锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
綆鍗曠殑璁茶堪涓涓媍ygwin鐨勫畨瑁呭拰閰嶇疆錛屽叆闂ㄧ駭鏁欑▼錛岃繕璇峰悇浣嶄竴浜屻?br>
棣栧厛鍒癶ttp://www.cygwin.com 涓嬭澆setup.exe?..exe鏀懼埌姝ょ洰褰曪紝
鐐瑰嚮榪愯錛孨ext->
閫塈nstall from Internet錛孨ext->
濉啓Root Directory錛屽X:\cygwin錛孨ext->
濉啓Local Package Directory錛屽X:\cygwin\ftp錛孨ext->
閫塂irect Connection錛孨ext->
閫変竴涓緝蹇殑ftp錛孨ext->
鍒頒簡鍏抽敭姝ラ錛屽鏋滀粎鎯沖畨瑁呭熀鏈郴緇燂紝鐩存帴Next錛涘鏋滄兂瀹屾暣瀹夎錛屽垯鐐瑰嚮All鏃佽竟鐨勬棆杞姸鍥炬爣錛屽皢Default鍒囨崲鑷矷nstall錛涘鏋滃拰鎴戜竴鏍鳳紝浠呮兂鍦ㄥ懡浠よ涓嬪啓鍐欑▼搴忥紝鍒欏彧瑕佸皢 gcc銆乵ake絳夊紑鍙戝伐鍏烽変笂錛岃繕鏈塷penssh絳夛紱閫夊ソ鍚庯紝Next->
寮濮嬩笅杞斤紝Take a coffee break銆傚洖鏉ュ悗錛孨ext->
閫夋嫨闇涓嶉渶瑕佸垱寤哄揩鎹鋒柟寮忋?>END
鐐瑰嚮蹇嵎鏂瑰紡鎴朮:\cygwin\cygwin.bat鎵撳紑鎺у埗鍙幫紝濡傛灉鏄煙鐢ㄦ埛錛屾寜鐓ф彁紺簃akepasswd鍜宮akegroup鍗沖彲銆備笅闈㈣涓浜涚畝鍗曠殑璋冩暣鍜岄厤緗?br>
涓銆乻sh鐨勫畨瑁?br>
cygwin鑷甫鐨勬帶鍒跺彴鍙皟鍙傛暟寰堝皯錛岃垝閫傚害杈冧綆銆傛湁娌℃湁鍔炴硶鐢ㄧ啛鎮(zhèn)夌殑putty鎴杝ecureCRT鏉ユ搷鎺ygwin鍛紵鍔炴硶鏈変簩:
1銆佺敤puttycyg銆俢ygwin bash shell鑳藉仛鐨勶紝puttycyg鍩烘湰涓婇兘鑳藉疄鐜幫紝鏈湴鎿嶄綔鐨勮瘽錛屾瀬鍔涙帹鑽愯繖嬈懼ソ杞歡銆?br>
2銆佸畨瑁卻shd錛岀劧鍚庢湰鏈虹櫥闄嗐傚鏋滃畨瑁呮椂宸查夋嫨openssh錛屾寜鐓т笅闈㈢殑鎿嶄綔緇х畫銆傚鏋滃繕浜嗗畨瑁咃紝鐐瑰嚮setup.exe錛岄変笂openssh錛屽啀瑁呬竴嬈″嵆鍙?br>
a銆佸彸閿?#8220;鎴戠殑鐢?shù)鑴?#8221;->灞炴?>楂樼駭->鐜鍙橀噺錛屽湪緋葷粺鐜鍙橀噺閲屾坊鍔犲彉閲廋YGWIN錛屽間負(fù)netsec tty錛岀劧鍚庡湪Path閲岃拷鍔燲:\cygwin\bin
b銆佹墦寮cygwin鎺у埗鍙幫紝杈撳叆ssh-host-config錛屼竴璺痽es錛屾彁紺篊YGWIN鍊兼椂錛岃緭鍏etsec tty
c銆佸惎鍔╯shd鏈嶅姟鐢? net start sshd 鎴?cygrunsrv --start sshd; 鍋滄sshd鏈嶅姟鐢?net stop sshd 鎴?cygrunsrv --stop sshd
d銆佺敤ssh yourname@127.0.0.1 鎴?ssh localhost鐧婚檰
e銆佽繕鍙互緇х畫瀹夎閰嶇疆sftp銆乻cp絳夛紝灝變笉緇嗚浜?br>
f銆佹瘡嬈¤緭鍏ュ瘑鐮佺櫥闄嗗お楹葷儲(chǔ)錛屽彲浠ョ敤key楠岃瘉: 鐢╬uttygen.exe鐢熷瓨瀵嗛挜瀵癸紝鐒跺悗鍦▇/涓嬶紝寤虹珛.ssh鐩綍錛屽垱寤篴uthorized_keys2鏂囦歡錛屽皢鍏挜澶嶅埗鍒拌繖涓枃浠訛紝鐒跺悗鍦╬utty閲屾寚瀹氱閽ョ櫥闄嗭紝涓鍔蟲案閫搞?br>
浜屻乿im鐨勭畝鍗曢厤緗?br>
灝哱usr\share\vim\vim64鐩綍涓嬬殑vimrc_example.vim澶嶅埗鍒皛/錛岄噸鍛藉悕涓篲vimrc錛?鎸夌収鑷繁鐨勫枩濂戒慨鏀歸噷闈㈢殑閰嶇疆鍗沖彲錛屽鎵撳紑楂樹寒錛岄夋嫨鍠滄鐨刢olorscheme
涓夈乧ygwin鐨勪腑鏂囨樉紺哄拰杈撳叆
璁゜ash鍛戒護(hù)琛屾敮鎸佷腑鏂囪緭鍏ワ紝vi ~/.inputrc錛屽皢涓嬮潰鍑犺鐨勬敞閲婂幓鎺?
set meta-flag on
set convert-meta off
set input-meta on
set output-meta on
璁﹍s鍛戒護(hù)鏀寔涓枃鏄劇ず錛寁i ~\.bashrc涓紝淇敼:
alias ls='ls -hF --show-control-chars --color=tty'
vim64鐨勮瘽錛屽凡緇忔敮鎸佷腑鏂囪緭鍏ャ?br>
鍥涖乻dcv鐨勫畨瑁呴厤緗?br>
鍧愬湪鐢?shù)鑴戝墠涔呬簡锛屽睆骞曞お浜Q岃緪灝勫ぇ錛屽韜綋涓嶅ソ銆傝兘涓嶈兘鍦ㄥ叏榛戠殑鍛藉悕琛屾ā寮忎笅宸ヤ綔鍜屽涔?fàn)鍛㈠Q焢utty鍙互寰堝ソ鐨勫叏灞忓箷鏄劇ず錛宻dcv鍒欏彲浠ヨ浣犲湪鍛戒護(hù)琛屾ā寮忔煡鎵懼崟璇嶃?br>
瀹夎: 鍒皊tardict涓婚〉涓嬭澆sdcv鍜屾兂瑕佺殑瀛楀吀錛岀紪璇戝畨瑁呭悗錛屽皢瀛楀吀瑙e帇錛屾斁鍒?usr/share/startdict/dic鐩綍
浣跨敤: sdcv word錛屽氨榪欎箞綆鍗曘傚皬鎶宸? 鍙互鍦▇/.bashrc閲宎lias sdld='sdcv -u langdao'絳夌瓑錛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ラ伩鍏嶈瘝鍏稿お澶氾紝鐩存帴sdld word灝卞彲浠ョ敤閮庨亾瀛楀吀鏌ヨ銆?br>
鎴戝湪榪滅▼W2k涓婅浜嗕竴鐐歸棶棰樹篃娌℃湁錛屽氨鍍忔槸涓鍙癓INUX鏈嶅姟鍣紝鍝堝搱錛岄氳繃鍛戒護(hù)琛岀鐞嗭紝鐖藉晩
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cygwin鏄竴涓湪windows騫沖彴涓婅繍琛岀殑unix妯℃嫙鐜錛屾槸cygnus solutions鍏徃寮鍙戠殑鑷敱杞歡錛堣鍏徃寮鍙戜簡寰堝濂戒笢瑗匡紝钁楀悕鐨勮繕鏈塭Cos錛屼笉榪囩幇宸茶Redhat鏀惰喘錛夈傚畠瀵逛簬瀛︿範(fàn)unix/linux鎿嶄綔鐜錛屾垨鑰呬粠unix鍒皐indows鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕Щ妞嶏紝鎴栬呰繘琛屾煇浜涚壒孌婄殑寮鍙戝伐浣滐紝灝ゅ叾鏄嬌鐢╣nu宸ュ叿闆嗗湪windows涓婅繘琛屽祵鍏ュ紡緋葷粺寮鍙戯紝闈炲父鏈夌敤銆傞殢鐫宓屽叆寮忕郴緇熷紑鍙戝湪鍥藉唴鏃ユ笎嫻佽錛岃秺鏉ヨ秺澶氱殑寮鍙戣呭cygwin浜х敓浜嗗叴瓚c?br>
銆銆cygnus褰撳垵棣栧厛鎶奼cc錛実db錛実as絳夊紑鍙戝伐鍏瘋繘琛屼簡鏀硅繘錛屼嬌浠栦滑鑳藉鐢熸垚騫惰В閲妛in32鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠躲傜劧鍚庯紝浠栦滑瑕佹妸榪欎簺宸ュ叿縐繪鍒皐indows騫沖彴涓婂幓銆備竴縐嶆柟妗堟槸鍩轟簬win32 api瀵硅繖浜涘伐鍏風(fēng)殑婧愪唬鐮佽繘琛屽ぇ騫呬慨鏀癸紝榪欐牱鍋氭樉鐒墮渶瑕佸ぇ閲忓伐浣溿傚洜姝わ紝浠栦滑閲囧彇浜嗕竴縐嶄笉鍚岀殑鏂規(guī)硶鈥斺斾粬浠啓浜嗕竴涓叡浜簱(灝辨槸cygwin dll)錛屾妸win32 api涓病鏈夌殑unix椋庢牸鐨勮皟鐢紙濡俧ork,spawn,signals,select,sockets絳夛級(jí)灝佽鍦ㄩ噷闈紝涔熷氨鏄錛屼粬浠熀浜巜in32 api鍐欎簡涓涓猽nix緋葷粺搴撶殑妯℃嫙灞傘傝繖鏍鳳紝鍙鎶婅繖浜涘伐鍏風(fēng)殑婧愪唬鐮佸拰榪欎釜鍏變韓搴撹繛鎺ュ埌涓璧鳳紝灝卞彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╱nix涓繪満涓婄殑浜ゅ弶緙栬瘧鍣ㄦ潵鐢熸垚鍙互鍦╳indows騫沖彴涓婅繍琛岀殑宸ュ叿闆嗐備互榪欎簺縐繪鍒皐indows騫沖彴涓婄殑寮鍙戝伐鍏蜂負(fù)鍩虹錛宑ygnus鍙堥愭鎶婂叾浠栫殑宸ュ叿錛堝嚑涔庝笉闇瑕佸婧愪唬鐮佽繘琛屼慨鏀癸紝鍙渶瑕佷慨鏀逛粬浠殑閰嶇疆鑴氭湰錛夎蔣浠剁Щ妞嶅埌windows涓婃潵銆傝繖鏍鳳紝鍦╳indows騫沖彴涓婅繍琛宐ash鍜屽紑鍙戝伐鍏楓佺敤鎴峰伐鍏鳳紝鎰熻濂藉儚鍦╱nix涓婂伐浣溿?br>
銆銆鍏充簬cygwin瀹炵幇鐨勬洿璇︾粏鎻忚堪錛岃鍙傝僪ttp://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/highlights.html.
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瑕佹兂姘鎬箙鏇存敼涓繪満鍚嶏紝闇瑕佷慨鏀?etc/sysconfig/network 鏂囦歡銆?
vi /etc/sysconfig/network錛屼慨鏀笻OSTNAME涓琛屼負(fù) "HOSTNAME=涓繪満鍚?
