锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>欧美三区视频,在线看不卡av,亚洲国产精品成人精品http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/category/11887.html鍦ㄤ竴鑸腑瀵繪眰鍗撹秺zh-cnThu, 21 Mar 2019 13:20:01 GMTThu, 21 Mar 2019 13:20:01 GMT60Win涓嬪畨瑁匔ygwin涓殑SSH鏈嶅姟http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2010/01/02/104641.htmlPrayerPrayerSat, 02 Jan 2010 04:45:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2010/01/02/104641.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/104641.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2010/01/02/104641.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/104641.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/104641.html
綆鍗曠殑璁茶堪涓涓媍ygwin鐨勫畨瑁呭拰閰嶇疆錛屽叆闂ㄧ駭鏁欑▼錛岃繕璇峰悇浣嶄竴浜屻?br>
棣栧厛鍒癶ttp://www.cygwin.com 涓嬭澆setup.exe?..exe鏀懼埌姝ょ洰褰曪紝

鐐瑰嚮榪愯錛孨ext->

閫塈nstall from Internet錛孨ext->

濉啓Root Directory錛屽X:\cygwin錛孨ext->

濉啓Local Package Directory錛屽X:\cygwin\ftp錛孨ext->

閫塂irect Connection錛孨ext->

閫変竴涓緝蹇殑ftp錛孨ext->

鍒頒簡鍏抽敭姝ラ錛屽鏋滀粎鎯沖畨瑁呭熀鏈郴緇燂紝鐩存帴Next錛涘鏋滄兂瀹屾暣瀹夎錛屽垯鐐瑰嚮All鏃佽竟鐨勬棆杞姸鍥炬爣錛屽皢Default鍒囨崲鑷矷nstall錛涘鏋滃拰鎴戜竴鏍鳳紝浠呮兂鍦ㄥ懡浠よ涓嬪啓鍐欑▼搴忥紝鍒欏彧瑕佸皢 gcc銆乵ake絳夊紑鍙戝伐鍏烽変笂錛岃繕鏈塷penssh絳夛紱閫夊ソ鍚庯紝Next->

寮濮嬩笅杞斤紝Take a coffee break銆傚洖鏉ュ悗錛孨ext->

閫夋嫨闇涓嶉渶瑕佸垱寤哄揩鎹鋒柟寮忋?>END

鐐瑰嚮蹇嵎鏂瑰紡鎴朮:\cygwin\cygwin.bat鎵撳紑鎺у埗鍙幫紝濡傛灉鏄煙鐢ㄦ埛錛屾寜鐓ф彁紺簃akepasswd鍜宮akegroup鍗沖彲銆備笅闈㈣涓浜涚畝鍗曠殑璋冩暣鍜岄厤緗?br>
涓銆乻sh鐨勫畨瑁?br>
cygwin鑷甫鐨勬帶鍒跺彴鍙皟鍙傛暟寰堝皯錛岃垝閫傚害杈冧綆銆傛湁娌℃湁鍔炴硶鐢ㄧ啛鎮(zhèn)夌殑putty鎴杝ecureCRT鏉ユ搷鎺ygwin鍛紵鍔炴硶鏈変簩:

1銆佺敤puttycyg銆俢ygwin bash shell鑳藉仛鐨勶紝puttycyg鍩烘湰涓婇兘鑳藉疄鐜幫紝鏈湴鎿嶄綔鐨勮瘽錛屾瀬鍔涙帹鑽愯繖嬈懼ソ杞歡銆?br>
2銆佸畨瑁卻shd錛岀劧鍚庢湰鏈虹櫥闄嗐傚鏋滃畨瑁呮椂宸查夋嫨openssh錛屾寜鐓т笅闈㈢殑鎿嶄綔緇х畫銆傚鏋滃繕浜嗗畨瑁咃紝鐐瑰嚮setup.exe錛岄変笂openssh錛屽啀瑁呬竴嬈″嵆鍙?br>
a銆佸彸閿?#8220;鎴戠殑鐢?shù)鑴?#8221;->灞炴?>楂樼駭->鐜鍙橀噺錛屽湪緋葷粺鐜鍙橀噺閲屾坊鍔犲彉閲廋YGWIN錛屽間負(fù)netsec tty錛岀劧鍚庡湪Path閲岃拷鍔燲:\cygwin\bin

b銆佹墦寮cygwin鎺у埗鍙幫紝杈撳叆ssh-host-config錛屼竴璺痽es錛屾彁紺篊YGWIN鍊兼椂錛岃緭鍏etsec tty

c銆佸惎鍔╯shd鏈嶅姟鐢? net start sshd 鎴?cygrunsrv --start sshd; 鍋滄sshd鏈嶅姟鐢?net stop sshd 鎴?cygrunsrv --stop sshd

d銆佺敤ssh yourname@127.0.0.1 鎴?ssh localhost鐧婚檰

e銆佽繕鍙互緇х畫瀹夎閰嶇疆sftp銆乻cp絳夛紝灝變笉緇嗚浜?br>
f銆佹瘡嬈¤緭鍏ュ瘑鐮佺櫥闄嗗お楹葷儲(chǔ)錛屽彲浠ョ敤key楠岃瘉: 鐢╬uttygen.exe鐢熷瓨瀵嗛挜瀵癸紝鐒跺悗鍦▇/涓嬶紝寤虹珛.ssh鐩綍錛屽垱寤篴uthorized_keys2鏂囦歡錛屽皢鍏挜澶嶅埗鍒拌繖涓枃浠訛紝鐒跺悗鍦╬utty閲屾寚瀹氱閽ョ櫥闄嗭紝涓鍔蟲案閫搞?br>
浜屻乿im鐨勭畝鍗曢厤緗?br>
灝哱usr\share\vim\vim64鐩綍涓嬬殑vimrc_example.vim澶嶅埗鍒皛/錛岄噸鍛藉悕涓篲vimrc錛?鎸夌収鑷繁鐨勫枩濂戒慨鏀歸噷闈㈢殑閰嶇疆鍗沖彲錛屽鎵撳紑楂樹寒錛岄夋嫨鍠滄鐨刢olorscheme

涓夈乧ygwin鐨勪腑鏂囨樉紺哄拰杈撳叆

璁゜ash鍛戒護(hù)琛屾敮鎸佷腑鏂囪緭鍏ワ紝vi ~/.inputrc錛屽皢涓嬮潰鍑犺鐨勬敞閲婂幓鎺?
set meta-flag on
set convert-meta off
set input-meta on
set output-meta on

璁﹍s鍛戒護(hù)鏀寔涓枃鏄劇ず錛寁i ~\.bashrc涓紝淇敼:
alias ls='ls -hF --show-control-chars --color=tty'

vim64鐨勮瘽錛屽凡緇忔敮鎸佷腑鏂囪緭鍏ャ?br>
鍥涖乻dcv鐨勫畨瑁呴厤緗?br>
鍧愬湪鐢?shù)鑴戝墠涔呬簡锛屽睆骞曞お浜Q岃緪灝勫ぇ錛屽韜綋涓嶅ソ銆傝兘涓嶈兘鍦ㄥ叏榛戠殑鍛藉悕琛屾ā寮忎笅宸ヤ綔鍜屽涔?fàn)鍛㈠Q焢utty鍙互寰堝ソ鐨勫叏灞忓箷鏄劇ず錛宻dcv鍒欏彲浠ヨ浣犲湪鍛戒護(hù)琛屾ā寮忔煡鎵懼崟璇嶃?br>
瀹夎: 鍒皊tardict涓婚〉涓嬭澆sdcv鍜屾兂瑕佺殑瀛楀吀錛岀紪璇戝畨瑁呭悗錛屽皢瀛楀吀瑙e帇錛屾斁鍒?usr/share/startdict/dic鐩綍

浣跨敤: sdcv word錛屽氨榪欎箞綆鍗曘傚皬鎶宸? 鍙互鍦▇/.bashrc閲宎lias sdld='sdcv -u langdao'絳夌瓑錛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ラ伩鍏嶈瘝鍏稿お澶氾紝鐩存帴sdld word灝卞彲浠ョ敤閮庨亾瀛楀吀鏌ヨ銆?br>
鎴戝湪榪滅▼W2k涓婅浜嗕竴鐐歸棶棰樹篃娌℃湁錛屽氨鍍忔槸涓鍙癓INUX鏈嶅姟鍣紝鍝堝搱錛岄氳繃鍛戒護(hù)琛岀鐞嗭紝鐖藉晩

Prayer 2010-01-02 12:45 鍙戣〃璇勮
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Cygwinhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2010/01/02/104640.htmlPrayerPrayerSat, 02 Jan 2010 04:33:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2010/01/02/104640.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/104640.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2010/01/02/104640.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/104640.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/104640.html cygwin鏄竴涓湪windows騫沖彴涓婅繍琛岀殑unix妯℃嫙鐜錛屾槸cygnus solutions鍏徃寮鍙戠殑鑷敱杞歡錛堣鍏徃寮鍙戜簡寰堝濂戒笢瑗匡紝钁楀悕鐨勮繕鏈塭Cos錛屼笉榪囩幇宸茶Redhat鏀惰喘錛夈傚畠瀵逛簬瀛︿範(fàn)unix/linux鎿嶄綔鐜錛屾垨鑰呬粠unix鍒皐indows鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕Щ妞嶏紝鎴栬呰繘琛屾煇浜涚壒孌婄殑寮鍙戝伐浣滐紝灝ゅ叾鏄嬌鐢╣nu宸ュ叿闆嗗湪windows涓婅繘琛屽祵鍏ュ紡緋葷粺寮鍙戯紝闈炲父鏈夌敤銆傞殢鐫宓屽叆寮忕郴緇熷紑鍙戝湪鍥藉唴鏃ユ笎嫻佽錛岃秺鏉ヨ秺澶氱殑寮鍙戣呭cygwin浜х敓浜嗗叴瓚c?br>
銆銆cygnus褰撳垵棣栧厛鎶奼cc錛実db錛実as絳夊紑鍙戝伐鍏瘋繘琛屼簡鏀硅繘錛屼嬌浠栦滑鑳藉鐢熸垚騫惰В閲妛in32鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠躲傜劧鍚庯紝浠栦滑瑕佹妸榪欎簺宸ュ叿縐繪鍒皐indows騫沖彴涓婂幓銆備竴縐嶆柟妗堟槸鍩轟簬win32 api瀵硅繖浜涘伐鍏風(fēng)殑婧愪唬鐮佽繘琛屽ぇ騫呬慨鏀癸紝榪欐牱鍋氭樉鐒墮渶瑕佸ぇ閲忓伐浣溿傚洜姝わ紝浠栦滑閲囧彇浜嗕竴縐嶄笉鍚岀殑鏂規(guī)硶鈥斺斾粬浠啓浜嗕竴涓叡浜簱(灝辨槸cygwin dll)錛屾妸win32 api涓病鏈夌殑unix椋庢牸鐨勮皟鐢紙濡俧ork,spawn,signals,select,sockets絳夛級(jí)灝佽鍦ㄩ噷闈紝涔熷氨鏄錛屼粬浠熀浜巜in32 api鍐欎簡涓涓猽nix緋葷粺搴撶殑妯℃嫙灞傘傝繖鏍鳳紝鍙鎶婅繖浜涘伐鍏風(fēng)殑婧愪唬鐮佸拰榪欎釜鍏變韓搴撹繛鎺ュ埌涓璧鳳紝灝卞彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╱nix涓繪満涓婄殑浜ゅ弶緙栬瘧鍣ㄦ潵鐢熸垚鍙互鍦╳indows騫沖彴涓婅繍琛岀殑宸ュ叿闆嗐備互榪欎簺縐繪鍒皐indows騫沖彴涓婄殑寮鍙戝伐鍏蜂負(fù)鍩虹錛宑ygnus鍙堥愭鎶婂叾浠栫殑宸ュ叿錛堝嚑涔庝笉闇瑕佸婧愪唬鐮佽繘琛屼慨鏀癸紝鍙渶瑕佷慨鏀逛粬浠殑閰嶇疆鑴氭湰錛夎蔣浠剁Щ妞嶅埌windows涓婃潵銆傝繖鏍鳳紝鍦╳indows騫沖彴涓婅繍琛宐ash鍜屽紑鍙戝伐鍏楓佺敤鎴峰伐鍏鳳紝鎰熻濂藉儚鍦╱nix涓婂伐浣溿?br>
銆銆鍏充簬cygwin瀹炵幇鐨勬洿璇︾粏鎻忚堪錛岃鍙傝僪ttp://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/highlights.html.

Prayer 2010-01-02 12:33 鍙戣〃璇勮
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淇敼Linux涓繪満鍚?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/31/104506.html</link><dc:creator>Prayer</dc:creator><author>Prayer</author><pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2009 16:04:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/31/104506.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/104506.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/31/104506.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/104506.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/104506.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">hostname鍛戒護(hù)鍙槸涓存椂鏀瑰姩涓繪満鍚嶏紝閲嶅惎鍚庝富鏈哄悕榪樻槸鎭㈠鎴愬師鏉ョ殑銆?</p> <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">瑕佹兂姘鎬箙鏇存敼涓繪満鍚嶏紝闇瑕佷慨鏀?etc/sysconfig/network 鏂囦歡銆?</p> <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">vi  /etc/sysconfig/network錛屼慨鏀笻OSTNAME涓琛屼負(fù) "HOSTNAME=涓繪満鍚? </p> <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">濡傦細(xì) </p> <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">HOSTNAME=linuxserver </p> <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">GATEWAY=10.16.255.254 </p> <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">(娌℃湁榪欒錛熼偅灝辨坊鍔犺繖涓琛屽惂)錛岀劧鍚庤繍琛屽懡浠?"hostname 涓繪満鍚?銆?/p> <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">涓鑸繕瑕佷慨鏀?etc/hosts鏂囦歡涓殑涓繪満鍚嶃?</p> <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">榪欐牱錛屾棤璁轟綘鏄惁閲嶅惎錛屼富鏈哄悕閮戒慨鏀規(guī)垚鍔熴?/p> <img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/aggbug/104506.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/" target="_blank">Prayer</a> 2009-12-31 00:04 <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/31/104506.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Linux涓繪満鍚岺ostname璇﹁В http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/31/104505.htmlPrayerPrayerWed, 30 Dec 2009 16:03:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/31/104505.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/104505.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/31/104505.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/104505.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/104505.html銆?浠涔堟槸涓繪満鍚嶏細(xì)

銆銆鏃犺鍦ㄥ眬鍩熺綉榪樻槸INTERNET涓婏紝姣忓彴涓繪満閮芥湁涓涓狪P鍦板潃錛屾槸涓轟簡鍖哄垎姝ゅ彴涓繪満鍜屽郊鍙頒富鏈猴紝涔熷氨鏄IP鍦板潃灝辨槸涓繪満鐨勯棬鐗屽彿銆備絾IP鍦板潃涓嶆柟渚胯蹇嗭紝鎵浠ュ張鏈変簡鍩熷悕銆傚煙鍚嶅彧鏄湪鍏綉錛圛NtERNET)涓瓨鍦?浠ュ疄楠屼負(fù)鐩殑鐨勫眬鍩熺綉鍩熺綉瀹為獙鎬ч櫎澶栵級(jí)錛屾瘡涓煙鍚嶉兘瀵瑰簲涓涓狪P鍦板潃錛屼絾涓涓?IP鍦板潃鍙湁瀵瑰簲澶氫釜鍩熷悕銆傚煙鍚嶇被鍨?linuxsir.org 榪欐牱鐨勶紱

銆銆涓繪満鍚嶆槸鐢ㄤ簬浠涔堢殑鍛紵鍦ㄤ竴涓眬鍩熺綉涓紝姣忓彴鏈哄櫒閮芥湁涓涓富鏈哄悕錛岀敤浜庝富鏈轟笌涓繪満涔嬮棿鐨勪究浜庡尯鍒嗭紝灝卞彲浠ヤ負(fù)姣忓彴鏈哄櫒璁劇疆涓繪満鍚嶏紝浠ヤ究浜庝互瀹規(guī)槗璁板繂鐨勬柟娉曟潵鐩鎬簰璁塊棶銆傛瘮濡傛垜浠湪灞鍩熺綉涓彲浠ヤ負(fù)鏍規(guī)嵁姣忓彴鏈哄櫒鐨勫姛鐢ㄦ潵涓哄叾鍛藉悕銆?/p>

銆銆涓繪満鍚嶇浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?etc/hosts;

銆銆2. 涓繪満鍚嶉厤緗枃浠訛紱

銆銆涓繪満鍚嶇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡澶у鏄?etc/hosts 錛?/p>

銆銆hosts - The static table lookup for host name錛堜富鏈哄悕鏌ヨ闈欐佽〃錛夛紱

銆銆鐢變簬 Linux 鍙戣鐗堟湰浼楀錛屼笌涓繪満鍚嶇浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏈夋椂涔熸湁鎵涓嶅悓銆傜幇鍦ㄦ垜浠璇村父瑙佺増鏈殑涓繪満鍚嶉厤緗枃浠訛紱

銆銆2.1 涓繪満鍚嶉厤緗枃浠?/etc/hosts瑙h錛?/p>

銆銆Fedora/Redhat 鎴栦互Fedora/Redhat涓哄熀紜鎵撳寘鐨勫彂琛岀増錛屼富鏈哄悕閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏄?/etc/hosts

銆銆Debian鎴栦互Debian涓哄熀紜鎵撳寘鐨勫彂琛岀増錛屼富鏈哄悕閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏄?/etc/hostname 鍜?etc/hosts

銆銆Slackware鐨勪富鏈哄悕閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏄?/etc/hosts

銆銆閭f垜浠潵璇昏 /etc/hosts鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鐪嬭繖涓枃浠舵槸鐢ㄦ潵鍋氫粈涔堢殑銆俬osts 閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏄敤鏉ユ妸涓繪満鍚嶅瓧鏄犲皠鍒癐P鍦板潃鐨勬柟娉曪紝榪欑鏂規(guī)硶姣旇緝綆鍗曘備絾榪欑鏄犲皠鍙槸鏈湴鏈虹殑鏄犲皠錛屼篃灝辨槸璇存瘡鍙版満鍣ㄩ兘鏄嫭绔嬬殑錛屾墍鏈夌殑璁$畻鏈洪兘涓嶈兘鐩鎬簰閫氳繃hostname鏉ヨ闂?/p>

銆銆娉細(xì)鍦╠ebian 涓繕鏈変竴涓?etc/hostname鐨勬枃浠訛紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡灝辨槸鐩存帴鎶婃湰鍦頒富鏈哄悕鍐欒繘鍘誨氨琛屼簡錛屼絾瑕佸拰 /etc/hosts涓殑鏈湴涓繪満鍚嶄繚鎸佷竴鑷淬?/p>

銆銆/etc/hosts 鐨勫唴瀹逛竴鑸湁濡備笅綾諱技鍐呭錛?/p>

銆銆127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

銆銆192.168.1.195 debian.localdomain debian

銆銆娉細(xì)

銆銆涓鑸儏鍐典笅hosts鐨勫唴瀹瑰叧浜庝富鏈哄悕(hostname)鐨勫畾涔夛紝姣忚涓轟竴涓富鏈猴紝姣忚鐢變笁閮ㄤ喚緇勬垚錛屾瘡涓儴浠界敱絀烘牸闅斿紑銆傚叾涓?鍙峰紑澶寸殑琛屽仛璇存槑錛屼笉琚郴緇熻В閲娿?/p>

銆銆絎竴閮ㄤ喚錛氱綉緇淚P鍦板潃錛?/p>

銆銆絎簩閮ㄤ喚錛氫富鏈哄悕.鍩熷悕錛屾敞鎰忎富鏈哄悕鍜屽煙鍚嶄箣闂存湁涓崐瑙掔殑鐐癸紝姣斿 localhost.localdomain

銆銆絎簩閮ㄤ喚錛氫富鏈哄悕(涓繪満鍚嶅埆鍚嶏級(jí) 錛屽叾瀹炲氨鏄富鏈哄悕錛?/p>

銆銆褰撶劧姣忚涔熷彲浠ユ槸涓ら儴浠斤紝灝辨槸涓繪満IP鍦板潃鍜屼富鏈哄悕錛涙瘮濡?192.168.1.195 debian

銆銆127.0.0.1 鏄洖鐜湴鍧錛屾瘮濡傛垜浠笉鎯寵灞鍩熺綉鐨勫叾瀹冩満鍣ㄧ湅鍒版垜浠祴璇曠殑緗戠粶紼嬪簭錛屽氨鍙互鐢ㄥ洖鐜湴鍧鏉ユ祴璇曘?/p>

銆銆涓轟粈涔堥渶瑕佸畾涔夊煙鍚嶅憿錛熷叾瀹炵悊瑙d篃綆鍗曪紝姣斿鎴戜滑鏈変笁鍙頒富鏈猴紝姣忓彴鍋氫笉鍚岀殑浜嬶紝涓鍙板仛MAIL鏈嶅姟鍣紝涓鍙板仛FTP鏈嶅姟鍣紝涓鍙板仛SMB鏈嶅姟鍣紝鎵浠ユ垜浠氨鍙互榪欐牱鏉ヨ璁ostname錛?/p>

銆銆127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

銆銆192.168.1.2 ftp.localdomain ftp

銆銆192.168.1.3 mail.localdomain mail

銆銆192.168.1.4 smb.localdomin smb

銆銆鎶婅繖涓婇潰榪欎釜閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹瑰垎鍒啓鍏ユ瘡鍙版満鍣ㄧ殑/etc/hosts鍐呭涓紝榪欐牱榪欎笁鍙板眬鍩熺綉鐨勬満鍣ㄥ氨鍙互閫氳繃hostname鏉ヨ闂簡銆?/p>

銆銆2.2 涓繪満鍚?hostname)鍜屽煙鍚?Domain錛夌殑鍖哄埆錛?/p>

銆銆涓繪満鍚嶅氨鏈哄櫒鏈韓鐨勫悕瀛楋紝鍩熷悕鏄敤鏉ヨВ鏋愬埌IP鐨勩備絾鍊煎緱涓璇寸殑鏄湪灞鍩熺綉涓紝涓繪満鍚嶄篃鏄彲浠ヨВ鏋愬埌IP涓婄殑錛涙瘮濡傛垜浠墠闈㈡墍璇翠婦鐨勪緥瀛愶紱

銆銆2.3 灞鍩熺綉鐨勬満鍣紝涓嶈兘閫氳繃涓繪満鍚嶄簰璁跨殑鍘熷洜錛?/p>

銆銆鏈夌殑寮熷厔鍙兘浼?xì)璇村Q屾垜鐨刪ostname褰兼涓嶈兘浜掕錛屽叾瀹炶繖涔熼棶棰樹篃綆鍗曪紝鎴戜滑鍓嶉潰宸茬粡鎻愬埌浜嗕竴涓畝鍗曠殑瑙e喅鍔炴硶銆傚氨鏄璁╁眬鍩熺綉涓殑鎵鏈変富鏈洪兘鏈変竴涓氱敤鐨勶紝騫朵笖鍖呭惈鎵鏈変富鏈虹殑/etc/hosts鏂囦歡錛?/p>

