【翻】虛幻引擎 Unreal engine
很久以前為了練習英語而翻譯的一篇wikipedia.org上的文章,這篇文章對于了解虛幻引擎還是很有幫助的。翻譯得不好,讓大家見笑了,如果覺得讀著蹩腳,那還是讀原文吧^^
Unreal engine 包括對 腳本語言cripting language 的支持,名叫 UnrealScript,它可以用來迅速修改許多游戲的內容而無需鉆研C++內涵。
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Unreal engine在游戲中的應用
為了能加快他們自己游戲的開發,許多其他的公司得到了使用Unreal engine的許可。 這些包括 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen 和 Ion Storm Inc.的 Deus Ex。新版本的引擎正在用來開發PC游戲例如 Running With Scissors, Inc.的 Postal², 3D Realms' Duke Nukem Forever,U.S. Army的America's Army,還有 Ion Storm的Deus Ex: Invisible War 。
Unreal engine 的各個版本都適合 IBM PC (Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux),Apple Macintosh (Mac OS, Mac OS X) 和其他平臺。下面是一個完整的video games發布清單:
Unreal Engine 1
Unreal Engine 1.0
Builds 1-226: 最初的Unreal engine公認的開始于Unreal,雖然Legend Entertainment 和 MicroProse 出現的要早一些。 226f 是Unreal的最終補丁。Unreal engine 的特性沒有出現在當時的其他引擎 ,比如 動態光照(Dynamic Lighting), Detail Textures 等其它一些特性。
發布的游戲:
- Dr. Brain's Thinking Games: Action/Reaction — (1999) Knowledge Adventure
- TNN Outdoors Pro Hunter — (1998) DreamForge Intertainment
- Unreal (uses build 220-226) — (1998) Epic Games
- Unreal Mission Pack 1: Return to Na Pali (uses build 224-226) — (1999) Legend Entertainment
- Virtual Reality Notre Dame — (1999) NASA
Unreal Engine 1.5

Builds 300-436:原有Build的增強版。 The codebase was forked and the v300 并且增加到目前的版本436。主要對渲染器進行了加強, 以能夠徹底地支持Direct3D,最終整合成了Warren Marshall的新引擎UnrealEd 2。另外,這個引擎的PS2和Dreamcast 版本在這一時期首次登臺亮相,還有對 骨骼動畫(keletal animation) 的支持也整合進來了。
發布的游戲:
- Adventure Pinball: Forgotten Island — (2001) Digital Extremes
- Clive Barker's Undying — (2001) Dreamworks Interactive
- Deus Ex — (2000) Ion Storm
- Deus Ex: The Conspiracy — (2002) Ion Storm
- Disney's Brother Bear — (2003) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets — (2002) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
- Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone — (2001) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
- Mobile Forces — (2002) Rage Software
- Nerf Arena Blast — (1999) Visionary Media, Inc.
- New Legends — (2002) Infinite Machine
- Rune — (2000) Human Head Studios
- Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen — (2000) The Collective
- Star Trek: The Next Generation: Klingon Honor Guard — (1998) MicroProse
- Tactical Ops: Assault on Terror — (2002) Kamehan Studios
- The Wheel of Time — (1999) Legend Entertainment
- Twin Caliber — (2003) Rage Software
- Unreal Tournament (uses build 400-436) — (1999) Epic Games
- X-COM: Enforcer — (2001) MicroProse
Unreal Engine 2
Unreal Engine 2.0

Builds 500-2227: 第二代Unreal engine的builds開始于500,第一次得到許可看到他們是在600以后, 隨著America's Army的發布,build 927這個可用的版本才公布。當 Epic 完成了UT2003, build號也跳到了2000+.