濡傦細(xì)
HOSTNAME=linuxserver
GATEWAY=10.16.255.254
(娌℃湁榪欒錛熼偅灝辨坊鍔犺繖涓琛屽惂)錛岀劧鍚庤繍琛屽懡浠?"hostname 涓繪満鍚?銆?/p>
涓鑸繕瑕佷慨鏀?etc/hosts鏂囦歡涓殑涓繪満鍚嶃?
榪欐牱錛屾棤璁轟綘鏄惁閲嶅惎錛屼富鏈哄悕閮戒慨鏀規(guī)垚鍔熴?/p>
銆銆鏃犺鍦ㄥ眬鍩熺綉榪樻槸INTERNET涓婏紝姣忓彴涓繪満閮芥湁涓涓狪P鍦板潃錛屾槸涓轟簡鍖哄垎姝ゅ彴涓繪満鍜屽郊鍙頒富鏈猴紝涔熷氨鏄IP鍦板潃灝辨槸涓繪満鐨勯棬鐗屽彿銆備絾IP鍦板潃涓嶆柟渚胯蹇嗭紝鎵浠ュ張鏈変簡鍩熷悕銆傚煙鍚嶅彧鏄湪鍏綉錛圛NtERNET)涓瓨鍦?浠ュ疄楠屼負(fù)鐩殑鐨勫眬鍩熺綉鍩熺綉瀹為獙鎬ч櫎澶栵級(jí)錛屾瘡涓煙鍚嶉兘瀵瑰簲涓涓狪P鍦板潃錛屼絾涓涓?IP鍦板潃鍙湁瀵瑰簲澶氫釜鍩熷悕銆傚煙鍚嶇被鍨?linuxsir.org 榪欐牱鐨勶紱
銆銆涓繪満鍚嶆槸鐢ㄤ簬浠涔堢殑鍛紵鍦ㄤ竴涓眬鍩熺綉涓紝姣忓彴鏈哄櫒閮芥湁涓涓富鏈哄悕錛岀敤浜庝富鏈轟笌涓繪満涔嬮棿鐨勪究浜庡尯鍒嗭紝灝卞彲浠ヤ負(fù)姣忓彴鏈哄櫒璁劇疆涓繪満鍚嶏紝浠ヤ究浜庝互瀹規(guī)槗璁板繂鐨勬柟娉曟潵鐩鎬簰璁塊棶銆傛瘮濡傛垜浠湪灞鍩熺綉涓彲浠ヤ負(fù)鏍規(guī)嵁姣忓彴鏈哄櫒鐨勫姛鐢ㄦ潵涓哄叾鍛藉悕銆?/p>
銆銆涓繪満鍚嶇浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?etc/hosts;
銆銆2. 涓繪満鍚嶉厤緗枃浠訛紱
銆銆涓繪満鍚嶇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡澶у鏄?etc/hosts 錛?/p>
銆銆hosts - The static table lookup for host name錛堜富鏈哄悕鏌ヨ闈欐佽〃錛夛紱
銆銆鐢變簬 Linux 鍙戣鐗堟湰浼楀錛屼笌涓繪満鍚嶇浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏈夋椂涔熸湁鎵涓嶅悓銆傜幇鍦ㄦ垜浠璇村父瑙佺増鏈殑涓繪満鍚嶉厤緗枃浠訛紱
銆銆2.1 涓繪満鍚嶉厤緗枃浠?/etc/hosts瑙h錛?/p>
銆銆Fedora/Redhat 鎴栦互Fedora/Redhat涓哄熀紜鎵撳寘鐨勫彂琛岀増錛屼富鏈哄悕閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏄?/etc/hosts
銆銆Debian鎴栦互Debian涓哄熀紜鎵撳寘鐨勫彂琛岀増錛屼富鏈哄悕閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏄?/etc/hostname 鍜?etc/hosts
銆銆Slackware鐨勪富鏈哄悕閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏄?/etc/hosts
銆銆閭f垜浠潵璇昏 /etc/hosts鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鐪嬭繖涓枃浠舵槸鐢ㄦ潵鍋氫粈涔堢殑銆俬osts 閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏄敤鏉ユ妸涓繪満鍚嶅瓧鏄犲皠鍒癐P鍦板潃鐨勬柟娉曪紝榪欑鏂規(guī)硶姣旇緝綆鍗曘備絾榪欑鏄犲皠鍙槸鏈湴鏈虹殑鏄犲皠錛屼篃灝辨槸璇存瘡鍙版満鍣ㄩ兘鏄嫭绔嬬殑錛屾墍鏈夌殑璁$畻鏈洪兘涓嶈兘鐩鎬簰閫氳繃hostname鏉ヨ闂?/p>
銆銆娉細(xì)鍦╠ebian 涓繕鏈変竴涓?etc/hostname鐨勬枃浠訛紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡灝辨槸鐩存帴鎶婃湰鍦頒富鏈哄悕鍐欒繘鍘誨氨琛屼簡錛屼絾瑕佸拰 /etc/hosts涓殑鏈湴涓繪満鍚嶄繚鎸佷竴鑷淬?/p>
銆銆/etc/hosts 鐨勫唴瀹逛竴鑸湁濡備笅綾諱技鍐呭錛?/p>
銆銆127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
銆銆192.168.1.195 debian.localdomain debian
銆銆娉細(xì)
銆銆涓鑸儏鍐典笅hosts鐨勫唴瀹瑰叧浜庝富鏈哄悕(hostname)鐨勫畾涔夛紝姣忚涓轟竴涓富鏈猴紝姣忚鐢變笁閮ㄤ喚緇勬垚錛屾瘡涓儴浠界敱絀烘牸闅斿紑銆傚叾涓?鍙峰紑澶寸殑琛屽仛璇存槑錛屼笉琚郴緇熻В閲娿?/p>
銆銆絎竴閮ㄤ喚錛氱綉緇淚P鍦板潃錛?/p>
銆銆絎簩閮ㄤ喚錛氫富鏈哄悕.鍩熷悕錛屾敞鎰忎富鏈哄悕鍜屽煙鍚嶄箣闂存湁涓崐瑙掔殑鐐癸紝姣斿 localhost.localdomain
銆銆絎簩閮ㄤ喚錛氫富鏈哄悕(涓繪満鍚嶅埆鍚嶏級(jí) 錛屽叾瀹炲氨鏄富鏈哄悕錛?/p>
銆銆褰撶劧姣忚涔熷彲浠ユ槸涓ら儴浠斤紝灝辨槸涓繪満IP鍦板潃鍜屼富鏈哄悕錛涙瘮濡?192.168.1.195 debian
銆銆127.0.0.1 鏄洖鐜湴鍧錛屾瘮濡傛垜浠笉鎯寵灞鍩熺綉鐨勫叾瀹冩満鍣ㄧ湅鍒版垜浠祴璇曠殑緗戠粶紼嬪簭錛屽氨鍙互鐢ㄥ洖鐜湴鍧鏉ユ祴璇曘?/p>
銆銆涓轟粈涔堥渶瑕佸畾涔夊煙鍚嶅憿錛熷叾瀹炵悊瑙d篃綆鍗曪紝姣斿鎴戜滑鏈変笁鍙頒富鏈猴紝姣忓彴鍋氫笉鍚岀殑浜嬶紝涓鍙板仛MAIL鏈嶅姟鍣紝涓鍙板仛FTP鏈嶅姟鍣紝涓鍙板仛SMB鏈嶅姟鍣紝鎵浠ユ垜浠氨鍙互榪欐牱鏉ヨ璁ostname錛?/p>
銆銆127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
銆銆192.168.1.2 ftp.localdomain ftp
銆銆192.168.1.3 mail.localdomain mail
銆銆192.168.1.4 smb.localdomin smb
銆銆鎶婅繖涓婇潰榪欎釜閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹瑰垎鍒啓鍏ユ瘡鍙版満鍣ㄧ殑/etc/hosts鍐呭涓紝榪欐牱榪欎笁鍙板眬鍩熺綉鐨勬満鍣ㄥ氨鍙互閫氳繃hostname鏉ヨ闂簡銆?/p>
銆銆2.2 涓繪満鍚?hostname)鍜屽煙鍚?Domain錛夌殑鍖哄埆錛?/p>
銆銆涓繪満鍚嶅氨鏈哄櫒鏈韓鐨勫悕瀛楋紝鍩熷悕鏄敤鏉ヨВ鏋愬埌IP鐨勩備絾鍊煎緱涓璇寸殑鏄湪灞鍩熺綉涓紝涓繪満鍚嶄篃鏄彲浠ヨВ鏋愬埌IP涓婄殑錛涙瘮濡傛垜浠墠闈㈡墍璇翠婦鐨勪緥瀛愶紱
銆銆2.3 灞鍩熺綉鐨勬満鍣紝涓嶈兘閫氳繃涓繪満鍚嶄簰璁跨殑鍘熷洜錛?/p>
銆銆鏈夌殑寮熷厔鍙兘浼?xì)璇村Q屾垜鐨刪ostname褰兼涓嶈兘浜掕錛屽叾瀹炶繖涔熼棶棰樹篃綆鍗曪紝鎴戜滑鍓嶉潰宸茬粡鎻愬埌浜嗕竴涓畝鍗曠殑瑙e喅鍔炴硶銆傚氨鏄璁╁眬鍩熺綉涓殑鎵鏈変富鏈洪兘鏈変竴涓氱敤鐨勶紝騫朵笖鍖呭惈鎵鏈変富鏈虹殑/etc/hosts鏂囦歡錛?/p>
銆銆鍙︿竴涓槸鍋氳В鍐沖姙娉曟槸鍋氬眬鍩熺綉DNS鏈嶅姟鍣紝濡傛灉鎮(zhèn)ㄧ殑涓繪満鐗瑰埆灝戯紝灝辯敤鍓嶉潰鎵璇寸殑綆鍗曟柟娉曞氨琛岋紱濡備綍鍋欴NS鏈嶅姟鍣紝鎴戝皢鍦ㄤ互鍚庣殑鏂囨。涓笓棰樹粙緇嶏紱涓嶈繃鎴戝煎緱涓鎻愮殑鏄仛浠諱綍鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ兘鏄互鏁堢巼浼樺厛鐨勫師鍒欎負(fù)鍩虹銆傛瘮濡傛垜浠湪灞鍩熺綉涓袱鍙版満鍣紝鎴戜滑榪樻湁蹇呰鍋欴NS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ悧錛熸棤璁烘庝箞瑙e喅錛屾渶緇堢殑閮芥槸鐢ㄦ渶鏈夋晥鐜囩殑鍔炴硶瑙e喅闂錛涙垜浠笉鑳借鏄嶥NS澶氶珮綰с傚鏋淒NS鏄負(fù)澶栫綉鏈嶅姟鐨勶紝閭e氨鍙﹁浜嗭紝涓嶅仛涔熷緱鍋氥傚涓嶅錛?/p>
銆銆3銆佷富鏈哄悕淇敼宸ュ叿 hostname;
銆銆鍏跺疄涓繪満鍚嶇殑淇敼涔熸湁涓撶敤宸ュ叿錛屽氨鏄痟ostname 錛涙垜璁や負(fù)濡傛灉鐢ㄨ繖涓伐鍏鋒潵淇敼涓繪満鍚嶏紝涓嶅鐩存帴淇敼 /etc/hosts 鏉ョ殑鏂逛究錛涙?zhèn)ㄥ彲浠ユ煡鐪?hosname 鈥斺攈elp鎴?man hostname鐨勫府鍔?銆傚湪榪欓噷鎴戜滑鍙綆鍗曠殑鐢ㄦ硶錛?/p>
銆銆hostname 宸ュ叿鏄敤鏉ユ樉紺哄拰璁劇疆緋葷粺涓繪満鍚嶏紝鐪嬩笅闈㈢殑媧嬫枃錛?/p>
銆銆hostname - show or set the system‘s host name
銆銆涓句緥瑙h錛?/p>
銆銆錛?鏄劇ず涓繪満鍚嶏細(xì)
銆銆[root@linuxsir01 ~]# hostname
銆銆linuxsir01
銆銆姝や富鏈虹殑涓繪満鍚嶆槸linuxsir01錛屼笉鍔犲弬鏁版槸鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず褰撳墠鎿嶄綔鐨勪富鏈虹殑涓繪満鍚嶏紱
銆銆錛?涓存椂璁劇疆涓繪満鍚嶏細(xì)
銆銆鎴戜滑鍙互鐢?hostname 鍚庢帴涓繪満鍚嶏紝榪欐牱灝卞彲浠ヨ緗綋鍓嶆搷浣滅殑涓繪満鐨勪富鏈哄悕錛屾瘮濡傛垜浠兂鎶婁富鏈哄悕璁劇疆涓簂inuxsir02錛?/p>
銆銆[root@linuxsir01 ~]# hostname linuxsir02
銆銆[root@linuxsir01 ~]# hostname 娉細(xì)鏄劇ず涓繪満鍚?/p>
銆銆linuxsir02