銆銆鍙︿竴涓槸鍋氳В鍐沖姙娉曟槸鍋氬眬鍩熺綉DNS鏈嶅姟鍣紝濡傛灉鎮(zhèn)ㄧ殑涓繪満鐗瑰埆灝戯紝灝辯敤鍓嶉潰鎵璇寸殑綆鍗曟柟娉曞氨琛岋紱濡備綍鍋欴NS鏈嶅姟鍣紝鎴戝皢鍦ㄤ互鍚庣殑鏂囨。涓笓棰樹粙緇嶏紱涓嶈繃鎴戝煎緱涓鎻愮殑鏄仛浠諱綍鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ兘鏄互鏁堢巼浼樺厛鐨勫師鍒欎負(fù)鍩虹銆傛瘮濡傛垜浠湪灞鍩熺綉涓袱鍙版満鍣紝鎴戜滑榪樻湁蹇呰鍋欴NS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ悧錛熸棤璁烘庝箞瑙e喅錛屾渶緇堢殑閮芥槸鐢ㄦ渶鏈夋晥鐜囩殑鍔炴硶瑙e喅闂錛涙垜浠笉鑳借鏄嶥NS澶氶珮綰с傚鏋淒NS鏄負(fù)澶栫綉鏈嶅姟鐨勶紝閭e氨鍙﹁浜嗭紝涓嶅仛涔熷緱鍋氥傚涓嶅錛?/p>

銆銆3銆佷富鏈哄悕淇敼宸ュ叿 hostname;

銆銆鍏跺疄涓繪満鍚嶇殑淇敼涔熸湁涓撶敤宸ュ叿錛屽氨鏄痟ostname 錛涙垜璁や負(fù)濡傛灉鐢ㄨ繖涓伐鍏鋒潵淇敼涓繪満鍚嶏紝涓嶅鐩存帴淇敼 /etc/hosts 鏉ョ殑鏂逛究錛涙?zhèn)ㄥ彲浠ユ煡鐪?hosname 鈥斺攈elp鎴?man hostname鐨勫府鍔?銆傚湪榪欓噷鎴戜滑鍙綆鍗曠殑鐢ㄦ硶錛?/p>

銆銆hostname 宸ュ叿鏄敤鏉ユ樉紺哄拰璁劇疆緋葷粺涓繪満鍚嶏紝鐪嬩笅闈㈢殑媧嬫枃錛?/p>

銆銆hostname - show or set the system‘s host name

銆銆涓句緥瑙h錛?/p>

銆銆錛?鏄劇ず涓繪満鍚嶏細(xì)

銆銆[root@linuxsir01 ~]# hostname

銆銆linuxsir01

銆銆姝や富鏈虹殑涓繪満鍚嶆槸linuxsir01錛屼笉鍔犲弬鏁版槸鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず褰撳墠鎿嶄綔鐨勪富鏈虹殑涓繪満鍚嶏紱

銆銆錛?涓存椂璁劇疆涓繪満鍚嶏細(xì)

銆銆鎴戜滑鍙互鐢?hostname 鍚庢帴涓繪満鍚嶏紝榪欐牱灝卞彲浠ヨ緗綋鍓嶆搷浣滅殑涓繪満鐨勪富鏈哄悕錛屾瘮濡傛垜浠兂鎶婁富鏈哄悕璁劇疆涓簂inuxsir02錛?/p>

銆銆[root@linuxsir01 ~]# hostname linuxsir02

銆銆[root@linuxsir01 ~]# hostname 娉細(xì)鏄劇ず涓繪満鍚?/p>

銆銆linuxsir02

銆銆閫氳繃hostname 宸ュ叿鏉ヨ緗富鏈哄悕鍙槸涓存椂鐨勶紝涓嬫閲嶅惎緋葷粺鏃訛紝姝や富鏈哄悕灝嗕笉浼?xì)瀛樺湪锛涙墍浠ユ?zhèn)ㄦ兂淇敼涓绘満鍚嶅Q屾兂涓鐩存湁鏁堢殑錛岃繕鏄敤鍓嶉潰鎵璇翠慨鏀逛富鏈哄悕閰嶇疆鏂囦歡 /etc/hosts錛?/p>

銆銆錛?鏄劇ず涓繪満IP錛?/p>

銆銆鏄劇ず褰撳墠涓繪満鍚嶇殑IP錛屽彲浠ョ敤-i鍙傛暟錛?/p>

銆銆[root@linuxsir01 ~]# hostname -i

銆銆192.168.1.3

銆銆4銆佹湰鏂囨湭灝戒簨瀹滐紱

銆銆鏈夋椂鎴戜滑鍦ㄧ櫥鍏ユ闈㈡椂錛屼細(xì)鎻愮ず鎵句笉鍒癶ostname 錛岃繖鏃舵?zhèn)ㄨ鍋氱殑鏄慨鏀?etc/hosts錛屼負(fù)鎮(zhèn)ㄧ殑鏈哄櫒娣誨姞涓涓富鏈哄悕錛涘厛鐢?ifconfig -a 鏉ユ煡鐪嬩富鏈虹殑IP鍦板潃錛岀劧鍚庢妸浣犱富鏈虹殑IP鍦板潃錛屾寚瀹氫富鏈哄悕銆?/p>

 

鎬庢牱淇敼Linux鐨刪ostname

Linux鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨刪ostname鏄竴涓猭ernel鍙橀噺錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃hostname鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ煡鐪嬫湰鏈虹殑hostname銆備篃鍙互鐩存帴cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname鏌ョ湅銆?/p>

#hostname
#cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname

涓婇潰涓ょ杈撳嚭緇撴灉鐩稿悓銆?/p>

淇敼榪愯鏃禠inux緋葷粺鐨刪ostname錛屽嵆涓嶉渶瑕侀噸鍚郴緇?/strong>
hostname鍛戒護(hù)鍙互璁劇疆緋葷粺鐨刪ostname

#hostname newname

newname鍗寵璁劇疆鐨勬柊鐨刪ostname錛岃繍琛屽悗绔嬪嵆鐢熸晥錛屼絾鏄湪緋葷粺閲嶅惎鍚庝細(xì)涓㈠け鎵鍋氱殑淇敼錛屽鏋滆姘鎬箙鏇存敼緋葷粺鐨刪ostname錛屽氨瑕佷慨鏀圭浉鍏崇殑璁劇疆鏂囦歡銆?/p>

姘鎬箙鏇存敼Linux鐨刪ostname

man hostname閲屾湁榪欎箞涓鍙ヨ瘽錛?#8221;The host name is usually set once at system startup in /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1 or /etc/init.d/boot (normally by reading the contents of a file which contains the host name, e.g. /etc/hostname).” RedHat閲屾病鏈夎繖涓枃浠訛紝鑰屾槸鐢?etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit榪欎釜鑴氭湰璐熻矗璁劇疆緋葷粺鐨刪ostname錛屽畠璇誨彇 /etc/sysconfig/network榪欎釜鏂囨湰鏂囦歡錛孯edHat鐨刪ostname灝辨槸鍦ㄨ繖涓枃浠墮噷璁劇疆銆?/p>

鎵浠ワ紝濡傛灉瑕佹案涔呬慨鏀筊edHat鐨刪ostname錛屽氨淇敼/etc/sysconfig/network鏂囦歡錛屽皢閲岄潰鐨凥OSTNAME榪欎竴琛屼慨鏀規(guī)垚HOSTNAME=NEWNAME錛屽叾涓璑EWNAME灝辨槸浣犺璁劇疆鐨刪ostname銆?/p>

Debian鍙戣鐗堢殑hostname鐨勯厤緗枃浠舵槸/etc/hostname銆?/p>

淇閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鍚庯紝閲嶅惎緋葷粺灝變細(xì)璇誨彇閰嶇疆鏂囦歡璁劇疆鏂扮殑hostname銆?/p>

hostname涓?etc/hosts鐨勫叧緋?

寰堣繃浜轟竴鎻愬埌鏇存敼hostname棣栧厛灝辨兂鍒頒慨鏀?etc/hosts鏂囦歡錛岃涓篽ostname鐨勯厤緗枃浠跺氨鏄?etc/hosts銆傚叾瀹炰笉鏄殑銆?/p>

hosts鏂囦歡鐨勪綔鐢ㄧ浉褰撳DNS錛屾彁渚汭P鍦板潃鍒癶ostname鐨勫搴斻傛棭鏈熺殑浜掕仈緗戣綆楁満灝戯紝鍗曟満hosts鏂囦歡閲岃凍澶熷瓨鏀炬墍鏈夎仈緗戣綆楁満銆備笉榪囬殢鐫浜掕仈緗戠殑鍙戝睍錛岃繖灝辮繙榪滀笉澶熶簡銆備簬鏄氨鍑虹幇浜嗗垎甯冨紡鐨凞NS緋葷粺銆傜敱DNS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ潵鎻愪緵綾諱技鐨処P鍦板潃鍒板煙鍚嶇殑瀵瑰簲銆傚叿浣撳彲浠an hosts銆?/p>

Linux緋葷粺鍦ㄥ悜DNS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ彂鍑哄煙鍚嶈В鏋愯姹備箣鍓嶄細(xì)鏌ヨ/etc/hosts鏂囦歡錛屽鏋滈噷闈㈡湁鐩稿簲鐨勮褰曪紝灝變細(xì)浣跨敤hosts閲岄潰鐨勮褰曘?etc/hosts鏂囦歡閫氬父閲岄潰鍖呭惈榪欎竴鏉¤褰?/p>

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

hosts鏂囦歡鏍煎紡鏄竴琛屼竴鏉¤褰曪紝鍒嗗埆鏄疘P鍦板潃 hostname aliases錛屼笁鑰呯敤絀虹櫧瀛楃鍒嗛殧錛宎liases鍙夈?/p>

127.0.0.1鍒發(fā)ocalhost榪欎竴鏉″緩璁笉瑕佷慨鏀癸紝鍥犱負(fù)寰堝搴旂敤紼嬪簭浼?xì)鐢ㄥ埌杩欎釜锛屾瘮濡俿endmail錛屼慨鏀逛箣鍚庤繖浜涚▼搴忓彲鑳藉氨鏃犳硶姝e父榪愯銆?/p>

淇敼hostname鍚庯紝濡傛灉鎯寵鍦ㄦ湰鏈轟笂鐢╪ewhostname鏉ヨ闂紝灝卞繀欏誨湪/etc/hosts鏂囦歡閲屾坊鍔犱竴鏉ewhostname鐨勮褰曘傛瘮濡傛垜鐨別th0鐨処P鏄?92.168.1.61錛屾垜灝唄osts鏂囦歡淇敼濡備笅錛?/p>

#hostname blog.infernor.net
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.1.61 blog.infernor.net blog

榪欐牱錛屾垜灝卞彲浠ラ氳繃blog鎴栬卋log.infernor.net鏉ヨ闂湰鏈恒?/p>

浠庝笂闈㈣繖浜涙潵鐪嬶紝/etc/hosts浜庤緗甴ostname鏄病鐩存帴鍏崇郴鐨勶紝浠呬粎褰撲綘瑕佸湪鏈満涓婄敤鏂扮殑hostname鏉ヨ闂嚜宸辯殑鏃跺欐墠浼?xì)鐢ㄥ?etc/hosts鏂囦歡銆備袱鑰呮病鏈夊繀鐒剁殑鑱旂郴銆?/p>

RHEL榪樻湁涓棶棰樸?/p>

鎴戝紑濮嬪湪嫻嬭瘯鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍙慨鏀?etc/hosts錛岄噷闈㈡坊鍔?192.168.1.61 blog.infernor.net blog錛岃?etc/sysconfig/network緇存寔鍘熺姸錛屼篃灝辨槸閲岄潰鐨凥OSTNAME=localhost.localdomain銆傛垜閲嶅惎緋葷粺鍚庡眳鐒跺彂鐜癶ostname緇欎慨鏀規(guī)垚浜哹log.infernor.net銆傝繖鏍風(fēng)湅鐨勮瘽錛屽掔湡瑙夊緱/etc/hosts鏄痟ostname鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲傚悗鏉ョ粓浜庡湪/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit榪欎釜鍚姩鑴氭湰閲屽彂鐜頒簡闂鐨勬墍鍦ㄣ?/p>

rc.sysinit鏂囦歡閲屼竴寮濮嬪氨璁劇疆浜唄ostname

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/network
fi
if [ -z "$HOSTNAME" -o "$HOSTNAME" = "(none)" ]; then
HOSTNAME=localhost
fi

紜疄浣跨敤浜?etc/sysconfig/network閲岀殑hostname鍊箋備笉榪囧悗闈㈣繕鏈変竴孌靛叧浜庤緗甴ostname鐨?/p>

ipaddr=
if [ "$HOSTNAME" = "localhost" -o "$HOSTNAME" = "localhost.localdomain" ]
; then
ipaddr=$(ip addr show to 0/0 scope global | awk '/[[:space:]]inet
/ { print gensub("/.*","","g",$2) }')
if [ -n "$ipaddr" ]; then
eval $(ipcalc -h $ipaddr 2>/dev/null)
hostname ${HOSTNAME}
fi
fi

鑴氭湰鍒ゆ柇h(huán)ostname鏄惁涓簂ocalhost鎴栬卨ocalhost.localdomain錛屽鏋滄槸鐨勮瘽錛屽皢浼?xì)鋴社敤鎺ュ彛IP鍦板潃瀵瑰簲鐨?hostname鏉ラ噸鏂拌緗郴緇熺殑hostname銆傞棶棰樺氨鍑哄湪榪欓噷錛屾垜鐨?etc/sysconfig/network榛樿鐨刪ostname鏄?localhost.localdomain錛宔th0鐨処P鏄?92.168.1.61錛岃?etc/hosts閲屾湁192.168.1.61鐨勮褰曘備簬鏄氨鐢?92.168.1.61榪欐潯璁板綍鏉ユ浛鎹簡hostname銆?/p>

浼拌榪欎篃鏄緢澶氫漢灝?etc/hosts璇互涓烘槸hostname鐨勯厤緗枃浠剁殑鍘熷洜銆?/p>

hostname甯﹂夐」鏌ヨ

hostname鐨?s -f -i絳夌瓑閫夐」閮界敤鍒頒簡/etc/hosts鎴栬匘NS緋葷粺錛岃窡鎴戜滑璁ㄨ鐨刪ostname鏈夌偣榪滀簡錛屼篃瀹規(guī)槗浜х敓璇細(xì)銆傚叿浣撳彲浠an hostname鏌ョ湅銆?/p>

Prayer 2009-12-31 00:03 鍙戣〃璇勮
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鏄劇ず鏂囦歡涓殑鎺у埗瀛楃http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/22/103737.htmlPrayerPrayerTue, 22 Dec 2009 15:24:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/22/103737.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/103737.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/22/103737.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/103737.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/103737.html鎺у埗瀛楃

sed -n '1,$l' filename
$鍚庨潰璺熶簡涓涓瓧姣峫錛岀敤鏉ユ樉紺烘墍鏈夌殑鎺у埗瀛楃銆?

Prayer 2009-12-22 23:24 鍙戣〃璇勮
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綆鍗曡屾湁鐢ㄧ殑nohup鍛戒護(hù)浠嬬粛http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/22/103733.htmlPrayerPrayerTue, 22 Dec 2009 14:07:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/22/103733.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/103733.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/22/103733.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/103733.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/103733.html綆鍗曡屾湁鐢ㄧ殑nohup鍛戒護(hù)鍦║NIX/LINUX涓紝鏅氳繘紼嬬敤&絎﹀彿鏀懼埌鍚庡彴榪愯錛屽亣濡傚惎鍔ㄨ紼嬪簭鐨勬帶鍒跺彴l(fā)ogout錛屽垯璇ヨ繘紼嬮殢鍗崇粓姝€?

 

瑕佸疄鐜板畧鎶よ繘紼嬶紝涓縐嶆柟娉曟槸鎸夊畧鎶よ繘紼嬬殑瑙勫垯鍘葷紪紼嬶紙鏈珯鏈夋枃绔犱粙緇嶈繃錛夛紝姣旇緝楹葷儲(chǔ)錛涘彟涓縐嶆柟娉曟槸浠嶇劧鐢ㄦ櫘閫氭柟娉曠紪紼嬶紝鐒跺悗鐢╪ohup鍛戒護(hù)鍚姩紼嬪簭錛?

 

nohup錛滅▼搴忓悕錛?amp;

 

鍒欐帶鍒跺彴l(fā)ogout鍚庯紝榪涚▼浠嶇劧緇х畫榪愯錛岃搗鍒板畧鎶よ繘紼嬬殑浣滅敤錛堣櫧鐒跺畠涓嶆槸涓ユ牸鎰忎箟涓婄殑瀹堟姢榪涚▼錛夈?

 

浣跨敤nohup鍛戒護(hù)鍚庯紝鍘熺▼搴忕殑鐨勬爣鍑嗚緭鍑鴻鑷姩鏀瑰悜鍒板綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鐨刵ohup.out鏂囦歡錛岃搗鍒頒簡log鐨勪綔鐢紝瀹炵幇浜嗗畬鏁寸殑瀹堟姢榪涚▼鍔熻兘銆?

ygwu @ 2005騫?4鏈?8鏃?涓婂崍10:03

For example錛?

 

濡備綍榪滅▼鍚姩WebLogic鏈嶅姟?

 

鐢╰elnet榪滅▼鎺у埗鏈嶅姟鍣紝榪滅▼鍚姩WEBLOGIC鏈嶅姟錛屽惎鍔ㄥ悗鍏抽棴telnet錛學(xué)ebLogic鏈嶅姟涔熻窡鐫鍋滄錛岃繖鏄洜涓轟嬌鐢╰elnet鍚姩鐨勮繘紼嬩細(xì)闅忕潃telnet榪涚▼鐨勫叧闂屽叧闂傛墍浠ユ垜浠彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄤ竴浜沀NIX涓嬬殑鍛戒護(hù)鏉ュ仛鍒頒笉鍏抽棴銆?

 

浣跨敤濡備笅鍛戒護(hù)錛?

nohup startWeblogic.sh&

鍋囧鎯寵鐩戞帶鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鍙互浣跨敤錛?

tail -f nohup.out

 

褰撳湪鍚庡彴榪愯浜嗙▼搴忕殑鏃跺欙紝鍙互鐢╦obs鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ煡鐪嬪悗鍙頒綔涓氱殑鐘舵併傚湪鏈夊涓悗鍙扮▼搴忔椂錛岃浣跨敤鏉ュ弬鏁扮殑fg鍛戒護(hù)灝嗕笉鍚屽簭鍙風(fēng)殑鍚庡彴浣滀笟鍒囨崲鍒板墠鍙頒笂榪愯銆?

 

褰撶敤鎴峰惎鍔ㄤ竴涓繘紼嬬殑鏃跺欙紝榪欎釜榪涚▼鏄繍琛屽湪鍓嶅彴錛屼嬌鐢ㄤ笌鐩稿簲鎺у埗緇堢鐩歌仈緋葷殑鏍囧噯杈撳叆銆佽緭鍑鴻繘琛岃緭鍏ュ拰杈撳嚭銆傚嵆浣垮皢榪涚▼鐨勮緭鍏ヨ緭鍑洪噸瀹氬悜錛屽茍灝嗚繘紼嬫斁鍦ㄥ悗鍙版墽琛岋紝榪涚▼浠嶇劧鍜屽綋鍓嶇粓绔澶囨湁鍏崇郴銆傛鍥犱負(fù)濡傛錛屽湪褰撳墠鐨勭櫥褰曚細(xì)璇濈粨鏉熸椂錛屾帶鍒剁粓绔澶囧皢鍜岀櫥褰曡繘紼嬬浉鑴辯錛岄偅涔堢郴緇熷氨鍚戞墍鏈変笌榪欎釜緇堢鐩歌仈緋葷殑榪涚▼鍙戦丼IGHUP鐨勪俊鍙鳳紝閫氱煡榪涚▼綰胯礬宸茬粡鎸傝搗浜嗭紝鍋囧紼嬪簭娌℃湁鎺ョ榪欎釜淇″彿鐨勫鐞嗭紝閭d箞緙虹渷鐨勫弽搴旀槸榪涚▼緇撴潫銆傚洜姝ゆ櫘閫氱殑紼嬪簭騫朵笉鑳界湡姝h劚紱葷櫥褰曚細(xì)璇濊岃繍琛岃繘紼嬶紝涓轟簡浣垮緱鍦ㄧ郴緇熺櫥褰曞悗榪樺彲浠ユ甯告墽琛岋紝鍙湁浣跨敤鍛戒護(hù)nohup鏉ュ惎鍔ㄧ浉搴旂▼搴忋?/p>


浣跨敤鍛戒護(hù)nohup褰撶劧鍙互鍚姩榪欐牱鐨勭▼搴忥紝浣唍ohup鍚姩鐨勭▼搴忓湪榪涚▼鎵ц瀹屾瘯灝遍鍑猴紝鑰屽父瑙佺殑涓浜涙湇鍔¤繘紼嬮氬父姘鎬箙鐨勮繍琛屽湪鍚庡彴錛屼笉鍚戝睆騫曡緭鍑虹粨鏋溿傚湪Unix涓繖浜涙案涔呯殑鍚庡彴榪涚▼縐頒負(fù)瀹堟姢榪涚▼錛坉aemon錛夈傚畧鎶よ繘紼嬮氬父浠庣郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂鑷姩寮濮嬫墽琛岋紝緋葷粺鍏抽棴鏃舵墠鍋滄銆?

