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Managed DirectX --- create Device

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// ?File:?CreateDevice.cs

// ?Desc:?This?is?the?first?tutorial?for?using?Direct3D.?In?this?tutorial,?all

// ???????we?are?doing?is?creating?a?Direct3D?device?and?using?it?to?clear?the

// ???????window.

// ?Copyright?(c)?Microsoft?Corporation.?All?rights?reserved.

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

using ?System;

using ?System.Drawing;

using ?System.Windows.Forms;

using ?Microsoft.DirectX;

using ?Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;

namespace ?DeviceTutorial

{

???? public ? class ?CreateDevice?:?Form

???? {

???????? // ?Our?global?variables?for?this?project

????????Device?device? = ? null ;? // ?Our?rendering?device

???????? public ?CreateDevice()

???????? {

???????????? // ?Set?the?initial?size?of?our?form

???????????? this .ClientSize? = ? new ?System.Drawing.Size( 400 , 300 );

???????????? // ?And?it's?caption

???????????? this .Text? = ? " D3D?Tutorial?01:?CreateDevice " ;

????????}

????????

???????? public ? bool ?InitializeGraphics()

???????? {

???????????? try

???????????? {

???????????????? // ?Now?let's?setup?our?D3D?stuff

????????????????PresentParameters?presentParams? = ? new ?PresentParameters();

????????????????presentParams.Windowed = true ;

????????????????presentParams.SwapEffect? = ?SwapEffect.Discard;

????????????????device? = ? new ?Device( 0 ,?DeviceType.Hardware,? this ,?CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing,?presentParams);

???????????????? return ? true ;

????????????}

???????????? catch ?(DirectXException)

???????????? {?

???????????????? return ? false ;?

????????????}

????????}

???????? private ? void ?Render()

???????? {

???????????? if ?(device? == ? null )?

???????????????? return ;

???????????? // Clear?the?backbuffer?to?a?blue?color?

????????????device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target,?System.Drawing.Color.Blue,? 1.0f ,? 0 );

???????????? // Begin?the?scene

????????????device.BeginScene();

????????????

???????????? // ?Rendering?of?scene?objects?can?happen?here

????

???????????? // End?the?scene

????????????device.EndScene();

????????????device.Present();

????????}

???????? protected ? override ? void ?OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs?e)

???????? {

???????????? this .Render();? // ?Render?on?painting

????????}

???????? protected ? override ? void ?OnKeyPress(System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs?e)

???????? {

???????????? if ?(( int )( byte )e.KeyChar? == ?( int )System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Escape)

???????????????? this .Close();? // ?Esc?was?pressed

????????}

???????? /// ? <summary>

???????? /// ?The?main?entry?point?for?the?application.

???????? /// ? </summary>

???????? static ? void ?Main()?

???????? {

???????????? using ?(CreateDevice?frm? = ? new ?CreateDevice())

???????????? {

???????????????? if ?( ! frm.InitializeGraphics())? // ?Initialize?Direct3D

???????????????? {

????????????????????MessageBox.Show( " Could?not?initialize?Direct3D.??This?tutorial?will?exit. " );

???????????????????? return ;

????????????????}

????????????????frm.Show();

???????????????? // ?While?the?form?is?still?valid,?render?and?process?messages

???????????????? while (frm.Created)

???????????????? {

????????????????????frm.Render();

????????????????????Application.DoEvents();

????????????????}

????????????}

????????}

????}

}

1 creating the Direct3D device
?? PresentParameters object that is used to set the windows display characteristics.????? presentParameters 用來設置windows的特征. 她的windowed設為? true? 表示以窗口顯示,沒有菜單和子窗口,但是有最大,最小和關閉button.
2 Device的構造函數中,指定了hardware device是優先的,頂點的處理有軟件來處理.但是如果我們有好的顯卡且我們設置 ?CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing參數,則我們有更好的性能.
3 ?Application.DoEvents(); 不能沒有,否則窗口不接受消息,一直render().
4 Device.Clear method使窗口顏色被設置為blue. Device.BeginScene則真正開始render. the EndScene and Present methods 表示完成render.

