作用:
動(dòng)態(tài)地給一個(gè)對象添加一些額外的職責(zé)。就增加功能來說，Decorator 模式相比生成子類更為靈活。
UML結(jié)構(gòu)圖:
抽象基類:
1)Component:定義一個(gè)對象接口,可以為這個(gè)接口動(dòng)態(tài)的添加職責(zé).
2)Decorator:維持一個(gè)指向Component的指針,并且有一個(gè)和Component一致的接口函數(shù).
接口函數(shù):
1)Component::Operation:這個(gè)接口函數(shù)由Component聲明,因此Component的派生類都需要實(shí)現(xiàn),可以在這個(gè)接口函數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上給它動(dòng)態(tài)添加職責(zé).
解析:
Decorator的派生類可以為ConcreateComponent類的對象動(dòng)態(tài)的添加職責(zé),或者可以這么說:Decorator的派生類裝飾ConcreateComponent類的對象.具體是這么實(shí)現(xiàn)的,首先初始化一個(gè)ConcreateComponent類的對象(被裝飾者),采用這個(gè)對象去生成一個(gè)Decorator對象(裝飾者),之后對Operation函數(shù)的調(diào)用則是對這個(gè)Decorator對象成員函數(shù)的多態(tài)調(diào)用.這里的實(shí)現(xiàn)要點(diǎn)是Decorator類和ConcreateComponent類都繼承自Component,從而兩者的接口函數(shù)是一致的;其次,Decorator維護(hù)了一個(gè)指向Component的指針,從而可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對Component::Operation函數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)用.
實(shí)現(xiàn):
1)Decorator.h
/**//********************************************************************
????created:????2006/07/20
????filename:?????Decorator.h
????author:????????李創(chuàng)
????????????????http://m.shnenglu.com/converse/
????purpose:????Decorator模式的演示代碼
*********************************************************************/
#ifndef?DECORATOR_H
#define?DECORATOR_H
//?抽象基類,定義一個(gè)對象接口,可以為這個(gè)接口動(dòng)態(tài)的添加職責(zé).
class?Component
{
public:
????Component(){}
????virtual?~Component(){}
????//?純虛函數(shù),由派生類實(shí)現(xiàn)
????virtual?void?Operation()?=?0;
};
//?抽象基類,維護(hù)一個(gè)指向Component對象的指針
class?Decorator
????:?public?Component
{
public:
????Decorator(Component*?pComponent)?:?m_pComponent(pComponent){}
????virtual?~Decorator();
protected:
????Component*?m_pComponent;
};
//?派生自Component,在這里表示需要給它動(dòng)態(tài)添加職責(zé)的類
class?ConcreateComponent
????:?public?Component
{
public:
????ConcreateComponent(){}
????virtual?~ConcreateComponent(){}
????virtual?void?Operation();
};
//?派生自Decorator,這里代表為ConcreateComponent動(dòng)態(tài)添加職責(zé)的類
class?ConcreateDecorator
????:?public?Decorator
{
public:
????ConcreateDecorator(Component*?pComponent)?:?Decorator(pComponent){}
????virtual?~ConcreateDecorator(){}
????virtual?void?Operation();
private:
????void?AddedBehavior();
};
#endif2)Decorator.cpp
/**//********************************************************************
????created:????2006/07/20
????filename:?????Decorator.cpp
????author:????????李創(chuàng)
????????????????http://m.shnenglu.com/converse/
????purpose:????Decorator模式的演示代碼
*********************************************************************/
#include?"Decorator.h"
#include?<iostream>
Decorator::~Decorator()
{
????delete?m_pComponent;
????m_pComponent?=?NULL;
}
void?ConcreateComponent::Operation()
{
????std::cout?<<?"Operation?of?ConcreateComponent\n";
}
void?ConcreateDecorator::Operation()
{
????m_pComponent->Operation();
????AddedBehavior();
}
void?ConcreateDecorator::AddedBehavior()
{
????std::cout?<<?"AddedBehavior?of?ConcreateDecorator\n";
} 3)Main.cpp
/**//********************************************************************
????created:????2006/07/20
????filename:?????Main.cpp
????author:????????李創(chuàng)
????????????????http://m.shnenglu.com/converse/
????purpose:????Decorator模式的測試代碼
*********************************************************************/
#include?"Decorator.h"
#include?<stdlib.h>
int?main()
{
????//?初始化一個(gè)Component對象
????Component*?pComponent?=?new?ConcreateComponent();
????//?采用這個(gè)Component對象去初始化一個(gè)Decorator對象,
????//?這樣就可以為這個(gè)Component對象動(dòng)態(tài)添加職責(zé)
????Decorator*?pDecorator?=?new?ConcreateDecorator(pComponent);
????pDecorator->Operation();
????delete?pDecorator;
????system("pause");
????return?0;
}