 

鍦ㄥ畧鎶よ繘紼嬩腑錛屾渶閲嶈鐨勪竴涓槸瓚呯駭瀹堟姢榪涚▼inetd錛岃繖涓繘紼嬫帴綆′簡澶ч儴鍒嗙綉緇滄湇鍔★紝浣嗗茍涓嶆槸瀵規(guī)瘡涓湇鍔¢兘鑷繁榪涜澶勭悊錛岃屾槸渚濇嵁榪炴帴璇鋒眰錛屽惎鍔ㄤ笉鍚岀殑鏈嶅姟紼嬪簭涓庡鎴鋒満鎵撲氦閬撱俰netd鏀寔緗戠粶鏈嶅姟縐嶇被鍦ㄥ畠鐨勮緗枃浠?etc/inet.conf涓畾涔夈俰net.conf鏂囦歡涓殑姣忎竴琛屽氨瀵瑰簲涓涓鍙e湴鍧錛屽綋inetd鎺ュ彈鍒拌繛鎺ヨ繖涓鍙g殑榪炴帴璇鋒眰鏃訛紝灝卞惎鍔ㄧ浉搴旂殑榪涚▼榪涜澶勭悊銆備嬌鐢╥netd鐨勫ソ澶勬槸緋葷粺涓嶅繀鍚姩寰堝瀹堟姢榪涚▼錛屼粠鑰岃妭綰︿簡緋葷粺璧勬簮錛岀劧鑰屼嬌鐢╥netd鍚姩瀹堟姢榪涚▼鐩稿簲鍙嶅簲浼?xì)杩熅~撲竴浜涳紝涓嶉傚悎鐢ㄤ簬琚瘑闆嗚闂殑鏈嶅姟榪涚▼銆?/p>


 



Prayer 2009-12-22 22:07 鍙戣〃璇勮
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ps 涓嶆樉紺哄垹闄ゅ洖澶嶆樉紺烘墍鏈夊洖澶嶆樉紺烘槦綰у洖澶嶆樉紺哄緱鍒嗗洖澶?璇烽棶ps鍛戒護(hù)鏌ュ嚭鏉ョ殑rss/vsz/size鍒嗗埆鏄綍鍚箟http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/17/103394.htmlPrayerPrayerThu, 17 Dec 2009 05:40:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/17/103394.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/103394.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/17/103394.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/103394.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/103394.htmlRSS: "Resident Set Size", 瀹為檯椹葷暀"鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹腑"鐨勫唴瀛樻暟. 涓嶅寘鎷凡緇忎氦鎹㈠嚭鍘葷殑浠g爜. 涓句竴涓緥瀛? 濡傛灉浣犳湁涓涓▼搴忎嬌鐢ㄤ簡100K鍐呭瓨, 鎿嶄綔緋葷粺浜ゆ崲鍑?0K鍐呭瓨, 閭d箞RSS涓?0K. RSS榪樺寘鎷簡涓庡叾瀹冭繘紼嬪叡浜殑鍐呭瓨鍖哄煙. 榪欎簺鍖哄煙閫氬父鐢ㄤ簬libc搴撶瓑.
SHARE: RSS涓笌鍏跺畠榪涚▼鍏變韓鐨勫唴瀛橀儴鍒嗗ぇ灝?
VMSIZE: 涓涓繘紼嬪崰鐢ㄧ殑鎬葷殑鍦板潃絀洪棿澶у皬. 瀹冨寘鎷簡娌℃湁鏄犲皠鍒板唴瀛樹腑鐨勯〉闈€?
sz錛圥rivate RSS錛? 鏄犲皠鍒板唴瀛樹腑鐨勯〉闈? 榪欎簺欏甸潰浠呯敱榪涚▼鍗曠嫭浣跨敤. 榪欎篃鏄垜浠渶鍏沖績鍦版柟: 榪涚▼瀹為檯鍗犵敤鐨勫唴瀛樻暟銆?


rss        RSS      resident set size, the non-swapped physical memory that a task has used (in kiloBytes). (alias rssize, rsz).


vsz        VSZ      virtual memory size of the process in KiB (1024-byte units). Device mappings are currently excluded; this is subject
                    to change. (alias vsize).


size      SZ      approximate amount of swap space that would be required if the process were to dirty all writable pages and then be
                    swapped out. This number is very rough!


sz        SZ      size in physical pages of the core image of the process. This includes text, data, and stack space. Device mappings
                    are currently excluded; this is subject to change. See vsz and rss.

Prayer 2009-12-17 13:40 鍙戣〃璇勮
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Aix鍛戒護(hù)錛氬垪鍑轟嬌鐢ㄥ唴瀛樺拰Cpu鍓嶅嚑浣嶇殑榪涚▼http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/17/103390.htmlPrayerPrayerThu, 17 Dec 2009 05:25:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/17/103390.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/103390.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/12/17/103390.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/103390.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/103390.html銆銆# ps aux |head -1 ;ps aux |sort -rn +2 |head -10

銆銆錛?錛夋樉紺?0涓秷鑰楀唴瀛樻渶澶氱殑榪涚▼

銆銆#ps vx |head -1 ;ps vx |grep -v PID |sort -rn +6 |head -10

銆銆錛?錛夋樉紺?0涓崲欏墊渶澶氱殑榪涚▼

銆銆#ps vx |head -1 ;ps vx |grep -v PID |sort -rn +4 |head -10

銆銆錛?錛夋樉紺?0涓秷鑰楀瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂存渶澶氱殑榪涚▼

銆銆#ps aux |head -1 ;ps aux |sort -rn +3 |head -10


濡備綍鐩戞帶榪涚▼鐨勫唴瀛樹嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐碉紙AIX錛?br />

AIX鐩戞帶榪涚▼鍐呭瓨浣跨敤鐨勫伐鍏鋒瘮杈冨錛屼釜浜鴻寰楁瘮杈冩柟渚跨殑鏈塶mon,svmon錛屽叾涓璼vmon鏄疉IX鑷甫鐨勫伐鍏鳳紝

闇瑕乺oot鏉冮檺鎵ц錛屽彲浠ョ洃鎺ц繘紼嬭緇嗗唴瀛樹嬌鐢ㄤ俊鎭紝濡傦細(xì)

svmon -P pid(瑕佺洃鎺х殑榪涚▼PID) -i 1 (姣忕鍒鋒柊涓嬈?  |grep  pid 


 

 

AIX涓嬭繘紼嬪唴瀛樺垎鏋?br />AIX涓嬪彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╬s v宸ュ叿鎴栬卻vmon宸ュ叿鏉ュ垎鏋愯繘紼嬪唴瀛樸俻s v鍛戒護(hù)鏄痯s鍛戒護(hù)鐨勪竴涓伐
鍏鳳紝瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄痸涔嬪墠涓嶈鍔?#8221;-“銆俻s v宸ュ叿鍦ㄤ換浣旳IX鎿嶄綔緋葷粺涓嬮兘鍙互浣跨敤銆傛瘮
濡傦細(xì)

# ps -lfp 13288
  F      S    UID   PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR    SZ  WCHAN STIME  TTY TIME CMD
  240001 A oracle 13288    1 0  60 20 1ba2f 34032       Nov 03   - 0:06
ora_pmon_DEV

  # ps v 13288
    PID TTY STAT TIME PGIN SIZE   RSS   LIM  TSIZ   TRS %CPU %MEM  COMMAND
  13288   - A    0:08  225 5616 13904 32768 28420 13512  0.0  1.0
ora_pmon_DEV



浠巔s鍛戒護(hù)鐪嬪埌sz鏄?4M銆傝岀敤ps v鍛戒護(hù)鍙互鐪嬪埌rss鏄?3904錛孴RS鏄?3512銆傝繘紼嬩嬌鐢ㄧ殑
鍐呭瓨鏄疪SS-TRS=392K(ps v鐪嬪埌鐨勫唴瀛樺崟浣嶆槸K)銆?br />

鐢╯vmon鍙互鐪嬪埌鏇村鐨勪俊鎭紝鍏剁粨鏋滃拰ps v鏄竴鑷寸殑銆傛瘮濡傦細(xì)

#svmon -P 23288
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
     Pid Command     Inuse   Pin   Pgsp Virtual   64-bit    Mthrd
   23288 ora_pmon_V8    29598     1451      182     16560        N        N
  Vsid Esid Type Description           Inuse       Pin Pgsp Virtual   Addr
Range
  1781    3 work shmat/mmap            11824         0    0 11824
0..24700
  1761    1 pers code,large file /dev   9681         0    -     -
0..9680
     0    0 work kernel seg             3982      1450  182  3390
0..21804 :
 
65474..65535
 18018    d work shared library text    2852         0    0   158
0..65535
  4764    2 work process private        1127         1    0  1127
0..1182 :
 
65307..65535
  f74f    f work shared library data      81         0    0    61
0..1291
 1e59e    - pers large file /dev/lv00     33         0    -     -      0..32
  e58e    - pers large file /dev/lv00     16         0    -     -      0..82
  b74b    - pers large file /dev/lv00      1         0    -     -      0..0
  3703    - pers large file /dev/lv00      1         0    -     -      0..0


#ps v 23288
   PID    TTY STAT  TIME PGIN  SIZE   RSS   LIM  TSIZ   TRS %CPU %MEM
COMMAND
 23288      - A     0:00    0  4752 43556 32768 27289 38724  0.0  5.0
ora_pmon_V8



瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝svmon鏄劇ず鐨勫唴瀛橀兘鏄互Page涓哄崟浣嶇殑錛孉IX涓嬶紝姣忎釜欏典負(fù)4K銆?br />閫氳繃work process private鐨剉irtual澶у皬鍜寃ork shared library data鐨剉irtual澶у皬
鐨勫拰ps v鐨凷IZE鏄畬鍏ㄤ竴鑷寸殑錛?br />4752K=(1127錛?1)×4K
鑰孯SS鐨勫唴瀹圭浉褰撲簬linux欏圭洰鐨刾rivate working-storage segments鍔犱笂pers code鍜?br />shared library data銆?br />43556K錛濓紙1127 + 9681 + 81錛?4K
TRS灝辨槸INUSE欏圭洰鐨刾ers code:
38724K=9681*4K
 



Prayer 2009-12-17 13:25 鍙戣〃璇勮
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AIX涓璸s鍛戒護(hù)涓埌搴曠敤涓嶇敤鈥?鈥濓紵http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/11/12/100777.htmlPrayerPrayerThu, 12 Nov 2009 02:26:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/11/12/100777.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/100777.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/11/12/100777.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/100777.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/100777.html

    鎴戝彂鐜板緢澶氱帺AIX濂藉騫寸殑浜洪兘鎼炰笉娓卲s鍛戒護(hù)涓殑閭d釜“-”錛屽埌搴曟槸搴旇鐢╬s -elf銆乸s aux鍛紵榪樻槸搴旇鐢╬s elf銆乸s -aux鍛紵

 

 

    鍏?man涓涓媝s 鐪嬬湅鍚э紝浣犱細(xì)鍙戠幇AIX涓嬬殑ps鍛戒護(hù)鏈変袱縐嶈娉曟牸寮忥細(xì)涓縐嶅彨X/Open鏍囧噯錛屼竴縐嶅彨Berkeley鏍囧噯銆?br>ps Command

Purpose

Shows current status of processes.

Syntax

X/Open Standards

ps [ -A ] [ -N ] [ -a ] [ -d ] [ -e ] [ -f ] [ -k ] [ -l ] [ -F format] [ -o
Format ] [ -c Clist ] [ -G Glist ] [ -g Glist ] [ -m ] [ -n NameList ] [ -p
Plist ] [ -t Tlist ] [ -U Ulist ] [ -u Ulist ]

Berkeley Standards

ps [ a ] [ c ] [ e ] [ ew ] [ eww ] [ g ] [ n ] [ U ] [ w ] [ x ] [ l | s | u |
v ] [ t Tty ] [ ProcessNumber ]

    鐜板湪浣犱細(xì)鐭ラ亾ps -elf銆乸s aux鏄紜殑鍐欐硶錛岃宲s elf銆乸s -aux鑷劧灝辨槸閿欒鐨勪簡銆傝繖鍏跺疄鏄釜寰堝鏄撹蹇借鐨勫皬闂錛屾墍浠ュ緢澶氫漢鐜〢IX鐨勪漢鎬繪槸鎼為敊銆傛垜鎺ヨЕAIX涔嬪墠錛屾伆濂藉榪囦竴绔椂闂寸殑SOLARIS錛屾墍浠ヤ竴寮濮嬪氨娉ㄦ剰鍒頒簡榪欎釜緇嗚妭銆係OLARIS涔熸湁涓や釜鐗堟湰鐨刾s錛屼竴涓槸榛樿鐨凷ystem V 鐗堟湰錛屽錛?usr/bin/ps -elf錛涗竴涓槸闈為粯璁ょ殑BSD鐗堟湰錛屽錛?usr/ucb/ps -aux銆?/p>

    BSD鐨勬剰鎬濈浉淇″ぇ瀹墮兘鐭ラ亾錛屾槸Berkeley Software Distribution錛堝反鍏嬪埄杞歡鍙戣鐗堬級(jí)鐨勭緝鍐欍傞偅ucb鏄粈涔堟剰鎬濆憿錛熷叾瀹炴槸
University of California, Berkeley 錛堝姞宸炲ぇ瀛﹀反鍏嬪埄鍒嗘牎錛夌殑緙╁啓銆傜湅錛岃繖涓や釜閮芥槸緙╁啓閲?閮芥湁Berkeley銆傚ソ浜嗭紝璇寸殑榪欓噷錛屾垜鐪嬪氨娌″繀瑕佺戶緇啀緗楀棪涓嬪幓浜嗐傜敤GOOGLE鎼滀竴涓?#8220;UNIX鍘嗗彶”銆?#8220;University of California, Berkeley”銆?#8220;System V”榪欎簺鍏抽敭瀛楋紝鐩鎬俊INTERNET涓婃湁寰堝璇︾粏璇存槑瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鍏崇郴鐨勬枃绔犮傜煡閬撶偣鍎縐NIX鐨勫巻鍙詫紝鍏跺疄鏄歡寰堟湁瓚g殑浜嬫儏銆?/p>

    鑷充簬AIX鐨刴an涓彁鍒扮殑“X/Open鏍囧噯”鍜?#8220;System V 鐗堟湰”鏄粈涔堝叧緋伙紝鎴戜篃涓嶇煡閬擄紝涔熸噿寰楁悶娓呮浜嗭紝鎯沖繀瀹冧滑涔嬮棿涓瀹氭槸鏈夎仈緋葷殑銆傚鏋滀綘鎯崇煡閬撶粏鎯咃紝閭h繕鏄敤GOOGLE鎼滃惂錛屽懙鍛點(diǎn)?/p>

    鏈鍚庢葷粨涓涓婣IX涓璸s鍛戒護(hù)錛屼綘鍙璁頒袱涓懡浠ゅ氨濂戒簡鈥斺攑s -elf鍜宲s aux銆俻s -elf鏄疭ystem V椋庢牸錛屽悓SOLARIS鐨刾s -elf錛沺s aux鏄疊SD椋庢牸錛屽悓SOLARIS鐨?usr/ucb/ps -aux錛屼及璁INUX鍜孎REEBSD閮界敤aux鍙傛暟銆傚彟澶栵紝鎴戠殑緇忛獙鏄細(xì)ps 鐨勫叾瀹冨弬鏁伴兘涓嶆槸寰堝父鐢紝鍙姝昏浣忚繖涓ょ粍鍙傛暟錛屽繀瑕佺殑鏃跺欎細(xì)媧葷敤鎴恜s -el銆乸s -e銆乸s ax涔嬬被鐨勫氨澶熶簡銆傚綋鐒朵綘榪樿鐔熸?zhèn)変竴涓嬭繖涓ょ粍鍙傛暟鐨勫懡浠よ緭鍑轟腑鐨勬瘡涓鍒楃殑鍚箟錛岃繖涓湪man閲岄兘鏈夊啓鐨勶紝鎴戜篃灝變笉澶氳浜嗐?/p>


