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Managed DirectX --- create Device

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// ?File:?CreateDevice.cs

// ?Desc:?This?is?the?first?tutorial?for?using?Direct3D.?In?this?tutorial,?all

// ???????we?are?doing?is?creating?a?Direct3D?device?and?using?it?to?clear?the

// ???????window.

// ?Copyright?(c)?Microsoft?Corporation.?All?rights?reserved.

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

using ?System;

using ?System.Drawing;

using ?System.Windows.Forms;

using ?Microsoft.DirectX;

using ?Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;

namespace ?DeviceTutorial

{

???? public ? class ?CreateDevice?:?Form

???? {

???????? // ?Our?global?variables?for?this?project

????????Device?device? = ? null ;? // ?Our?rendering?device

???????? public ?CreateDevice()

???????? {

???????????? // ?Set?the?initial?size?of?our?form

???????????? this .ClientSize? = ? new ?System.Drawing.Size( 400 , 300 );

???????????? // ?And?it's?caption

???????????? this .Text? = ? " D3D?Tutorial?01:?CreateDevice " ;

????????}

????????

???????? public ? bool ?InitializeGraphics()

???????? {

???????????? try

???????????? {

???????????????? // ?Now?let's?setup?our?D3D?stuff

????????????????PresentParameters?presentParams? = ? new ?PresentParameters();

????????????????presentParams.Windowed = true ;

????????????????presentParams.SwapEffect? = ?SwapEffect.Discard;

????????????????device? = ? new ?Device( 0 ,?DeviceType.Hardware,? this ,?CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing,?presentParams);

???????????????? return ? true ;

????????????}

???????????? catch ?(DirectXException)

???????????? {?

???????????????? return ? false ;?

????????????}

????????}

???????? private ? void ?Render()

???????? {

???????????? if ?(device? == ? null )?

???????????????? return ;

???????????? // Clear?the?backbuffer?to?a?blue?color?

????????????device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target,?System.Drawing.Color.Blue,? 1.0f ,? 0 );

???????????? // Begin?the?scene

????????????device.BeginScene();

????????????

???????????? // ?Rendering?of?scene?objects?can?happen?here

????

???????????? // End?the?scene

????????????device.EndScene();

????????????device.Present();

????????}

???????? protected ? override ? void ?OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs?e)

???????? {

???????????? this .Render();? // ?Render?on?painting

????????}

???????? protected ? override ? void ?OnKeyPress(System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs?e)

???????? {

???????????? if ?(( int )( byte )e.KeyChar? == ?( int )System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Escape)

???????????????? this .Close();? // ?Esc?was?pressed

????????}

???????? /// ? <summary>

???????? /// ?The?main?entry?point?for?the?application.

???????? /// ? </summary>

???????? static ? void ?Main()?

???????? {

???????????? using ?(CreateDevice?frm? = ? new ?CreateDevice())

???????????? {

???????????????? if ?( ! frm.InitializeGraphics())? // ?Initialize?Direct3D

???????????????? {

????????????????????MessageBox.Show( " Could?not?initialize?Direct3D.??This?tutorial?will?exit. " );

???????????????????? return ;

????????????????}

????????????????frm.Show();

???????????????? // ?While?the?form?is?still?valid,?render?and?process?messages

???????????????? while (frm.Created)

???????????????? {

????????????????????frm.Render();

????????????????????Application.DoEvents();

????????????????}

????????????}

????????}

????}

}

1 creating the Direct3D device
?? PresentParameters object that is used to set the windows display characteristics.????? presentParameters 用來設置windows的特征. 她的windowed設為? true? 表示以窗口顯示,沒有菜單和子窗口,但是有最大,最小和關閉button.
2 Device的構造函數中,指定了hardware device是優先的,頂點的處理有軟件來處理.但是如果我們有好的顯卡且我們設置 ?CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing參數,則我們有更好的性能.
3 ?Application.DoEvents(); 不能沒有,否則窗口不接受消息,一直render().
4 Device.Clear method使窗口顏色被設置為blue. Device.BeginScene則真正開始render. the EndScene and Present methods 表示完成render.

包含檢查硬件的支持:

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//???????????Name:?dx9cs_initialization.cs

//?????????Author:?Kevin?Harris

//??Last?Modified:?06/15/05

//????Description:?This?sample?demonstrates?how?to?initialize?Direct3D.