銆銆閫氳繃hostname 宸ュ叿鏉ヨ緗富鏈哄悕鍙槸涓存椂鐨勶紝涓嬫閲嶅惎緋葷粺鏃訛紝姝や富鏈哄悕灝嗕笉浼?xì)瀛樺湪锛涙墍浠ユ?zhèn)ㄦ兂淇敼涓绘満鍚嶅Q屾兂涓鐩存湁鏁堢殑錛岃繕鏄敤鍓嶉潰鎵璇翠慨鏀逛富鏈哄悕閰嶇疆鏂囦歡 /etc/hosts錛?/p>
銆銆錛?鏄劇ず涓繪満IP錛?/p>
銆銆鏄劇ず褰撳墠涓繪満鍚嶇殑IP錛屽彲浠ョ敤-i鍙傛暟錛?/p>
銆銆[root@linuxsir01 ~]# hostname -i
銆銆192.168.1.3
銆銆4銆佹湰鏂囨湭灝戒簨瀹滐紱
銆銆鏈夋椂鎴戜滑鍦ㄧ櫥鍏ユ闈㈡椂錛屼細(xì)鎻愮ず鎵句笉鍒癶ostname 錛岃繖鏃舵?zhèn)ㄨ鍋氱殑鏄慨鏀?etc/hosts錛屼負(fù)鎮(zhèn)ㄧ殑鏈哄櫒娣誨姞涓涓富鏈哄悕錛涘厛鐢?ifconfig -a 鏉ユ煡鐪嬩富鏈虹殑IP鍦板潃錛岀劧鍚庢妸浣犱富鏈虹殑IP鍦板潃錛屾寚瀹氫富鏈哄悕銆?/p>
Linux鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨刪ostname鏄竴涓猭ernel鍙橀噺錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃hostname鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ煡鐪嬫湰鏈虹殑hostname銆備篃鍙互鐩存帴cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname鏌ョ湅銆?/p>
涓婇潰涓ょ杈撳嚭緇撴灉鐩稿悓銆?/p>
淇敼榪愯鏃禠inux緋葷粺鐨刪ostname錛屽嵆涓嶉渶瑕侀噸鍚郴緇?/strong>
hostname鍛戒護(hù)鍙互璁劇疆緋葷粺鐨刪ostname
newname鍗寵璁劇疆鐨勬柊鐨刪ostname錛岃繍琛屽悗绔嬪嵆鐢熸晥錛屼絾鏄湪緋葷粺閲嶅惎鍚庝細(xì)涓㈠け鎵鍋氱殑淇敼錛屽鏋滆姘鎬箙鏇存敼緋葷粺鐨刪ostname錛屽氨瑕佷慨鏀圭浉鍏崇殑璁劇疆鏂囦歡銆?/p>
姘鎬箙鏇存敼Linux鐨刪ostname
man hostname閲屾湁榪欎箞涓鍙ヨ瘽錛?#8221;The host name is usually set once at system startup in /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1 or /etc/init.d/boot (normally by reading the contents of a file which contains the host name, e.g. /etc/hostname).” RedHat閲屾病鏈夎繖涓枃浠訛紝鑰屾槸鐢?etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit榪欎釜鑴氭湰璐熻矗璁劇疆緋葷粺鐨刪ostname錛屽畠璇誨彇 /etc/sysconfig/network榪欎釜鏂囨湰鏂囦歡錛孯edHat鐨刪ostname灝辨槸鍦ㄨ繖涓枃浠墮噷璁劇疆銆?/p>
鎵浠ワ紝濡傛灉瑕佹案涔呬慨鏀筊edHat鐨刪ostname錛屽氨淇敼/etc/sysconfig/network鏂囦歡錛屽皢閲岄潰鐨凥OSTNAME榪欎竴琛屼慨鏀規(guī)垚HOSTNAME=NEWNAME錛屽叾涓璑EWNAME灝辨槸浣犺璁劇疆鐨刪ostname銆?/p>
Debian鍙戣鐗堢殑hostname鐨勯厤緗枃浠舵槸/etc/hostname銆?/p>
淇閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鍚庯紝閲嶅惎緋葷粺灝變細(xì)璇誨彇閰嶇疆鏂囦歡璁劇疆鏂扮殑hostname銆?/p>
hostname涓?etc/hosts鐨勫叧緋?
寰堣繃浜轟竴鎻愬埌鏇存敼hostname棣栧厛灝辨兂鍒頒慨鏀?etc/hosts鏂囦歡錛岃涓篽ostname鐨勯厤緗枃浠跺氨鏄?etc/hosts銆傚叾瀹炰笉鏄殑銆?/p>
hosts鏂囦歡鐨勪綔鐢ㄧ浉褰撳DNS錛屾彁渚汭P鍦板潃鍒癶ostname鐨勫搴斻傛棭鏈熺殑浜掕仈緗戣綆楁満灝戯紝鍗曟満hosts鏂囦歡閲岃凍澶熷瓨鏀炬墍鏈夎仈緗戣綆楁満銆備笉榪囬殢鐫浜掕仈緗戠殑鍙戝睍錛岃繖灝辮繙榪滀笉澶熶簡銆備簬鏄氨鍑虹幇浜嗗垎甯冨紡鐨凞NS緋葷粺銆傜敱DNS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ潵鎻愪緵綾諱技鐨処P鍦板潃鍒板煙鍚嶇殑瀵瑰簲銆傚叿浣撳彲浠an hosts銆?/p>
Linux緋葷粺鍦ㄥ悜DNS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ彂鍑哄煙鍚嶈В鏋愯姹備箣鍓嶄細(xì)鏌ヨ/etc/hosts鏂囦歡錛屽鏋滈噷闈㈡湁鐩稿簲鐨勮褰曪紝灝變細(xì)浣跨敤hosts閲岄潰鐨勮褰曘?etc/hosts鏂囦歡閫氬父閲岄潰鍖呭惈榪欎竴鏉¤褰?/p>
hosts鏂囦歡鏍煎紡鏄竴琛屼竴鏉¤褰曪紝鍒嗗埆鏄疘P鍦板潃 hostname aliases錛屼笁鑰呯敤絀虹櫧瀛楃鍒嗛殧錛宎liases鍙夈?/p>
127.0.0.1鍒發(fā)ocalhost榪欎竴鏉″緩璁笉瑕佷慨鏀癸紝鍥犱負(fù)寰堝搴旂敤紼嬪簭浼?xì)鐢ㄥ埌杩欎釜锛屾瘮濡俿endmail錛屼慨鏀逛箣鍚庤繖浜涚▼搴忓彲鑳藉氨鏃犳硶姝e父榪愯銆?/p>
淇敼hostname鍚庯紝濡傛灉鎯寵鍦ㄦ湰鏈轟笂鐢╪ewhostname鏉ヨ闂紝灝卞繀欏誨湪/etc/hosts鏂囦歡閲屾坊鍔犱竴鏉ewhostname鐨勮褰曘傛瘮濡傛垜鐨別th0鐨処P鏄?92.168.1.61錛屾垜灝唄osts鏂囦歡淇敼濡備笅錛?/p>
榪欐牱錛屾垜灝卞彲浠ラ氳繃blog鎴栬卋log.infernor.net鏉ヨ闂湰鏈恒?/p>
浠庝笂闈㈣繖浜涙潵鐪嬶紝/etc/hosts浜庤緗甴ostname鏄病鐩存帴鍏崇郴鐨勶紝浠呬粎褰撲綘瑕佸湪鏈満涓婄敤鏂扮殑hostname鏉ヨ闂嚜宸辯殑鏃跺欐墠浼?xì)鐢ㄥ?etc/hosts鏂囦歡銆備袱鑰呮病鏈夊繀鐒剁殑鑱旂郴銆?/p>
RHEL榪樻湁涓棶棰樸?/p>
鎴戝紑濮嬪湪嫻嬭瘯鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍙慨鏀?etc/hosts錛岄噷闈㈡坊鍔?192.168.1.61 blog.infernor.net blog錛岃?etc/sysconfig/network緇存寔鍘熺姸錛屼篃灝辨槸閲岄潰鐨凥OSTNAME=localhost.localdomain銆傛垜閲嶅惎緋葷粺鍚庡眳鐒跺彂鐜癶ostname緇欎慨鏀規(guī)垚浜哹log.infernor.net銆傝繖鏍風(fēng)湅鐨勮瘽錛屽掔湡瑙夊緱/etc/hosts鏄痟ostname鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲傚悗鏉ョ粓浜庡湪/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit榪欎釜鍚姩鑴氭湰閲屽彂鐜頒簡闂鐨勬墍鍦ㄣ?/p>
rc.sysinit鏂囦歡閲屼竴寮濮嬪氨璁劇疆浜唄ostname
紜疄浣跨敤浜?etc/sysconfig/network閲岀殑hostname鍊箋備笉榪囧悗闈㈣繕鏈変竴孌靛叧浜庤緗甴ostname鐨?/p>
鑴氭湰鍒ゆ柇h(huán)ostname鏄惁涓簂ocalhost鎴栬卨ocalhost.localdomain錛屽鏋滄槸鐨勮瘽錛屽皢浼?xì)鋴社敤鎺ュ彛IP鍦板潃瀵瑰簲鐨?hostname鏉ラ噸鏂拌緗郴緇熺殑hostname銆傞棶棰樺氨鍑哄湪榪欓噷錛屾垜鐨?etc/sysconfig/network榛樿鐨刪ostname鏄?localhost.localdomain錛宔th0鐨処P鏄?92.168.1.61錛岃?etc/hosts閲屾湁192.168.1.61鐨勮褰曘備簬鏄氨鐢?92.168.1.61榪欐潯璁板綍鏉ユ浛鎹簡hostname銆?/p>
浼拌榪欎篃鏄緢澶氫漢灝?etc/hosts璇互涓烘槸hostname鐨勯厤緗枃浠剁殑鍘熷洜銆?/p>
hostname甯﹂夐」鏌ヨ
hostname鐨?s -f -i絳夌瓑閫夐」閮界敤鍒頒簡/etc/hosts鎴栬匘NS緋葷粺錛岃窡鎴戜滑璁ㄨ鐨刪ostname鏈夌偣榪滀簡錛屼篃瀹規(guī)槗浜х敓璇細(xì)銆傚叿浣撳彲浠an hostname鏌ョ湅銆?/p>
瑕佸疄鐜板畧鎶よ繘紼嬶紝涓縐嶆柟娉曟槸鎸夊畧鎶よ繘紼嬬殑瑙勫垯鍘葷紪紼嬶紙鏈珯鏈夋枃绔犱粙緇嶈繃錛夛紝姣旇緝楹葷儲(chǔ)錛涘彟涓縐嶆柟娉曟槸浠嶇劧鐢ㄦ櫘閫氭柟娉曠紪紼嬶紝鐒跺悗鐢╪ohup鍛戒護(hù)鍚姩紼嬪簭錛?
nohup錛滅▼搴忓悕錛?amp;
鍒欐帶鍒跺彴l(fā)ogout鍚庯紝榪涚▼浠嶇劧緇х畫榪愯錛岃搗鍒板畧鎶よ繘紼嬬殑浣滅敤錛堣櫧鐒跺畠涓嶆槸涓ユ牸鎰忎箟涓婄殑瀹堟姢榪涚▼錛夈?
浣跨敤nohup鍛戒護(hù)鍚庯紝鍘熺▼搴忕殑鐨勬爣鍑嗚緭鍑鴻鑷姩鏀瑰悜鍒板綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鐨刵ohup.out鏂囦歡錛岃搗鍒頒簡log鐨勪綔鐢紝瀹炵幇浜嗗畬鏁寸殑瀹堟姢榪涚▼鍔熻兘銆?
ygwu @ 2005騫?4鏈?8鏃?涓婂崍10:03
For example錛?
