?
//
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
?File:?Vertices.cs
//
//
?Desc:?In?this?tutorial,?we?are?rendering?some?vertices.?This?introduces?the
//
???????concept?of?the?vertex?buffer,?a?Direct3D?object?used?to?store
//
???????vertices.?Vertices?can?be?defined?any?way?we?want?by?defining?a
//
???????custom?structure?and?a?custom?FVF?(flexible?vertex?format).?In?this
//
???????tutorial,?we?are?using?vertices?that?are?transformed?(meaning?they
//
???????are?already?in?2D?window?coordinates)?and?lit?(meaning?we?are?not
//
???????using?Direct3D?lighting,?but?are?supplying?our?own?colors).
//
//
?Copyright?(c)?Microsoft?Corporation.?All?rights?reserved.
//
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
using
?System;
using
?System.Drawing;
using
?System.Windows.Forms;
using
?Microsoft.DirectX;
using
?Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
namespace
?VerticesTutorial
{
????
public
?
class
?Vertices?:?Form
????
{
????????
//
?Our?global?variables?for?this?project
????????Device?device?
=
?
null
;?
//
?Our?rendering?device
????????VertexBuffer?vertexBuffer?
=
?
null
;
????????
public
?Vertices()
????????
{
????????????
//
?Set?the?initial?size?of?our?form
????????????
this
.ClientSize?
=
?
new
?System.Drawing.Size(
300
,
300
);
????????????
//
?And?its?caption
????????????
this
.Text?
=
?
"
Direct3D?Tutorial?2?-?Vertices
"
;
????????}
????????
????????
public
?
bool
?InitializeGraphics()
????????
{
????????????
try
????????????
{
????????????????
//
?Now?let's?setup?our?D3D?stuff
????????????????PresentParameters?presentParams?
=
?
new
?PresentParameters();
????????????????presentParams.Windowed
=
true
;
????????????????presentParams.SwapEffect?
=
?SwapEffect.Discard;
????????????????device?
=
?
new
?Device(
0
,?DeviceType.Hardware,?
this
,?CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing,?presentParams);
????????????????
this
.OnCreateDevice(device,?
null
);
????????????????
return
?
true
;
????????????}
????????????
catch
?(DirectXException)
????????????
{?
????????????????
return
?
false
;?
????????????}
????????}
????????
public
?
void
?OnCreateDevice(
object
?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????Device?dev?
=
?(Device)sender;
????????????
//
?Now?Create?the?VB
????????????vertexBuffer?
=
?
new
?VertexBuffer(
typeof
(CustomVertex.TransformedColored),?
3
,?dev,?
0
,?CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format,?Pool.Default);
????????????vertexBuffer.Created?
+=
?
new
?System.EventHandler(
this
.OnCreateVertexBuffer);
????????????
this
.OnCreateVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer,?
null
);
????????}
????????
public
?
void
?OnCreateVertexBuffer(
object
?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????VertexBuffer?vb?
=
?(VertexBuffer)sender;
????????????GraphicsStream?stm?
=
?vb.Lock(
0
,?
0
,?
0
);
????????????CustomVertex.TransformedColored[]?verts?
=
?
new
?CustomVertex.TransformedColored[
3
];
????????????verts[
0
].X
=
150
;verts[
0
].Y
=
50
;verts[
0
].Z
=
0.5f
;?verts[
0
].Rhw
=
1
;?verts[
0
].Color?
=
?System.Drawing.Color.Red.ToArgb();
????????????verts[
1
].X
=
250
;verts[
1
].Y
=
250
;verts[
1
].Z
=
0.5f
;?verts[
1
].Rhw
=
1
;?verts[
1
].Color?
=
?System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb();
????????????verts[
2
].X
=
50
;verts[
2
].Y
=
250
;verts[
2
].Z
=
0.5f
;?verts[
2
].Rhw
=
1
;?verts[
2
].Color?
=
?System.Drawing.Color.SkyBlue.ToArgb();
????????????stm.Write(verts);
????????????vb.Unlock();
????????}
????????
private
?
void
?Render()
????????
{
????????????
if
?(device?
==
?
null
)?
????????????????
return
;
????????????
//
Clear?the?backbuffer?to?a?blue?color?(ARGB?=?000000ff)
????????????device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target,?System.Drawing.Color.Blue,?