Prayer 2009-11-12 10:26 鍙戣〃璇勮
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linux鐢ㄦ埛鏉冮檺鐨勭鐞?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97101.html</link><dc:creator>Prayer</dc:creator><author>Prayer</author><pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2009 02:13:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97101.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/97101.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97101.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/97101.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/97101.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[鍦↙inux鎿嶄綔緋葷粺涓紝root鐨勬潈闄愭槸鏈楂樼殑錛屼篃琚О涓鴻秴綰ф潈闄愮殑鎷ユ湁鑰呫傛櫘閫氱敤鎴鋒棤娉曟墽琛岀殑鎿嶄綔錛宺oot鐢ㄦ埛閮借兘瀹屾垚錛屾墍浠ヤ篃琚О涔嬩負(fù)瓚呯駭綆$悊鐢ㄦ埛銆?br><br>鍦?緋葷粺涓紝姣忎釜鏂囦歡銆佺洰褰曞拰榪涚▼錛岄兘褰掑睘浜庢煇涓涓敤鎴鳳紝娌℃湁鐢ㄦ埛璁稿彲鍏跺畠鏅氱敤鎴鋒槸鏃犳硶鎿嶄綔鐨勶紝浣嗗root闄ゅ銆俽oot鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭壒鏉冩ц繕琛ㄧ幇鍦╮oot鍙?浠ヨ秴瓚婁換浣曠敤鎴峰拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勬潵瀵規(guī)枃浠舵垨鐩綍榪涜璇誨彇銆佷慨鏀規(guī)垨鍒犻櫎錛堝湪緋葷粺姝e父鐨勮鍙寖鍥村唴錛夛紱瀵瑰彲鎵ц紼嬪簭鐨勬墽琛屻佺粓姝紱瀵圭‖浠惰澶囩殑娣誨姞銆佸垱寤哄拰縐婚櫎絳夛紱涔?鍙互瀵規(guī)枃浠跺拰鐩綍榪涜灞炰富鍜屾潈闄愯繘琛屼慨鏀癸紝浠ラ傚悎緋葷粺綆$悊鐨勯渶瑕侊紙鍥犱負(fù)root鏄郴緇熶腑鏉冮檺鏈楂樼殑鐗規(guī)潈鐢ㄦ埛錛夛紱<br><br>涓銆佸瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛鍜屾櫘閫氱敤鎴風(fēng)殑鐞嗚В錛?br><br>1銆佷粈涔堟槸瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛錛?br><br>鍦?鎵鏈塋inux緋葷粺涓紝緋葷粺閮芥槸閫氳繃UID鏉ュ尯鍒嗙敤鎴鋒潈闄愮駭鍒殑錛岃孶ID涓?鐨勭敤鎴瘋緋葷粺綰﹀畾涓烘槸鍏鋒湁瓚呯駭鏉冮檺銆傝秴綰х敤鎴峰叿鏈夊湪緋葷粺綰﹀畾鐨勬渶楂樻潈闄愭弧鍥?鍐呮搷浣滐紝鎵浠ヨ瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛鍙互瀹屾垚緋葷粺綆$悊鐨勬墍鏈夊伐鍏鳳紱鎴戜滑鍙互閫氳繃/etc/passwd 鏉ユ煡寰桿ID涓?鐨勭敤鎴鋒槸root錛岃屼笖鍙湁root瀵瑰簲鐨刄ID涓?錛屼粠榪欎竴鐐規(guī)潵鐪嬶紝root鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑鏄棤鍙浛浠g殑鑷抽珮鍦頒綅鍜屾棤闄愬埗鏉冮檺銆俽oot 鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑灝辨槸瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛錛?br><br>2銆佺悊瑙?UID 鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀵瑰簲鍏崇郴<br><br>褰撶郴緇熼粯璁ゅ畨瑁呮椂錛岀郴緇熺敤鎴峰拰UID 鏄竴瀵逛竴鐨勫鍏崇郴錛屼篃灝辨槸璇翠竴涓猆ID 瀵瑰簲涓涓敤鎴楓傛垜浠煡閬撶敤鎴瘋韓浠芥槸閫氳繃UID 鏉ョ‘璁ょ殑錛屾垜浠湪 銆婄敤鎴鳳紙user錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夐厤緗枃浠惰瑙c嬩腑鐨刄ID 鐨勮В璇翠腑鏈夎皥鍒?UID 鏄‘璁ょ敤鎴鋒潈闄愮殑鏍囪瘑錛岀敤鎴風(fēng)櫥褰曠郴緇熸墍澶勭殑瑙掕壊鏄氳繃UID 鏉ュ疄鐜扮殑錛岃岄潪鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶏紱鎶婂嚑涓敤鎴峰叡鐢ㄤ竴涓猆ID 鏄嵄闄╃殑錛屾瘮濡傛垜浠妸鏅氱敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID 鏀逛負(fù)0錛屽拰root鍏辯敤涓涓猆ID 錛岃繖浜嬪疄涓婂氨閫犳垚浜嗙郴緇熺鐞嗘潈闄愮殑娣蜂貢銆傚鏋滄垜浠兂鐢╮oot鏉冮檺錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃su鎴杝udo鏉ュ疄鐜幫紱鍒囦笉鍙殢鎰忚涓涓敤鎴峰拰root鍒嗕韓鍚屼竴涓猆ID 錛?<br><br>鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑錛岃兘涓嶈兘璁︰ID 鍜岀敤鎴鋒槸涓瀵瑰鐨勫叧緋伙紵鏄彲浠ョ殑錛屾瘮濡傛垜浠彲浠ユ妸涓涓猆ID涓?榪欎釜鍊煎垎閰嶇粰鍑犱釜鐢ㄦ埛鍏卞悓浣跨敤錛岃繖灝辨槸UID 鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)殑涓瀵瑰鐨勫叧緋匯備絾榪欐牱鍋氱殑紜湁鐐瑰嵄闄╋紱鐩稿悓UID鐨勭敤鎴峰叿鏈夌浉鍚岀殑韜喚鍜屾潈闄愩傛瘮濡傛垜浠湪緋葷粺涓妸beinan榪欎釜鏅氱敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID鏀逛負(fù)0鍚庯紝浜?瀹炰笂榪欎釜鏅氱敤鎴峰氨鍏鋒湁浜嗚秴綰ф潈闄愶紝浠栫殑鑳藉姏鍜屾潈闄愬拰root鐢ㄦ埛涓鏍鳳紱鐢ㄦ埛beinan鎵鏈夌殑鎿嶄綔閮藉皢琚爣璇嗕負(fù)root鐨勬搷浣滐紝鍥犱負(fù)beinan鐨?UID涓?,鑰孶ID涓?鐨勭敤鎴鋒槸root 錛屾槸涓嶆槸鏈夌偣鎵板彛錛熶篃鍙互鐞嗚В涓篣ID涓?鐨勭敤鎴峰氨鏄痳oot 錛宺oot鐢ㄦ埛鐨刄ID灝辨槸0錛?br><br>UID鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)殑涓瀵逛竴鐨勫搴斿叧緋?錛屽彧鏄姹傜鐞嗗憳榪涜緋葷粺綆$悊鏃訛紝鎵瑕佸潥瀹堢殑鍑嗗垯錛屽洜涓虹郴緇熷畨鍏ㄨ繕鏄涓浣嶇殑銆傛墍浠ユ垜浠繕鏄妸瓚呯駭鏉冮檺淇濈暀緇檙oot榪欏敮涓鐨勭敤鎴鋒槸鏈濂界殑閫夋嫨錛?br><br>濡傛灉鎴戜滑涓嶆妸UID鐨?鍊肩殑鍒嗕韓緇欏叾瀹冪敤鎴蜂嬌鐢紝鍙湁root鐢ㄦ埛鏄敮涓鎷ユ湁UID=0鐨勮瘽錛宺oot鐢ㄦ埛灝辨槸鍞竴鐨勮秴綰ф潈闄愮敤鎴鳳紱<br><br>3銆佹櫘閫氱敤鎴峰拰浼鐢ㄦ埛<br><br>涓?瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛鐩稿鐨勫氨鏄櫘閫氱敤鎴峰拰铏氭嫙錛堜篃琚О涓轟吉瑁呯敤鎴鳳級(jí)錛屾櫘閫氬拰浼鐢ㄦ埛閮芥槸鍙楅檺鐢ㄦ埛錛涗絾涓轟簡瀹屾垚鐗瑰畾鐨勪換鍔★紝鏅氱敤鎴峰拰浼鐢ㄦ埛涔熸槸蹇呴』鐨勶紱Linux 鏄竴涓鐢ㄦ埛銆佸浠誨姟鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇燂紝澶氱敤鎴蜂富瑕佷綋鐜板湪鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮鑹茬殑澶氭牱鎬э紝涓嶅悓鐨勭敤鎴鋒墍鍒嗛厤鐨勬潈闄愪篃涓嶅悓錛涜繖涔熸槸Linux緋葷粺姣擶indows緋葷粺鏇翠負(fù)瀹?鍏ㄧ殑鏈川鎵鍦紝鍗充嬌鏄幇鍦ㄦ渶鏂扮増鏈殑Windows 2003 錛屼篃鏃犳硶鎶瑰幓鍏跺崟鐢ㄦ埛緋葷粺鐨勭儥鍗幫紱<br><br>浜? 瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛錛堟潈闄愶級(jí)鍦ㄧ郴緇熺鐞嗕腑鐨勪綔鐢?br><br>瓚呯駭鏉冮檺鐢ㄦ埛錛圲ID涓?鐨勭敤鎴鳳級(jí)鍒板簳鍦ㄧ郴緇熺鐞嗕腑璧蜂粈涔堜綔鐢ㄥ憿錛熶富瑕佽〃鐜板湪浠ヤ笅涓ょ偣錛?br><br>1銆佸浠諱綍鏂囦歡銆佺洰褰曟垨榪涚▼榪涜鎿嶄綔錛?br><br>浣嗗煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸榪欑鎿嶄綔鏄湪緋葷粺鏈楂樿鍙寖鍥村唴鐨勬搷浣滐紱鏈変簺鎿嶄綔灝辨槸鍏鋒湁瓚呯駭鏉冮檺鐨剅oot涔熸棤娉曞畬鎴愶紱<br><br>姣斿/proc 鐩綍錛?proc 鏄敤鏉ュ弽搴旂郴緇熻繍琛岀殑瀹炴椂鐘舵佷俊鎭殑錛屽洜姝ゅ嵆渚挎槸root涔熸棤鑳戒負(fù)鍔涳紱瀹冪殑鏉冮檺濡備笅<br><br>[root@localhost ~]# pwd<br>/root<br>[root@localhost ~]# cd /<br>[root@localhost /]# ls -ld /proc/<br>dr-xr-xr-x 134 root root 0 2005-10-27 /proc/<br><br>灝辨槸榪欎釜鐩綍錛屽彧鑳芥槸璇誨拰鎵ц鏉冮檺錛屼絾緇濆娌℃湁鍐欐潈闄愮殑錛涘氨鏄垜浠妸/proc 鐩綍鐨勫啓鏉冮檺鎵撳紑緇檙oot錛宺oot鐢ㄦ埛涔熸槸涓嶈兘榪涜鍐欐搷浣滐紱<br><br>[root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 /proc <br>[root@localhost /]# ls -ld /proc/<br>drwxr-xr-x 134 root root 0 2005-10-27 /proc/<br>[root@localhost /]# cd /proc/<br>[root@localhost proc]# mkdir testdir<br>mkdir: 鏃犳硶鍒涘緩鐩綍?testdir?: 娌℃湁閭d釜鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?br><br>2銆佸浜庢秹鍙?qiáng)绯痪l熷叏灞鐨勭郴緇熺鐞嗭紱<br><br>紜歡綆$悊銆佹枃浠剁郴緇熺悊瑙c佺敤鎴風(fēng)鐞嗕互鍙?qiáng)娑夊強(qiáng)鍒扮殑绯痪l熷叏灞閰嶇疆絳夌瓑......濡傛灉鎮(zhèn)ㄦ墽琛屾煇涓懡浠ゆ垨宸ュ叿鏃訛紝鎻愮ず鎮(zhèn)ㄦ棤鏉冮檺錛屽ぇ澶氭槸闇瑕佽秴綰ф潈闄愭潵瀹屾垚錛?br><br>姣斿鐢╝dduser鏉ユ坊鍔犵敤鎴鳳紝榪欎釜鍙兘鐢ㄩ氳繃瓚呯駭鏉冮檺鐨勭敤鎴鋒潵瀹屾垚錛?br><br>3銆佽秴綰ф潈闄愮殑涓嶅彲鏇夸唬鎬э紱<br><br>鐢?浜庤秴綰ф潈闄愬湪緋葷粺綆$悊涓殑涓嶅彲緙哄皯鐨勯噸瑕佷綔鐢紝涓轟簡瀹屾垚緋葷粺綆$悊浠誨姟錛屾垜浠繀欏葷敤鍒拌秴綰ф潈闄愶紱鍦ㄤ竴鑸儏鍐典笅錛屼負(fù)浜嗙郴緇熷畨鍏紝瀵逛簬涓鑸父瑙勭駭鍒殑搴旂敤錛屼笉闇 瑕乺oot鐢ㄦ埛鏉ユ搷浣滃畬鎴愶紝root鐢ㄦ埛鍙槸琚敤鏉ョ鐞嗗拰緇存姢緋葷粺涔嬬敤錛涙瘮濡傜郴緇熸棩蹇楃殑鏌ョ湅銆佹竻鐞嗭紝鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬坊鍔犲拰鍒犻櫎......<br><br>鍦ㄤ笉娑夊強(qiáng)緋葷粺綆$悊鐨勫伐浣滅殑鐜涓嬶紝鏅氱敤鎴瘋凍鍙互瀹屾垚錛屾瘮濡傜紪鍐欎竴涓枃浠訛紝鍚惉闊充箰錛涚敤gimp 澶勭悊涓涓?span>鍥劇墖</span>絳?..... 鍩轟簬鏅氬簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑璋冪敤錛屽ぇ澶氭櫘閫氱敤鎴峰氨鍙互瀹屾垚錛?br><br>褰撴垜浠互鏅氭潈闄愮殑鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍緋葷粺鏃訛紝鏈変簺緋葷粺閰嶇疆鍙?qiáng)绯痪l熺鐞嗗繀欏婚氳繃瓚呯駭鏉冮檺鐢ㄦ埛瀹屾垚錛屾瘮濡傚緋葷粺鏃ュ織鐨勭鐞嗭紝娣誨姞鍜屽垹闄ょ敤鎴楓傝屽浣曟墠鑳戒笉鐩存帴浠oot鐧誨綍錛屽嵈鑳戒粠鏅氱敤鎴峰垏鎹㈠埌root鐢ㄦ埛涓嬫墠鑳借繘琛屾搷浣滅郴緇熺鐞嗛渶瑕佺殑宸ヤ綔錛岃繖灝辨秹鍙?qiáng)鍒碍憛珩旀潈闄惤帯鐞嗙殑闂锛?br><br>鑾峰彇瓚呯駭鏉冮檺鐨勮繃紼嬶紝灝辨槸鍒囨崲鏅氱敤鎴瘋韓浠藉埌瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛韜喚鐨勮繃紼嬶紱榪欎釜榪囩▼涓昏鏄氳繃su鍜宻udo 鏉ヨВ鍐籌紱<br><br>涓夈佷嬌鐢?su 鍛戒護(hù)涓存椂鍒囨崲鐢ㄦ埛韜喚錛?br><br>1銆乻u 鐨勯傜敤鏉′歡鍜屽▉鍔?br><br>su 鍛戒護(hù)灝辨槸鍒囨崲鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫伐鍏鳳紝鎬庝箞鐞嗚В鍛紵姣斿鎴戜滑浠ユ櫘閫氱敤鎴穊einan鐧誨綍鐨勶紝浣嗚娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛浠誨姟錛屾墽琛寀seradd 錛宐einan鐢ㄦ埛娌℃湁榪欎釜鏉冮檺錛岃岃繖涓潈闄愭伆鎭扮敱root鎵鎷ユ湁銆傝В鍐沖姙娉曟棤娉曟湁涓や釜錛屼竴鏄鍑篵einan鐢ㄦ埛錛岄噸鏂頒互root鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍錛屼絾榪欑鍔炴硶 騫朵笉鏄渶濂界殑錛涗簩鏄垜浠病鏈夊繀瑕侀鍑篵einan鐢ㄦ埛錛屽彲浠ョ敤su鏉ュ垏鎹㈠埌root涓嬭繘琛屾坊鍔犵敤鎴風(fēng)殑宸ヤ綔錛岀瓑浠誨姟瀹屾垚鍚庡啀閫鍑簉oot銆傛垜浠彲浠ョ湅鍒板綋鐒?閫氳繃su 鍒囨崲鏄竴縐嶆瘮杈冨ソ鐨勫姙娉曪紱<br><br>閫氳繃su鍙互鍦ㄧ敤鎴蜂箣闂村垏鎹紝濡傛灉瓚呯駭鏉冮檺鐢ㄦ埛root鍚戞櫘閫氭垨铏氭嫙鐢ㄦ埛鍒囨崲涓嶉渶瑕佸瘑鐮侊紝浠涔堟槸鏉冨姏錛熻繖灝辨槸錛佽屾櫘閫氱敤鎴峰垏鎹㈠埌鍏跺畠浠諱綍鐢ㄦ埛閮介渶瑕佸瘑鐮侀獙璇侊紱<br><br>2銆乻u 鐨勭敤娉曪細(xì)<br><br>su [OPTION閫夐」鍙傛暟] [鐢ㄦ埛] <br><br>??-, -l, --login 鐧誨綍騫舵敼鍙樺埌鎵鍒囨崲鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)幆澧冿紱<br>??-c, --commmand=COMMAND 鎵ц涓涓懡浠わ紝鐒跺悗閫鍑烘墍鍒囨崲鍒扮殑鐢ㄦ埛鐜錛?br><br>鑷充簬鏇磋緇嗙殑錛岃鍙傜湅man su 錛?br><br>3銆乻u 鐨勮寖渚嬶細(xì)<br><br>su 鍦ㄤ笉鍔犱換浣曞弬鏁幫紝榛樿涓哄垏鎹㈠埌root鐢ㄦ埛錛屼絾娌℃湁杞埌root鐢ㄦ埛瀹剁洰褰曚笅錛屼篃灝辨槸璇磋繖鏃惰櫧鐒舵槸鍒囨崲涓簉oot鐢ㄦ埛浜嗭紝浣嗗茍娌℃湁鏀瑰彉root鐧誨綍鐜錛涚敤鎴烽粯璁ょ殑鐧誨綍鐜錛屽彲浠ュ湪/etc/passwd 涓煡寰楀埌錛屽寘鎷鐩綍錛孲HELL瀹氫箟絳夛紱<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ su<br>Password:<br>[root@localhost beinan]# pwd<br>/<span>home</span>/beinan<br><br>su 鍔犲弬鏁?- 錛岃〃紺洪粯璁ゅ垏鎹㈠埌root鐢ㄦ埛錛屽茍涓旀敼鍙樺埌root鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭幆澧冿紱<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ pwd<br>/home/beinan<br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ su -<br>Password:<br>[root@localhost ~]# pwd<br>/root<br><br>su 鍙傛暟 - 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ su - root 娉細(xì)榪欎釜鍜宻u - 鏄竴鏍風(fēng)殑鍔熻兘錛?br>Password:<br>[root@localhost ~]# pwd<br>/root<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ su - linuxsir 娉細(xì)榪欐槸鍒囨崲鍒?linuxsir鐢ㄦ埛<br>Password: 娉細(xì)鍦ㄨ繖閲岃緭鍏ュ瘑鐮侊紱<br>[linuxsir@localhost ~]$ pwd 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛褰撳墠鎵澶勭殑浣嶇疆錛?br>/home/linuxsir<br>[linuxsir@localhost ~]$ id 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛鐨刄ID鍜孏ID淇℃伅錛屼富瑕佹槸鐪嬫槸鍚﹀垏鎹㈣繃鏉ヤ簡錛?<br><br>uid=505(linuxsir) gid=502(linuxsir) groups=0(root),500(beinan),502(linuxsir)<br>[linuxsir@localhost ~]$<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ su - -c ls 娉細(xì)榪欐槸su鐨勫弬鏁扮粍鍚堬紝琛ㄧず鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鐢ㄦ埛錛屽茍涓旀敼鍙樺埌root鐜錛岀劧鍚庡垪鍑簉oot瀹剁洰褰曠殑鏂囦歡錛岀劧鍚庨鍑簉oot鐢ㄦ埛錛?br>Password: 娉細(xì)鍦ㄨ繖閲岃緭鍏oot鐨勫瘑鐮侊紱<br>anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog testgroup testgroupbeinan testgrouproot <br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ pwd 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鎵澶勭殑浣嶇疆錛?br>/home/beinan<br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ id 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅錛?br>uid=500(beinan) gid=500(beinan) groups=500(beinan)<br><br>4銆乻u鐨勪紭緙虹偣錛?br><br>su 鐨勭‘涓虹鐞嗗甫鏉ユ柟渚匡紝閫氳繃鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬶紝鑳藉畬鎴愭墍鏈夌郴緇熺鐞嗗伐鍏鳳紝鍙鎶妑oot鐨勫瘑鐮佷氦緇欎換浣曚竴涓櫘閫氱敤鎴鳳紝浠栭兘鑳藉垏鎹㈠埌root鏉ュ畬鎴愭墍鏈夌殑緋葷粺綆$悊宸ヤ綔錛?br><br>浣?閫氳繃su鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鍚庯紝涔熸湁涓嶅畨鍏ㄥ洜绱狅紱姣斿緋葷粺鏈?0涓敤鎴鳳紝鑰屼笖閮藉弬涓庣鐞嗐傚鏋滆繖10涓敤鎴烽兘娑夊強(qiáng)鍒拌秴綰ф潈闄愮殑榪愮敤錛屽仛涓虹鐞嗗憳濡傛灉鎯寵鍏跺畠鐢?鎴烽氳繃su鏉ュ垏鎹㈠埌瓚呯駭鏉冮檺鐨剅oot錛屽繀欏繪妸root鏉冮檺瀵嗙爜閮藉憡璇夎繖10涓敤鎴鳳紱濡傛灉榪?0涓敤鎴烽兘鏈塺oot鏉冮檺錛岄氳繃root鏉冮檺鍙互鍋氫換浣曚簨錛?榪欏湪涓瀹氱▼搴︿笂灝卞緋葷粺鐨勫畨鍏ㄩ犳垚浜嗗▉鍗忥紱鎯蟲兂Windows鍚э紝綆鐩村氨鏄伓姊︼紱<br><br>?娌℃湁涓嶅畨鍏ㄧ殑緋葷粺錛屽彧鏈変笉瀹夊叏鐨勪漢?錛屾垜浠粷瀵逛笉鑳戒繚璇佽繖10涓敤鎴烽兘鑳芥寜姝e父鎿嶄綔嫻佺▼鏉ョ鐞嗙郴緇燂紝鍏朵腑浠諱綍涓浜哄緋葷粺鎿嶄綔鐨勯噸澶уけ璇紝閮藉彲鑳藉鑷寸郴緇熷穿婧冩垨鏁版嵁鎹熷け錛?br><br>鎵浠u 宸ュ叿鍦ㄥ浜哄弬涓庣殑緋葷粺綆$悊涓紝騫朵笉鏄渶濂界殑閫夋嫨錛宻u鍙傜敤浜庝竴涓や釜浜哄弬涓庣鐞嗙殑緋葷粺錛屾瘯绔焥u騫朵笉鑳借鏅氱敤鎴峰彈闄愮殑浣跨敤錛?br><br>瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛root瀵嗙爜搴旇鎺屾彙鍦ㄥ皯鏁扮敤鎴鋒墜涓紝榪欑粷瀵規(guī)槸鐪熺悊錛佹墍浠ラ泦鏉冭屾不鐨勫瓨鍦ㄨ繕鏄湁涓瀹氶亾鐞嗙殑錛?br><br>鍥涖乻udo 鎺堟潈璁稿彲浣跨敤鐨剆u錛屼篃鏄彈闄愬埗鐨剆u<br><br>1. sudo 鐨勯傜敤鏉′歡錛?br><br>鐢?浜巗u 瀵瑰垏鎹㈠埌瓚呯駭鏉冮檺鐢ㄦ埛root鍚庯紝鏉冮檺鐨勬棤闄愬埗鎬э紝鎵浠u騫朵笉鑳芥媴浠誨涓鐞嗗憳鎵綆$悊鐨勭郴緇熴傚鏋滅敤su 鏉ュ垏鎹㈠埌瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛鏉ョ鐞嗙郴緇燂紝涔熶笉鑳芥槑紜摢浜涘伐浣滄槸鐢卞摢涓鐞嗗憳榪涜鐨勬搷浣溿傜壒鍒槸瀵逛簬鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑綆$悊鏈夊浜哄弬涓庣鐞嗘椂錛屾渶濂芥槸閽堝姣忎釜綆$悊鍛樼殑鎶鏈壒闀垮拰 綆$悊鑼冨洿錛屽茍涓旀湁閽堝鎬х殑涓嬫斁緇欐潈闄愶紝騫朵笖綰﹀畾鍏朵嬌鐢ㄥ摢浜涘伐鍏鋒潵瀹屾垚涓庡叾鐩稿叧鐨勫伐浣滐紝榪欐椂鎴戜滑灝辨湁蹇呰鐢ㄥ埌 sudo銆?br><br>閫氳繃sudo錛屾垜浠兘鎶婃煇浜涜秴綰ф潈闄愭湁閽堝鎬х殑涓嬫斁錛屽茍涓斾笉闇瑕佹櫘閫氱敤鎴風(fēng)煡閬搑oot瀵嗙爜錛屾墍浠udo 鐩稿浜庢潈闄愭棤闄愬埗鎬х殑su鏉ヨ錛岃繕鏄瘮杈冨畨鍏ㄧ殑錛屾墍浠udo 涔熻兘琚О涓哄彈闄愬埗鐨剆u 錛涘彟澶杝udo 鏄渶瑕佹巿鏉冭鍙殑錛屾墍浠ヤ篃琚О涓烘巿鏉冭鍙殑su錛?br><br>sudo 鎵ц鍛戒護(hù)鐨勬祦紼嬫槸褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鍒囨崲鍒皉oot錛堟垨鍏跺畠鎸囧畾鍒囨崲鍒扮殑鐢ㄦ埛錛夛紝鐒跺悗浠oot錛堟垨鍏跺畠鎸囧畾鐨勫垏鎹㈠埌鐨勭敤鎴鳳級(jí)韜喚鎵ц鍛戒護(hù)錛屾墽琛屽畬鎴愬悗錛岀洿鎺ラ鍥炲埌褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛錛涜岃繖浜涚殑鍓嶆彁鏄閫氳繃sudo鐨勯厤緗枃浠?etc/sudoers鏉ヨ繘琛屾巿鏉冿紱<br><br>2銆佷粠緙栧啓 sudo 閰嶇疆鏂囦歡/etc/sudoers寮濮嬶紱<br><br>sudo鐨勯厤緗枃浠舵槸/etc/sudoers 錛屾垜浠彲浠ョ敤浠栫殑涓撶敤緙栬緫宸ュ叿visodu 錛屾宸ュ叿鐨勫ソ澶勬槸鍦ㄦ坊鍔犺鍒欎笉澶噯紜椂錛屼繚瀛橀鍑烘椂浼?xì)鎻惤C虹粰鎴戜滑閿欒淇℃伅錛涢厤緗ソ鍚庯紝鍙互鐢ㄥ垏鎹㈠埌鎮(zhèn)ㄦ巿鏉冪殑鐢ㄦ埛涓嬶紝閫氳繃sudo -l 鏉ユ煡鐪嬪摢浜涘懡浠ゆ槸鍙互鎵ц鎴栫姝㈢殑錛?br><br>/etc/sudoers 鏂囦歡涓瘡琛岀畻涓涓鍒欙紝鍓嶉潰甯︽湁#鍙峰彲浠ュ綋浣滄槸璇存槑鐨勫唴瀹癸紝騫朵笉鎵ц錛涘鏋滆鍒欏緢闀匡紝涓琛屽垪涓嶄笅鏃訛紝鍙互鐢╘鍙鋒潵緇錛岃繖鏍風(fēng)湅鏉ヤ竴涓鍒欎篃鍙互鎷ユ湁澶氫釜琛岋紱<br><br>/etc/sudoers 鐨勮鍒欏彲鍒嗕負(fù)涓ょ被錛涗竴綾繪槸鍒悕瀹氫箟錛屽彟涓綾繪槸鎺堟潈瑙勫垯錛涘埆鍚嶅畾涔夊茍涓嶆槸蹇呴』鐨勶紝浣嗘巿鏉冭鍒欐槸蹇呴』鐨勶紱<br><br>3銆?etc/sudoers 閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓埆鍚嶈鍒?br><br>鍒悕瑙勫垯瀹氫箟鏍煎紡濡備笅錛?br><br>Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, ...<br><br>鎴?br><br>Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, item3 : NAME = item4, item5<br><br>鍒悕綾誨瀷錛圓lias_Type錛夛細(xì)鍒悕綾誨瀷鍖呮嫭濡備笅鍥涚<br><br>Host_Alias 瀹氫箟涓繪満鍒悕錛?br>User_Alias 鐢ㄦ埛鍒悕錛屽埆鍚嶆垚鍛樺彲浠ユ槸鐢ㄦ埛錛岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛堝墠闈㈣鍔?鍙鳳級(jí)<br>Runas_Alias 鐢ㄦ潵瀹氫箟runas鍒悕錛岃繖涓埆鍚嶆寚瀹氱殑鏄?鐩殑鐢ㄦ埛?錛屽嵆sudo 鍏佽鍒囨崲鑷崇殑鐢ㄦ埛錛?br>Cmnd_Alias 瀹氫箟鍛戒護(hù)鍒悕錛?br><br>NAME 灝辨槸鍒悕浜嗭紝NMAE鐨勫懡鍚嶆槸鍖呭惈澶у啓瀛楁瘝銆佷笅鍒掔嚎浠ュ強(qiáng)鏁板瓧錛屼絾蹇呴』浠ヤ竴涓ぇ鍐欏瓧姣嶅紑澶達(dá)紝姣斿SYNADM銆丼YN_ADM鎴朣YNAD0鏄悎娉曠殑錛宻YNAMDA鎴?SYNAD鏄笉鍚堟硶鐨勶紱<br><br>item 鎸変腑鏂囩炕璇戞槸欏圭洰錛屽湪榪欓噷鎴戜滑鍙互璇戞垚鎴愬憳錛屽鏋滀竴涓埆鍚嶄笅鏈夊涓垚鍛橈紝鎴愬憳涓庢垚鍛樹箣闂達(dá)紝閫氳繃鍗婅,鍙峰垎闅旓紱鎴愬憳鍦ㄥ繀欏繪槸鏈夋晥騫朵簨瀹炲瓨鍦ㄧ殑銆備粈涔堟槸鏈夋晥鐨?鍛紵姣斿涓繪満鍚嶏紝鍙互閫氳繃w鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛鐨勪富鏈哄悕錛堟垨ip鍦板潃錛夛紝濡傛灉鎮(zhèn)ㄥ彧鏄湰鍦版満鎿嶄綔錛屽彧閫氳繃hostname 鍛戒護(hù)灝辮兘鏌ョ湅錛涚敤鎴峰悕褰撶劧鏄湪緋葷粺涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑錛屽湪/etc/paswd涓繀欏誨瓨鍦紱瀵逛簬瀹氫箟鍛戒護(hù)鍒悕錛屾垚鍛樹篃蹇呴』鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑浜嬪疄瀛樺湪鐨勬枃浠跺悕錛堥渶瑕佺粷瀵硅礬 寰勶級(jí)錛?br><br>item鎴愬憳鍙楀埆鍚嶇被鍨?Host_Alias銆乁ser_Alias銆丷unas_Alias銆丆mnd_Alias 鍒剁害錛屽畾涔変粈涔堢被鍨嬬殑鍒悕錛屽氨瑕佹湁浠涔堢被鍨嬬殑鎴愬憳鐩擱厤銆傛垜浠敤Host_Alias瀹氫箟涓繪満鍒悕鏃訛紝鎴愬憳蹇呴』鏄笌涓繪満鐩稿叧鐩稿叧鑱旓紝姣斿鏄富鏈哄悕錛堝寘鎷繙紼?鐧誨綍鐨勪富鏈哄悕錛夈乮p鍦板潃錛堝崟涓垨鏁存錛夈佹帺鐮佺瓑錛涘綋鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍鏃訛紝鍙互閫氳繃w鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ煡鐪嬬櫥褰曠敤鎴蜂富鏈轟俊鎭紱鐢║ser_Alias鍜?Runas_Alias瀹氫箟鏃訛紝蹇呴』瑕佺敤緋葷粺鐢ㄦ埛鍋氫負(fù)鎴愬憳錛涚敤Cmnd_Alias 瀹氫箟鎵ц鍛戒護(hù)鐨勫埆鍚嶆椂錛屽繀欏繪槸緋葷粺瀛樺湪鐨勬枃浠訛紝鏂囦歡鍚嶅彲浠ョ敤閫氶厤絎﹁〃紺猴紝閰嶇疆Cmnd_Alias鏃跺懡浠ら渶瑕佺粷瀵硅礬寰勶紱<br><br>鍏朵腑 Runas_Alias 鍜孶ser_Alias 鏈夌偣鐩鎬技錛屼絾涓嶶ser_Alias 緇濆涓嶆槸鍚屼竴涓蹇碉紝Runas_Alias 瀹氫箟鐨勬槸鏌愪釜緋葷粺鐢ㄦ埛鍙互sudo 鍒囨崲韜喚鍒癛unas_Alias 涓嬬殑鎴愬憳錛涙垜浠湪鎺堟潈瑙勫垯涓互瀹炰緥榪涜瑙h錛?br><br>鍒悕瑙勫垯鏄瘡琛岀畻涓涓鍒欙紝濡傛灉涓涓埆鍚嶈鍒欎竴琛屽涓嶄笅鏃訛紝鍙互閫氳繃\鏉ョ畫琛岋紱鍚屼竴綾誨瀷鍒悕鐨勫畾涔夛紝涓嬈′篃鍙互瀹氫箟鍑犱釜鍒悕錛屼粬浠腑闂寸敤:鍙峰垎闅旓紝<br><br>Host_Alias HT01=localhost,st05,st04,10,0,0,4,255.255.255.0,192.168.1.0/24 娉細(xì)瀹氫箟涓繪満鍒悕HT01錛岄氳繃=鍙峰垪鍑烘垚鍛?br>Host_Alias HT02=st09,st10 娉細(xì)涓繪満鍒悕HT02錛屾湁涓や釜鎴愬憳錛?br>Host_Alias HT01=localhost,st05,st04,10,0,0,4,255.255.255.0,192.168.1.0/24:HT02=st09,st10 娉細(xì)涓婇潰鐨勪袱鏉″涓繪満鐨勫畾涔夛紝鍙互閫氳繃涓鏉℃潵瀹炵幇錛屽埆鍚嶄箣闂寸敤:鍙峰垎鍓詫紱<br><br>娉細(xì) 鎴戜滑閫氳繃Host_Alias 瀹氫箟涓繪満鍒悕鏃訛紝欏圭洰鍙互鏄富鏈哄悕銆佸彲浠ユ槸鍗曚釜ip錛堟暣孌礽p鍦板潃涔熷彲浠ワ級(jí)錛屼篃鍙互鏄綉緇滄帺鐮侊紱濡傛灉鏄富鏈哄悕錛屽繀欏繪槸澶氬彴鏈哄櫒鐨勭綉緇滀腑錛岃屼笖榪欎簺鏈哄櫒寰楄兘 閫氳繃涓繪満鍚嶇浉浜掗氫俊璁塊棶鎵嶆湁鏁堛傞偅浠涔堟墠綆楁槸閫氳繃涓繪満鍚嶇浉浜掗氫俊鎴栬闂憿錛熸瘮濡?ping 涓繪満鍚嶏紝鎴栭氳繃榪滅▼璁塊棶涓繪満鍚嶆潵璁塊棶銆傚湪鎴戜滑灞鍩熺綉涓紝濡傛灉璁╄綆楁満閫氳繃涓繪満鍚嶈闂氫俊錛屽繀欏昏緗?etc/hosts錛?etc /resolv.conf 錛岃繕瑕佹湁DNS鍋氳В鏋愶紝鍚﹀垯鐩鎬簰涔嬮棿鏃犳硶閫氳繃涓繪満鍚嶈闂紱鍦ㄨ緗富鏈哄埆鍚嶆椂錛屽鏋滈」鐩槸涓煇涓」鐩槸涓繪満鍚嶇殑璇濓紝鍙互閫氳繃hostname 鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ煡鐪嬫湰鍦頒富鏈虹殑涓繪満鍚嶏紝閫氳繃w鍛戒護(hù)鏌ユ潵鐪嬬櫥褰曚富鏈烘槸鏉ユ簮錛岄氳繃鏉ユ簮鏉ョ‘璁ゅ叾瀹冨鎴鋒満鐨勪富鏈哄悕鎴杋p鍦板潃錛涘浜庝富鏈哄埆鍚嶇殑瀹氫箟錛岀湅涓婂幓鏈夌偣澶嶆潅錛屽叾瀹?鏄緢綆鍗曘?br><br>濡傛灉鎮(zhèn)ㄤ笉鏄庣櫧Host_Alias 鏄庝箞鍥炰簨錛屼篃鍙互涓嶇敤璁劇疆涓繪満鍒悕錛屽湪瀹氫箟鎺堟潈瑙勫垯鏃墮氳繃ALL鏉ュ尮閰嶆墍鏈夊彲鑳藉嚭鐜扮殑涓繪満鎯呭喌銆傚鏋滄?zhèn)ㄦ妸涓绘満鏂归潰鐨勭煡璇嗗紕鐨勬洿鏄庣櫧锛岀殑纭渶瑕佸澶氬涔?fàn)銆?br><br>User_Alias SYSAD=beinan,linuxsir,bnnnb,lanhaitun 娉細(xì)瀹氫箟鐢ㄦ埛鍒悕錛屼笅鏈夊洓涓垚鍛橈紱瑕佸湪緋葷粺涓‘瀹炲湪瀛樺湪鐨勶紱<br>User_Alias NETAD=beinan,bnnb 娉細(xì)瀹氫箟鐢ㄦ埛鍒悕NETAD 錛屾垜鎯寵榪欎釜鍒悕涓嬬殑鐢ㄦ埛鏉ョ鐞嗙綉緇滐紝鎵浠ュ彇浜哊ETAD鐨勫埆鍚嶏紱<br>User_Alias WEBMASTER=linuxsir 娉細(xì)瀹氫箟鐢ㄦ埛鍒悕WEBMASTER錛屾垜鎯崇敤榪欎釜鍒悕涓嬬殑鐢ㄦ埛鏉ョ鐞嗙綉绔欙紱<br>User_Alias SYSAD=beinan,linuxsir,bnnnb,lanhaitun:NETAD=beinan,bnnb:WEBMASTER=linuxsir 娉細(xì)涓婇潰涓夎鐨勫埆鍚嶅畾涔夛紝鍙互閫氳繃榪欎竴琛屾潵瀹炵幇錛岃鐪嬪墠闈㈢殑璇存槑錛屾槸涓嶆槸絎﹀悎錛?br><br>Cmnd_Alias USERMAG=/<span>usr</span>/sbin/adduser,/usr/sbin/userdel,/usr/bin/passwd [A-Za-z]*,/bin/chown,/bin/chmod <br><br>娉ㄦ剰錛氬懡浠ゅ埆鍚嶄笅鐨勬垚鍛樺繀欏繪槸鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曠殑緇濆璺緞錛?br><br>Cmnd_Alias DISKMAG=/sbin/fdisk,/sbin/parted<br>Cmnd_Alias NETMAG=/sbin/ifconfig,/etc/init.d/net<span>work</span><br>Cmnd_Alias KILL = /usr/bin/kill<br>Cmnd_Alias PWMAG = /usr/sbin/reboot,/usr/sbin/halt <br>Cmnd_Alias SHELLS = /usr/bin/sh, /usr/bin/csh, /usr/bin/ksh, \ <br>? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???/usr/local/bin/tcsh, /usr/bin/rsh, \<br>? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???/usr/local/bin/zsh<br><br>娉細(xì)榪欒瀹氫箟鍛戒護(hù)鍒悕鏈夌偣闀匡紝鍙互閫氳繃 \ 鍙鋒柇琛岋紱<br><br>Cmnd_Alias SU = /usr/bin/su,/bin,/sbin,/usr/sbin,/usr/bin <br><br>鍦ㄤ笂闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓紝鏈塊ILL鍜孭WMAG鐨勫懡浠ゅ埆鍚嶅畾涔夛紝鎴戜滑鍙互鍚堝茍涓轟竴琛屾潵鍐欙紝涔熷氨鏄瓑浠瘋錛?br><br>Cmnd_Alias KILL = /usr/bin/kill錛歅WMAG = /usr/sbin/reboot,/usr/sbin/halt 娉細(xì)榪欎竴琛屽氨浠h〃浜咾ILL鍜孭WMAG鍛戒護(hù)鍒悕錛屾妸KILL鍜孭WMAG鐨勫埆鍚嶅畾涔夊悎騫跺湪涓琛屽啓涔熸槸鍙互鐨勶紱<br><br><br>Runas_Alias OP = root, operator <br>Runas_Alias DBADM=mysql:OP = root, operator 娉細(xì)榪欒鏄笂闈袱琛岀殑絳変環(huán)琛岋紱鑷充簬鎬庝箞鐞嗚ВRunas_Alias 錛屾垜浠繀欏誨緱閫氳繃鎺堟潈瑙勫垯鐨勫疄渚嬫潵鐞嗚В錛?br><br>4銆?etc/sudoers涓殑鎺堟潈瑙勫垯錛?br><br>鎺堟潈瑙勫垯鏄垎閰嶆潈闄愮殑鎵ц瑙勫垯錛屾垜浠墠闈㈡墍璁插埌鐨勫畾涔夊埆鍚嶄富瑕佹槸涓轟簡鏇存柟渚跨殑鎺堟潈寮曠敤鍒悕錛涘鏋滅郴緇熶腑鍙湁鍑犱釜鐢ㄦ埛錛屽叾瀹炰笅鏀炬潈闄愭瘮杈冩湁闄愮殑璇濓紝鍙互涓嶇敤瀹氫箟鍒悕錛岃屾槸閽堝緋葷粺鐢ㄦ埛鐩存帴鐩存帴鎺堟潈錛屾墍浠ュ湪鎺堟潈瑙勫垯涓埆鍚嶅茍涓嶆槸蹇呴』鐨勶紱<br><br>鎺堟潈瑙勫垯騫朵笉鏄棤绔犲彲瀵伙紝鎴戜滑鍙鍩虹涓鐐圭殑錛屾瘮杈冪畝鍗曠殑鍐欐硶錛屽鏋滄?zhèn)ㄦ儗櫙l嗕簡瑙f巿鏉冭鍒欏啓娉曠殑錛岃鍙傜湅man sudoers<br><br><strong>鎺堟潈鐢ㄦ埛 涓繪満=鍛戒護(hù)鍔ㄤ綔</strong> <br><br>榪欎笁涓绱犵己涓涓嶅彲錛屼絾鍦ㄥ姩浣滀箣鍓嶄篃鍙互鎸囧畾鍒囨崲鍒扮壒瀹氱敤鎴蜂笅錛屽湪榪欓噷鎸囧畾鍒囨崲鐨勭敤鎴瘋鐢? )鍙鋒嫭璧鋒潵錛屽鏋滀笉闇瑕佸瘑鐮佺洿鎺ヨ繍琛屽懡浠ょ殑錛屽簲璇ュ姞NOPASSWD:鍙傛暟錛屼絾榪欎簺鍙互鐪佺暐錛涗婦渚嬭鏄庯紱<br><br>瀹炰緥涓錛?br><br>beinan ALL=/bin/chown,/bin/chmod <br><br>濡?鏋滄垜浠湪/etc/sudoers 涓坊鍔犺繖涓琛岋紝琛ㄧずbeinan 鍙互鍦ㄤ換浣曞彲鑳藉嚭鐜扮殑涓繪満鍚嶇殑緋葷粺涓紝鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鐢ㄦ埛涓嬫墽琛?/bin/chown 鍜?bin/chmod 鍛戒護(hù)錛岄氳繃sudo -l 鏉ユ煡鐪媌einan 鍦ㄨ繖鍙頒富鏈轟笂鍏佽鍜岀姝㈣繍琛岀殑鍛戒護(hù)錛?br><br>鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸錛屽湪榪欓噷鐪佺暐浜嗘寚瀹氬垏鎹㈠埌鍝釜鐢ㄦ埛涓嬫墽琛?bin/shown 鍜?bin/chmod鍛戒護(hù)錛涘湪鐪佺暐鐨勬儏鍐典笅榛樿涓烘槸鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鐢ㄦ埛涓嬫墽琛岋紱鍚屾椂涔熺渷鐣ヤ簡鏄笉鏄渶瑕乥einan鐢ㄦ埛杈撳叆楠岃瘉瀵嗙爜錛屽鏋滅渷鐣ヤ簡錛岄粯璁や負(fù)鏄渶瑕侀獙璇佸瘑鐮併?br><br>涓轟簡鏇磋緇嗙殑璇存槑榪欎簺錛屾垜浠彲浠ユ瀯閫犱竴涓洿澶嶆潅涓鐐圭殑鍏紡錛?br><br>鎺堟潈鐢ㄦ埛 涓繪満=[(鍒囨崲鍒板摢浜涚敤鎴鋒垨鐢ㄦ埛緇?] [鏄惁闇瑕佸瘑鐮侀獙璇乚 鍛戒護(hù)1,[(鍒囨崲鍒板摢浜涚敤鎴鋒垨鐢ㄦ埛緇?] [鏄惁闇瑕佸瘑鐮侀獙璇乚 [鍛戒護(hù)2],[(鍒囨崲鍒板摢浜涚敤鎴鋒垨鐢ㄦ埛緇?] [鏄惁闇瑕佸瘑鐮侀獙璇乚 [鍛戒護(hù)3]...... <br><br>娉ㄨВ錛?br><br>鍑℃槸[ ]涓殑鍐呭錛屾槸鍙互鐪佺暐錛涘懡浠や笌鍛戒護(hù)涔嬮棿鐢?鍙峰垎闅旓紱閫氳繃鏈枃鐨勪緥瀛愶紝鍙互瀵圭収鐫鐪嬪摢浜涙槸鐪佺暐浜嗭紝鍝簺鍦版柟闇瑕佹湁絀烘牸錛?br>鍦╗(鍒囨崲鍒板摢浜涚敤鎴鋒垨鐢ㄦ埛緇?] 錛屽鏋滅渷鐣ワ紝鍒欓粯璁や負(fù)root鐢ㄦ埛錛涘鏋滄槸ALL 錛屽垯浠h〃鑳藉垏鎹㈠埌鎵鏈夌敤鎴鳳紱娉ㄦ剰瑕佸垏鎹㈠埌鐨勭洰鐨勭敤鎴峰繀欏葷敤()鍙鋒嫭璧鋒潵錛屾瘮濡?ALL)銆?beinan)<br><br>瀹炰緥浜岋細(xì)<br><br>beinan ALL=(root) /bin/chown, /bin/chmod <br><br>濡?鏋滄垜浠妸絎竴涓疄渚嬩腑鐨勯偅琛屽幓鎺夛紝鎹㈡垚榪欒錛涜〃紺虹殑鏄痓einan 鍙互鍦ㄤ換浣曞彲鑳藉嚭鐜扮殑涓繪満鍚嶇殑涓繪満涓紝鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬫墽琛?/bin/chown 錛屽彲浠ュ垏鎹㈠埌浠諱綍鐢ㄦ埛鎷涙墽琛?bin/chmod 鍛戒護(hù)錛岄氳繃sudo -l 鏉ユ煡鐪媌einan 鍦ㄨ繖鍙頒富鏈轟笂鍏佽鍜岀姝㈣繍琛岀殑鍛戒護(hù)錛?br><br>瀹炰緥涓夛細(xì)<br><br>beinan ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /bin/chown,/bin/chmod <br><br>濡?鏋滄崲鎴愯繖涓緥瀛愬憿錛熻〃紺虹殑鏄痓einan 鍙互鍦ㄤ換浣曞彲鑳藉嚭鐜扮殑涓繪満鍚嶇殑涓繪満涓紝鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬫墽琛?/bin/chown 錛屼笉闇瑕佽緭鍏einan鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮侊紱騫朵笖鍙互鍒囨崲鍒頒換浣曠敤鎴蜂笅鎵ц/bin/chmod 鍛戒護(hù)錛屼絾鎵цchmod鏃墮渶瑕乥einan杈撳叆鑷繁鐨勫瘑鐮侊紱閫氳繃sudo -l 鏉ユ煡鐪媌einan 鍦ㄨ繖鍙頒富鏈轟笂鍏佽鍜岀姝㈣繍琛岀殑鍛戒護(hù)錛?br><br>鍏充簬涓涓懡浠ゅ姩浣滄槸涓嶆槸闇瑕佸瘑鐮侊紝鎴戜滑鍙互鍙戠幇鍦ㄧ郴緇熷湪榛樿鐨勬儏鍐典笅鏄渶瑕佺敤鎴峰瘑鐮佺殑錛岄櫎闈炵壒鍔犳寚鍑轟笉闇瑕佺敤鎴烽渶瑕佽緭鍏ヨ嚜宸卞瘑鐮侊紝鎵浠ヨ鍦ㄦ墽琛屽姩浣滀箣鍓嶅姞鍏OPASSWD: 鍙傛暟錛?<br><br>鏈夊彲鑳芥湁鐨勫紵鍏勫緋葷粺綆$悊鐨勫懡浠や笉澶噦錛屼笉鐭ラ亾鍏剁敤娉曪紝榪欐牱灝卞獎(jiǎng)鍝嶄簡浠栧 sudoers瀹氫箟鐨勭悊瑙o紝涓嬮潰鎴戜滑鍐嶄婦涓涓渶綆鍗曪紝鏈鏈夎鏈嶅姟鍔涚殑渚嬪瓙錛?br><br>瀹炰緥鍥涳細(xì)<br><br>姣斿鎴戜滑鎯崇敤beinan鏅氱敤鎴烽氳繃more /etc/shadow鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹規(guī)椂錛屽彲鑳戒細(xì)鍑虹幇涓嬮潰鐨勬儏鍐碉紱<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ more /etc/shadow<br>/etc/shadow: 鏉冮檺涓嶅<br><br>榪欐椂鎴戜滑鍙互鐢╯udo more /etc/shadow 鏉ヨ鍙栨枃浠剁殑鍐呭錛涘氨灝遍渶瑕佸湪/etc/soduers涓粰beinan鎺堟潈錛?br><br>浜庢槸鎴戜滑灝卞彲浠ュ厛su 鍒皉oot鐢ㄦ埛涓嬮氳繃visudo 鏉ユ敼/etc/sudoers 錛涳紙姣斿鎴戜滑鏄互beinan鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍緋葷粺鐨勶級(jí)<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ su<br>Password: 娉細(xì)鍦ㄨ繖閲岃緭鍏oot瀵嗙爜 <br><br>涓嬮潰榪愯visodu錛?br><br>[root@localhost beinan]# visudo 娉細(xì)榪愯visudo 鏉ユ敼 /etc/sudoers <br><br>鍔犲叆濡備笅涓琛岋紝閫鍑轟繚瀛橈紱閫鍑轟繚瀛橈紝鍦ㄨ繖閲岃浼?xì)鐢╲i錛寁isudo涔熸槸鐢ㄧ殑vi緙栬緫鍣紱鑷充簬vi鐨勭敤娉曚笉澶氳浜嗭紱<br><br>beinan ALL=/bin/more 琛ㄧずbeinan鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬫墽琛宮ore 鏉ユ煡鐪嬫枃浠訛紱<br><br>閫鍥炲埌beinan鐢ㄦ埛涓嬶紝鐢╡xit鍛戒護(hù)錛?br><br>[root@localhost beinan]# exit<br>exit<br>[beinan@localhost ~]$<br><br>鏌ョ湅beinan鐨勯氳繃sudo鑳芥墽琛屽摢浜涘懡浠わ紵 <br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ sudo -l<br>Password: 娉細(xì)鍦ㄨ繖閲岃緭鍏einan鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮?br>User beinan may run the following commands on this host: 娉細(xì)鍦ㄨ繖閲屾竻鏅扮殑璇存槑鍦ㄦ湰鍙頒富鏈轟笂錛宐einan鐢ㄦ埛鍙互浠oot鏉冮檺榪愯more 錛涘湪root鏉冮檺涓嬬殑more 錛屽彲浠ユ煡鐪嬩換浣曟枃鏈枃浠剁殑鍐呭鐨勶紱<br>? ? (root) /bin/more<br><br>鏈鍚庯紝鎴戜滑鐪嬬湅鏄笉鏄痓einan鐢ㄦ埛鏈夎兘鍔涚湅鍒?etc/shadow鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹癸紱<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ sudo more /etc/shadow<br><br>beinan 涓嶄絾鑳界湅鍒?/etc/shadow鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹癸紝榪樿兘鐪嬪埌鍙湁root鏉冮檺涓嬫墠鑳界湅鍒扮殑鍏跺畠鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹癸紝姣斿錛?br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ sudo more /etc/gshadow<br><br>瀵逛簬beinan鐢ㄦ埛鏌ョ湅鍜岃鍙栨墍鏈夌郴緇熸枃浠朵腑錛屾垜鍙兂鎶?etc/shadow 鐨勫唴瀹瑰彲浠ヨ浠栨煡鐪嬶紱鍙互鍔犲叆涓嬮潰鐨勪竴琛岋紱<br><br>beinan ALL=/bin/more /etc/shadow<br><br>棰樺璇濓細(xì)鏈夌殑寮熷厔浼?xì)璇村Q屾垜閫氳繃su 鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鐢ㄦ埛灝辮兘鐪嬪埌鎵鏈夋兂鐪嬬殑鍐呭浜嗭紝鍝堝搱錛屽鍟娿備絾鍜變滑鐜板湪涓嶆槸鍦ㄨ榪皊udo鐨勭敤娉曞悧錛熷鏋滀富鏈轟笂鏈夊涓敤鎴峰茍涓斾笉鐭ラ亾root鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝浣嗗張鎯蟲煡鐪嬫煇浜涗粬浠湅涓嶅埌鐨勬枃浠訛紝榪欐椂灝遍渶瑕佺鐞嗗憳鎺堟潈浜嗭紱榪欏氨鏄痵udo鐨勫ソ澶勶紱<br><br>瀹炰緥浜旓細(xì)緇冧範(fàn)鐢ㄦ埛緇勫湪/etc/sudoers涓啓娉曪紱<br><br>濡傛灉鐢ㄦ埛緇勫嚭鐜板湪/etc/sudoers 涓紝鍓嶉潰瑕佸姞%鍙鳳紝姣斿%beinan 錛屼腑闂翠笉鑳芥湁絀烘牸錛?br><br>%beinan ALL=/usr/sbin/*,/sbin/*<br><br>濡傛灉鎴戜滑鍦?/etc/sudoers 涓姞涓婂涓婁竴琛岋紝琛ㄧずbeinan鐢ㄦ埛緇勪笅鐨勬墍鏈夋垚鍛橈紝鍦ㄦ墍鏈夊彲鑳界殑鍑虹幇鐨勪富鏈哄悕涓嬶紝閮借兘鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鐢ㄦ埛涓嬭繍琛?/usr/sbin鍜?sbin鐩綍涓嬬殑鎵鏈夊懡浠わ紱<br><br>瀹炰緥鍏細(xì)緇冧範(fàn)鍙栨秷鏌愮被紼嬪簭鐨勬墽琛岋紱<br><br>鍙栨秷紼嬪簭鏌愮被紼嬪簭鐨勬墽琛岋紝瑕佸湪鍛戒護(hù)鍔ㄤ綔鍓嶉潰鍔犱笂!鍙鳳紱 鍦ㄦ湰渚嬩腑涔熷嚭鐜頒簡閫氶厤絎︾殑*鐨勭敤娉曪紱<br><br>beinan ALL=/usr/sbin/*,/sbin/*,!/usr/sbin/fdisk 娉細(xì)鎶婅繖琛岃鍒欏姞鍏ュ埌/etc/sudoers涓紱浣嗘?zhèn)ㄥ緱鏈塨einan榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紝騫朵笖beinan涔熸槸榪欎釜緇勪腑鐨勬墠琛岋紱<br><br>鏈鍒欒〃紺篵einan鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄦ墍鏈夊彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄧ殑涓繪満鍚嶇殑涓繪満涓婅繍琛?usr/sbin鍜?sbin涓嬫墍鏈夌殑紼嬪簭錛屼絾fdisk 紼嬪簭闄ゅ錛?<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ sudo -l<br>Password: 娉細(xì)鍦ㄨ繖閲岃緭鍏einan鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮侊紱<br>User beinan may run the following commands on this host:<br>(root) /usr/sbin/*<br>(root) /sbin/*<br>(root) !/sbin/fdisk<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ sudo /sbin/fdisk -l<br>Sorry, user beinan is not allowed to execute '/sbin/fdisk -l' as root on localhost. <br><br>娉細(xì)涓嶈兘鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鐢ㄦ埛涓嬭繍琛宖disk 紼嬪簭錛?br><br><strong>瀹炰緥涓冿細(xì)鍒悕鐨勮繍鐢ㄧ殑瀹炶返錛?br><br>鍋?濡傛垜浠氨涓鍙頒富鏈簂ocalhost錛岃兘閫氳繃hostname 鏉ユ煡鐪嬶紝鎴戜滑鍦ㄨ繖閲屽氨涓嶅畾涔変富鏈哄埆鍚嶄簡錛岀敤ALL鏉ュ尮閰嶆墍鏈夊彲鑳藉嚭鐜扮殑涓繪満鍚嶏紱騫朵笖鏈塨einan銆乴inuxsir銆乴anhaitun 鐢ㄦ埛錛涗富瑕佹槸閫氳繃灝忎緥瀛愯兘鏇村ソ鐞嗚В錛泂udo铏界劧綆鍗曞ソ鐢紝浣嗚兘鎶婅鐨勬槑鐧界殑紜槸浠墮毦浜嬶紱鏈濂界殑鍔炴硶鏄鐪嬩緥瀛愬拰man soduers 錛?br><br>User_Alias SYSADER=beinan,linuxsir,%beinan <br>User_Alias DISKADER=lanhaitun <br>Runas_Alias OP=root <br>Cmnd_Alias SYDCMD=/bin/chown,/bin/chmod,/usr/sbin/adduser,/usr/bin/passwd [A-Za-z]*,!/usr/bin/passwd root <br>Cmnd_Alias DSKCMD=/sbin/parted,/sbin/fdisk 娉細(xì)瀹氫箟鍛戒護(hù)鍒悕DSKCMD錛屼笅鏈夋垚鍛榩arted鍜宖disk 錛?br>SYSADER ALL= SYDCMD,DSKCMD <br>DISKADER ALL=(OP) DSKCMD</strong><br><br>娉ㄨВ錛?br><br>絎竴琛岋細(xì)瀹氫箟鐢ㄦ埛鍒悕SYSADER 涓嬫湁鎴愬憳 beinan銆乴inuxsir鍜宐einan鐢ㄦ埛緇勪笅鐨勬垚鍛橈紝鐢ㄦ埛緇勫墠闈㈠繀欏誨姞%鍙鳳紱<br>絎簩琛岋細(xì)瀹氫箟鐢ㄦ埛鍒悕 DISKADER 錛屾垚鍛樻湁lanhaitun<br>絎笁琛岋細(xì)瀹氫箟Runas鐢ㄦ埛錛屼篃灝辨槸鐩爣鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫埆鍚嶄負(fù)OP錛屼笅鏈夋垚鍛榬oot<br>絎洓琛岋細(xì)瀹氫箟SYSCMD鍛戒護(hù)鍒悕錛屾垚鍛樹箣闂寸敤,鍙峰垎闅旓紝鏈鍚庣殑!/usr/bin/passwd root 琛ㄧず涓嶈兘閫氳繃passwd 鏉ユ洿鏀箁oot瀵嗙爜錛?br>絎簲琛岋細(xì)瀹氫箟鍛戒護(hù)鍒悕DSKCMD錛屼笅鏈夋垚鍛榩arted鍜宖disk 錛?br>絎?鍏錛?琛ㄧず鎺堟潈SYSADER涓嬬殑鎵鏈夋垚鍛橈紝鍦ㄦ墍鏈夊彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄧ殑涓繪満鍚嶇殑涓繪満涓嬭繍琛屾垨紱佹 SYDCMD鍜孌SKCMD涓嬪畾涔夌殑鍛戒護(hù)銆傛洿涓烘槑紜仴璇達(dá)紝beinan銆乴inuxsir鍜宐einan鐢ㄦ埛緇勪笅鐨勬垚鍛樿兘浠oot韜喚榪愯 chown 銆乧hmod 銆乤dduser銆乸asswd錛屼絾涓嶈兘鏇存敼root鐨勫瘑鐮侊紱涔熷彲浠ヤ互root韜喚榪愯 parted鍜宖disk 錛屾湰鏉¤鍒欑殑絳変環(huán)瑙勫垯鏄紱<br><br>beinan,linuxsir,%beinan ALL=/bin/chown,/bin/chmod,/usr/sbin/adduser,/usr/bin/passwd [A-Za-z]*,!/usr/bin/passwd root,/sbin/parted,/sbin/fdisk <br><br>絎竷琛岋細(xì)琛ㄧず鎺堟潈DISKADER 涓嬬殑鎵鏈夋垚鍛橈紝鑳戒互OP鐨勮韓浠斤紝鏉ヨ繍琛?DSKCMD 錛屼笉闇瑕佸瘑鐮侊紱鏇翠負(fù)鏄庣‘鐨勮 lanhaitun 鑳戒互root韜喚榪愯 parted鍜宖disk 鍛戒護(hù)錛涘叾絳変環(huán)瑙勫垯鏄細(xì)<br><br><br>lanhaitun ALL=(root) /sbin/parted,/sbin/fdisk <br><br>鍙兘鏈夌殑寮熷厔浼?xì)璇存垜鎯充笉杈撳叆鐢ㄦ堬L(fēng)殑瀵嗙爜灝辮兘鍒囨崲鍒皉oot騫惰繍琛孲YDCMD鍜孌SKCMD 涓嬬殑鍛戒護(hù)錛岄偅搴旇鎶婃妸NOPASSWD:鍔犲湪鍝噷涓哄ソ錛熺悊瑙d笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙鍚э紝鑳芥槑鐧界殑錛?br><br>SYSADER ALL= NOPASSWD: SYDCMD, NOPASSWD: DSKCMD <br><br>5銆?etc/sudoers涓叾瀹冪殑鏈敖浜嬮」錛?br><br>鍦ㄦ巿鏉冭鍒欎腑錛岃繕鏈?NOEXEC:鍜孍XEC鐨勭敤娉曪紝鑷繁鏌an sudoers 浜嗚В錛涜繕鏈夊叧浜庡湪瑙勫垯涓氶厤絎︾殑鐢ㄦ硶錛屼篃鏄渶瑕佷簡瑙g殑銆傝繖浜涘唴瀹逛笉澶氳浜嗭紝姣曠珶鍙槸涓涓叆闂ㄦх殑鏂囨。銆俿oduers閰嶇疆鏂囦歡瑕佸綆鍗曞氨鏈夊綆鍗曪紝瑕佸闅懼氨鏈夊闅撅紝灝辯湅鑷繁鐨勫簲鐢ㄤ簡銆?br><br>6銆乻udo鐨勭敤娉曪紱<br><br>鎴戜滑鍦ㄥ墠闈㈣鐨?etc/sudoers 鐨勮鍒欏啓娉曪紝鏈緇堢殑鐩殑鏄鐢ㄦ埛閫氳繃sudo璇誨彇閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓殑瑙勫垯鏉ュ疄鐜板尮閰嶅拰鎺堟潈錛屼互渚挎浛鎹㈣韓浠芥潵榪涜鍛戒護(hù)鎿嶄綔錛岃繘鑰屽畬鎴愬湪鍏舵潈闄愪笅涓嶅彲瀹屾垚鐨勪換鍔★紱<br><br>鎴戜滑鍙鏈綆鍗曠殑鐢ㄦ硶錛涙洿涓鴻緇嗙殑璇峰弬鑰僲an sudo<br><br>sudo [鍙傛暟閫夐」] 鍛戒護(hù)<br>-l 鍒楀嚭鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄤ富鏈轟笂鍙敤鐨勫拰琚姝㈢殑鍛戒護(hù)錛涗竴鑸厤緗ソ/etc/sudoers鍚庯紝瑕佺敤榪欎釜鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ煡鐪嬪拰嫻嬭瘯鏄笉鏄厤緗紜殑錛?br>-v 楠岃瘉鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬椂闂存埑錛涘鏋滅敤鎴瘋繍琛宻udo 鍚庯紝杈撳叆鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮佸悗錛屽湪鐭椂闂村唴鍙互涓嶇敤杈撳叆鍙d護(hù)鏉ョ洿鎺ヨ繘琛宻udo 鎿嶄綔錛涚敤-v 鍙互璺熻釜鏈鏂扮殑鏃墮棿鎴籌紱<br>-u 鎸囧畾浠ヤ互鏌愪釜鐢ㄦ埛鎵ц鐗瑰畾鎿嶄綔錛?br>-k 鍒犻櫎鏃墮棿鎴籌紝涓嬩竴涓猻udo 鍛戒護(hù)瑕佹眰鐢ㄦ眰鎻愪緵瀵嗙爜錛?br><br>涓懼垪錛?br><br>棣栧厛鎴戜滑閫氳繃visudo 鏉ユ敼/etc/sudoers 鏂囦歡錛屽姞鍏ヤ笅闈竴琛岋紱<br><br>beinan,linuxsir,%beinan ALL=/bin/chown,/bin/chmod,/usr/sbin/adduser,/usr/bin/passwd [A-Za-z]*,!/usr/bin/passwd root,/sbin/parted,/sbin/fdisk<br><br>鐒跺悗鍒楀嚭beinan鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄤ富鏈轟笂閫氳繃sudo 鍙互鍒囨崲鐢ㄦ埛鎵鑳界敤鐨勫懡浠ゆ垨琚姝㈢敤鐨勫懡浠わ紱<br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ sudo -l 娉細(xì)鍒楀嚭鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄤ富鏈轟笂鑳介氳繃鍒囨崲鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫彲鐢ㄧ殑鎴栬紱佹鐨勫懡浠わ紱<br>Password: 娉細(xì)鍦ㄨ繖閲岃緭鍏ユ?zhèn)ㄧ殑鐢ㄦ埛瀵嗙爜锛?br>User beinan may run the following commands on this host:<br>? ? (root) /bin/chown 娉細(xì)鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬬敤chown鍛戒護(hù)錛?br>? ? (root) /bin/chmod 娉細(xì)鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬬敤chmod鍛戒護(hù)錛?br>? ? (root) /usr/sbin/adduser 娉細(xì)鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬬敤adduser鍛戒護(hù)錛?br>? ? (root) /usr/bin/passwd [A-Za-z]* 娉細(xì)鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬬敤 passwd 鍛戒護(hù)錛?br>? ? (root) !/usr/bin/passwd root 娉細(xì)鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬶紝浣嗕笉鑳芥墽琛宲asswd root 鏉ユ洿鏀箁oot瀵嗙爜錛?br>? ? (root) /sbin/parted 娉細(xì)鍙互鍒囨崲鍒?root涓嬫墽琛宲arted 錛?br>? ? (root) /sbin/fdisk 娉細(xì)鍙互鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬫墽琛?fdisk 錛?br><br>閫氳繃涓婇潰鐨剆udo -l 鍒楀嚭鍙敤鍛戒護(hù)鍚庯紝鎴戞兂閫氳繃chown 鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ敼鍙?opt鐩綍鐨勫睘涓諱負(fù)beinan 錛?br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ ls -ld /opt 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅/opt鐨勫睘涓伙紱<br>drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 4096 10鏈?27 10:09 /opt 娉細(xì)寰楀埌鐨勭瓟妗堟槸褰掑睘root鐢ㄦ埛鍜宺oot鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紱 <br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ sudo chown beinan:beinan /opt 娉細(xì)閫氳繃chown 鏉ユ敼鍙樺睘涓諱負(fù)beinan鐢ㄦ埛鍜宐einan鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紱<br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ ls -ld /opt 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅/opt灞炰富鏄笉鏄凡緇忔敼鍙樹簡錛?br>drwxr-xr-x 26 beinan beinan 4096 10鏈?27 10:09 /opt<br><br>鎴戜滑閫氳繃涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愬彂鐜癰einan鐢ㄦ埛鑳藉垏鎹㈠埌root鍚庢墽琛屾敼鍙樼敤鎴峰彛浠ょ殑passwd鍛戒護(hù)錛涗絾涓婇潰鐨剆udo -l 杈撳嚭鍙堟槑鏂囧啓鐫涓嶈兘鏇存敼root鐨勫彛浠わ紱涔熷氨鏄闄や簡root鐨勫彛浠わ紝beinan鐢ㄦ埛涓嶈兘鏇存敼澶栵紝鍏跺畠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫彛浠ら兘鑳芥洿鏀廣備笅闈㈡垜浠潵嫻嬭瘯錛?br><br>瀵逛簬涓涓櫘閫氱敤鎴鋒潵璇達(dá)紝闄や簡鏇存敼鑷韓鐨勫彛浠や互澶栵紝浠栦笉鑳芥洿鏀瑰叾瀹冪敤鎴風(fēng)殑鍙d護(hù)銆備絾濡傛灉鎹㈠埌root韜喚鎵ц鍛戒護(hù)錛屽垯鍙互鏇存敼鍏跺畠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫彛浠わ紱<br><br>姣斿鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑鏈塴inuxsir榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛, 鎴戜滑鎯沖皾璇曟洿鏀硅繖涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑鍙d護(hù)錛?br><br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ passwd linuxsir 娉細(xì)涓嶉氳繃sudo 鐩存帴榪愯passwd 鏉ユ洿鏀筶inuxsir鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫彛浠わ紱<br>passwd: Only root can specify a user name. 娉細(xì)澶辮觸錛屾彁紺轟粎鑳介氳繃 root鏉ユ洿鏀癸紱<br>[beinan@localhost ~]$ sudo passwd linuxsir 娉細(xì)鎴戜滑閫氳繃/etc/sudoers 鐨勫畾涔夛紝璁゜einan鍒囨崲鍒皉oot涓嬫墽琛?passwd 鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ敼鍙榣inuxsir鐨勫彛浠わ紱<br>Changing password for user linuxsir. <br>New UNIX password: 娉細(xì)杈撳叆鏂板彛浠わ紱<br>Retype new UNIX password: 娉細(xì)鍐嶈緭鍏ヤ竴嬈★紱<br>passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. 娉細(xì)鏀瑰彉鎴愬姛錛? <img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/aggbug/97101.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/" target="_blank">Prayer</a> 2009-09-24 10:13 <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97101.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Linux鐢ㄦ埛綆$悊鍏ㄦ敾鐣ワ紙浜岋級(jí)http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97098.htmlPrayerPrayerThu, 24 Sep 2009 01:52:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97098.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/97098.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97098.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/97098.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/97098.html鎽樿錛氭湰鏂囪瑙g敤鎴鳳紙User錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙Group錛夌殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛屾湰鏂囨槸銆奓inux 鐢ㄦ埛錛圲ser錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙Group錛夌鐞嗘榪般嬫枃妗g殑鍏沖仴閮ㄤ喚鐨勭粏鍖栵紱閫氳繃鏈枃錛屾?zhèn)ㄨ嚊_皯鑳芥槑鐧?etc/passwd /etc/group 錛屼互鍙?qiáng)浠涔堟槸UID鍜孏ID 絳夛紱鍏朵腑瀵筓ID鐨勯噸瑕佹у姞浠ヨ緇嗙殑璁鴻堪錛涙渶鍚庯紝鏈枃榪樹互閫氳繃淇敼鐢ㄦ埛鍙?qiáng)鐢ㄦ堬L(fēng)粍閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勫姙娉曟潵瀹炵幇綆$悊鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛岃繘鑰岃鏄庡湪Linux緋葷粺涓紝緋葷粺鏂囦歡鐨勯噸瑕佹э紱