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using?System;

using?System.Drawing;

using?System.Windows.Forms;

using?Microsoft.DirectX;

using?Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;

namespace?DX9Sample

{

????public?class?DX9Form?:?System.Windows.Forms.Form

????{

????????private?Device?d3dDevice?=?null;

????????public?DX9Form()

????????{

????????????this.ClientSize?=?new?System.Drawing.Size(?640,?480?);

????????????this.Text?=?"Direct3D?(DX9/C#)?-?Initialization";

????????????this.SetStyle(?ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint?|?ControlStyles.Opaque,?true?);

????????}

????????protected?override?void?OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs?e)

????????{

????????????this.Render();

????????????this.Invalidate();

????????}

????????protected?override?void?OnKeyDown(System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs?e)

????????{

????????????switch(?e.KeyCode?)

????????????{

????????????????case?System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Escape:

????????????????????this.Dispose();

????????????????????break;

????????????}

????????}

????????protected?override?void?Dispose(bool?disposing)

????????{

????????????base.Dispose(?disposing?);

????????}

????????static?void?Main()?

????????{

????????????using(?DX9Form?frm?=?new?DX9Form()?)

????????????{

????????????????frm.Show();

????????????????frm.Init();

????????????????Application.Run(?frm?);

????????????}

????????}

????????///?<summary>

????????///?This?method?basically?creates?and?initialize?the?Direct3D?device?and

????????///?anything?else?that?doens't?need?to?be?recreated?after?a?device?

????????///?reset.

????????///?</summary>

????????private?void?Init()?

????????{

????????????//?Does?the?hardware?support?a?16-bit?z-buffer?

????????????if(?!Manager.CheckDeviceFormat(?Manager.Adapters.Default.Adapter,?

???????????????????????????????????????????DeviceType.Hardware,

???????????????????????????????????????????Manager.Adapters.Default.CurrentDisplayMode.Format,?

???????????????????????????????????????????Usage.DepthStencil,

???????????????????????????????????????????ResourceType.Surface,

???????????????????????????????????????????DepthFormat.D16?)?)

????????????{

????????????????//?POTENTIAL?PROBLEM:?We?need?at?least?a?16-bit?z-buffer!

????????????????return;

????????????}

????????????//

????????????//?Do?we?support?hardware?vertex?processing??if?so,?use?it.?

????????????//?If?not,?downgrade?to?software.

????????????//

????????????Caps?caps?=?Manager.GetDeviceCaps(?Manager.Adapters.Default.Adapter,?

???????????????????????????????????????????????DeviceType.Hardware?);

????????????CreateFlags?flags;

????????????if(?caps.DeviceCaps.SupportsHardwareTransformAndLight?)

????????????????flags?=?CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing;

????????????else

????????????????flags?=?CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing;

????????????//

????????????//?Everything?checks?out?-?create?a?simple,?windowed?device.

????????????//

????????????PresentParameters?d3dpp?=?new?PresentParameters();

????????????d3dpp.BackBufferFormat???????=?Format.Unknown;

????????????d3dpp.SwapEffect?????????????=?SwapEffect.Discard;

????????????d3dpp.Windowed???????????????=?true;

????????????d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil?=?true;

????????????d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat?=?DepthFormat.D16;

????????????d3dpp.PresentationInterval???=?PresentInterval.Immediate;?

????????????d3dDevice?=?new?Device(?0,?DeviceType.Hardware,?this,?flags,?d3dpp?);

????????????//?Register?an?event-handler?for?DeviceReset?and?call?it?to?continue

????????????//?our?setup.

????????????d3dDevice.DeviceReset?+=?new?System.EventHandler(?this.OnResetDevice?);

????????????OnResetDevice(?d3dDevice,?null?);

????????}

????????///?<summary>

????????///?This?event-handler?is?a?good?place?to?create?and?initialize?any?

????????///?Direct3D?related?objects,?which?may?become?invalid?during?a?

????????///?device?reset.

????????///?</summary>

????????public?void?OnResetDevice(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)

????????{

????????????//?This?sample?doens't?create?anything?that?requires?recreation?

????????????//?after?the?DeviceReset?event.

????????}

????????private?void?Render()

????????{

????????????d3dDevice.Clear(?ClearFlags.Target?|?ClearFlags.ZBuffer,?