濡備綍榪滅▼鍚姩WebLogic鏈嶅姟?
鐢╰elnet榪滅▼鎺у埗鏈嶅姟鍣紝榪滅▼鍚姩WEBLOGIC鏈嶅姟錛屽惎鍔ㄥ悗鍏抽棴telnet錛學(xué)ebLogic鏈嶅姟涔熻窡鐫鍋滄錛岃繖鏄洜涓轟嬌鐢╰elnet鍚姩鐨勮繘紼嬩細(xì)闅忕潃telnet榪涚▼鐨勫叧闂屽叧闂傛墍浠ユ垜浠彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄤ竴浜沀NIX涓嬬殑鍛戒護(hù)鏉ュ仛鍒頒笉鍏抽棴銆?
浣跨敤濡備笅鍛戒護(hù)錛?
nohup startWeblogic.sh&
鍋囧鎯寵鐩戞帶鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鍙互浣跨敤錛?
tail -f nohup.out
褰撳湪鍚庡彴榪愯浜嗙▼搴忕殑鏃跺欙紝鍙互鐢╦obs鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ煡鐪嬪悗鍙頒綔涓氱殑鐘舵併傚湪鏈夊涓悗鍙扮▼搴忔椂錛岃浣跨敤鏉ュ弬鏁扮殑fg鍛戒護(hù)灝嗕笉鍚屽簭鍙風(fēng)殑鍚庡彴浣滀笟鍒囨崲鍒板墠鍙頒笂榪愯銆?
褰撶敤鎴峰惎鍔ㄤ竴涓繘紼嬬殑鏃跺欙紝榪欎釜榪涚▼鏄繍琛屽湪鍓嶅彴錛屼嬌鐢ㄤ笌鐩稿簲鎺у埗緇堢鐩歌仈緋葷殑鏍囧噯杈撳叆銆佽緭鍑鴻繘琛岃緭鍏ュ拰杈撳嚭銆傚嵆浣垮皢榪涚▼鐨勮緭鍏ヨ緭鍑洪噸瀹氬悜錛屽茍灝嗚繘紼嬫斁鍦ㄥ悗鍙版墽琛岋紝榪涚▼浠嶇劧鍜屽綋鍓嶇粓绔澶囨湁鍏崇郴銆傛鍥犱負(fù)濡傛錛屽湪褰撳墠鐨勭櫥褰曚細(xì)璇濈粨鏉熸椂錛屾帶鍒剁粓绔澶囧皢鍜岀櫥褰曡繘紼嬬浉鑴辯錛岄偅涔堢郴緇熷氨鍚戞墍鏈変笌榪欎釜緇堢鐩歌仈緋葷殑榪涚▼鍙戦丼IGHUP鐨勪俊鍙鳳紝閫氱煡榪涚▼綰胯礬宸茬粡鎸傝搗浜嗭紝鍋囧紼嬪簭娌℃湁鎺ョ榪欎釜淇″彿鐨勫鐞嗭紝閭d箞緙虹渷鐨勫弽搴旀槸榪涚▼緇撴潫銆傚洜姝ゆ櫘閫氱殑紼嬪簭騫朵笉鑳界湡姝h劚紱葷櫥褰曚細(xì)璇濊岃繍琛岃繘紼嬶紝涓轟簡浣垮緱鍦ㄧ郴緇熺櫥褰曞悗榪樺彲浠ユ甯告墽琛岋紝鍙湁浣跨敤鍛戒護(hù)nohup鏉ュ惎鍔ㄧ浉搴旂▼搴忋?/p>
浣跨敤鍛戒護(hù)nohup褰撶劧鍙互鍚姩榪欐牱鐨勭▼搴忥紝浣唍ohup鍚姩鐨勭▼搴忓湪榪涚▼鎵ц瀹屾瘯灝遍鍑猴紝鑰屽父瑙佺殑涓浜涙湇鍔¤繘紼嬮氬父姘鎬箙鐨勮繍琛屽湪鍚庡彴錛屼笉鍚戝睆騫曡緭鍑虹粨鏋溿傚湪Unix涓繖浜涙案涔呯殑鍚庡彴榪涚▼縐頒負(fù)瀹堟姢榪涚▼錛坉aemon錛夈傚畧鎶よ繘紼嬮氬父浠庣郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂鑷姩寮濮嬫墽琛岋紝緋葷粺鍏抽棴鏃舵墠鍋滄銆?
鍦ㄥ畧鎶よ繘紼嬩腑錛屾渶閲嶈鐨勪竴涓槸瓚呯駭瀹堟姢榪涚▼inetd錛岃繖涓繘紼嬫帴綆′簡澶ч儴鍒嗙綉緇滄湇鍔★紝浣嗗茍涓嶆槸瀵規(guī)瘡涓湇鍔¢兘鑷繁榪涜澶勭悊錛岃屾槸渚濇嵁榪炴帴璇鋒眰錛屽惎鍔ㄤ笉鍚岀殑鏈嶅姟紼嬪簭涓庡鎴鋒満鎵撲氦閬撱俰netd鏀寔緗戠粶鏈嶅姟縐嶇被鍦ㄥ畠鐨勮緗枃浠?etc/inet.conf涓畾涔夈俰net.conf鏂囦歡涓殑姣忎竴琛屽氨瀵瑰簲涓涓鍙e湴鍧錛屽綋inetd鎺ュ彈鍒拌繛鎺ヨ繖涓鍙g殑榪炴帴璇鋒眰鏃訛紝灝卞惎鍔ㄧ浉搴旂殑榪涚▼榪涜澶勭悊銆備嬌鐢╥netd鐨勫ソ澶勬槸緋葷粺涓嶅繀鍚姩寰堝瀹堟姢榪涚▼錛屼粠鑰岃妭綰︿簡緋葷粺璧勬簮錛岀劧鑰屼嬌鐢╥netd鍚姩瀹堟姢榪涚▼鐩稿簲鍙嶅簲浼?xì)杩熅~撲竴浜涳紝涓嶉傚悎鐢ㄤ簬琚瘑闆嗚闂殑鏈嶅姟榪涚▼銆?/p>
AIX鐩戞帶榪涚▼鍐呭瓨浣跨敤鐨勫伐鍏鋒瘮杈冨錛屼釜浜鴻寰楁瘮杈冩柟渚跨殑鏈塶mon,svmon錛屽叾涓璼vmon鏄疉IX鑷甫鐨勫伐鍏鳳紝
闇瑕乺oot鏉冮檺鎵ц錛屽彲浠ョ洃鎺ц繘紼嬭緇嗗唴瀛樹嬌鐢ㄤ俊鎭紝濡傦細(xì)
svmon -P pid(瑕佺洃鎺х殑榪涚▼PID) -i 1 (姣忕鍒鋒柊涓嬈? |grep pid
AIX涓嬭繘紼嬪唴瀛樺垎鏋?br />AIX涓嬪彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╬s v宸ュ叿鎴栬卻vmon宸ュ叿鏉ュ垎鏋愯繘紼嬪唴瀛樸俻s v鍛戒護(hù)鏄痯s鍛戒護(hù)鐨勪竴涓伐
鍏鳳紝瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄痸涔嬪墠涓嶈鍔?#8221;-“銆俻s v宸ュ叿鍦ㄤ換浣旳IX鎿嶄綔緋葷粺涓嬮兘鍙互浣跨敤銆傛瘮
濡傦細(xì)
# ps -lfp 13288
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN STIME TTY TIME CMD
240001 A oracle 13288 1 0 60 20 1ba2f 34032 Nov 03 - 0:06
ora_pmon_DEV
# ps v 13288
PID TTY STAT TIME PGIN SIZE RSS LIM TSIZ TRS %CPU %MEM COMMAND
13288 - A 0:08 225 5616 13904 32768 28420 13512 0.0 1.0
ora_pmon_DEV
浠巔s鍛戒護(hù)鐪嬪埌sz鏄?4M銆傝岀敤ps v鍛戒護(hù)鍙互鐪嬪埌rss鏄?3904錛孴RS鏄?3512銆傝繘紼嬩嬌鐢ㄧ殑
鍐呭瓨鏄疪SS-TRS=392K(ps v鐪嬪埌鐨勫唴瀛樺崟浣嶆槸K)銆?br />
鐢╯vmon鍙互鐪嬪埌鏇村鐨勪俊鎭紝鍏剁粨鏋滃拰ps v鏄竴鑷寸殑銆傛瘮濡傦細(xì)
#svmon -P 23288
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
Pid Command Inuse Pin Pgsp Virtual 64-bit Mthrd
23288 ora_pmon_V8 29598 1451 182 16560 N N
Vsid Esid Type Description Inuse Pin Pgsp Virtual Addr
Range
1781 3 work shmat/mmap 11824 0 0 11824
0..24700
1761 1 pers code,large file /dev 9681 0 - -
0..9680
0 0 work kernel seg 3982 1450 182 3390
0..21804 :
65474..65535
18018 d work shared library text 2852 0 0 158
0..65535
4764 2 work process private 1127 1 0 1127
0..1182 :
65307..65535
f74f f work shared library data 81 0 0 61
0..1291
1e59e - pers large file /dev/lv00 33 0 - - 0..32
e58e - pers large file /dev/lv00 16 0 - - 0..82
b74b - pers large file /dev/lv00 1 0 - - 0..0
3703 - pers large file /dev/lv00 1 0 - - 0..0
#ps v 23288
PID TTY STAT TIME PGIN SIZE RSS LIM TSIZ TRS %CPU %MEM
COMMAND
23288 - A 0:00 0 4752 43556 32768 27289 38724 0.0 5.0
ora_pmon_V8
瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝svmon鏄劇ず鐨勫唴瀛橀兘鏄互Page涓哄崟浣嶇殑錛孉IX涓嬶紝姣忎釜欏典負(fù)4K銆?br />閫氳繃work process private鐨剉irtual澶у皬鍜寃ork shared library data鐨剉irtual澶у皬
鐨勫拰ps v鐨凷IZE鏄畬鍏ㄤ竴鑷寸殑錛?br />4752K=(1127錛?1)×4K
鑰孯SS鐨勫唴瀹圭浉褰撲簬linux欏圭洰鐨刾rivate working-storage segments鍔犱笂pers code鍜?br />shared library data銆?br />43556K錛濓紙1127 + 9681 + 81錛?4K
TRS灝辨槸INUSE欏圭洰鐨刾ers code:
38724K=9681*4K
鎴戝彂鐜板緢澶氱帺AIX濂藉騫寸殑浜洪兘鎼炰笉娓卲s鍛戒護(hù)涓殑閭d釜“-”錛屽埌搴曟槸搴旇鐢╬s -elf銆乸s aux鍛紵榪樻槸搴旇鐢╬s elf銆乸s -aux鍛紵
鍏?man涓涓媝s 鐪嬬湅鍚э紝浣犱細(xì)鍙戠幇AIX涓嬬殑ps鍛戒護(hù)鏈変袱縐嶈娉曟牸寮忥細(xì)涓縐嶅彨X/Open鏍囧噯錛屼竴縐嶅彨Berkeley鏍囧噯銆?br>ps Command
Purpose
Shows current status of processes.