鐢ㄦ埛錛圲ser錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙Group錛夌殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛屾槸緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樻渶搴旇浜嗚В鍜屾帉鎻$殑緋葷粺鍩虹鏂囦歡涔嬩竴錛屼粠鍙︿竴鏂歸潰鏉ヨ錛屼簡瑙h繖浜涙枃浠朵篃鏄郴緇熷畨鍏ㄧ鐞嗙殑閲嶈緇勬垚閮ㄤ喚錛涘仛涓轟竴涓悎鏍肩殑緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樺簲璇ュ鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍閰嶇疆鏂囦歡閫忓交浜嗚В鎵嶈錛?/p>

涓銆佺敤鎴鳳紙User錛夌浉鍏籌紱

璋堝埌鐢ㄦ埛錛屽氨涓嶅緱涓嶈皥鐢ㄦ埛綆$悊錛岀敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠訛紝浠ュ強(qiáng)鐢ㄦ埛鏌ヨ鍜岀鐞嗙殑鎺у埗宸ュ叿錛涚敤鎴風(fēng)鐞嗕富瑕侀氳繃淇敼鐢ㄦ埛閰嶇疆鏂囦歡瀹屾垚錛涚敤鎴風(fēng)鐞嗘帶鍒跺伐鍏鋒渶緇堢洰鐨勪篃鏄負(fù)浜嗕慨鏀圭敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠躲?br>浠涔堟槸鐢ㄦ埛鏌ヨ鍜岀鐞嗘帶鍒跺伐鍏峰憿錛熺敤鎴鋒煡璇㈠拰鎺у埗宸ュ叿鏄煡璇€佹坊鍔犮佷慨鏀瑰拰鍒犻櫎鐢ㄦ埛絳夌郴緇熺鐞嗗伐鍏鳳紝姣斿鏌ヨ鐢ㄦ埛鐨刬d鍜宖inger鍛戒護(hù)錛屾坊鍔犵敤鎴風(fēng)殑useradd 鎴朼dduser 銆乽serdel 鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫垹闄?銆佽緗瘑鐮佺殑passwd鍛戒護(hù)銆佷慨鏀圭敤鎴穟sermod 絳夌瓑錛涙垜浠渶瑕佺煡閬撶殑鏄氳繃鐢ㄦ埛鏌ヨ鍜屾帶鍒跺伐鍏鋒墍榪涜鐨勫姩浣滅殑鏈緇堢洰鐨勪篃鏄慨鏀圭敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠訛紱鎵浠ユ垜浠繘琛岀敤鎴風(fēng)鐞嗙殑鏃跺欙紝鐩存帴淇敼鐢ㄦ埛閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓鏍峰彲浠ヨ揪鍒扮敤鎴風(fēng)鐞嗙殑鐩殑錛?br>閫氳繃涓婇潰鐨勮В璇達(dá)紝鎴戜滑鑳藉疄瀹炲湪鍦ㄧ殑鎰熻鍒扮敤鎴鳳紙User錛夐厤緗枃浠剁殑閲嶈鎬э紱鍏跺疄鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍鍦ㄧ郴緇熺鐞嗕腑鏄笉鍙垎鍓茬殑錛屼絾涓轟簡璇存槑闂錛屾垜浠繕鏄緱鎶婄敤鎴鳳紙User錛夌殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鍗曞垪鍑烘潵瑙h錛屽叾涓寘鎷?etc/passwd 鍜?etc/shadow 鏂囦歡錛涘湪榪欎箣涓紝浣犺繕鑳戒簡瑙ID鐨勯噸瑕佹э紱
閫氳繃鏈爣棰橈紝鎮(zhèn)ㄥ彲浠ヤ簡瑙f垨鎺屾彙鐨勫唴瀹規(guī)湁錛氫簡瑙?etc/passwd鍜?etc/shadow錛涗粈涔圲ID 錛?br>涓庣敤鎴風(fēng)浉鍏崇殑緋葷粺閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓昏鏈?etc/passwd 鍜?etc/shadow錛屽叾涓?etc/shadow鏄敤鎴瘋祫璁殑鍔犲瘑鏂囦歡錛屾瘮濡傜敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀵嗙爜鍙d護(hù)鐨勫姞瀵嗕繚瀛樼瓑錛?etc/passwd 鍜?etc/shadow 鏂囦歡鏄簰琛ョ殑錛涙垜浠彲浠ラ氳繃瀵規(guī)瘮涓や釜鏂囦歡鏉ュ樊鐪嬩粬浠殑鍖哄埆錛?br>1銆佸叧浜?etc/passwd 鍜?UID錛?/p>

/etc/passwd 鏄郴緇熻瘑鍒敤鎴風(fēng)殑涓涓枃浠訛紝鍋氫釜涓嶆伆褰撶殑姣斿柣錛?etc/passwd 鏄竴涓姳鍚嶅唽錛岀郴緇熸墍鏈夌殑鐢ㄦ埛閮藉湪榪欓噷鏈夌櫥褰曡杞斤紱褰撴垜浠互beinan 榪欎釜璐﹀彿鐧誨綍鏃訛紝緋葷粺棣栧厛浼?xì)鏌ラ?/etc/passwd 鏂囦歡錛岀湅鏄惁鏈塨einan 榪欎釜璐﹀彿錛岀劧鍚庣‘瀹歜einan鐨刄ID錛岄氳繃UID 鏉ョ‘璁ょ敤鎴峰拰韜喚錛屽鏋滃瓨鍦ㄥ垯璇誨彇/etc/shadow 褰卞瓙鏂囦歡涓墍瀵瑰簲鐨刡einan鐨勫瘑鐮侊紱濡傛灉瀵嗙爜鏍稿疄鏃犺鍒欑櫥褰曠郴緇燂紝璇誨彇鐢ㄦ埛鐨勯厤緗枃浠訛紱
1錛?etc/passwd 鐨勫唴瀹圭悊瑙o細(xì)