重大的技術改進包括對渲染和地圖編輯器的檢驗: 加強 lighting & shading,hardware vertex & pixel shader 的支持, 改進了 texture compression,bump mapping 和 cube mapping, 一個新的 粒子系統(particle system),游戲環境中,smooth skinned geometry 提供了 animated characters 和 complex animated geometry, 面部動畫(facial animation) 提供了(包括 lipsynced animation),支持大比例地圖,BSP網眼(BSP meshes) 和地形的無縫混合, 支持硬件 transform and lighting,重寫了對 PlayStation 2 的支持,以及對 GameCube 和 Xbox的支持,一個新的名叫"Karma"的物理引擎,等等。
這個引擎有時會被錯誤的叫作 "UT2003 engine", "U2 engine", "UT2 engine",或者類似。 Licensees sometimes refer to it as "Unreal Warfare(沖突)", 雖然"Unreal Warfare" 這個詞最初的由來是含混和令人迷惑的。有一點,"Unreal Warfare"是Epic的一個工程的一個代碼名,用來辨別這個自己都不清楚的工程是一個游戲還是一個引擎。Theories vary: 有人認為這僅僅是UT2004的代碼名,其他人則相信它是Gears of War的原有代碼名。盡管Epic 的代表聲稱最終的gametype名字還沒有定下來。有關信息顯示, Epic 將向 UT2007 里加入一個gametype,同時稱作"Unreal Warfare" 和 "Conquest"
引擎的命名計劃為 Unreal Engine N,或者是Unreal engine的N代。
聲名開發的游戲(Announced games)
- San Guo Online — Wayi
- Brothers in Arms : Road to Hill 30(PSP) — Ubisoft
- Brothers in Arms : Earned in Blood(PSP) — Ubisoft
- World War II Combat : Road to Berlin — Direct Action Games
- WWII Combat : Iwo Jima — Direct Action Games
- MagnaCarta Portable(PSP) — Soft Max
發布的游戲:
- Advent Rising — (2005) GlyphX
- America's Army v1.0 ~ v2.3 — (2002) U.S. Army (The MOVES Institute)
- America's Army : Rise of Soldier — (2005) Secret Level
- Brothers In Arms: Earned in Blood — (2005) Gearbox Software
- Brothers In Arms: Road to Hill 30 — (2005) Gearbox Software
- Combat: Task Force 121 — (2005) Direct Action Games
- Dead Man's Hand — (2004) Human Head Studios
- Desert Thunder — (2003) Brainbox Games
- Deus Ex: Invisible War — (2003) Ion Storm
- Devastation — (2003) Digitalo Studios
- Exteel — (2005) NC Soft
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban — (2004) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
- Land of the Dead : Road to Flidder's Green — (2005) Brainbox Games
- Lineage II — (2003) NC Soft
- Magic: The Gathering Battlegrounds — (2003) Atari
- MagnaCarta : Tears of Blood — (2005)
- Marine Heavy Gunner: Vietnam — (2004) Brainbox Games
- Men of Valor — (2004) 2015, Inc.
- Postal² — (2003) Running With Scissors, Inc.
- Sephiroth — Imazic Entertainment
- Shadow Ops: Red Mercury — (2004) Zombie
- Star Wars: Republic Commando — (2005) LucasArts
- SWAT 4 — (2005) Irrational Games
- Thief: Deadly Shadows — (2004) Ion Storm
- Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon 2 (PS2 Version, GC Version) — (2005) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3 (PS2 version, GC Version, Xbox version) — (2003) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3 : Black Arrow (Xbox Only) — (2004) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield — (2003) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell — (2003) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell : Essentials — (2006) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow — (2004) Ubisoft
- Unreal Engine 2 Runtime Edition (uses build 2226-2227) — (2003) Epic Games
- Unreal II: The Awakening (uses build 829-2001) — (2003) Legend Entertainment
- Unreal II EXpanded MultiPlayer (XMP)(uses build 2226) — (2003) Legend Entertainment
- Unreal Tournament 2003 (uses build 2107-2225) — (2002) Digital Extremes
- Unreal Championship (uses build 927-1018) — (2002) Digital Extremes
- XIII — (2003) Ubisoft
Unreal Engine 2.5
Builds 2500-3369: Unreal Engine 2 的加強版本,優化了的渲染代碼。渲染系統提供了對眾多平臺的優化支持,如 DirectX versions 7 / 8,OpenGL,甚至用Pixomatic (licensed separately)進行軟件渲染。雖然2.5 沒有廣泛發揮DirectX 9的特性,但是它確實使用了DirectX 9 API ,從而開始有興致增加DirectX 9.x 圖形特性的歷史。 Unreal Engine 2.5 還展現了新特性,multipass bump-mapping (normal map/bump map/specular map/diffuse map/gloss map/environment map/opacity map/mask map etc), per-pixel lighting 和 per-pixel shading,virtual displacement mapping , high dynamic range rendering , soft shadows 和其它DirectX 9或更高版本(如同OpenGL一樣) 的圖形特性。Unreal Engine 2.5 增加了對64-bit Windows 和 64-bit Linux的支持。還為Xbox 的內存管理系統進行了優化。
聲名開發的游戲:
- America's Army : Special Force Overmatch — US Army
- America's Army : Stryker Overmatch — US Army
- BioShock — Irrational Games
- Duke Nukem Forever — 3D Realms
- Hoopworld — Streamline Studios
- Priston Tale 2 — Emotion
- Ragnarok Online 2 — Gravity Corporation
- Stargate SG-1 : The Alliance — Perception
- The Chronicles of Spellborn — Spellborn International
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double Agent — Ubisoft
- Vanguard: Saga of Heroes — Sigil Games Online
- Vanguard: first expantion pak — Sigil Games Online
- WarPath — Digital Extremes
- Unannounced Games — Irrational Games
發布的游戲:
- America's Army v2.4 ~ v2.9 — (2005) U.S. Army (The MOVES Institute)
- Pariah — (2005) Digital Extremes
- Red Orchestra: Ostfront 41-45 — (2006) Tripwire Interactive
- SWAT 4: The Stetchkov Syndicate — (2006) Irrational Games
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory — (2005) Ubisoft
- Tribes: Vengeance — (2004) Irrational Games
- Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict (uses build 3357-3363) — (2005) Epic Games
- Unreal Tournament 2004 (uses build 3186-3369) — (2004) Epic Games / Digital Extremes
Unreal Engine 3

Unreal Engine 3.0
Builds 3500 或更高: Unreal Engine 3 合并支持DirectX 9 和下一代 APIs ,包括 XNA, DirectX 10 和 OpenGL 2.x。它放棄了 legacy support 來改善性能和獲得在老一代 graphics processors上無法實現的視覺效果。Unreal Engine 3 將要使用NovodeX physics engine, 放棄了自主開發的在Unreal Engine 2.x里使用的“Karma” 物理引擎。 lighting 和shadowing得到了巨大的提升, 使用了實時per-pixel lighting 和 shadowing 技術,例如為人物應用的16x采樣 shadow depth buffers ,令人激動的動態光照的stencil shadow volumes 場景和為靜態光照交互預處理的 shadow-masks。 Unreal Engine 3 還支持shader models 2, 3 和 4。
聲名開發的游戲:
- All Points Bulletin — Real Time Worlds
- America's Army v3.0 — U.S. Army
- America's Army : Real Heroes — (Xbox 360 and PS3) — U.S. Army
- Brothers in Arms 3 — Gearbox Software
- Endless Saga — Webzen Games Inc.
