResetDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackDeviceLost( OnLostDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackDeviceDestroyed( OnDestroyDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackMsgProc( MsgProc );
    DXUTSetCallbackFrameRender( OnFrameRender );
    DXUTSetCallbackFrameMove( OnFrameMove );
    DXUTSetCallbackKeyboard(OnKeyboardProc);

    // TODO: Perform any application-level initialization here
    InitDialogs();

    // Initialize DXUT and create the desired Win32 window and Direct3D device for the application
    DXUTInit( true, true, true ); // Parse the command line, handle the default hotkeys, and show msgboxes
    DXUTSetCursorSettings( true, true ); // Show the cursor and clip it when in full screen
    DXUTCreateWindow( L"Texture Coordinate Transform" );
    DXUTCreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, true, 640, 480, IsDeviceAcceptable, ModifyDeviceSettings );

    // Start the render loop
    DXUTMainLoop();

    // TODO: Perform any application-level cleanup here

    return DXUTGetExitCode();
}

下載示例工程

posted on 2008-05-20 20:59 lovedday 閱讀(2851) 評論(6) 編輯收藏引用

博主你好.看了你這篇有點想法.想請教您.
開始我也是按照你所講述的自己寫了代碼.后來發現好像沒什么效果.下載了你的代碼.發現您把紋理置轉并放大了...
我想請問您一個問題比如. OGRE 里的動態的云.是不是用這種技術來做的? 回復更多評論

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 04:05 pazxlb

博主您好，關于"紋理坐標變換只對自動生成的紋理坐標起作用，對頂點數據中的紋理坐標不起作用。"（我是初學者，有點疑惑于是又另外找了資料）

感覺有點含糊，不知道您所說的“不起作用”是否是指不修改幾何體紋理坐標？

附：

系統可以從兩個數據源（FVF和D3D自動生成）得到紋理坐標。對于某一層紋理，應用程序可以使用包含在頂點格式（D3DFVF_TEX1到D3DFVF_TEX8）中的紋理坐標，也可以使用Microsoft® Direct3D®自動生成的紋理坐標。如果當前紋理層的D3DTSS_TEXTURETRANSFORMFLAGS紋理層狀態為D3DTTFF_DISABLE（默認值），那么系統不會對輸入的紋理坐標進行變換。如果D3DTSS_TEXTURETRANSFORMFLAGS為任何其它值，那么系統會用該紋理層的變換矩陣對該輸入（包括FVF）紋理坐標進行變換。

Direct3D不改變經過變換和光照處理的頂點，因此，使用經過變換和光照處理的頂點的應用程序無法讓Direct3D變換頂點的紋理坐標。

紋理坐標變換非常有用，它在生成特效的同時避免了對幾何體紋理坐標的直接修改。

摘自:http://www.gesoftfactory.com/developer/Textures.htm 回復更多評論

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 10:19 lovedday

@pazxlb
非常感謝你的糾正，確實D3DTSS_TEXTURETRANSFORMFLAGS對預先指定的紋理坐標也會起作用。

這里給出測試代碼：

if(FAILED(D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(g_device, "texture.jpg", &g_texture)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Create texture failed!", "ERROR", MB_OK);
return false;
}

sCustomVertex vertices[] =
{
{ -3, -3, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},
{ -3, 3, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
{ 3, -3, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},
{ 3, 3, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }

};

g_device->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(vertices), 0, D3DFVF_CUSTOM_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &g_vertex_buffer, NULL);

void* ptr;

g_vertex_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&ptr, 0);
memcpy(ptr, vertices, sizeof(vertices));
g_vertex_buffer->Unlock();

g_device->SetTexture(0, g_texture);

g_device->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_TEXCOORDINDEX, 0);
g_device->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_TEXTURETRANSFORMFLAGS, D3DTTFF_COUNT2);

D3DXMATRIX mat_texture, mat_scale;
D3DXMatrixRotationX(&mat_texture, D3DX_PI);
D3DXMatrixScaling(&mat_scale, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
mat_texture = mat_texture * mat_scale;
g_device->SetTransform(D3DTS_TEXTURE0, &mat_texture);

return true;

以上代碼對原紋理坐標進行180度翻轉，并且將原紋理坐標縮小為原來的一半。回復更多評論

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 10:22 lovedday

@vw
OGRE我還沒接觸過：）回復更多評論

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2009-12-16 17:51 AsEngineDev

D3DXMatrixTranslation(&mat_trans, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); 這句對嗎?
不可以直接調用3維里面的矩陣去操作,2維坐標系

如果,你要操作2D的紋理坐標系,應該轉到3D用建立不是這樣的.

比如說平移矩陣應該是
1 0 0
0 1 0
x y 1
x,y應該為平移矩陣

如果,你平移,對應3維空間里面的矩陣應該為
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
x y 1 0
0 0 0 1
也就是你要操作,請直接用
mat_trans._31 = 0.5f;
mat_trans._32 =0.5f;
同樣的道理去推導,紋理矩陣的旋轉,之類的.

一個紋理空間的點能做哪些操作?
1,紋理空間的平移,因為這個紋理是2維的,所以也就是,在X,Y平面內移動.這樣看,你的Z值也就是無效的.
2,旋轉,這個也是只能在一個平面內旋轉.所以,沒有圍繞X,Y坐標軸旋轉之類的.只能是有Z坐標軸旋轉是有效的.也就是道理.

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# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-21 08:47 pazxlb

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 01:24 vw

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 04:05 pazxlb

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 10:19 lovedday

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 10:22 lovedday

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2009-12-16 17:51 AsEngineDev

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高級紋理映射技術（7）

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青青草原综合久久大伊人导航_色综合久久天天综合_日日噜噜夜夜狠狠久久丁香五月_热久久这里只有精品

天行健 君子當自強而不息

高級紋理映射技術（7）

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# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-21 08:47 pazxlb

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 01:24 vw

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 04:05 pazxlb

# re: 高級紋理映射技術（7） 2008-05-22 10:19 lovedday

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