鍦?etc/passwd 涓紝姣忎竴琛岄兘琛ㄧず鐨勬槸涓涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑淇℃伅錛涗竴琛屾湁7涓浣嶏紱姣忎釜孌典綅鐢?鍙峰垎鍓詫紝姣斿涓嬮潰鏄垜鐨勭郴緇熶腑鐨?etc/passwd 鐨勪袱琛岋紱

beinan:x:500:500:beinan sun:/home/beinan:/bin/bash
linuxsir:x:505:502:linuxsir open,linuxsir office,13898667715:/home/linuxsir:/bin/bash
beinan:x:500:500:beinan sun:/home/beinan:/bin/bash
linuxsir:x:501:502::/home/linuxsir:/bin/bash
絎竴瀛楁錛氱敤鎴峰悕錛堜篃琚О涓虹櫥褰曞悕錛夛紱鍦ㄤ笂闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓紝鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌榪欎袱涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅垎鍒槸 beinan 鍜宭inuxsir錛?br>絎簩瀛楁錛氬彛浠わ紱鍦ㄤ緥瀛愪腑鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌鐨勬槸涓涓獂錛屽叾瀹炲瘑鐮佸凡琚槧灝勫埌/etc/shadow 鏂囦歡涓紱
絎笁瀛楁錛歎ID 錛涜鍙傜湅鏈枃鐨刄ID鐨勮В璇達(dá)紱
絎洓瀛楁錛欸ID錛涜鍙傜湅鏈枃鐨凣ID鐨勮В璇達(dá)紱
絎簲瀛楁錛氱敤鎴峰悕鍏ㄧО錛岃繖鏄彲閫夌殑錛屽彲浠ヤ笉璁劇疆錛屽湪beinan榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛涓紝鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫叏縐版槸beinan sun 錛涜宭inuxsir 榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鏄病鏈夎緗叏縐幫紱
絎叚瀛楁錛氱敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曟墍鍦ㄤ綅緗紱beinan 榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鏄?home/beinan 錛岃宭inuxsir 榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鏄?home/linuxsir 錛?br>絎竷瀛楁錛氱敤鎴鋒墍鐢⊿HELL 鐨勭被鍨嬶紝beinan鍜宭inuxsir 閮界敤鐨勬槸 bash 錛涙墍浠ヨ緗負(fù)/bin/bash 錛?/p>

2錛夊叧浜嶶ID 鐨勭悊瑙o細(xì)

UID 鏄敤鎴風(fēng)殑ID 鍊鹼紝鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑姣忎釜鐢ㄦ埛鐨刄ID鐨勫兼槸鍞竴鐨勶紝鏇寸‘鍒囩殑璇存瘡涓敤鎴烽兘瑕佸搴斾竴涓敮涓鐨刄ID 錛岀郴緇熺鐞嗗憳搴旇紜繚榪欎竴瑙勫垯銆傜郴緇熺敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID鐨勫間粠0寮濮嬶紝鏄竴涓鏁存暟錛岃嚦浜庢渶澶у煎彲浠ュ湪/etc/login.defs 鍙互鏌ュ埌錛屼竴鑸琇inux鍙戣鐗堢害瀹氫負(fù)60000錛?鍦↙inux 涓紝root鐨刄ID鏄?錛屾嫢鏈夌郴緇熸渶楂樻潈闄愶紱
UID 鍦ㄧ郴緇熷敮涓鐗規(guī)э紝鍋氫負(fù)緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樺簲璇ョ‘淇濊繖涓鏍囧噯錛孶ID 鐨勫敮涓鎬у叧緋誨埌緋葷粺鐨勫畨鍏紝搴旇鍊煎緱鎴戜滑鍏蟲敞錛佹瘮濡傛垜鍦?etc/passwd 涓妸beinan鐨刄ID 鏀逛負(fù)0鍚庯紝浣犺鎯充細(xì)鍙戠敓浠涔堝憿錛焍einan榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛浼?xì)琚嫯璁や负root鐢ㄦ埛銆俠einan榪欎釜甯愬彿鍙互榪涜鎵鏈塺oot鐨勬搷浣滐紱

UID 鏄‘璁ょ敤鎴鋒潈闄愮殑鏍囪瘑錛岀敤鎴風(fēng)櫥褰曠郴緇熸墍澶勭殑瑙掕壊鏄氳繃UID 鏉ュ疄鐜扮殑錛岃岄潪鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶏紝鍒囪錛涙妸鍑犱釜鐢ㄦ埛鍏辯敤涓涓猆ID 鏄嵄闄╃殑錛屾瘮濡傛垜浠笂闈㈡墍璋堝埌鐨勶紝鎶婃櫘閫氱敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID 鏀逛負(fù)0錛屽拰root鍏辯敤涓涓猆ID 錛岃繖浜嬪疄涓婂氨閫犳垚浜嗙郴緇熺鐞嗘潈闄愮殑娣蜂貢銆傚鏋滄垜浠兂鐢╮oot鏉冮檺錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃su鎴杝udo鏉ュ疄鐜幫紱鍒囦笉鍙殢鎰忚涓涓敤鎴峰拰root鍒嗕韓鍚屼竴涓猆ID 錛?/p>

UID鏄敮涓鎬э紝鍙槸瑕佹眰綆$悊鍛樻墍鍋氱殑錛屽叾瀹炴垜浠慨鏀?etc/passwd 鏂囦歡錛屽彲浠ヤ慨鏀逛換浣曠敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID鐨勫間負(fù)0錛?br>涓鑸儏鍐典笅錛屾瘡涓狶inux鐨勫彂琛岀増閮戒細(xì)棰勭暀涓瀹氱殑UID鍜孏ID緇欑郴緇熻櫄鎷熺敤鎴峰崰鐢紝铏氭嫙鐢ㄦ埛涓鑸槸緋葷粺瀹夎鏃跺氨鏈夌殑錛屾槸涓轟簡瀹屾垚緋葷粺浠誨姟鎵蹇呴』鐨勭敤鎴鳳紝浣嗚櫄鎷熺敤鎴鋒槸涓嶈兘鐧誨綍緋葷粺鐨勶紝姣斿ftp銆乶obody銆乤dm銆乺pm銆乥in銆乻hutdown絳夛紱
鍦‵edora 緋葷粺浼?xì)鎶婂?99 涓猆ID鍜孏ID 棰勭暀鍑烘潵錛屾垜浠坊鍔犳柊鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁殑UID 浠?00寮濮嬬殑錛孏ID涔熸槸浠?00寮濮嬶紝鑷充簬鍏跺畠緋葷粺錛屾湁鐨勭郴緇熷彲鑳戒細(xì)鎶婂墠999UID鍜孏ID棰勭暀鍑烘潵錛涗互鍚勪釜緋葷粺涓?etc/login.defs涓殑 UID_MIN 鐨勬渶灝忓間負(fù)鍑嗭紱 Fedora 緋葷粺 login.defs鐨刄ID_MIN鏄?00錛岃孶ID_MAX 鍊間負(fù)60000錛屼篃灝辨槸璇存垜浠氳繃adduser榛樿娣誨姞鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID鐨勫兼槸500鍒?0000涔嬮棿錛涜孲lackware 閫氳繃adduser涓嶆寚瀹歎ID鏉ユ坊鍔犵敤鎴鳳紝榛樿UID 鏄粠1000寮濮嬶紱

2銆佸叧浜?etc/shadow 錛?br>1錛?etc/shadow 姒傝錛?/p>

/etc/shadow鏂囦歡鏄?etc/passwd 鐨勫獎(jiǎng)瀛愭枃浠訛紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡騫朵笉鐢?etc/passwd 鑰屼駭鐢熺殑錛岃繖涓や釜鏂囦歡鏄簲璇ユ槸瀵瑰簲浜掕ˉ鐨勶紱shadow鍐呭鍖呮嫭鐢ㄦ埛鍙?qiáng)琚姞瀵嗙殑瀵嗙爜浠ュ強(qiáng)鍏跺?etc/passwd 涓嶈兘鍖呮嫭鐨勪俊鎭紝姣斿鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬湁鏁堟湡闄愮瓑錛涜繖涓枃浠跺彧鏈塺oot鏉冮檺鍙互璇誨彇鍜屾搷浣滐紝鏉冮檺濡備笅錛?/p>

-r-------- 1 root root 1.5K 10鏈?16 09:49 /etc/shadow
/etc/shadow 鐨勬潈闄愪笉鑳介殢渚挎敼涓哄叾瀹冪敤鎴峰彲璇伙紝榪欐牱鍋氭槸鍗遍櫓鐨勩傚鏋滄?zhèn)ㄥ彂鐜皹q欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愬彉鎴愪簡鍏跺畠鐢ㄦ埛緇勬垨鐢ㄦ埛鍙浜嗭紝瑕佽繘琛屾鏌ワ紝浠ラ槻緋葷粺瀹夊叏闂鐨勫彂鐢燂紱
濡傛灉鎴戜滑浠ユ櫘閫氱敤鎴鋒煡鐪嬭繖涓枃浠舵椂錛屽簲璇ヤ粈涔堜篃鏌ョ湅涓嶅埌錛屾彁紺烘槸鏉冮檺涓嶅錛?/p>

[beinan@localhost ~]$ more /etc/shadow
/etc/shadow: 鏉冮檺涓嶅

2錛?etc/shadow 鐨勫唴瀹瑰垎鏋愶紱

/etc/shadow 鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹瑰寘鎷?涓浣嶏紝姣忎釜孌典綅涔嬮棿鐢?鍙峰垎鍓詫紱鎴戜滑浠ュ涓嬬殑渚嬪瓙璇存槑錛?/p>

beinan:$1$VE.Mq2Xf$2c9Qi7EQ9JP8GKF8gH7PB1:13072:0:99999:7:::
linuxsir:$1$IPDvUhXP$8R6J/VtPXvLyXxhLWPrnt/:13072:0:99999:7::13108:
絎竴瀛楁錛氱敤鎴峰悕錛堜篃琚О涓虹櫥褰曞悕錛夛紝鍦?etc/shadow涓紝鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅拰/etc/passwd 鏄浉鍚岀殑錛岃繖鏍峰氨鎶妏asswd 鍜宻hadow涓敤鐨勭敤鎴瘋褰曡仈緋誨湪涓璧鳳紱榪欎釜瀛楁鏄潪絀虹殑錛?br>絎簩瀛楁錛氬瘑鐮侊紙宸茶鍔犲瘑錛夛紝濡傛灉鏄湁浜涚敤鎴峰湪榪欐鏄痻錛岃〃紺鴻繖涓敤鎴蜂笉鑳界櫥褰曞埌緋葷粺錛涜繖涓瓧孌墊槸闈炵┖鐨勶紱
絎笁瀛楁錛氫笂嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ょ殑鏃墮棿錛涜繖涓椂闂存槸浠?970騫?1鏈?1鏃ョ畻璧峰埌鏈榪戜竴嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ょ殑鏃墮棿闂撮殧錛堝ぉ鏁幫級(jí)錛屾?zhèn)ㄥ彲浠ラ氳繃passwd 鏉ヤ慨鏀圭敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀵嗙爜錛岀劧鍚庢煡鐪?etc/shadow涓瀛楁鐨勫彉鍖栵紱
絎洓瀛楁錛氫袱嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ら棿闅旀渶灝戠殑澶╂暟錛涘鏋滆緗負(fù)0,鍒欑鐢ㄦ鍔熻兘錛涗篃灝辨槸璇寸敤鎴峰繀欏葷粡榪囧灝戝ぉ鎵嶈兘淇敼鍏跺彛浠わ紱姝ら」鍔熻兘鐢ㄥ涓嶆槸澶ぇ錛涢粯璁ゅ兼槸閫氳繃/etc/login.defs鏂囦歡瀹氫箟涓幏鍙栵紝PASS_MIN_DAYS 涓湁瀹氫箟錛?br>絎簲瀛楁錛氫袱嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ら棿闅旀渶澶氱殑澶╂暟錛涜繖涓兘澧炲己綆$悊鍛樼鐞嗙敤鎴峰彛浠ょ殑鏃舵晥鎬э紝搴旇璇村湪澧炲己浜嗙郴緇熺殑瀹夊叏鎬э紱濡傛灉鏄郴緇熼粯璁ゅ鹼紝鏄湪娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁敱/etc/login.defs鏂囦歡瀹氫箟涓幏鍙栵紝鍦≒ASS_MAX_DAYS 涓畾涔夛紱
絎叚瀛楁錛氭彁鍓嶅灝戝ぉ璀﹀憡鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)灝嗚繃鏈燂紱褰撶敤鎴風(fēng)櫥褰曠郴緇熷悗錛岀郴緇熺櫥褰曠▼搴忔彁閱掔敤鎴峰彛浠ゅ皢瑕佷綔搴燂紱濡傛灉鏄郴緇熼粯璁ゅ鹼紝鏄湪娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁敱/etc/login.defs鏂囦歡瀹氫箟涓幏鍙栵紝鍦≒ASS_WARN_AGE 涓畾涔夛紱
絎竷瀛楁錛氬湪鍙d護(hù)榪囨湡涔嬪悗澶氬皯澶╃鐢ㄦ鐢ㄦ埛錛涙瀛楁琛ㄧず鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)浣滃簾澶氬皯澶╁悗錛岀郴緇熶細(xì)紱佺敤姝ょ敤鎴鳳紝涔熷氨鏄緋葷粺浼?xì)涓嶈兘鍐嶈姝ょ敤鎴风櫿d綍錛屼篃涓嶄細(xì)鎻愮ず鐢ㄦ埛榪囨湡錛屾槸瀹屽叏紱佺敤錛?br>絎叓瀛楁錛氱敤鎴瘋繃鏈熸棩鏈燂紱姝ゅ瓧孌墊寚瀹氫簡鐢ㄦ埛浣滃簾鐨勫ぉ鏁幫紙浠?970騫寸殑1鏈?鏃ュ紑濮嬬殑澶╂暟錛夛紝濡傛灉榪欎釜瀛楁鐨勫間負(fù)絀猴紝甯愬彿姘鎬箙鍙敤錛?br>絎節(jié)瀛楁錛氫繚鐣欏瓧孌碉紝鐩墠涓虹┖錛屼互澶囧皢鏉inux鍙戝睍涔嬬敤錛?br>濡傛灉鏇翠負(fù)璇︾粏鐨勶紝璇風(fēng)敤 man shadow鏉ユ煡鐪嬪府鍔╋紝鎮(zhèn)ㄤ細(xì)寰楀埌鏇翠負(fù)璇﹀敖鐨勮祫鏂欙紱
鎴戜滑鍐嶆牴鎹疄渚嬪垎鏋愶細(xì)
beinan:$1$VE.Mq2Xf$2c9Qi7EQ9JP8GKF8gH7PB1:13072:0:99999:7:::
linuxsir:$1$IPDvUhXP$8R6J/VtPXvLyXxhLWPrnt/:13072:0:99999:7::13108:
絎竴瀛楁錛氱敤鎴峰悕錛堜篃琚О涔嬩負(fù)鐧誨綍鍚嶏級(jí)錛屽湪渚嬪瓙涓湁宄¤胺涓ゆ潯璁板綍錛屼篃琛ㄧず鏈変袱涓敤鎴穊einan鍜宭inuxsir
絎簩瀛楁錛氳鍔犲瘑鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝濡傛灉鏈夌殑鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄦ瀛楁涓槸x錛岃〃紺鴻繖涓敤鎴蜂笉鑳界櫥褰曠郴緇燂紝涔熷彲浠ョ湅浣滄槸铏氭嫙鐢ㄦ埛錛屼笉榪囪櫄鎷熺敤鎴峰拰鐪熷疄鐢ㄦ埛閮芥槸鐩稿鐨勶紝緋葷粺綆$悊鍛橀殢鏃跺彲浠ュ浠諱綍鐢ㄦ埛鎿嶄綔錛?br>絎笁瀛楁錛氳〃紺轟笂嬈℃洿鏀瑰彛浠ょ殑澶╂暟錛堣窛1970騫?1鏈?1鏃ワ級(jí)錛屼笂闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙鑳借鏄巄einan鍜宭inuxsir榪欎袱涓敤鎴鳳紝鏄湪鍚屼竴澶╂洿鏀逛簡鐢ㄦ埛瀵嗙爜錛屽綋鐒舵槸閫氳繃passwd 鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ洿鏀圭殑錛屾洿鏀瑰瘑鐮佺殑鏃墮棿璺?970騫?1鏈?1鏃ョ殑澶╂暟涓?3072錛?br>絎洓瀛楁錛氱鐢ㄤ袱嬈″彛浠や慨鏀逛箣闂存渶灝忓ぉ鏁扮殑鍔熻兘錛岃緗負(fù)0
絎簲瀛楁錛氫袱嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ら棿闅旀渶澶氱殑澶╂暟錛屽湪渚嬪瓙涓兘鏄?9999澶╋紱榪欎釜鍊煎鏋滃湪娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃舵病鏈夋寚瀹氱殑璇濓紝鏄氳繃/etc/login.defs鏉ヨ幏鍙栭粯璁ゅ鹼紝PASS_MAX_DAYS 99999錛涙?zhèn)ㄥ彲浠ユ煡鐪?etc/login.defs鏉ユ煡鐪嬶紝鍏蜂綋鐨勫鹼紱
絎叚瀛楁錛氭彁鍓嶅灝戝ぉ璀﹀憡鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)灝嗚繃鏈燂紱褰撶敤鎴風(fēng)櫥褰曠郴緇熷悗錛岀郴緇熺櫥褰曠▼搴忔彁閱掔敤鎴峰彛浠ゅ皢瑕佷綔搴燂紱濡傛灉鏄郴緇熼粯璁ゅ鹼紝鏄湪娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁敱/etc/login.defs鏂囦歡瀹氫箟涓幏鍙栵紝鍦≒ASS_WARN_AGE 涓畾涔夛紱鍦ㄤ緥瀛愪腑鐨勫兼槸7 錛岃〃紺哄湪鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)灝嗚繃鏈熺殑鍓?澶╄鍛婄敤鎴鋒洿鏀規(guī)湡鍙d護(hù)錛?br>絎竷瀛楁錛氬湪鍙d護(hù)榪囨湡涔嬪悗澶氬皯澶╃鐢ㄦ鐢ㄦ埛錛涙瀛楁琛ㄧず鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)浣滃簾澶氬皯澶╁悗錛岀郴緇熶細(xì)紱佺敤姝ょ敤鎴鳳紝涔熷氨鏄緋葷粺浼?xì)涓嶈兘鍐嶈姝ょ敤鎴风櫿d綍錛屼篃涓嶄細(xì)鎻愮ず鐢ㄦ埛榪囨湡錛屾槸瀹屽叏紱佺敤錛涘湪渚嬪瓙涓紝姝ゅ瓧孌典袱涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑閮芥槸絀虹殑錛岃〃紺虹鐢ㄨ繖涓姛鑳斤紱
絎叓瀛楁錛氱敤鎴瘋繃鏈熸棩鏈燂紱姝ゅ瓧孌墊寚瀹氫簡鐢ㄦ埛浣滃簾鐨勫ぉ鏁幫紙浠?970騫寸殑1鏈?鏃ュ紑濮嬬殑澶╂暟錛夛紝濡傛灉榪欎釜瀛楁鐨勫間負(fù)絀猴紝甯愬彿姘鎬箙鍙敤錛涘湪渚嬪瓙涓紝鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌beinan榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄦ瀛楁鏄┖鐨勶紝琛ㄧず姝ょ敤鎴鋒案涔呭彲鐢紱鑰宭inuxsir榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛琛ㄧず鍦ㄨ窛1970騫?1鏈?1鏃ュ悗13108澶╁悗榪囨湡錛岀畻璧鋒潵涔熷氨鏄?005騫?1鏈?1鍙瘋繃鏈燂紱鍝堝搱錛屽鏋滄湁鍏磋叮鐨勭殑寮熷厔錛岃嚜宸辨潵綆楃畻錛屽ぇ浣撹繕鏄樊涓嶅鐨?)錛?br>絎節(jié)瀛楁錛氫繚鐣欏瓧孌碉紝鐩墠涓虹┖錛屼互澶囧皢鏉inux鍙戝睍涔嬬敤錛?/p>


鏈枃鏉ヨ嚜CSDN鍗氬錛岃漿杞借鏍囨槑鍑哄錛?a >http://blog.csdn.net/wupan168/archive/2009/09/17/4563268.aspx