- Elveon — 10Tacle
- Frame City Killer — Namco
- Gears of War — (2006) Epic Games
- Huxley — Webzen Games Inc.
- Indiana Jones — LucasArts
- Lineage III — NC Soft
- Lost Odyssey — Mist Walker / Feel Plus
- Magna Carta 2 — Soft Max
- Marble Comics Online — Sigil Games Online
- Mass Effect — BioWare
- Project IM — (unknown) Zero Point Software
- Project New Jersey — Obsidian Entertainment
- Roboblitz — Naked Sky Entertainment
- Section 8— Timegate Studios
- Stranglehold — (2006) Tiger Hill Entertainment
- Swat 5 — VUG
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell 5 — Ubisoft
- Too Human — Silicon Knights
- New Turok (placeholder title) — Buena Vista Games
- Unreal Tournament 2007 (2006) Epic Games
- Vanguard : second expansion pak — Sigil Games Online
- Unannounced title — 2015
- Unannounced title — Acony
- Unannounced title — Ensemble Studios
- Unannounced title — Hirez Studios
- Unannounced title — Tripwire Interactive
- Unannounced titles — Atari
- Unannounced titles — Buena Vista Games
- Unannounced titles — Cranky Pants Games
- Unannounced titles — Eidos Interactive
- Unannounced titles — Gearbox Software
- Unannounced titles — GlyphX
- Unannounced titles — High Moon Studios
- Unannounced titles — inXile Entertainment
- Unannounced titles — Lucky Chicken Games
- Unannounced titles — Mad Dog
- Unannounced titles — Majesco Games
- Unannounced titles — Microsoft Game Studios
- Unannounced titles — Midway Games
- Unannounced titles — Mind Control Software
- Unannounced titles — Namco
- Unannounced titles — NC Soft
- Unannounced titles — Real Time Worlds
- Unannounced titles — Rocksteady Studios
- Unannounced titles — Sony Computer Entertainment
- Unannounced titles — THQ
- Unannounced titles — Tiger Hill Entertainment
- Unannounced titles — TimeGate Studios
- Unannounced titles — Spark Unlimited
- Unannounced titles — Streamline Studios
- Unannounced titles — Surreal Software
- Unannounced titles — Trilogy
- Unannounced titles — Ubisoft
- Unannounced titles — Vision Studios
- Unannounced titles — Vivendi Universal Games
- Unannounced titles — Webzen
- Unannounced titles — Zombie Studios
Unreal Engine 3.5
Epic正在用UE3.0 制作Gears of War和Unreal Tournament 2007。但是,Epic 還要繼續改進和擴展UE3 ,重寫全部的控制臺循環,所以重大的加強至少要等3年半(盡管UT2007 在4/4 2006發行)。Unreal Engine 3.5 提供DirectX 11/12 和 shader model 5 或者更高的技術支持。
Tim Sweeney 說 : 關于時間表, 我們會始終積極的開發 Unreal Engine 3 ,考慮到當今的這一代硬件——最終得等到 2009.
http://www.beyond3d.com/#news27836
Unreal Engine 4
Mark Rein (Epic Games的副總裁) August 18, 2005 透露公司在過去的兩年里進行了有關Unreal Engine 4 的工作。這個引擎意在the coming generation之后的下一代控制臺,as well as the PC. 到目前為止只有 Tim Sweeney一個人在進行此引擎工作,他是Epic的首席程序員(lead programmer) 。
See also
References
- Note (1): Rein: "We've been working on Unreal Engine 4 for two years". Computer And Video Games. URL accessed on August 19, 2005.
- Note (2): Interview: Mark Rein. Computer And Video Games. URL accessed on September 30, 2005.
External links
- The official Unreal Developer Network documenting the Unreal engine
- Online community Unreal engine documentation
- Unreal Technology
- Unreal Engine 3 Details
posted on 2007-05-21 15:24 hitmaen 閱讀(4085) 評論(0) 編輯 收藏 引用 所屬分類: 引擎技術