好久沒(méi)來(lái)寫點(diǎn)東西,最近鬼事還真是多，破項(xiàng)目搞的人煩死。帶隊(duì)的經(jīng)理說(shuō)給我們的要求是日代碼100行(核心代碼),懶了這么久，一下寫起來(lái)還真是累啊！
最近來(lái)了點(diǎn)勁頭,先寫上練的幾個(gè)例子
使用windows套接字的網(wǎng)絡(luò)小程序-------------------
1.Socket基本操作
(1)啟動(dòng)/終止
???? winsock在被調(diào)用時(shí)以動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接庫(kù)的形式實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以在它初始化時(shí)應(yīng)首先調(diào)用WSAStartup函數(shù)進(jìn)行初始化，同時(shí)確定被調(diào)用的winsock版本號(hào)等。
????//??加載套接字庫(kù)
????WORD?wVersionRequested;
????WSADATA?wsaData;
????wVersionRequested?=?MAKEWORD(?1,?1?);
????int?err?=?WSAStartup(?wVersionRequested,?&wsaData?);
????if?(?err?!=?0?)?{
????????/*?Tell?the?user?that?we?could?not?find?a?usable?*/
????????/*?WinSock?DLL.??????????????????????????????????*/
????????return?false;
????}
????if?(?LOBYTE(?wsaData.wVersion?)?!=?1?||
????????HIBYTE(?wsaData.wVersion?)?!=?1?)?{
????????????/*?Tell?the?user?that?we?could?not?find?a?usable?*/
????????????/*?WinSock?DLL.??????????????????????????????????*/
????????????WSACleanup(?);
????????????return?false;?
這里加載了1.1版本的socket。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信完成后，需要使用函數(shù)WSACleanup釋放資源。
(2)創(chuàng)建與綁定
套接字的創(chuàng)建非常簡(jiǎn)單，只需要調(diào)用socket即可。如下：
??? SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);//流式，TCP
SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);//數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)，UDP
使用bind函數(shù)可以將一個(gè)套接字綁定到一個(gè)地址上
int bind(SOCKET sock, const struct sockaddr* name, int len);//sockaddr是一個(gè)用來(lái)表示地
址信息的結(jié)構(gòu)
(3)偵聽(tīng)，接受連接與連接
listen, accept, connect這三個(gè)函數(shù)用于建立通信的連接。
int listen(SOCKET sock, int backlog);//scok必須是一個(gè)已經(jīng)綁定但是沒(méi)有連接的套接字，
backlog用于設(shè)定最大可以等待的連接長(zhǎng)度
成功調(diào)用listen函數(shù)后，就可以接受客戶機(jī)的連接了。
SOCKET accept(SOCKET sock, struct sockaddr* addr, int* addrlen);
到此一切就緒，當(dāng)客戶機(jī)想到連接時(shí)可以使用connect進(jìn)行連接。
(4)發(fā)送，連接
用于TCP的：
int send(SOCKET sock, const char* buf, int len, int flags);
??? int recv(SOCKET sock, char* buf, int len, int flags);
用于UDP的：
int sendto(SOCKET sock, const char* buf, int len, int flags,
const struct sockaddr* to, int tolen);
??? int recvfrom(SOCKET sock, char* buf, int len, int flags,
struct sockaddr* from, int formlen);
2.示例
兩個(gè)win32的控制臺(tái)程序，一個(gè)TcpSer，一個(gè)TcpClient。
為了使用socket需要包含頭文件<Winsock2.h>
TcpSer：
#include?<Winsock2.h>
#include?<iostream>
#include?<string>
using?namespace?std;
void?main()
{
????//加載套接字庫(kù)，版本1.1
????WORD?wVersionRequested;
????WSADATA?wsaData;
????int?err;
????wVersionRequested?=?MAKEWORD(?1,?1?);
????err?=?WSAStartup(?wVersionRequested,?&wsaData?);
????if?(?err?!=?0?)?{
????????/*?Tell?the?user?that?we?could?not?find?a?usable?*/
????????/*?WinSock?DLL.??????????????????????????????????*/
????????return;
????}
????if?(?LOBYTE(?wsaData.wVersion?)?!=?1?||
????????HIBYTE(?wsaData.wVersion?)?!=?1?)?{
????????????/*?Tell?the?user?that?we?could?not?find?a?usable?*/
????????????/*?WinSock?DLL.??????????????????????????????????*/
????????????WSACleanup(?);
????????????return;?
