一、其它數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串
- 短整型(int)
itoa(i,temp,10);///將i轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串放入temp中,最后一個(gè)數(shù)字表示十進(jìn)制
itoa(i,temp,2); ///按二進(jìn)制方式轉(zhuǎn)換
- 長(zhǎng)整型(long)
ltoa(l,temp,10);
- 浮點(diǎn)數(shù)(float,double)
用fcvt可以完成轉(zhuǎn)換,這是MSDN中的例子:
int decimal, sign;
char *buffer;
double source = 3.1415926535;
buffer = _fcvt( source, 7, &decimal, &sign );
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:source: 3.1415926535 buffer: '31415927' decimal: 1 sign: 0
decimal表示小數(shù)點(diǎn)的位置,sign表示符號(hào):0為正數(shù)，1為負(fù)數(shù)
- CString變量
str = "2008北京奧運(yùn)";
buf = (LPSTR)(LPCTSTR)str;
- BSTR變量
BSTR bstrValue = ::SysAllocString(L"程序員");
char * buf = _com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(bstrValue);
SysFreeString(bstrValue);
AfxMessageBox(buf);
delete(buf);
- CComBSTR變量
CComBSTR bstrVar("test");
char *buf = _com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(bstrVar.m_str);
AfxMessageBox(buf);
delete(buf);
- _bstr_t變量
_bstr_t類型是對(duì)BSTR的封裝，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)重載了=操作符，所以很容易使用
_bstr_t bstrVar("test");
const char *buf = bstrVar;///不要修改buf中的內(nèi)容
AfxMessageBox(buf);
- 通用方法(針對(duì)非COM數(shù)據(jù)類型)
用sprintf完成轉(zhuǎn)換
char buffer[200]; char c = '1'; int i = 35; long j = 1000; float f = 1.7320534f; sprintf( buffer, "%c",c); sprintf( buffer, "%d",i); sprintf( buffer, "%d",j); sprintf( buffer, "%f",f);
二、字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為其它數(shù)據(jù)類型
strcpy(temp,"123");
- 短整型(int)
i = atoi(temp);
- 長(zhǎng)整型(long)l = atol(temp);
- 浮點(diǎn)(double) d = atof(temp);
- CString變量CString name = temp;
- BSTR變量BSTR bstrValue = ::SysAllocString(L"程序員");
...///完成對(duì)bstrValue的使用
SysFreeString(bstrValue);
- CComBSTR變量CComBSTR類型變量可以直接賦值
CComBSTR bstrVar1("test");
CComBSTR bstrVar2(temp);
- _bstr_t變量_bstr_t類型的變量可以直接賦值
_bstr_t bstrVar1("test");
_bstr_t bstrVar2(temp);
三、其它數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換到CString使用CString的成員函數(shù)Format來轉(zhuǎn)換,例如:
- 整數(shù)(int)
str.Format("%d",i);
- 浮點(diǎn)數(shù)(float)
str.Format("%f",i);
- 字符串指針(char *)等已經(jīng)被CString構(gòu)造函數(shù)支持的數(shù)據(jù)類型可以直接賦值
str = username;
- 對(duì)于Format所不支持的數(shù)據(jù)類型，可以通過上面所說的關(guān)于其它數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)化到char *的方法先轉(zhuǎn)到char *，然后賦值給CString變量。
四、BSTR、_bstr_t與CComBSTR
- CComBSTR 是ATL對(duì)BSTR的封裝，_bstr_t是C++對(duì)BSTR的封裝,BSTR是32位指針,但并不直直指向字串的緩沖區(qū)。
char *轉(zhuǎn)換到BSTR可以這樣:
BSTR b=_com_util::ConvertStringToBSTR("數(shù)據(jù)");///使用前需要加上comutil.h和comsupp.lib
SysFreeString(bstrValue);
反之可以使用
char *p=_com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(b);
delete p;
具體可以參考一，二段落里的具體說明。
CComBSTR與_bstr_t對(duì)大量的操作符進(jìn)行了重載，可以直接進(jìn)行=,!=,==等操作，所以使用非常方便。
特別是_bstr_t,建議大家使用它。
五、VARIANT 、_variant_t 與 COleVariant
VARIANT的結(jié)構(gòu)可以參考頭文件VC98\Include\OAIDL.H中關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)體tagVARIANT的定義。
對(duì)于VARIANT變量的賦值：首先給vt成員賦值，指明數(shù)據(jù)類型，再對(duì)聯(lián)合結(jié)構(gòu)中相同數(shù)據(jù)類型的變量賦值，舉個(gè)例子：
VARIANT va;
int a=2001;
va.vt=VT_I4;///指明整型數(shù)據(jù)
va.lVal=a; ///賦值
_variant_t是VARIANT的封裝類，其賦值可以使用強(qiáng)制類型轉(zhuǎn)換，其構(gòu)造函數(shù)會(huì)自動(dòng)處理這些數(shù)據(jù)類型。
使用時(shí)需加上#include <comdef.h>
例如：
long l=222;
ing i=100;
_variant_t lVal(l);
lVal = (long)i;
COleVariant的使用與_variant_t的方法基本一樣，請(qǐng)參考如下例子：
COleVariant v3 = "字符串", v4 = (long)1999;
CString str =(BSTR)v3.pbstrVal;
long i = v4.lVal;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
本主題演示如何將各種 C++ 字符串類型轉(zhuǎn)換為其他字符串。以轉(zhuǎn)換的字符串類型包括 char *、wchar_t*、_bstr_t、CComBSTR、CString、basic_string 和 System.String。在所有情況下，在將字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為新類型時(shí)，都會(huì)創(chuàng)建字符串的副本。對(duì)新字符串進(jìn)行的任何更改都不會(huì)影響原始字符串，反之亦然。
// convert_from_char.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
char *orig = "Hello, World!";
cout << orig << " (char *)" << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
size_t rigsize = strlen(orig) + 1;
const size_t newsize = 100;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
string basicstring(orig);
basicstring += " (basic_string)";
cout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
輸出
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
從 wchar_t * 轉(zhuǎn)換
// convert_from_wchar_t.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
wchar_t *orig = L"Hello, World!";
wcout << orig << L" (wchar_t *)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
size_t rigsize = wcslen(orig) + 1;
const size_t newsize = 100;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
char nstring[newsize];
wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
wstring basicstring(orig);
basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