1.0f
,?
0
);
????????????
//
Begin?the?scene
????????????device.BeginScene();
????????????
????????????device.SetStreamSource(?
0
,?vertexBuffer,?
0
);
????????????device.VertexFormat?
=
?CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format;
????????????device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList,?
0
,?
1
);
????????????
//
End?the?scene
????????????device.EndScene();
????????????device.Present();
????????}
????????
protected
?
override
?
void
?OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????
this
.Render();?
//
?Render?on?painting
????????}
????????
protected
?
override
?
void
?OnKeyPress(System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????
if
?((
int
)(
byte
)e.KeyChar?
==
?(
int
)System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Escape)
????????????????
this
.Close();?
//
?Esc?was?pressed
????????}
????????
/**/
///
?
<summary>
????????
///
?The?main?entry?point?for?the?application.
????????
///
?
</summary>
????????
static
?
void
?Main()?
????????
{
????????????
using
?(Vertices?frm?
=
?
new
?Vertices())
????????????
{
????????????????
if
?(
!
frm.InitializeGraphics())?
//
?Initialize?Direct3D
????????????????
{
????????????????????MessageBox.Show(
"
Could?not?initialize?Direct3D.??This?tutorial?will?exit.
"
);
????????????????????
return
;
????????????????}
????????????????frm.Show();
????????????????
//
?While?the?form?is?still?valid,?render?and?process?messages
????????????????
while
(frm.Created)
????????????????
{
????????????????????frm.Render();
????????????????????Application.DoEvents();
????????????????}
????????????}
????????}
????}
}
1 定義 VertexBuffer vb = null;
2 創(chuàng)建 VertexBuffer?
??? public void OnCreateDevice(object sender, EventArgs e)
??? {
??? Device dev = (Device)sender;
???
??? // Now create the vertex buffer
???
vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(
??????? typeof(CustomVertex.TransformedColored), 3, dev, 0,
??????? CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format, Pool.Default);
??? vertexBuffer.Created +=
??????? new System.EventHandler(this.OnCreateVertexBuffer);
??? this.OnCreateVertexBuffer(vb, null);
??? }
??? public void OnCreateVertexBuffer(object sender, EventArgs e)
??? {
???
VertexBuffer vb = (VertexBuffer)sender;
??? GraphicsStream stm = vb.Lock(0, 0, 0);?? //Lock() 保證cpu能夠直接訪問(wèn) VertexBuffer ,必須和unlock()一起使用
??? CustomVertex.TransformedColored[] verts =
??????? new CustomVertex.TransformedColored[3];
??? .
??? .
??? .
??? vb.Unlock();
??? }
3?
GraphicsStream對(duì)象直接訪問(wèn)vertexbuffer, 或者說(shuō)把vertexbuffer的內(nèi)容放到Graphicsstream中以合適的大小.
verts[0].X=150; verts[0].Y=50; verts[0].Z=0.5f; verts[0].Rhw=1;
verts[0].Color = System.Drawing.Color.Aqua.ToArgb();
verts[1].X=250; verts[1].Y=250; verts[1].Z=0.5f; verts[1].Rhw=1;
verts[1].Color = System.Drawing.Color.Brown.ToArgb();
verts[2].X=50; verts[2].Y=250; verts[2].Z=0.5f; verts[2].Rhw=1;
verts[2].Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightPink.ToArgb();
stm.Write(verts);
4 render device
private void Render()
{
??? if (device == null)
??? return;
???
??? // Clear the back buffer to a blue color (ARGB = 000000ff)
??? device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, System.Drawing.Color.Blue, 1.0f, 0);
??? // Begin the scene
??? device.BeginScene();
???
??? // New for Tutorial 2
??? device.SetStreamSource(0, vertexBuffer, 0);??? //設(shè)置stream源用vertexbuffer.
??? device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format;? //設(shè)置render格式
??? device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 1);?
???