Syntax
X/Open Standards
ps [ -A ] [ -N ] [ -a ] [ -d ] [ -e ] [ -f ] [ -k ] [ -l ] [ -F format] [ -o
Format ] [ -c Clist ] [ -G Glist ] [ -g Glist ] [ -m ] [ -n NameList ] [ -p
Plist ] [ -t Tlist ] [ -U Ulist ] [ -u Ulist ]
Berkeley Standards
ps [ a ] [ c ] [ e ] [ ew ] [ eww ] [ g ] [ n ] [ U ] [ w ] [ x ] [ l | s | u |
v ] [ t Tty ] [ ProcessNumber ]
鐜板湪浣犱細(xì)鐭ラ亾ps -elf銆乸s aux鏄紜殑鍐欐硶錛岃宲s elf銆乸s -aux鑷劧灝辨槸閿欒鐨勪簡銆傝繖鍏跺疄鏄釜寰堝鏄撹蹇借鐨勫皬闂錛屾墍浠ュ緢澶氫漢鐜〢IX鐨勪漢鎬繪槸鎼為敊銆傛垜鎺ヨЕAIX涔嬪墠錛屾伆濂藉榪囦竴绔椂闂寸殑SOLARIS錛屾墍浠ヤ竴寮濮嬪氨娉ㄦ剰鍒頒簡榪欎釜緇嗚妭銆係OLARIS涔熸湁涓や釜鐗堟湰鐨刾s錛屼竴涓槸榛樿鐨凷ystem V 鐗堟湰錛屽錛?usr/bin/ps -elf錛涗竴涓槸闈為粯璁ょ殑BSD鐗堟湰錛屽錛?usr/ucb/ps -aux銆?/p>
BSD鐨勬剰鎬濈浉淇″ぇ瀹墮兘鐭ラ亾錛屾槸Berkeley Software Distribution錛堝反鍏嬪埄杞歡鍙戣鐗堬級(jí)鐨勭緝鍐欍傞偅ucb鏄粈涔堟剰鎬濆憿錛熷叾瀹炴槸
University of California, Berkeley 錛堝姞宸炲ぇ瀛﹀反鍏嬪埄鍒嗘牎錛夌殑緙╁啓銆傜湅錛岃繖涓や釜閮芥槸緙╁啓閲?閮芥湁Berkeley銆傚ソ浜嗭紝璇寸殑榪欓噷錛屾垜鐪嬪氨娌″繀瑕佺戶緇啀緗楀棪涓嬪幓浜嗐傜敤GOOGLE鎼滀竴涓?#8220;UNIX鍘嗗彶”銆?#8220;University of California, Berkeley”銆?#8220;System V”榪欎簺鍏抽敭瀛楋紝鐩鎬俊INTERNET涓婃湁寰堝璇︾粏璇存槑瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鍏崇郴鐨勬枃绔犮傜煡閬撶偣鍎縐NIX鐨勫巻鍙詫紝鍏跺疄鏄歡寰堟湁瓚g殑浜嬫儏銆?/p>
鑷充簬AIX鐨刴an涓彁鍒扮殑“X/Open鏍囧噯”鍜?#8220;System V 鐗堟湰”鏄粈涔堝叧緋伙紝鎴戜篃涓嶇煡閬擄紝涔熸噿寰楁悶娓呮浜嗭紝鎯沖繀瀹冧滑涔嬮棿涓瀹氭槸鏈夎仈緋葷殑銆傚鏋滀綘鎯崇煡閬撶粏鎯咃紝閭h繕鏄敤GOOGLE鎼滃惂錛屽懙鍛點(diǎn)?/p>
鏈鍚庢葷粨涓涓婣IX涓璸s鍛戒護(hù)錛屼綘鍙璁頒袱涓懡浠ゅ氨濂戒簡鈥斺攑s -elf鍜宲s aux銆俻s -elf鏄疭ystem V椋庢牸錛屽悓SOLARIS鐨刾s -elf錛沺s aux鏄疊SD椋庢牸錛屽悓SOLARIS鐨?usr/ucb/ps -aux錛屼及璁INUX鍜孎REEBSD閮界敤aux鍙傛暟銆傚彟澶栵紝鎴戠殑緇忛獙鏄細(xì)ps 鐨勫叾瀹冨弬鏁伴兘涓嶆槸寰堝父鐢紝鍙姝昏浣忚繖涓ょ粍鍙傛暟錛屽繀瑕佺殑鏃跺欎細(xì)媧葷敤鎴恜s -el銆乸s -e銆乸s ax涔嬬被鐨勫氨澶熶簡銆傚綋鐒朵綘榪樿鐔熸?zhèn)変竴涓嬭繖涓ょ粍鍙傛暟鐨勫懡浠よ緭鍑轟腑鐨勬瘡涓鍒楃殑鍚箟錛岃繖涓湪man閲岄兘鏈夊啓鐨勶紝鎴戜篃灝變笉澶氳浜嗐?/p>
鐢ㄦ埛錛圲ser錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙Group錛夌殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛屾槸緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樻渶搴旇浜嗚В鍜屾帉鎻$殑緋葷粺鍩虹鏂囦歡涔嬩竴錛屼粠鍙︿竴鏂歸潰鏉ヨ錛屼簡瑙h繖浜涙枃浠朵篃鏄郴緇熷畨鍏ㄧ鐞嗙殑閲嶈緇勬垚閮ㄤ喚錛涘仛涓轟竴涓悎鏍肩殑緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樺簲璇ュ鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍閰嶇疆鏂囦歡閫忓交浜嗚В鎵嶈錛?/p>
涓銆佺敤鎴鳳紙User錛夌浉鍏籌紱
璋堝埌鐢ㄦ埛錛屽氨涓嶅緱涓嶈皥鐢ㄦ埛綆$悊錛岀敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠訛紝浠ュ強(qiáng)鐢ㄦ埛鏌ヨ鍜岀鐞嗙殑鎺у埗宸ュ叿錛涚敤鎴風(fēng)鐞嗕富瑕侀氳繃淇敼鐢ㄦ埛閰嶇疆鏂囦歡瀹屾垚錛涚敤鎴風(fēng)鐞嗘帶鍒跺伐鍏鋒渶緇堢洰鐨勪篃鏄負(fù)浜嗕慨鏀圭敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠躲?br>浠涔堟槸鐢ㄦ埛鏌ヨ鍜岀鐞嗘帶鍒跺伐鍏峰憿錛熺敤鎴鋒煡璇㈠拰鎺у埗宸ュ叿鏄煡璇€佹坊鍔犮佷慨鏀瑰拰鍒犻櫎鐢ㄦ埛絳夌郴緇熺鐞嗗伐鍏鳳紝姣斿鏌ヨ鐢ㄦ埛鐨刬d鍜宖inger鍛戒護(hù)錛屾坊鍔犵敤鎴風(fēng)殑useradd 鎴朼dduser 銆乽serdel 鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫垹闄?銆佽緗瘑鐮佺殑passwd鍛戒護(hù)銆佷慨鏀圭敤鎴穟sermod 絳夌瓑錛涙垜浠渶瑕佺煡閬撶殑鏄氳繃鐢ㄦ埛鏌ヨ鍜屾帶鍒跺伐鍏鋒墍榪涜鐨勫姩浣滅殑鏈緇堢洰鐨勪篃鏄慨鏀圭敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠訛紱鎵浠ユ垜浠繘琛岀敤鎴風(fēng)鐞嗙殑鏃跺欙紝鐩存帴淇敼鐢ㄦ埛閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓鏍峰彲浠ヨ揪鍒扮敤鎴風(fēng)鐞嗙殑鐩殑錛?br>閫氳繃涓婇潰鐨勮В璇達(dá)紝鎴戜滑鑳藉疄瀹炲湪鍦ㄧ殑鎰熻鍒扮敤鎴鳳紙User錛夐厤緗枃浠剁殑閲嶈鎬э紱鍏跺疄鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍鍦ㄧ郴緇熺鐞嗕腑鏄笉鍙垎鍓茬殑錛屼絾涓轟簡璇存槑闂錛屾垜浠繕鏄緱鎶婄敤鎴鳳紙User錛夌殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鍗曞垪鍑烘潵瑙h錛屽叾涓寘鎷?etc/passwd 鍜?etc/shadow 鏂囦歡錛涘湪榪欎箣涓紝浣犺繕鑳戒簡瑙ID鐨勯噸瑕佹э紱
閫氳繃鏈爣棰橈紝鎮(zhèn)ㄥ彲浠ヤ簡瑙f垨鎺屾彙鐨勫唴瀹規(guī)湁錛氫簡瑙?etc/passwd鍜?etc/shadow錛涗粈涔圲ID 錛?br>涓庣敤鎴風(fēng)浉鍏崇殑緋葷粺閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓昏鏈?etc/passwd 鍜?etc/shadow錛屽叾涓?etc/shadow鏄敤鎴瘋祫璁殑鍔犲瘑鏂囦歡錛屾瘮濡傜敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀵嗙爜鍙d護(hù)鐨勫姞瀵嗕繚瀛樼瓑錛?etc/passwd 鍜?etc/shadow 鏂囦歡鏄簰琛ョ殑錛涙垜浠彲浠ラ氳繃瀵規(guī)瘮涓や釜鏂囦歡鏉ュ樊鐪嬩粬浠殑鍖哄埆錛?br>1銆佸叧浜?etc/passwd 鍜?UID錛?/p>
/etc/passwd 鏄郴緇熻瘑鍒敤鎴風(fēng)殑涓涓枃浠訛紝鍋氫釜涓嶆伆褰撶殑姣斿柣錛?etc/passwd 鏄竴涓姳鍚嶅唽錛岀郴緇熸墍鏈夌殑鐢ㄦ埛閮藉湪榪欓噷鏈夌櫥褰曡杞斤紱褰撴垜浠互beinan 榪欎釜璐﹀彿鐧誨綍鏃訛紝緋葷粺棣栧厛浼?xì)鏌ラ?/etc/passwd 鏂囦歡錛岀湅鏄惁鏈塨einan 榪欎釜璐﹀彿錛岀劧鍚庣‘瀹歜einan鐨刄ID錛岄氳繃UID 鏉ョ‘璁ょ敤鎴峰拰韜喚錛屽鏋滃瓨鍦ㄥ垯璇誨彇/etc/shadow 褰卞瓙鏂囦歡涓墍瀵瑰簲鐨刡einan鐨勫瘑鐮侊紱濡傛灉瀵嗙爜鏍稿疄鏃犺鍒欑櫥褰曠郴緇燂紝璇誨彇鐢ㄦ埛鐨勯厤緗枃浠訛紱
1錛?etc/passwd 鐨勫唴瀹圭悊瑙o細(xì)
鍦?etc/passwd 涓紝姣忎竴琛岄兘琛ㄧず鐨勬槸涓涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑淇℃伅錛涗竴琛屾湁7涓浣嶏紱姣忎釜孌典綅鐢?鍙峰垎鍓詫紝姣斿涓嬮潰鏄垜鐨勭郴緇熶腑鐨?etc/passwd 鐨勪袱琛岋紱
beinan:x:500:500:beinan sun:/home/beinan:/bin/bash
linuxsir:x:505:502:linuxsir open,linuxsir office,13898667715:/home/linuxsir:/bin/bash
beinan:x:500:500:beinan sun:/home/beinan:/bin/bash
linuxsir:x:501:502::/home/linuxsir:/bin/bash
絎竴瀛楁錛氱敤鎴峰悕錛堜篃琚О涓虹櫥褰曞悕錛夛紱鍦ㄤ笂闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓紝鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌榪欎袱涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅垎鍒槸 beinan 鍜宭inuxsir錛?br>絎簩瀛楁錛氬彛浠わ紱鍦ㄤ緥瀛愪腑鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌鐨勬槸涓涓獂錛屽叾瀹炲瘑鐮佸凡琚槧灝勫埌/etc/shadow 鏂囦歡涓紱
絎笁瀛楁錛歎ID 錛涜鍙傜湅鏈枃鐨刄ID鐨勮В璇達(dá)紱
絎洓瀛楁錛欸ID錛涜鍙傜湅鏈枃鐨凣ID鐨勮В璇達(dá)紱
絎簲瀛楁錛氱敤鎴峰悕鍏ㄧО錛岃繖鏄彲閫夌殑錛屽彲浠ヤ笉璁劇疆錛屽湪beinan榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛涓紝鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫叏縐版槸beinan sun 錛涜宭inuxsir 榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鏄病鏈夎緗叏縐幫紱