包含檢查硬件的支持:

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//???????????Name:?dx9cs_initialization.cs

//?????????Author:?Kevin?Harris

//??Last?Modified:?06/15/05

//????Description:?This?sample?demonstrates?how?to?initialize?Direct3D.

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using?System;

using?System.Drawing;

using?System.Windows.Forms;

using?Microsoft.DirectX;

using?Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;

namespace?DX9Sample

{

????public?class?DX9Form?:?System.Windows.Forms.Form

????{

????????private?Device?d3dDevice?=?null;

????????public?DX9Form()

????????{

????????????this.ClientSize?=?new?System.Drawing.Size(?640,?480?);

????????????this.Text?=?"Direct3D?(DX9/C#)?-?Initialization";

????????????this.SetStyle(?ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint?|?ControlStyles.Opaque,?true?);

????????}

????????protected?override?void?OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs?e)

????????{

????????????this.Render();

????????????this.Invalidate();

????????}

????????protected?override?void?OnKeyDown(System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs?e)

????????{

????????????switch(?e.KeyCode?)

????????????{

????????????????case?System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Escape:

????????????????????this.Dispose();

????????????????????break;

????????????}

????????}

????????protected?override?void?Dispose(bool?disposing)

????????{

????????????base.Dispose(?disposing?);

????????}

????????static?void?Main()?

????????{

????????????using(?DX9Form?frm?=?new?DX9Form()?)

????????????{

????????????????frm.Show();

????????????????frm.Init();

????????????????Application.Run(?frm?);

????????????}

????????}

????????///?<summary>

????????///?This?method?basically?creates?and?initialize?the?Direct3D?device?and

????????///?anything?else?that?doens't?need?to?be?recreated?after?a?device?

????????///?reset.

????????///?</summary>

????????private?void?Init()?

????????{

????????????//?Does?the?hardware?support?a?16-bit?z-buffer?

????????????if(?!Manager.CheckDeviceFormat(?Manager.Adapters.Default.Adapter,?

???????????????????????????????????????????DeviceType.Hardware,

???????????????????????????????????????????Manager.Adapters.Default.CurrentDisplayMode.Format,?

???????????????????????????????????????????Usage.DepthStencil,

???????????????????????????????????????????ResourceType.Surface,

???????????????????????????????????????????DepthFormat.D16?)?)

????????????{

????????????????//?POTENTIAL?PROBLEM:?We?need?at?least?a?16-bit?z-buffer!

????????????????return;

????????????}

????????????//

????????????//?Do?we?support?hardware?vertex?processing??if?so,?use?it.?

????????????//?If?not,?downgrade?to?software.

????????????//

????????????Caps?caps?=?Manager.GetDeviceCaps(?Manager.Adapters.Default.Adapter,?

???????????????????????????????????????????????DeviceType.Hardware?);

????????????CreateFlags?flags;

????????????if(?caps.DeviceCaps.SupportsHardwareTransformAndLight?)

????????????????flags?=?CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing;

????????????else

????????????????flags?=?CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing;

????????????//

????????????//?Everything?checks?out?-?create?a?simple,?windowed?device.

????????????//

????????????PresentParameters?d3dpp?=?new?PresentParameters();

????????????d3dpp.BackBufferFormat???????=?Format.Unknown;

????????????d3dpp.SwapEffect?????????????=?SwapEffect.Discard;

????????????d3dpp.Windowed???????????????=?true;

????????????d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil?=?true;

????????????d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat?=?DepthFormat.D16;

????????????d3dpp.PresentationInterval???=?PresentInterval.Immediate;?

????????????d3dDevice?=?new?Device(?0,?DeviceType.Hardware,?this,?flags,?d3dpp?);

????????????//?Register?an?event-handler?for?DeviceReset?and?call?it?to?continue

????????????//?our?setup.

????????????d3dDevice.DeviceReset?+=?new?System.EventHandler(?this.OnResetDevice?);

????????????OnResetDevice(?d3dDevice,?null?);

????????}

????????///?<summary>

????????///?This?event-handler?is?a?good?place?to?create?and?initialize?any?

????????///?Direct3D?related?objects,?which?may?become?invalid?during?a?

????????///?device?reset.