????}
????
????//創(chuàng)建套接字
????SOCKET?sockSer?=?socket(AF_INET,?SOCK_STREAM,?0);
??? //地址結(jié)構(gòu)體
????SOCKADDR_IN?addrSer;
????addrSer.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr??=?htonl(INADDR_ANY);
????addrSer.sin_family?=?AF_INET;
????addrSer.sin_port?=?htons(6000);
??? //綁定與監(jiān)聽(tīng)
????bind(sockSer,?(SOCKADDR*)&addrSer,?sizeof(SOCKADDR));
????listen(sockSer,?5);
????cout<<"Tcp?Server?Run!"<<endl;
????SOCKADDR_IN?addrClient;
????int?len?=?sizeof(SOCKADDR);
//收到連接請(qǐng)求，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新socket用于保持連接
????SOCKET?sockCon?=?accept(sockSer,?(SOCKADDR*)&addrClient,?&len);
????while(true)
????{
????????char?recBuf[100];
????????recv(sockCon,?recBuf,?100,?0);
????????cout<<"message?form?clinet?:?"<<recBuf<<endl;
????}
??? //清理工作
????closesocket(sockSer);
????WSACleanup();
}
TcpClient：
#include?<Winsock2.h>
#include?<iostream>
#include?<string>
using?namespace?std;
void?main()
{
????//加載套接字庫(kù)
????WORD?wVersionRequested;
????WSADATA?wsaData;
????int?err;
????wVersionRequested?=?MAKEWORD(?1,?1?);
????err?=?WSAStartup(?wVersionRequested,?&wsaData?);
????if?(?err?!=?0?)?{
????????/*?Tell?the?user?that?we?could?not?find?a?usable?*/
????????/*?WinSock?DLL.??????????????????????????????????*/
????????return;
????}
????if?(?LOBYTE(?wsaData.wVersion?)?!=?1?||
????????HIBYTE(?wsaData.wVersion?)?!=?1?)?{
????????????/*?Tell?the?user?that?we?could?not?find?a?usable?*/
????????????/*?WinSock?DLL.??????????????????????????????????*/
????????????WSACleanup(?);
????????????return;?
????}
????
????//創(chuàng)建套接字
????SOCKET?sockClient?=?socket(AF_INET,?SOCK_STREAM,?0);
????
????SOCKADDR_IN?addrSer;
????addrSer.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr??=?inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
????addrSer.sin_family?=?AF_INET;
????addrSer.sin_port?=?htons(6000);
????cout<<"enter?your?message:?";
????string?sendBuf;
????while(cin>>sendBuf)
????{
????????if(sendBuf?==?"q" ｜｜ sendBuf == "Q")
????????????break;
????????//連接服務(wù)器
????????connect(sockClient,?(SOCKADDR*)&addrSer,?sizeof(SOCKADDR));
????????send(sockClient,?sendBuf.c_str(),?sendBuf.length()+1,?0);
????????cout<<"enter?your?message:?";
????}
????//清理工作
????closesocket(sockClient);
????WSACleanup();
}
最后還要注意的就是：在VS下編譯時(shí)還要在項(xiàng)目屬性>配置屬性>鏈接器>命令行里加入附加選項(xiàng)ws2_32.lib
否則鏈接的時(shí)候找不到與socket相關(guān)的函數(shù)