絎叚瀛楁錛氱敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曟墍鍦ㄤ綅緗紱beinan 榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鏄?home/beinan 錛岃宭inuxsir 榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鏄?home/linuxsir 錛?br>絎竷瀛楁錛氱敤鎴鋒墍鐢⊿HELL 鐨勭被鍨嬶紝beinan鍜宭inuxsir 閮界敤鐨勬槸 bash 錛涙墍浠ヨ緗負(fù)/bin/bash 錛?/p>
2錛夊叧浜嶶ID 鐨勭悊瑙o細(xì)
UID 鏄敤鎴風(fēng)殑ID 鍊鹼紝鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑姣忎釜鐢ㄦ埛鐨刄ID鐨勫兼槸鍞竴鐨勶紝鏇寸‘鍒囩殑璇存瘡涓敤鎴烽兘瑕佸搴斾竴涓敮涓鐨刄ID 錛岀郴緇熺鐞嗗憳搴旇紜繚榪欎竴瑙勫垯銆傜郴緇熺敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID鐨勫間粠0寮濮嬶紝鏄竴涓鏁存暟錛岃嚦浜庢渶澶у煎彲浠ュ湪/etc/login.defs 鍙互鏌ュ埌錛屼竴鑸琇inux鍙戣鐗堢害瀹氫負(fù)60000錛?鍦↙inux 涓紝root鐨刄ID鏄?錛屾嫢鏈夌郴緇熸渶楂樻潈闄愶紱
UID 鍦ㄧ郴緇熷敮涓鐗規(guī)э紝鍋氫負(fù)緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樺簲璇ョ‘淇濊繖涓鏍囧噯錛孶ID 鐨勫敮涓鎬у叧緋誨埌緋葷粺鐨勫畨鍏紝搴旇鍊煎緱鎴戜滑鍏蟲敞錛佹瘮濡傛垜鍦?etc/passwd 涓妸beinan鐨刄ID 鏀逛負(fù)0鍚庯紝浣犺鎯充細(xì)鍙戠敓浠涔堝憿錛焍einan榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛浼?xì)琚嫯璁や负root鐢ㄦ埛銆俠einan榪欎釜甯愬彿鍙互榪涜鎵鏈塺oot鐨勬搷浣滐紱
UID 鏄‘璁ょ敤鎴鋒潈闄愮殑鏍囪瘑錛岀敤鎴風(fēng)櫥褰曠郴緇熸墍澶勭殑瑙掕壊鏄氳繃UID 鏉ュ疄鐜扮殑錛岃岄潪鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶏紝鍒囪錛涙妸鍑犱釜鐢ㄦ埛鍏辯敤涓涓猆ID 鏄嵄闄╃殑錛屾瘮濡傛垜浠笂闈㈡墍璋堝埌鐨勶紝鎶婃櫘閫氱敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID 鏀逛負(fù)0錛屽拰root鍏辯敤涓涓猆ID 錛岃繖浜嬪疄涓婂氨閫犳垚浜嗙郴緇熺鐞嗘潈闄愮殑娣蜂貢銆傚鏋滄垜浠兂鐢╮oot鏉冮檺錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃su鎴杝udo鏉ュ疄鐜幫紱鍒囦笉鍙殢鎰忚涓涓敤鎴峰拰root鍒嗕韓鍚屼竴涓猆ID 錛?/p>
UID鏄敮涓鎬э紝鍙槸瑕佹眰綆$悊鍛樻墍鍋氱殑錛屽叾瀹炴垜浠慨鏀?etc/passwd 鏂囦歡錛屽彲浠ヤ慨鏀逛換浣曠敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID鐨勫間負(fù)0錛?br>涓鑸儏鍐典笅錛屾瘡涓狶inux鐨勫彂琛岀増閮戒細(xì)棰勭暀涓瀹氱殑UID鍜孏ID緇欑郴緇熻櫄鎷熺敤鎴峰崰鐢紝铏氭嫙鐢ㄦ埛涓鑸槸緋葷粺瀹夎鏃跺氨鏈夌殑錛屾槸涓轟簡瀹屾垚緋葷粺浠誨姟鎵蹇呴』鐨勭敤鎴鳳紝浣嗚櫄鎷熺敤鎴鋒槸涓嶈兘鐧誨綍緋葷粺鐨勶紝姣斿ftp銆乶obody銆乤dm銆乺pm銆乥in銆乻hutdown絳夛紱
鍦‵edora 緋葷粺浼?xì)鎶婂?99 涓猆ID鍜孏ID 棰勭暀鍑烘潵錛屾垜浠坊鍔犳柊鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁殑UID 浠?00寮濮嬬殑錛孏ID涔熸槸浠?00寮濮嬶紝鑷充簬鍏跺畠緋葷粺錛屾湁鐨勭郴緇熷彲鑳戒細(xì)鎶婂墠999UID鍜孏ID棰勭暀鍑烘潵錛涗互鍚勪釜緋葷粺涓?etc/login.defs涓殑 UID_MIN 鐨勬渶灝忓間負(fù)鍑嗭紱 Fedora 緋葷粺 login.defs鐨刄ID_MIN鏄?00錛岃孶ID_MAX 鍊間負(fù)60000錛屼篃灝辨槸璇存垜浠氳繃adduser榛樿娣誨姞鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID鐨勫兼槸500鍒?0000涔嬮棿錛涜孲lackware 閫氳繃adduser涓嶆寚瀹歎ID鏉ユ坊鍔犵敤鎴鳳紝榛樿UID 鏄粠1000寮濮嬶紱
2銆佸叧浜?etc/shadow 錛?br>1錛?etc/shadow 姒傝錛?/p>
/etc/shadow鏂囦歡鏄?etc/passwd 鐨勫獎(jiǎng)瀛愭枃浠訛紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡騫朵笉鐢?etc/passwd 鑰屼駭鐢熺殑錛岃繖涓や釜鏂囦歡鏄簲璇ユ槸瀵瑰簲浜掕ˉ鐨勶紱shadow鍐呭鍖呮嫭鐢ㄦ埛鍙?qiáng)琚姞瀵嗙殑瀵嗙爜浠ュ強(qiáng)鍏跺?etc/passwd 涓嶈兘鍖呮嫭鐨勪俊鎭紝姣斿鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬湁鏁堟湡闄愮瓑錛涜繖涓枃浠跺彧鏈塺oot鏉冮檺鍙互璇誨彇鍜屾搷浣滐紝鏉冮檺濡備笅錛?/p>
-r-------- 1 root root 1.5K 10鏈?16 09:49 /etc/shadow
/etc/shadow 鐨勬潈闄愪笉鑳介殢渚挎敼涓哄叾瀹冪敤鎴峰彲璇伙紝榪欐牱鍋氭槸鍗遍櫓鐨勩傚鏋滄?zhèn)ㄥ彂鐜皹q欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愬彉鎴愪簡鍏跺畠鐢ㄦ埛緇勬垨鐢ㄦ埛鍙浜嗭紝瑕佽繘琛屾鏌ワ紝浠ラ槻緋葷粺瀹夊叏闂鐨勫彂鐢燂紱
濡傛灉鎴戜滑浠ユ櫘閫氱敤鎴鋒煡鐪嬭繖涓枃浠舵椂錛屽簲璇ヤ粈涔堜篃鏌ョ湅涓嶅埌錛屾彁紺烘槸鏉冮檺涓嶅錛?/p>
[beinan@localhost ~]$ more /etc/shadow
/etc/shadow: 鏉冮檺涓嶅
2錛?etc/shadow 鐨勫唴瀹瑰垎鏋愶紱
/etc/shadow 鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹瑰寘鎷?涓浣嶏紝姣忎釜孌典綅涔嬮棿鐢?鍙峰垎鍓詫紱鎴戜滑浠ュ涓嬬殑渚嬪瓙璇存槑錛?/p>
beinan:$1$VE.Mq2Xf$2c9Qi7EQ9JP8GKF8gH7PB1:13072:0:99999:7:::
linuxsir:$1$IPDvUhXP$8R6J/VtPXvLyXxhLWPrnt/:13072:0:99999:7::13108:
絎竴瀛楁錛氱敤鎴峰悕錛堜篃琚О涓虹櫥褰曞悕錛夛紝鍦?etc/shadow涓紝鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅拰/etc/passwd 鏄浉鍚岀殑錛岃繖鏍峰氨鎶妏asswd 鍜宻hadow涓敤鐨勭敤鎴瘋褰曡仈緋誨湪涓璧鳳紱榪欎釜瀛楁鏄潪絀虹殑錛?br>絎簩瀛楁錛氬瘑鐮侊紙宸茶鍔犲瘑錛夛紝濡傛灉鏄湁浜涚敤鎴峰湪榪欐鏄痻錛岃〃紺鴻繖涓敤鎴蜂笉鑳界櫥褰曞埌緋葷粺錛涜繖涓瓧孌墊槸闈炵┖鐨勶紱
絎笁瀛楁錛氫笂嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ょ殑鏃墮棿錛涜繖涓椂闂存槸浠?970騫?1鏈?1鏃ョ畻璧峰埌鏈榪戜竴嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ょ殑鏃墮棿闂撮殧錛堝ぉ鏁幫級(jí)錛屾?zhèn)ㄥ彲浠ラ氳繃passwd 鏉ヤ慨鏀圭敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀵嗙爜錛岀劧鍚庢煡鐪?etc/shadow涓瀛楁鐨勫彉鍖栵紱
絎洓瀛楁錛氫袱嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ら棿闅旀渶灝戠殑澶╂暟錛涘鏋滆緗負(fù)0,鍒欑鐢ㄦ鍔熻兘錛涗篃灝辨槸璇寸敤鎴峰繀欏葷粡榪囧灝戝ぉ鎵嶈兘淇敼鍏跺彛浠わ紱姝ら」鍔熻兘鐢ㄥ涓嶆槸澶ぇ錛涢粯璁ゅ兼槸閫氳繃/etc/login.defs鏂囦歡瀹氫箟涓幏鍙栵紝PASS_MIN_DAYS 涓湁瀹氫箟錛?br>絎簲瀛楁錛氫袱嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ら棿闅旀渶澶氱殑澶╂暟錛涜繖涓兘澧炲己綆$悊鍛樼鐞嗙敤鎴峰彛浠ょ殑鏃舵晥鎬э紝搴旇璇村湪澧炲己浜嗙郴緇熺殑瀹夊叏鎬э紱濡傛灉鏄郴緇熼粯璁ゅ鹼紝鏄湪娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁敱/etc/login.defs鏂囦歡瀹氫箟涓幏鍙栵紝鍦≒ASS_MAX_DAYS 涓畾涔夛紱
絎叚瀛楁錛氭彁鍓嶅灝戝ぉ璀﹀憡鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)灝嗚繃鏈燂紱褰撶敤鎴風(fēng)櫥褰曠郴緇熷悗錛岀郴緇熺櫥褰曠▼搴忔彁閱掔敤鎴峰彛浠ゅ皢瑕佷綔搴燂紱濡傛灉鏄郴緇熼粯璁ゅ鹼紝鏄湪娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁敱/etc/login.defs鏂囦歡瀹氫箟涓幏鍙栵紝鍦≒ASS_WARN_AGE 涓畾涔夛紱
絎竷瀛楁錛氬湪鍙d護(hù)榪囨湡涔嬪悗澶氬皯澶╃鐢ㄦ鐢ㄦ埛錛涙瀛楁琛ㄧず鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)浣滃簾澶氬皯澶╁悗錛岀郴緇熶細(xì)紱佺敤姝ょ敤鎴鳳紝涔熷氨鏄緋葷粺浼?xì)涓嶈兘鍐嶈姝ょ敤鎴风櫿d綍錛屼篃涓嶄細(xì)鎻愮ず鐢ㄦ埛榪囨湡錛屾槸瀹屽叏紱佺敤錛?br>絎叓瀛楁錛氱敤鎴瘋繃鏈熸棩鏈燂紱姝ゅ瓧孌墊寚瀹氫簡鐢ㄦ埛浣滃簾鐨勫ぉ鏁幫紙浠?970騫寸殑1鏈?鏃ュ紑濮嬬殑澶╂暟錛夛紝濡傛灉榪欎釜瀛楁鐨勫間負(fù)絀猴紝甯愬彿姘鎬箙鍙敤錛?br>絎節(jié)瀛楁錛氫繚鐣欏瓧孌碉紝鐩墠涓虹┖錛屼互澶囧皢鏉inux鍙戝睍涔嬬敤錛?br>濡傛灉鏇翠負(fù)璇︾粏鐨勶紝璇風(fēng)敤 man shadow鏉ユ煡鐪嬪府鍔╋紝鎮(zhèn)ㄤ細(xì)寰楀埌鏇翠負(fù)璇﹀敖鐨勮祫鏂欙紱
鎴戜滑鍐嶆牴鎹疄渚嬪垎鏋愶細(xì)