????????///?</summary>

????????public?void?OnResetDevice(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)

????????{

????????????//?This?sample?doens't?create?anything?that?requires?recreation?

????????????//?after?the?DeviceReset?event.

????????}

????????private?void?Render()

????????{

????????????d3dDevice.Clear(?ClearFlags.Target?|?ClearFlags.ZBuffer,?

?????????????????????????????Color.FromArgb(255,?0,?255,?0),?1.0f,?0?);

????????????d3dDevice.BeginScene();

????????????

????????????//?Render?geometry?here

????

????????????d3dDevice.EndScene();

????????????d3dDevice.Present();

????????}

????}

}

posted on 2006-05-09 18:31 夢在天涯閱讀(1180) 評論(1) 編輯收藏引用所屬分類: DirectX

Managed DirectX是對DirectX大部分功能的托管封裝，可以用任何支持.NET的語言開發。MDX只對DirectX做了非常低層次的封裝，因此保持了用COM接口DirectX開發時的大部分原貌。MDX的性能是不用擔心的，因為它還是象COM DirectX一樣提供對硬件層次的訪問，大部分功能都是在你的顯卡/網卡/聲卡上起作用的，托管部分只是它的接口。事實證明MDX在DirectX Graphics中的性能與COM接口的DirectX不相上下。既然MDX的開發方式、API和性能都與COM接口的DirectX差不多，那為什么要用MDX呢？我自己對這個問題的回答是：

1、托管代碼的對象模型更好。MDX基于類庫的組織結構，比用COM接口的處理方式更方便。
2、用MDX，一般不用操心資源釋放的問題。很大一部分資源釋放的操作，都被封裝好了。
3、與更多現代技術結合得更好。我們可以讓DirectX程序使用XML、WebService和智能客戶端等技術。

Direct3D程序最基本的流程是：創建Windows窗口、創建設備、處理消息循環、物體圖形顯示、退出和清理。在MDX的世界里，窗口創建和處理消息循環我們交給Windows Forms模型來做，剩下最主要的任務就是創建設備和物體圖形顯示。Direct3D設備是Direct3D開發最基本的入口，它定義了Direct3D所有的繪圖組件，大部分的操作都需要從Direct3D設備開始。創建設備需要設定幾個參數，包括顯卡序號、設備類型、所屬窗口、3D運算方式等。除了這些信息外，還需要一個PresentParameters類型的參數，其中定義了Direct3D設備所需的相關信息。下面代碼中的InitializeDirect3D函數完整的演示了創建設備的步驟

設備類型：Direct3D支持3種設備，其中HAL和REF最為重要。HAL通過硬件進行光柵化、坐標變換和光照處理等，速度最快。REF則是用軟件實現相關的操作，僅用于硬件不支持某種操作的情況。DeviceType枚舉定義了設備類型可能的選項。

3D運算方式包括一些選項，如HardwareVertexProcessing，PureHardwareVertexProcessing等，用于指定頂點運算由硬件執行還是軟件執行等。

PresentParameters還包括一些設置，如后臺緩沖區的高度、寬度和像素格式，以及從后臺緩沖區復制到前臺緩存屏幕顯示的方式等等。如果Direct3D采用窗口方式運行，像素格式必須查詢當前的顯示模式獲得。

Direct3D設備創建成功以后，就可以進入圖形顯示階段。在下面的代碼中以Render()函數的形式出現。在繪制圖形前，需要調用Device::Clear()函數重制ViewPort的顏色緩沖區。ViewPort就是3D形狀投射到平面顯示器上供我們看到的那個區域。Clear函數的Flag參數指定了對顏色緩沖區、深度緩沖區還是模板緩沖區進行初始化。因為我用ATI顯卡，所以我選擇了將顏色緩沖區初始化為紅色:)。接下來是調用BeginScene()函數和EndScene()函數。實際的繪圖中，所有渲染的代碼都必須放在BeginScene函數和EndScene函數之間，否則就會出錯。最后調用Present()函數，將后臺緩沖區中的數據復制到前臺緩沖區，我們就能看見圖形了。

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# re: Managed DirectX --- create Device 2006-05-17 17:31 夢在天涯

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Managed DirectX --- create Device

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