??? // End the scene
??? device.EndScene();
??? device.Present();
}
Read and Write VertexBuffer and IndexBuffer Data With GraphicsStreams
using?System;
using?Microsoft.DirectX;
using?Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
public?struct?PositionNormalTexVertex
{
????public?Vector3?Position;
????public?Vector3?Normal;
????public??float?Tu0,?Tv0;
????public?static?readonly?VertexFormats?FVF?=?VertexFormats.Position?|?VertexFormats.Texture1;
}
public?class?Example
{
????public?unsafe?void??GraphicsStreamReadWrite()
????{
????????//Create?a?vertex?buffer?in?the?managed?pool
????????VertexBuffer?vb?=?new?VertexBuffer(typeof(PositionNormalTexVertex),?100,?device,?Usage.None,?PositionNormalTexVertex.FVF,?Pool.Managed);
????????//First,?fill?an?array?of?PositionNormalTexVertex?elements?with?data.
????????PositionNormalTexVertex[]?vertices?=?new?PositionNormalTexVertex[50];
????????for(int?i=0;?i<50;?i++)
????????{
????????????//fill?the?vertices?with?some?data
????????????vertices[i].Position?=?new?Vector3(3f,4f,5f);
????????}
????????//The?size?of?the?verticies?are?32-bytes?each?(float3?(12)?+?float3?(12)?+?float(4)?+?float(4))
????????//To?lock?50?verticies,?the?size?of?the?lock?would?be?1600?(32?*?50)
????????GraphicsStream?vbData?=??vb.Lock(0,1600,?LockFlags.None);
????????//copy?the?vertex?data?into?the?vertex?buffer
????????vbData.Write(vertices);
????????//Unlock?the?VB
????????vb.Unlock();
????????//This?time,?lock?the?entire?VertexBuffer
????????vbData?=??vb.Lock(0,?3200,?LockFlags.None);
????????//Cast?the?InternalDataPointer?(a?void?pointer)?to?an?array?of?verticies
????????PositionNormalTexVertex*?vbArray?=?(PositionNormalTexVertex*)?vbData.InternalDataPointer;
????????for(int?i=0;?i<100;?i++)
????????{
????????????//perform?some?operations?on?the?data
????????????vbArray[i].Tu0?=?i;
????????????vbArray[i].Tv0?=?vbArray[i].Tu0?*?2;
????????????Console.WriteLine(vbArray[i].Tv0.ToString());
????????}
????????//Unlock?the?buffer
????????vb.Unlock();
????????vb.Dispose();
????}
} Read and Write VertexBuffer Data With Arrays
using?System;
using?Microsoft.DirectX;
using?Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
public?struct?PositionNormalTexVertex
{
????public?Vector3?Position;
????public?Vector3?Normal;
????public?float?Tu0,?Tv0;
????public?static?readonly?VertexFormats?FVF?=?VertexFormats.Position?|?VertexFormats.Texture1;
}
public?class?Example
{
????public?void?ArrayBasedReadWrite()
????{
????????//Create?a?vertex?buffer?in?the?managed?pool
????????VertexBuffer?vb?=?new?VertexBuffer(typeof(PositionNormalTexVertex),?100,?device,?Usage.None,?PositionNormalTex1Vertex.FVF,?Pool.Managed);
????????//Fill?an?array?of?the?appropriate?type?with?the?VB?data?using?Lock()
????????PositionNormalTexVertex[]?vbData?=?(PositionNormalTexVertex[])?vb.Lock(0,?typeof(PositionNormalTexVertex),?LockFlags.None,?50);
????????for(int?i=0;?i<50;?i++)
????????{
????????????//set?your?vertices?to?something
????????????vbData[i].Position?=?new?Vector3(2f,2f,2f);??
????????????vbData[i].Normal?=?new?Vector3(1f,0f,0f);
????????????vbData[i].Tu0?=?i;
????????????vbData[i].Tv0?=?i;
????????}
????????//Unlock?the?vb?before?you?can?use?it?elsewhere
????????vb.Unlock();
????????//This?lock?overload?simply?locks?the?entire?VB?--?setting?ReadOnly?can?improve?perf?when?reading?a?vertexbuffer
????????vbData?=?(PositionNormalTexVertex[])?vb.Lock(0,?LockFlags.ReadOnly);
????????for(int?i=0;?i<100;?i++)
????????{
????????????//read?some?vertex?data
????????????Console.WriteLine("Vertex?"?+?i?+?"Tu:?"?+??vbData[i].Tu0?+?"?,?Tv:?"?+?vbData[i].Tv0);
????????}
????????//Unlock?the?buffer
????????vb.Unlock();
????????vb.Dispose();
????}
}