beinan:$1$VE.Mq2Xf$2c9Qi7EQ9JP8GKF8gH7PB1:13072:0:99999:7:::
linuxsir:$1$IPDvUhXP$8R6J/VtPXvLyXxhLWPrnt/:13072:0:99999:7::13108:
絎竴瀛楁錛氱敤鎴峰悕錛堜篃琚О涔嬩負(fù)鐧誨綍鍚嶏級(jí)錛屽湪渚嬪瓙涓湁宄¤胺涓ゆ潯璁板綍錛屼篃琛ㄧず鏈変袱涓敤鎴穊einan鍜宭inuxsir
絎簩瀛楁錛氳鍔犲瘑鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝濡傛灉鏈夌殑鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄦ瀛楁涓槸x錛岃〃紺鴻繖涓敤鎴蜂笉鑳界櫥褰曠郴緇燂紝涔熷彲浠ョ湅浣滄槸铏氭嫙鐢ㄦ埛錛屼笉榪囪櫄鎷熺敤鎴峰拰鐪熷疄鐢ㄦ埛閮芥槸鐩稿鐨勶紝緋葷粺綆$悊鍛橀殢鏃跺彲浠ュ浠諱綍鐢ㄦ埛鎿嶄綔錛?br>絎笁瀛楁錛氳〃紺轟笂嬈℃洿鏀瑰彛浠ょ殑澶╂暟錛堣窛1970騫?1鏈?1鏃ワ級(jí)錛屼笂闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙鑳借鏄巄einan鍜宭inuxsir榪欎袱涓敤鎴鳳紝鏄湪鍚屼竴澶╂洿鏀逛簡鐢ㄦ埛瀵嗙爜錛屽綋鐒舵槸閫氳繃passwd 鍛戒護(hù)鏉ユ洿鏀圭殑錛屾洿鏀瑰瘑鐮佺殑鏃墮棿璺?970騫?1鏈?1鏃ョ殑澶╂暟涓?3072錛?br>絎洓瀛楁錛氱鐢ㄤ袱嬈″彛浠や慨鏀逛箣闂存渶灝忓ぉ鏁扮殑鍔熻兘錛岃緗負(fù)0
絎簲瀛楁錛氫袱嬈′慨鏀瑰彛浠ら棿闅旀渶澶氱殑澶╂暟錛屽湪渚嬪瓙涓兘鏄?9999澶╋紱榪欎釜鍊煎鏋滃湪娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃舵病鏈夋寚瀹氱殑璇濓紝鏄氳繃/etc/login.defs鏉ヨ幏鍙栭粯璁ゅ鹼紝PASS_MAX_DAYS 99999錛涙?zhèn)ㄥ彲浠ユ煡鐪?etc/login.defs鏉ユ煡鐪嬶紝鍏蜂綋鐨勫鹼紱
絎叚瀛楁錛氭彁鍓嶅灝戝ぉ璀﹀憡鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)灝嗚繃鏈燂紱褰撶敤鎴風(fēng)櫥褰曠郴緇熷悗錛岀郴緇熺櫥褰曠▼搴忔彁閱掔敤鎴峰彛浠ゅ皢瑕佷綔搴燂紱濡傛灉鏄郴緇熼粯璁ゅ鹼紝鏄湪娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁敱/etc/login.defs鏂囦歡瀹氫箟涓幏鍙栵紝鍦≒ASS_WARN_AGE 涓畾涔夛紱鍦ㄤ緥瀛愪腑鐨勫兼槸7 錛岃〃紺哄湪鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)灝嗚繃鏈熺殑鍓?澶╄鍛婄敤鎴鋒洿鏀規(guī)湡鍙d護(hù)錛?br>絎竷瀛楁錛氬湪鍙d護(hù)榪囨湡涔嬪悗澶氬皯澶╃鐢ㄦ鐢ㄦ埛錛涙瀛楁琛ㄧず鐢ㄦ埛鍙d護(hù)浣滃簾澶氬皯澶╁悗錛岀郴緇熶細(xì)紱佺敤姝ょ敤鎴鳳紝涔熷氨鏄緋葷粺浼?xì)涓嶈兘鍐嶈姝ょ敤鎴风櫿d綍錛屼篃涓嶄細(xì)鎻愮ず鐢ㄦ埛榪囨湡錛屾槸瀹屽叏紱佺敤錛涘湪渚嬪瓙涓紝姝ゅ瓧孌典袱涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑閮芥槸絀虹殑錛岃〃紺虹鐢ㄨ繖涓姛鑳斤紱
絎叓瀛楁錛氱敤鎴瘋繃鏈熸棩鏈燂紱姝ゅ瓧孌墊寚瀹氫簡鐢ㄦ埛浣滃簾鐨勫ぉ鏁幫紙浠?970騫寸殑1鏈?鏃ュ紑濮嬬殑澶╂暟錛夛紝濡傛灉榪欎釜瀛楁鐨勫間負(fù)絀猴紝甯愬彿姘鎬箙鍙敤錛涘湪渚嬪瓙涓紝鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌beinan榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄦ瀛楁鏄┖鐨勶紝琛ㄧず姝ょ敤鎴鋒案涔呭彲鐢紱鑰宭inuxsir榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛琛ㄧず鍦ㄨ窛1970騫?1鏈?1鏃ュ悗13108澶╁悗榪囨湡錛岀畻璧鋒潵涔熷氨鏄?005騫?1鏈?1鍙瘋繃鏈燂紱鍝堝搱錛屽鏋滄湁鍏磋叮鐨勭殑寮熷厔錛岃嚜宸辨潵綆楃畻錛屽ぇ浣撹繕鏄樊涓嶅鐨?)錛?br>絎節(jié)瀛楁錛氫繚鐣欏瓧孌碉紝鐩墠涓虹┖錛屼互澶囧皢鏉inux鍙戝睍涔嬬敤錛?/p>
鏈枃鏉ヨ嚜CSDN鍗氬錛岃漿杞借鏍囨槑鍑哄錛?a >http://blog.csdn.net/wupan168/archive/2009/09/17/4563268.aspx
鎽樿錛氭湰鏂囦富瑕佽榪板湪Linux 緋葷粺涓敤鎴?user)鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍(group)綆$悊鐩稿簲鐨勬蹇碉紱鐢ㄦ埛(user)鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍(group)鐩稿叧鍛戒護(hù)鐨勫垪涓撅紱鍏朵腑涔熷鍗曠敤鎴峰浠誨姟錛屽鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔′篃鍋氫互瑙h錛屾湰鏂囧簲璇ヨ鏄瘮杈冨熀紜鐨勬枃妗o紱
涓銆佺悊瑙inux鐨勫崟鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔★紝澶氱敤鎴峰浠誨姟姒傚康錛?br>Linux 鏄竴涓鐢ㄦ埛銆佸浠誨姟鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇燂紱鎴戜滑搴旇浜嗚В鍗曠敤鎴峰浠誨姟鍜屽鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔$殑姒傚康錛?/p>
1銆丩inux 鐨勫崟鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔★紱
鍗曠敤鎴峰浠誨姟錛涙瘮濡傛垜浠互beinan 鐧誨綍緋葷粺錛岃繘鍏ョ郴緇熷悗錛屾垜瑕佹墦寮gedit 鏉ュ啓鏂囨。錛屼絾鍦ㄥ啓鏂囨。鐨勮繃紼嬩腑錛屾垜鎰熻灝戠偣闊充箰錛屾墍浠ュ張鎵撳紑xmms 鏉ョ偣闊充箰錛涘綋鐒跺惉鐐歸煶涔愯繕涓嶈錛孧SN 榪樺緱鎵撳紑錛屾兂鐭ラ亾鍑犱釜寮熷厔鐜板湪姝e湪鍋氫粈涔堬紝榪欐牱涓鏍鳳紝鎴戝湪鐢╞einan 鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍鏃訛紝鎵ц浜唃edit 銆亁mms浠ュ強(qiáng)msn絳夛紝褰撶劧榪樻湁杈撳叆娉昮citx 錛涜繖鏍瘋鏉ュ氨鏈夌偣綆鍗曚簡錛屼竴涓猙einan鐢ㄦ埛錛屼負(fù)浜嗗畬鎴愬伐浣滐紝鎵ц浜嗗嚑涓換鍔★紱褰撶劧beinan榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛錛屽叾瀹冪殑浜鴻繕鑳戒互榪滅▼鐧誨綍榪囨潵錛屼篃鑳藉仛鍏跺畠鐨勫伐浣溿?/p>
2銆丩inux 鐨勫鐢ㄦ埛銆佸浠誨姟錛?/p>
鏈夋椂鍙兘鏄緢澶氱敤鎴峰悓鏃剁敤鍚屼竴涓郴緇燂紝浣嗗茍涓嶆墍鏈夌殑鐢ㄦ埛閮戒竴瀹氶兘瑕佸仛鍚屼竴浠朵簨錛屾墍浠ヨ繖灝辨湁澶氱敤鎴峰浠誨姟涔嬭錛?br>涓句釜渚嬪瓙錛屾瘮濡侺inuxSir.Org 鏈嶅姟鍣紝涓婇潰鏈塅TP 鐢ㄦ埛銆佺郴緇熺鐞嗗憳銆亀eb 鐢ㄦ埛銆佸父瑙勬櫘閫氱敤鎴風(fēng)瓑錛屽湪鍚屼竴鏃跺埢錛屽彲鑳芥湁鐨勫紵鍏勬鍦ㄨ闂鍧涳紱鏈夌殑鍙兘鍦ㄤ笂浼犺蔣浠跺寘綆$悊瀛愮珯錛屾瘮濡俵uma 鎴朰uking 鍏勫湪綆$悊浠栦滑鐨勪富欏電郴緇熷拰FTP 錛涘湪涓庢鍚屾椂錛屽彲鑳借繕浼?xì)鏈壘p葷粺綆$悊鍛樺湪緇存姢緋葷粺錛涙祻瑙堜富欏電殑鐢ㄧ殑鏄痭obody 鐢ㄦ埛錛屽ぇ瀹墮兘鐢ㄥ悓涓涓紝鑰屼笂浼犺蔣浠跺寘鐢ㄧ殑鏄疐TP鐢ㄦ埛錛涚鐞嗗憳鐨勫緋葷粺鐨勭淮鎶ゆ垨鏌ョ湅錛屽彲鑳界敤鐨勬槸鏅氬笎鍙鋒垨瓚呯駭鏉冮檺root甯愬彿錛涗笉鍚岀敤鎴鋒墍鍏鋒湁鐨勬潈闄愪篃涓嶅悓錛岃瀹屾垚涓嶅悓鐨勪換鍔″緱闇瑕佷笉鍚岀殑鐢ㄦ埛錛屼篃鍙互璇翠笉鍚岀殑鐢ㄦ埛錛屽彲鑳藉畬鎴愮殑宸ヤ綔涔熶笉涓鏍鳳紱
鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸錛氬鐢ㄦ埛澶氫換鍔″茍涓嶆槸澶у鍚屾椂鎸ゅ埌涓鎺ュ湪涓鍙版満鍣ㄧ殑鐨勯敭鐩樺拰鏄劇ず鍣ㄥ墠鏉ユ搷浣滄満鍣紝澶氱敤鎴峰彲鑳介氳繃榪滅▼鐧誨綍鏉ヨ繘琛岋紝姣斿瀵規(guī)湇鍔″櫒鐨勮繙紼嬫帶鍒訛紝鍙鏈夌敤鎴鋒潈闄愪換浣曚漢閮芥槸鍙互涓婂幓鎿嶄綔鎴栬闂殑錛?/p>
3銆佺敤鎴風(fēng)殑瑙掕壊鍖哄垎錛?/p>
鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑鏄垎瑙掕壊鐨勶紝鍦↙inux 緋葷粺涓紝鐢變簬瑙掕壊涓嶅悓錛屾潈闄愬拰鎵瀹屾垚鐨勪換鍔′篃涓嶅悓錛涘煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮鑹叉槸閫氳繃UID鍜岃瘑鍒殑錛岀壒鍒槸UID錛涘湪緋葷粺綆$悊涓紝緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樹竴瀹氳鍧氬畧UID 鍞竴鐨勭壒鎬э紱
root 鐢ㄦ埛錛氱郴緇熷敮涓錛屾槸鐪熷疄鐨勶紝鍙互鐧誨綍緋葷粺錛屽彲浠ユ搷浣滅郴緇熶換浣曟枃浠跺拰鍛戒護(hù)錛屾嫢鏈夋渶楂樻潈闄愶紱
铏氭嫙鐢ㄦ埛錛氳繖綾葷敤鎴蜂篃琚О涔嬩負(fù)浼敤鎴鋒垨鍋囩敤鎴鳳紝涓庣湡瀹炵敤鎴峰尯鍒嗗紑鏉ワ紝榪欑被鐢ㄦ埛涓嶅叿鏈夌櫥褰曠郴緇熺殑鑳藉姏錛屼絾鍗存槸緋葷粺榪愯涓嶅彲緙哄皯鐨勭敤鎴鳳紝姣斿bin銆乨aemon銆乤dm銆乫tp銆乵ail絳夛紱榪欑被鐢ㄦ埛閮界郴緇熻嚜韜嫢鏈夌殑錛岃岄潪鍚庢潵娣誨姞鐨勶紝褰撶劧鎴戜滑涔熷彲浠ユ坊鍔犺櫄鎷熺敤鎴鳳紱
鏅氱湡瀹炵敤鎴鳳細(xì)榪欑被鐢ㄦ埛鑳界櫥褰曠郴緇燂紝浣嗗彧鑳芥搷浣滆嚜宸卞鐩綍鐨勫唴瀹癸紱鏉冮檺鏈夐檺錛涜繖綾葷敤鎴烽兘鏄郴緇熺鐞嗗憳鑷娣誨姞鐨勶紱
4銆佸鐢ㄦ埛鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨勫畨鍏紱