wcout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
輸出
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
-
從 _bstr_t 轉(zhuǎn)換
// convert_from_bstr_t.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
_bstr_t orig("Hello, World!");
wcout << orig << " (_bstr_t)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
strcpy_s(nstring, (char *)orig);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
wcscpy_s(wcstring, (wchar_t *)orig);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr((char *)orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring((char *)orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
string basicstring((char *)orig);
basicstring += " (basic_string)";
cout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String((char *)orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
輸出
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
從 CComBSTR 轉(zhuǎn)換
// convert_from_ccombstr.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
#include "vcclr.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
int main()
{
CComBSTR orig("Hello, World!");
CW2A printstr(orig);
cout << printstr << " (CComBSTR)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
CW2A tmpstr1(orig);
strcpy_s(nstring, tmpstr1);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
wcscpy_s(wcstring, orig);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
wstring basicstring(orig);
basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
wcout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
輸出
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
從 CString 轉(zhuǎn)換
// convert_from_cstring.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
CString orig("Hello, World!");
wcout << orig << " (CString)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
strcpy_s(nstring, orig);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
// You must first convert to a char * for this to work.
size_t rigsize = strlen(orig) + 1;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a basic_string
string basicstring(orig);
basicstring += " (basic_string)";
cout << basicstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig);
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
輸出
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (System::String)
從basic_string 轉(zhuǎn)換
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
int main()
{
string orig("Hello, World!");
cout << orig << " (basic_string)" << endl;
// Convert to a char*
const size_t newsize = 100;
char nstring[newsize];
strcpy_s(nstring, orig.c_str());
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
// You must first convert to a char * for this to work.
size_t rigsize = strlen(orig.c_str()) + 1;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstring, origsize, orig.c_str(), _TRUNCATE);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(orig.c_str());
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(orig.c_str());
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(orig.c_str());
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a System::String
String ^systemstring = gcnew String(orig.c_str());
systemstring += " (System::String)";
Console::WriteLine("{0}", systemstring);
delete systemstring;
}
輸出
Hello, World! (basic_string)
Hello, World! (char *)
Hello, World! (wchar_t *)
Hello, World! (_bstr_t)
Hello, World! (CComBSTR)
Hello, World! (CString)
Hello, World! (System::String)
從 System::String 轉(zhuǎn)換
// convert_from_system_string.cpp
// compile with /clr /link comsuppw.lib
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "atlbase.h"
#include "atlstr.h"
#include "comutil.h"
#include "vcclr.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
int main()
{
String ^orig = gcnew String("Hello, World!");
Console::WriteLine("{0} (System::String)", orig);
pin_ptr<const wchar_t> wch = PtrToStringChars(orig);
// Convert to a char*
size_t rigsize = wcslen(wch) + 1;
const size_t newsize = 100;
size_t convertedChars = 0;
char nstring[newsize];
wcstombs_s(&convertedChars, nstring, origsize, wch, _TRUNCATE);
strcat_s(nstring, " (char *)");
cout << nstring << endl;
// Convert to a wchar_t*
wchar_t wcstring[newsize];
wcscpy_s(wcstring, wch);
wcscat_s(wcstring, L" (wchar_t *)");
wcout << wcstring << endl;
// Convert to a _bstr_t
_bstr_t bstrt(wch);
bstrt += " (_bstr_t)";
cout << bstrt << endl;
// Convert to a CComBSTR
CComBSTR ccombstr(wch);
if (ccombstr.Append(L" (CComBSTR)") == S_OK)
{
CW2A printstr(ccombstr);
cout << printstr << endl;
}
// Convert to a CString
CString cstring(wch);
cstring += " (CString)";
cout << cstring << endl;
// Convert to a basic_string
wstring basicstring(wch);
basicstring += L" (basic_string)";
wcout << basicstring << endl;
delete orig;
}
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