# C#異步方法返回void和Task的區別
(金慶的專欄 2021.2)
如果異步(async關鍵字)方法有返回值,返回類型為T時,返回類型必然是 `Task<T>`。
但是如果沒有返回值,異步方法的返回類型有2種,一個是返回 Task, 一個是返回 void:
```
public async Task CountDownAsync(int count)
{
for (int i = count; i >= 0; i--)
{
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
}
public async void CountDown(int count)
{
for (int i = count; i >= 0; i--)
{
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
}
```
調用時,如果返回 Task, 但返回值被忽略時,VS 會用綠色波浪線警告:
```
CountDownAsync(3);
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
```
信息為:
```
(awaitable) Task AsyncExample.CountDownAsync(int count)
Usage:
await CountDownAsync(...);
Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed. Consider applying the 'await' operator to the result of the call.
```
中文為:
```
CS4014:由于此調用不會等待,因此在此調用完成之前將會繼續執行當前方法。請考慮將"await"運算符應用于調用結果。
```
添加 await 后就正常了:
```
await CountDownAsync(3);
```
如果調用者不是一個異步方法,因為只有在異步方法中才可以使用 await,
或者并不想在此等待,如想同時執行多個 CountDownAsync(),
就不能應用 await 來消除警告。
此時可以改用 void 返回值的版本:
```
void Test()
{
...
CountDown(3);
CountDown(3);
...
}
async void CountDown(int count)
{
for (int i = count; i >= 0; i--)
{
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
}
```
> Never call `async Task` methods without also awaiting on the returned Task. If you don’t want to wait for the async behaviour to complete, you should call an `async void` method instead.
摘自:http://www.stevevermeulen.com/index.php/2017/09/using-async-await-in-unity3d-2017/
CountDown() 可以直接調用 CountDownAsync() 實現:
```
async void CountDown(int count)
{
await CountDownAsync(count);
}
```
使用下劃線變量忽略異步方法的返回值也可以消除警告:
```
void Test()
{
...
_ = CountDownAsync(3);
_ = CountDownAsync(3);
...
}
```
但是這樣同時也會忽略 CountDownAsync() 中的異常。如以下異常會被忽略。
```
void Test()
{
...
_ = CountDownAsync(3);
...
}
async Task CountDownAsync(int count)
{
for (int i = count; i >= 0; i--)
{
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
throw new Exception();
}
```
如果是調用返回 void 的異步方法,Unity 會報錯:
```
Exception: Exception of type 'System.Exception' was thrown.
```
## 對 Async 后綴的說明
```
You could say that the Async suffix convention is to communicate to the API user that the method is awaitable. For a method to be awaitable, it must return Task for a void, or Task<T> for a value-returning method, which means only the latter can be suffixed with Async.
```
摘自:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15951774
grpc 生成的代碼中,異步請求返回了一個 AsyncCall 對象,AsyncCall 實現了 GetAwaiter() 接口:
```
public virtual grpc::AsyncUnaryCall<global::Routeguide.Feature> GetFeatureAsync(global::Routeguide.Point request, ...)
```
可以這樣調用并等待:
```
var resp = await client.GetFeatureAsync(req);
```
雖然返回類型不是`Task<>`, 但是可等待,所以添加了 Async 后綴。
(金慶的專欄 2021.2)
如果異步(async關鍵字)方法有返回值,返回類型為T時,返回類型必然是 `Task<T>`。
但是如果沒有返回值,異步方法的返回類型有2種,一個是返回 Task, 一個是返回 void:
```
public async Task CountDownAsync(int count)
{
for (int i = count; i >= 0; i--)
{
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
}
public async void CountDown(int count)
{
for (int i = count; i >= 0; i--)
{
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
}
```
調用時,如果返回 Task, 但返回值被忽略時,VS 會用綠色波浪線警告:
```
CountDownAsync(3);
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
```
信息為:
```
(awaitable) Task AsyncExample.CountDownAsync(int count)
Usage:
await CountDownAsync(...);
Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed. Consider applying the 'await' operator to the result of the call.
```
中文為:
```
CS4014:由于此調用不會等待,因此在此調用完成之前將會繼續執行當前方法。請考慮將"await"運算符應用于調用結果。
```
添加 await 后就正常了:
```
await CountDownAsync(3);
```
如果調用者不是一個異步方法,因為只有在異步方法中才可以使用 await,
或者并不想在此等待,如想同時執行多個 CountDownAsync(),
就不能應用 await 來消除警告。
此時可以改用 void 返回值的版本:
```
void Test()
{
...
CountDown(3);
CountDown(3);
...
}
async void CountDown(int count)
{
for (int i = count; i >= 0; i--)
{
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
}
```
> Never call `async Task` methods without also awaiting on the returned Task. If you don’t want to wait for the async behaviour to complete, you should call an `async void` method instead.
摘自:http://www.stevevermeulen.com/index.php/2017/09/using-async-await-in-unity3d-2017/
CountDown() 可以直接調用 CountDownAsync() 實現:
```
async void CountDown(int count)
{
await CountDownAsync(count);
}
```
使用下劃線變量忽略異步方法的返回值也可以消除警告:
```
void Test()
{
...
_ = CountDownAsync(3);
_ = CountDownAsync(3);
...
}
```
但是這樣同時也會忽略 CountDownAsync() 中的異常。如以下異常會被忽略。
```
void Test()
{
...
_ = CountDownAsync(3);
...
}
async Task CountDownAsync(int count)
{
for (int i = count; i >= 0; i--)
{
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
throw new Exception();
}
```
如果是調用返回 void 的異步方法,Unity 會報錯:
```
Exception: Exception of type 'System.Exception' was thrown.
```
## 對 Async 后綴的說明
```
You could say that the Async suffix convention is to communicate to the API user that the method is awaitable. For a method to be awaitable, it must return Task for a void, or Task<T> for a value-returning method, which means only the latter can be suffixed with Async.
```
摘自:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15951774
grpc 生成的代碼中,異步請求返回了一個 AsyncCall 對象,AsyncCall 實現了 GetAwaiter() 接口:
```
public virtual grpc::AsyncUnaryCall<global::Routeguide.Feature> GetFeatureAsync(global::Routeguide.Point request, ...)
```
可以這樣調用并等待:
```
var resp = await client.GetFeatureAsync(req);
```
雖然返回類型不是`Task<>`, 但是可等待,所以添加了 Async 后綴。