?????????????????????????????Color.FromArgb(255,?0,?255,?0),?1.0f,?0?);

????????????d3dDevice.BeginScene();

????????????

????????????//?Render?geometry?here

????

????????????d3dDevice.EndScene();

????????????d3dDevice.Present();

????????}

????}

}

posted on 2006-05-09 18:31 夢在天涯閱讀(1187) 評論(1) 編輯收藏引用所屬分類: DirectX

Managed DirectX是對DirectX大部分功能的托管封裝，可以用任何支持.NET的語言開發。MDX只對DirectX做了非常低層次的封裝，因此保持了用COM接口DirectX開發時的大部分原貌。MDX的性能是不用擔心的，因為它還是象COM DirectX一樣提供對硬件層次的訪問，大部分功能都是在你的顯卡/網卡/聲卡上起作用的，托管部分只是它的接口。事實證明MDX在DirectX Graphics中的性能與COM接口的DirectX不相上下。既然MDX的開發方式、API和性能都與COM接口的DirectX差不多，那為什么要用MDX呢？我自己對這個問題的回答是：

1、托管代碼的對象模型更好。MDX基于類庫的組織結構，比用COM接口的處理方式更方便。
2、用MDX，一般不用操心資源釋放的問題。很大一部分資源釋放的操作，都被封裝好了。
3、與更多現代技術結合得更好。我們可以讓DirectX程序使用XML、WebService和智能客戶端等技術。

Direct3D程序最基本的流程是：創建Windows窗口、創建設備、處理消息循環、物體圖形顯示、退出和清理。在MDX的世界里，窗口創建和處理消息循環我們交給Windows Forms模型來做，剩下最主要的任務就是創建設備和物體圖形顯示。Direct3D設備是Direct3D開發最基本的入口，它定義了Direct3D所有的繪圖組件，大部分的操作都需要從Direct3D設備開始。創建設備需要設定幾個參數，包括顯卡序號、設備類型、所屬窗口、3D運算方式等。除了這些信息外，還需要一個PresentParameters類型的參數，其中定義了Direct3D設備所需的相關信息。下面代碼中的InitializeDirect3D函數完整的演示了創建設備的步驟

設備類型：Direct3D支持3種設備，其中HAL和REF最為重要。HAL通過硬件進行光柵化、坐標變換和光照處理等，速度最快。REF則是用軟件實現相關的操作，僅用于硬件不支持某種操作的情況。DeviceType枚舉定義了設備類型可能的選項。

3D運算方式包括一些選項，如HardwareVertexProcessing，PureHardwareVertexProcessing等，用于指定頂點運算由硬件執行還是軟件執行等。

PresentParameters還包括一些設置，如后臺緩沖區的高度、寬度和像素格式，以及從后臺緩沖區復制到前臺緩存屏幕顯示的方式等等。如果Direct3D采用窗口方式運行，像素格式必須查詢當前的顯示模式獲得。

Direct3D設備創建成功以后，就可以進入圖形顯示階段。在下面的代碼中以Render()函數的形式出現。在繪制圖形前，需要調用Device::Clear()函數重制ViewPort的顏色緩沖區。ViewPort就是3D形狀投射到平面顯示器上供我們看到的那個區域。Clear函數的Flag參數指定了對顏色緩沖區、深度緩沖區還是模板緩沖區進行初始化。因為我用ATI顯卡，所以我選擇了將顏色緩沖區初始化為紅色:)。接下來是調用BeginScene()函數和EndScene()函數。實際的繪圖中，所有渲染的代碼都必須放在BeginScene函數和EndScene函數之間，否則就會出錯。最后調用Present()函數，將后臺緩沖區中的數據復制到前臺緩沖區，我們就能看見圖形了。

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相關文章: 紋理+VertexElement（二） Manged Direct3d基本框架+Mesh的使用（一）為程序增加簡單的聲音提示(.net封裝API --PlaySound()) Managed directx 檢查硬件支持和實現全屏顯示 managed directx 實現太陽系的模擬投影變換三維幾何變換二維圖形的幾何變換窗口區到視圖區的坐標變換 managed directx實現讀寫buffer (Read and Write VertexBuffer and IndexBuffer Data)

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# re: Managed DirectX --- create Device 2006-05-17 17:31 夢在天涯

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Managed DirectX --- create Device

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