Prayer 2009-09-24 09:52 鍙戣〃璇勮
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Linux鐢ㄦ埛綆$悊鍏ㄦ敾鐣ワ紙涓錛?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97095.html</link><dc:creator>Prayer</dc:creator><author>Prayer</author><pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2009 01:40:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97095.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/97095.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/archive/2009/09/24/97095.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/comments/commentRss/97095.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/prayer/services/trackbacks/97095.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p>Linux 鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌鐞嗘榪?/p> <p>鎽樿錛氭湰鏂囦富瑕佽榪板湪Linux 緋葷粺涓敤鎴?user)鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍(group)綆$悊鐩稿簲鐨勬蹇碉紱鐢ㄦ埛(user)鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍(group)鐩稿叧鍛戒護(hù)鐨勫垪涓撅紱鍏朵腑涔熷鍗曠敤鎴峰浠誨姟錛屽鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔′篃鍋氫互瑙h錛屾湰鏂囧簲璇ヨ鏄瘮杈冨熀紜鐨勬枃妗o紱</p> <p><br>涓銆佺悊瑙inux鐨勫崟鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔★紝澶氱敤鎴峰浠誨姟姒傚康錛?br>Linux 鏄竴涓鐢ㄦ埛銆佸浠誨姟鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇燂紱鎴戜滑搴旇浜嗚В鍗曠敤鎴峰浠誨姟鍜屽鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔$殑姒傚康錛?/p> <p>1銆丩inux 鐨勫崟鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔★紱<br>鍗曠敤鎴峰浠誨姟錛涙瘮濡傛垜浠互beinan 鐧誨綍緋葷粺錛岃繘鍏ョ郴緇熷悗錛屾垜瑕佹墦寮gedit 鏉ュ啓鏂囨。錛屼絾鍦ㄥ啓鏂囨。鐨勮繃紼嬩腑錛屾垜鎰熻灝戠偣闊充箰錛屾墍浠ュ張鎵撳紑xmms 鏉ョ偣闊充箰錛涘綋鐒跺惉鐐歸煶涔愯繕涓嶈錛孧SN 榪樺緱鎵撳紑錛屾兂鐭ラ亾鍑犱釜寮熷厔鐜板湪姝e湪鍋氫粈涔堬紝榪欐牱涓鏍鳳紝鎴戝湪鐢╞einan 鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍鏃訛紝鎵ц浜唃edit 銆亁mms浠ュ強(qiáng)msn絳夛紝褰撶劧榪樻湁杈撳叆娉昮citx 錛涜繖鏍瘋鏉ュ氨鏈夌偣綆鍗曚簡錛屼竴涓猙einan鐢ㄦ埛錛屼負(fù)浜嗗畬鎴愬伐浣滐紝鎵ц浜嗗嚑涓換鍔★紱褰撶劧beinan榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛錛屽叾瀹冪殑浜鴻繕鑳戒互榪滅▼鐧誨綍榪囨潵錛屼篃鑳藉仛鍏跺畠鐨勫伐浣溿?/p> <p>2銆丩inux 鐨勫鐢ㄦ埛銆佸浠誨姟錛?/p> <p>鏈夋椂鍙兘鏄緢澶氱敤鎴峰悓鏃剁敤鍚屼竴涓郴緇燂紝浣嗗茍涓嶆墍鏈夌殑鐢ㄦ埛閮戒竴瀹氶兘瑕佸仛鍚屼竴浠朵簨錛屾墍浠ヨ繖灝辨湁澶氱敤鎴峰浠誨姟涔嬭錛?br>涓句釜渚嬪瓙錛屾瘮濡侺inuxSir.Org 鏈嶅姟鍣紝涓婇潰鏈塅TP 鐢ㄦ埛銆佺郴緇熺鐞嗗憳銆亀eb 鐢ㄦ埛銆佸父瑙勬櫘閫氱敤鎴風(fēng)瓑錛屽湪鍚屼竴鏃跺埢錛屽彲鑳芥湁鐨勫紵鍏勬鍦ㄨ闂鍧涳紱鏈夌殑鍙兘鍦ㄤ笂浼犺蔣浠跺寘綆$悊瀛愮珯錛屾瘮濡俵uma 鎴朰uking 鍏勫湪綆$悊浠栦滑鐨勪富欏電郴緇熷拰FTP 錛涘湪涓庢鍚屾椂錛屽彲鑳借繕浼?xì)鏈壘p葷粺綆$悊鍛樺湪緇存姢緋葷粺錛涙祻瑙堜富欏電殑鐢ㄧ殑鏄痭obody 鐢ㄦ埛錛屽ぇ瀹墮兘鐢ㄥ悓涓涓紝鑰屼笂浼犺蔣浠跺寘鐢ㄧ殑鏄疐TP鐢ㄦ埛錛涚鐞嗗憳鐨勫緋葷粺鐨勭淮鎶ゆ垨鏌ョ湅錛屽彲鑳界敤鐨勬槸鏅氬笎鍙鋒垨瓚呯駭鏉冮檺root甯愬彿錛涗笉鍚岀敤鎴鋒墍鍏鋒湁鐨勬潈闄愪篃涓嶅悓錛岃瀹屾垚涓嶅悓鐨勪換鍔″緱闇瑕佷笉鍚岀殑鐢ㄦ埛錛屼篃鍙互璇翠笉鍚岀殑鐢ㄦ埛錛屽彲鑳藉畬鎴愮殑宸ヤ綔涔熶笉涓鏍鳳紱<br>鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸錛氬鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔″茍涓嶆槸澶у鍚屾椂鎸ゅ埌涓鎺ュ湪涓鍙版満鍣ㄧ殑鐨勯敭鐩樺拰鏄劇ず鍣ㄥ墠鏉ユ搷浣滄満鍣紝澶氱敤鎴峰彲鑳介氳繃榪滅▼鐧誨綍鏉ヨ繘琛岋紝姣斿瀵規(guī)湇鍔″櫒鐨勮繙紼嬫帶鍒訛紝鍙鏈夌敤鎴鋒潈闄愪換浣曚漢閮芥槸鍙互涓婂幓鎿嶄綔鎴栬闂殑錛?/p> <p>3銆佺敤鎴風(fēng)殑瑙掕壊鍖哄垎錛?/p> <p>鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑鏄垎瑙掕壊鐨勶紝鍦↙inux 緋葷粺涓紝鐢變簬瑙掕壊涓嶅悓錛屾潈闄愬拰鎵瀹屾垚鐨勪換鍔′篃涓嶅悓錛涘煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮鑹叉槸閫氳繃UID鍜岃瘑鍒殑錛岀壒鍒槸UID錛涘湪緋葷粺綆$悊涓紝緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樹竴瀹氳鍧氬畧UID 鍞竴鐨勭壒鎬э紱<br>root 鐢ㄦ埛錛氱郴緇熷敮涓錛屾槸鐪熷疄鐨勶紝鍙互鐧誨綍緋葷粺錛屽彲浠ユ搷浣滅郴緇熶換浣曟枃浠跺拰鍛戒護(hù)錛屾嫢鏈夋渶楂樻潈闄愶紱<br>铏氭嫙鐢ㄦ埛錛氳繖綾葷敤鎴蜂篃琚О涔嬩負(fù)浼敤鎴鋒垨鍋囩敤鎴鳳紝涓庣湡瀹炵敤鎴峰尯鍒嗗紑鏉ワ紝榪欑被鐢ㄦ埛涓嶅叿鏈夌櫥褰曠郴緇熺殑鑳藉姏錛屼絾鍗存槸緋葷粺榪愯涓嶅彲緙哄皯鐨勭敤鎴鳳紝姣斿bin銆乨aemon銆乤dm銆乫tp銆乵ail絳夛紱榪欑被鐢ㄦ埛閮界郴緇熻嚜韜嫢鏈夌殑錛岃岄潪鍚庢潵娣誨姞鐨勶紝褰撶劧鎴戜滑涔熷彲浠ユ坊鍔犺櫄鎷熺敤鎴鳳紱<br>鏅氱湡瀹炵敤鎴鳳細(xì)榪欑被鐢ㄦ埛鑳界櫥褰曠郴緇燂紝浣嗗彧鑳芥搷浣滆嚜宸卞鐩綍鐨勫唴瀹癸紱鏉冮檺鏈夐檺錛涜繖綾葷敤鎴烽兘鏄郴緇熺鐞嗗憳鑷娣誨姞鐨勶紱</p> <p>4銆佸鐢ㄦ埛鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨勫畨鍏紱</p> <p>澶氱敤鎴風(fēng)郴緇熶粠浜嬪疄鏉ヨ瀵圭郴緇熺鐞嗘洿涓烘柟渚褲備粠瀹夊叏瑙掑害鏉ヨ錛屽鐢ㄦ埛綆$悊鐨勭郴緇熸洿涓哄畨鍏紝姣斿beinan鐢ㄦ埛涓嬬殑鏌愪釜鏂囦歡涓嶆兂璁╁叾瀹冪敤鎴風(fēng)湅鍒幫紝鍙槸璁劇疆涓涓嬫枃浠剁殑鏉冮檺錛屽彧鏈塨einan涓涓敤鎴峰彲璇誨彲鍐欏彲緙栬緫灝辮浜嗭紝榪欐牱涓鏉ュ彧鏈塨einan涓涓敤鎴峰彲浠ュ鍏剁鏈夋枃浠惰繘琛屾搷浣滐紝Linux 鍦ㄥ鐢ㄦ埛涓嬭〃鐜版渶浣籌紝Linux鑳藉緢濂界殑淇濇姢姣忎釜鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫畨鍏紝浣嗘垜浠篃寰楀浼?xì)Linux 鎵嶆槸錛屽啀瀹夊叏鐨勭郴緇燂紝濡傛灉娌℃湁瀹夊叏鎰忚瘑鐨勭鐞嗗憳鎴栫鐞嗘妧鏈紝榪欐牱鐨勭郴緇熶篃涓嶆槸瀹夊叏鐨勩?br>浠庢湇鍔″櫒瑙掑害鏉ヨ錛屽鐢ㄦ埛鐨勪笅鐨勭郴緇熷畨鍏ㄦт篃鏄渶涓洪噸瑕佺殑錛屾垜浠父鐢ㄧ殑Windows 鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛屽畠鍦ㄧ郴綰烘潈闄愮鐞嗙殑鑳藉姏鍙兘璇存槸涓鑸埇錛屾牴鏈病鏈夋病鏈夊姙娉曞拰Linux鎴朥nix 綾葷郴緇熺浉姣旓紱</p> <p>浜屻佺敤鎴?user錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夋蹇碉紱</p> <p>1銆佺敤鎴鳳紙user錛夌殑姒傚康錛?br>閫氳繃鍓嶉潰瀵筁inux 澶氱敤鎴風(fēng)殑鐞嗚В錛屾垜浠槑鐧絃inux 鏄湡姝f剰涔変笂鐨勫鐢ㄦ埛鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛屾墍浠ユ垜浠兘鍦↙inux緋葷粺涓緩鑻ュ共鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夈傛瘮濡傛垜浠殑鍚屼簨鎯崇敤鎴戠殑璁$畻鏈猴紝浣嗘垜涓嶆兂璁╀粬鐢ㄦ垜鐨勭敤鎴峰悕鐧誨綍錛屽洜涓烘垜鐨勭敤鎴峰悕涓嬫湁涓嶆兂璁╁埆浜虹湅鍒扮殑璧勬枡鍜屼俊鎭紙涔熷氨鏄殣縐佸唴瀹癸級(jí)榪欐椂鎴戝氨鍙互緇欎粬寤轟竴涓柊鐨勭敤鎴峰悕錛岃浠栫敤鎴戞墍寮鐨勭敤鎴峰悕鍘繪姌鑵撅紝榪欎粠璁$畻鏈哄畨鍏ㄨ搴︽潵璇存槸絎﹀悎鎿嶄綔瑙勫垯鐨勶紱<br>褰撶劧鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夌殑姒傚康鐞嗚В榪樹笉浠呬粎浜庢錛屽湪Linux緋葷粺涓繕鏈変竴浜涚敤鎴鋒槸鐢ㄦ潵瀹屾垚鐗瑰畾浠誨姟鐨勶紝姣斿nobody鍜宖tp 絳夛紝鎴戜滑璁塊棶LinuxSir.Org 鐨勭綉欏電▼搴忥紝灝辨槸nobody鐢ㄦ埛錛涙垜浠尶鍚嶈闂甪tp 鏃訛紝浼?xì)鐢ㄥ埌鐢ㄦ埛ftp鎴杗obody 錛涘鏋滄?zhèn)ㄦ兂浜嗚ВLinux緋葷粺鐨勪竴浜涘笎鍙鳳紝璇鋒煡鐪?/etc/passwd 錛?/p> <p>2銆佺敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛坓roup錛夌殑姒傚康錛?br>鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夊氨鏄叿鏈夌浉鍚岀壒寰佺殑鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夌殑闆嗗悎浣擄紱姣斿鏈夋椂鎴戜滑瑕佽澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛鍏鋒湁鐩稿悓鐨勬潈闄愶紝姣斿鏌ョ湅銆佷慨鏀規(guī)煇涓鏂囦歡鎴栨墽琛屾煇涓懡浠わ紝榪欐椂鎴戜滑闇瑕佺敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛屾垜浠妸鐢ㄦ埛閮藉畾涔夊埌鍚屼竴鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紝鎴戜滑閫氳繃淇敼鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曠殑鏉冮檺錛岃鐢ㄦ埛緇勫叿鏈変竴瀹氱殑鎿嶄綔鏉冮檺錛岃繖鏍風(fēng)敤鎴風(fēng)粍涓嬬殑鐢ㄦ埛瀵硅鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曢兘鍏鋒湁鐩稿悓鐨勬潈闄愶紝榪欐槸鎴戜滑閫氳繃瀹氫箟緇勫拰淇敼鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愭潵瀹炵幇鐨勶紱<br>涓句緥錛氭垜浠負(fù)浜嗚涓浜涚敤鎴鋒湁鏉冮檺鏌ョ湅鏌愪竴鏂囨。錛屾瘮濡傛槸涓涓椂闂磋〃錛岃岀紪鍐欐椂闂磋〃鐨勪漢瑕佸叿鏈夎鍐欐墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺錛屾垜浠兂璁╀竴浜涚敤鎴風(fēng)煡閬撹繖涓椂闂磋〃鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鑰屼笉璁╀粬浠慨鏀癸紝鎵浠ユ垜浠彲浠ユ妸榪欎簺鐢ㄦ埛閮藉垝鍒頒竴涓粍錛岀劧鍚庢潵淇敼榪欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愶紝璁╃敤鎴風(fēng)粍鍙錛岃繖鏍風(fēng)敤鎴風(fēng)粍涓嬮潰鐨勬瘡涓敤鎴烽兘鏄彲璇葷殑錛?br>鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍鐨勫搴斿叧緋繪槸錛氫竴瀵逛竴銆佸瀵逛竴銆佷竴瀵瑰鎴栧瀵瑰錛?br>涓瀵逛竴錛氭煇涓敤鎴峰彲浠ユ槸鏌愪釜緇勭殑鍞竴鎴愬憳錛?br>澶氬涓錛氬涓敤鎴峰彲浠ユ槸鏌愪釜鍞竴鐨勭粍鐨勬垚鍛橈紝涓嶅綊灞炲叾瀹冪敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛涙瘮濡俠einan鍜宭inuxsir涓や釜鐢ㄦ埛鍙綊灞炰簬beinan鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紱<br>涓瀵瑰錛氭煇涓敤鎴峰彲浠ユ槸澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛緇勭殑鎴愬憳錛涙瘮濡俠einan鍙互鏄痳oot緇勬垚鍛橈紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸linuxsir鐢ㄦ埛緇勬垚鍛橈紝榪樺彲浠ユ槸adm鐢ㄦ埛緇勬垚鍛橈紱<br>澶氬澶氾細(xì)澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛瀵瑰簲澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紝騫朵笖鍑犱釜鐢ㄦ埛鍙互鏄綊灞炵浉鍚岀殑緇勶紱鍏跺疄澶氬澶氱殑鍏崇郴鏄墠闈笁鏉$殑鎵╁睍錛涚悊瑙d簡涓婇潰鐨勪笁鏉★紝榪欐潯涔熻兘鐞嗚В錛?/p> <p>涓夈佺敤鎴鳳紙user錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡銆佸懡浠ゆ垨鐩綍錛?/p> <p>1銆佷笌鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?br>1錛変笌鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夌浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?/p> <p>/etc/passwd 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夌殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?br>/etc/shadow 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夊獎(jiǎng)瀛愬彛浠ゆ枃浠訛紱</p> <p>2錛変笌鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?br>/etc/group 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夐厤緗枃浠訛紱<br>/etc/gshadow 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌殑褰卞瓙鏂囦歡錛?/p> <p>2銆佺鐞嗙敤鎴鳳紙user錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌殑鐩稿叧宸ュ叿鎴栧懡浠わ紱</p> <p>1錛夌鐞嗙敤鎴鳳紙user錛夌殑宸ュ叿鎴栧懡浠わ紱<br>useradd 娉細(xì)娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛<br>adduser 娉細(xì)娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛<br>passwd 娉細(xì)涓虹敤鎴瘋緗瘑鐮?br>usermod 娉細(xì)淇敼鐢ㄦ埛鍛戒護(hù)錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃usermod 鏉ヤ慨鏀圭櫥褰曞悕銆佺敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曠瓑絳夛紱<br>pwcov 娉細(xì)鍚屾鐢ㄦ埛浠?etc/passwd 鍒?etc/shadow<br>pwck 娉細(xì)pwck鏄牎楠岀敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠?etc/passwd 鍜?etc/shadow 鏂囦歡鍐呭鏄惁鍚堟硶鎴栧畬鏁達(dá)紱<br>pwunconv 娉細(xì)鏄痯wcov 鐨勭珛閫嗗悜鎿嶄綔錛屾槸浠?etc/shadow鍜?/etc/passwd 鍒涘緩/etc/passwd 錛岀劧鍚庝細(xì)鍒犻櫎 /etc/shadow 鏂囦歡錛?br>finger 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅宸ュ叿<br>id 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛鐨刄ID銆丟ID鍙?qiáng)鎵褰掑睘鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)粍<br>chfn 娉細(xì)鏇存敼鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅宸ュ叿<br>su 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛鍒囨崲宸ュ叿<br>sudo 娉細(xì)sudo 鏄氳繃鍙︿竴涓敤鎴鋒潵鎵ц鍛戒護(hù)錛坋xecute a command as another user錛夛紝su 鏄敤鏉ュ垏鎹㈢敤鎴鳳紝鐒跺悗閫氳繃鍒囨崲鍒扮殑鐢ㄦ埛鏉ュ畬鎴愮浉搴旂殑浠誨姟錛屼絾sudo 鑳藉悗闈㈢洿鎺ユ墽琛屽懡浠わ紝姣斿sudo 涓嶉渶瑕乺oot 瀵嗙爜灝卞彲浠ユ墽琛宺oot 璧嬩笌鐨勬墽琛屽彧鏈塺oot鎵嶈兘鎵ц鐩稿簲鐨勫懡浠わ紱浣嗗緱閫氳繃visudo 鏉ョ紪杈?etc/sudoers鏉ュ疄鐜幫紱<br>visudo 娉細(xì)visodo 鏄紪杈?/etc/sudoers 鐨勫懡浠わ紱涔熷彲浠ヤ笉鐢ㄨ繖涓懡浠わ紝鐩存帴鐢╲i 鏉ョ紪杈?/etc/sudoers 鐨勬晥鏋滄槸涓鏍風(fēng)殑錛?br>sudoedit 娉細(xì)鍜宻udo 鍔熻兘宸笉澶氾紱</p> <p>2錛夌鐞嗙敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛坓roup錛夌殑宸ュ叿鎴栧懡浠わ紱</p> <p>groupadd 娉細(xì)娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紱<br>groupdel 娉細(xì)鍒犻櫎鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紱<br>groupmod 娉細(xì)淇敼鐢ㄦ埛緇勪俊鎭?br>groups 娉細(xì)鏄劇ず鐢ㄦ埛鎵灞炵殑鐢ㄦ埛緇?br>grpck<br>grpconv 娉細(xì)閫氳繃/etc/group鍜?etc/gshadow 鐨勬枃浠跺唴瀹規(guī)潵鍚屾鎴栧垱寤?etc/gshadow 錛屽鏋?etc/gshadow 涓嶅瓨鍦ㄥ垯鍒涘緩錛?br>grpunconv 娉細(xì)閫氳繃/etc/group 鍜?etc/gshadow 鏂囦歡鍐呭鏉ュ悓姝ユ垨鍒涘緩/etc/group 錛岀劧鍚庡垹闄shadow鏂囦歡錛?/p> <p>3銆?etc/skel 鐩綍錛?br>/etc/skel鐩綍涓鑸槸瀛樻斁鐢ㄦ埛鍚姩鏂囦歡鐨勭洰褰曪紝榪欎釜鐩綍鏄敱root鏉冮檺鎺у埗錛屽綋鎴戜滑娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃訛紝榪欎釜鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦歡鑷姩澶嶅埗鍒版柊娣誨姞鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曚笅錛?etc/skel 鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦歡閮芥槸闅愯棌鏂囦歡錛屼篃灝辨槸綾諱技.file鏍煎紡鐨勶紱鎴戜滑鍙氳繃淇敼銆佹坊鍔犮佸垹闄?etc/skel鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦歡錛屾潵涓虹敤鎴鋒彁渚涗竴涓粺涓銆佹爣鍑嗙殑銆侀粯璁ょ殑鐢ㄦ埛鐜錛?/p> <p>[root@localhost beinan]# ls -la /etc/skel/<br>鎬葷敤閲?92<br>drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 8鏈?11 23:32 .<br>drwxr-xr-x 115 root root 12288 10鏈?14 13:44 ..<br>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24 5鏈?11 00:15 .bash_logout<br>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 5鏈?11 00:15 .bash_profile<br>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124 5鏈?11 00:15 .bashrc<br>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5619 2005-03-08 .canna<br>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 438 5鏈?18 15:23 .emacs<br>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 120 5鏈?23 05:18 .gtkrc<br>drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 8鏈?11 23:16 .kde<br>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 658 2005-01-17 .zshrc<br>/etc/skel 鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦歡錛屼竴鑸槸鎴戜滑鐢╱seradd 鍜宎dduser 鍛戒護(hù)娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夋椂錛岀郴緇熻嚜鍔ㄥ鍒跺埌鏂版坊鍔犵敤鎴鳳紙user錛夌殑瀹剁洰褰曚笅錛涘鏋滄垜浠氳繃淇敼 /etc/passwd 鏉ユ坊鍔犵敤鎴鋒椂錛屾垜浠彲浠ヨ嚜宸卞垱寤虹敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曪紝鐒跺悗鎶?etc/skel 涓嬬殑鏂囦歡澶嶅埗鍒扮敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曚笅錛岀劧鍚庤鐢╟hown 鏉ユ敼鍙樻柊鐢ㄦ埛瀹剁洰褰曠殑灞炰富錛?br>4銆?etc/login.defs 閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?br>/etc/login.defs 鏂囦歡鏄綋鍒涘緩鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁殑涓浜涜鍒掞紝姣斿鍒涘緩鐢ㄦ埛鏃訛紝鏄惁闇瑕佸鐩綍錛孶ID鍜孏ID鐨勮寖鍥達(dá)紱鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬湡闄愮瓑絳夛紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡鏄彲浠ラ氳繃root鏉ュ畾涔夌殑錛?br>姣斿Fedora 鐨?/etc/logins.defs 鏂囦歡鍐呭錛?/p> <p># *REQUIRED*<br># Directory where mailboxes reside, _or_ name of file, relative to the<br># home directory. If you _do_ define both, MAIL_DIR takes precedence.<br># QMAIL_DIR is for Qmail<br>#<br>#QMAIL_DIR Maildir<br>MAIL_DIR /var/spool/mail 娉細(xì)鍒涘緩鐢ㄦ埛鏃訛紝瑕佸湪鐩綍/var/spool/mail涓垱寤轟竴涓敤鎴穖ail鏂囦歡錛?br>#MAIL_FILE .mail<br># Password aging controls:<br>#<br># PASS_MAX_DAYS Maximum number of days a password may be used.<br># PASS_MIN_DAYS Minimum number of days allowed between password changes.<br># PASS_MIN_LEN Minimum acceptable password length.<br># PASS_WARN_AGE Number of days warning given before a password expires.<br>#<br>PASS_MAX_DAYS 99999 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮佷笉榪囨湡鏈澶氱殑澶╂暟錛?br>PASS_MIN_DAYS 0 娉細(xì)瀵嗙爜淇敼涔嬮棿鏈灝忕殑澶╂暟錛?br>PASS_MIN_LEN 5 娉細(xì)瀵嗙爜鏈灝忛暱搴︼紱<br>PASS_WARN_AGE 7 娉細(xì)<br>#<br># Min/max values for automatic uid selection in useradd<br>#<br>UID_MIN 500 娉細(xì)鏈灝廢ID涓?00 錛屼篃灝辨槸璇存坊鍔犵敤鎴鋒椂錛孶ID 鏄粠500寮濮嬬殑錛?br>UID_MAX 60000 娉細(xì)鏈澶ID涓?0000錛?br>#<br># Min/max values for automatic gid selection in groupadd<br>#<br>GID_MIN 500 娉細(xì)GID 鏄粠500寮濮嬶紱<br>GID_MAX 60000<br>#<br># If defined, this command is run when removing a user.<br># It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by<br># the user to be removed (passed as the first argument).<br>#<br>#USERDEL_CMD /usr/sbin/userdel_local<br>#<br># If useradd should create home directories for users by default<br># On RH systems, we do. 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