澶氱敤鎴風(fēng)郴緇熶粠浜嬪疄鏉ヨ瀵圭郴緇熺鐞嗘洿涓烘柟渚褲備粠瀹夊叏瑙掑害鏉ヨ錛屽鐢ㄦ埛綆$悊鐨勭郴緇熸洿涓哄畨鍏紝姣斿beinan鐢ㄦ埛涓嬬殑鏌愪釜鏂囦歡涓嶆兂璁╁叾瀹冪敤鎴風(fēng)湅鍒幫紝鍙槸璁劇疆涓涓嬫枃浠剁殑鏉冮檺錛屽彧鏈塨einan涓涓敤鎴峰彲璇誨彲鍐欏彲緙栬緫灝辮浜嗭紝榪欐牱涓鏉ュ彧鏈塨einan涓涓敤鎴峰彲浠ュ鍏剁鏈夋枃浠惰繘琛屾搷浣滐紝Linux 鍦ㄥ鐢ㄦ埛涓嬭〃鐜版渶浣籌紝Linux鑳藉緢濂界殑淇濇姢姣忎釜鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫畨鍏紝浣嗘垜浠篃寰楀浼?xì)Linux 鎵嶆槸錛屽啀瀹夊叏鐨勭郴緇燂紝濡傛灉娌℃湁瀹夊叏鎰忚瘑鐨勭鐞嗗憳鎴栫鐞嗘妧鏈紝榪欐牱鐨勭郴緇熶篃涓嶆槸瀹夊叏鐨勩?br>浠庢湇鍔″櫒瑙掑害鏉ヨ錛屽鐢ㄦ埛鐨勪笅鐨勭郴緇熷畨鍏ㄦт篃鏄渶涓洪噸瑕佺殑錛屾垜浠父鐢ㄧ殑Windows 鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛屽畠鍦ㄧ郴綰烘潈闄愮鐞嗙殑鑳藉姏鍙兘璇存槸涓鑸埇錛屾牴鏈病鏈夋病鏈夊姙娉曞拰Linux鎴朥nix 綾葷郴緇熺浉姣旓紱
浜屻佺敤鎴?user錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夋蹇碉紱
1銆佺敤鎴鳳紙user錛夌殑姒傚康錛?br>閫氳繃鍓嶉潰瀵筁inux 澶氱敤鎴風(fēng)殑鐞嗚В錛屾垜浠槑鐧絃inux 鏄湡姝f剰涔変笂鐨勫鐢ㄦ埛鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛屾墍浠ユ垜浠兘鍦↙inux緋葷粺涓緩鑻ュ共鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夈傛瘮濡傛垜浠殑鍚屼簨鎯崇敤鎴戠殑璁$畻鏈猴紝浣嗘垜涓嶆兂璁╀粬鐢ㄦ垜鐨勭敤鎴峰悕鐧誨綍錛屽洜涓烘垜鐨勭敤鎴峰悕涓嬫湁涓嶆兂璁╁埆浜虹湅鍒扮殑璧勬枡鍜屼俊鎭紙涔熷氨鏄殣縐佸唴瀹癸級(jí)榪欐椂鎴戝氨鍙互緇欎粬寤轟竴涓柊鐨勭敤鎴峰悕錛岃浠栫敤鎴戞墍寮鐨勭敤鎴峰悕鍘繪姌鑵撅紝榪欎粠璁$畻鏈哄畨鍏ㄨ搴︽潵璇存槸絎﹀悎鎿嶄綔瑙勫垯鐨勶紱
褰撶劧鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夌殑姒傚康鐞嗚В榪樹笉浠呬粎浜庢錛屽湪Linux緋葷粺涓繕鏈変竴浜涚敤鎴鋒槸鐢ㄦ潵瀹屾垚鐗瑰畾浠誨姟鐨勶紝姣斿nobody鍜宖tp 絳夛紝鎴戜滑璁塊棶LinuxSir.Org 鐨勭綉欏電▼搴忥紝灝辨槸nobody鐢ㄦ埛錛涙垜浠尶鍚嶈闂甪tp 鏃訛紝浼?xì)鐢ㄥ埌鐢ㄦ埛ftp鎴杗obody 錛涘鏋滄?zhèn)ㄦ兂浜嗚ВLinux緋葷粺鐨勪竴浜涘笎鍙鳳紝璇鋒煡鐪?/etc/passwd 錛?/p>
2銆佺敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛坓roup錛夌殑姒傚康錛?br>鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夊氨鏄叿鏈夌浉鍚岀壒寰佺殑鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夌殑闆嗗悎浣擄紱姣斿鏈夋椂鎴戜滑瑕佽澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛鍏鋒湁鐩稿悓鐨勬潈闄愶紝姣斿鏌ョ湅銆佷慨鏀規(guī)煇涓鏂囦歡鎴栨墽琛屾煇涓懡浠わ紝榪欐椂鎴戜滑闇瑕佺敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛屾垜浠妸鐢ㄦ埛閮藉畾涔夊埌鍚屼竴鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紝鎴戜滑閫氳繃淇敼鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曠殑鏉冮檺錛岃鐢ㄦ埛緇勫叿鏈変竴瀹氱殑鎿嶄綔鏉冮檺錛岃繖鏍風(fēng)敤鎴風(fēng)粍涓嬬殑鐢ㄦ埛瀵硅鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曢兘鍏鋒湁鐩稿悓鐨勬潈闄愶紝榪欐槸鎴戜滑閫氳繃瀹氫箟緇勫拰淇敼鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愭潵瀹炵幇鐨勶紱
涓句緥錛氭垜浠負(fù)浜嗚涓浜涚敤鎴鋒湁鏉冮檺鏌ョ湅鏌愪竴鏂囨。錛屾瘮濡傛槸涓涓椂闂磋〃錛岃岀紪鍐欐椂闂磋〃鐨勪漢瑕佸叿鏈夎鍐欐墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺錛屾垜浠兂璁╀竴浜涚敤鎴風(fēng)煡閬撹繖涓椂闂磋〃鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鑰屼笉璁╀粬浠慨鏀癸紝鎵浠ユ垜浠彲浠ユ妸榪欎簺鐢ㄦ埛閮藉垝鍒頒竴涓粍錛岀劧鍚庢潵淇敼榪欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愶紝璁╃敤鎴風(fēng)粍鍙錛岃繖鏍風(fēng)敤鎴風(fēng)粍涓嬮潰鐨勬瘡涓敤鎴烽兘鏄彲璇葷殑錛?br>鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀敤鎴風(fēng)粍鐨勫搴斿叧緋繪槸錛氫竴瀵逛竴銆佸瀵逛竴銆佷竴瀵瑰鎴栧瀵瑰錛?br>涓瀵逛竴錛氭煇涓敤鎴峰彲浠ユ槸鏌愪釜緇勭殑鍞竴鎴愬憳錛?br>澶氬涓錛氬涓敤鎴峰彲浠ユ槸鏌愪釜鍞竴鐨勭粍鐨勬垚鍛橈紝涓嶅綊灞炲叾瀹冪敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛涙瘮濡俠einan鍜宭inuxsir涓や釜鐢ㄦ埛鍙綊灞炰簬beinan鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紱
涓瀵瑰錛氭煇涓敤鎴峰彲浠ユ槸澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛緇勭殑鎴愬憳錛涙瘮濡俠einan鍙互鏄痳oot緇勬垚鍛橈紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸linuxsir鐢ㄦ埛緇勬垚鍛橈紝榪樺彲浠ユ槸adm鐢ㄦ埛緇勬垚鍛橈紱
澶氬澶氾細(xì)澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛瀵瑰簲澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紝騫朵笖鍑犱釜鐢ㄦ埛鍙互鏄綊灞炵浉鍚岀殑緇勶紱鍏跺疄澶氬澶氱殑鍏崇郴鏄墠闈笁鏉$殑鎵╁睍錛涚悊瑙d簡涓婇潰鐨勪笁鏉★紝榪欐潯涔熻兘鐞嗚В錛?/p>
涓夈佺敤鎴鳳紙user錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡銆佸懡浠ゆ垨鐩綍錛?/p>
1銆佷笌鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?br>1錛変笌鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夌浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?/p>
/etc/passwd 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夌殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?br>/etc/shadow 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夊獎(jiǎng)瀛愬彛浠ゆ枃浠訛紱
2錛変笌鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?br>/etc/group 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夐厤緗枃浠訛紱
/etc/gshadow 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌殑褰卞瓙鏂囦歡錛?/p>
2銆佺鐞嗙敤鎴鳳紙user錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌殑鐩稿叧宸ュ叿鎴栧懡浠わ紱
1錛夌鐞嗙敤鎴鳳紙user錛夌殑宸ュ叿鎴栧懡浠わ紱
useradd 娉細(xì)娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛
adduser 娉細(xì)娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛
passwd 娉細(xì)涓虹敤鎴瘋緗瘑鐮?br>usermod 娉細(xì)淇敼鐢ㄦ埛鍛戒護(hù)錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃usermod 鏉ヤ慨鏀圭櫥褰曞悕銆佺敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曠瓑絳夛紱
pwcov 娉細(xì)鍚屾鐢ㄦ埛浠?etc/passwd 鍒?etc/shadow
pwck 娉細(xì)pwck鏄牎楠岀敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠?etc/passwd 鍜?etc/shadow 鏂囦歡鍐呭鏄惁鍚堟硶鎴栧畬鏁達(dá)紱
pwunconv 娉細(xì)鏄痯wcov 鐨勭珛閫嗗悜鎿嶄綔錛屾槸浠?etc/shadow鍜?/etc/passwd 鍒涘緩/etc/passwd 錛岀劧鍚庝細(xì)鍒犻櫎 /etc/shadow 鏂囦歡錛?br>finger 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅宸ュ叿
id 娉細(xì)鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛鐨刄ID銆丟ID鍙?qiáng)鎵褰掑睘鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)粍
chfn 娉細(xì)鏇存敼鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅宸ュ叿
su 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛鍒囨崲宸ュ叿
sudo 娉細(xì)sudo 鏄氳繃鍙︿竴涓敤鎴鋒潵鎵ц鍛戒護(hù)錛坋xecute a command as another user錛夛紝su 鏄敤鏉ュ垏鎹㈢敤鎴鳳紝鐒跺悗閫氳繃鍒囨崲鍒扮殑鐢ㄦ埛鏉ュ畬鎴愮浉搴旂殑浠誨姟錛屼絾sudo 鑳藉悗闈㈢洿鎺ユ墽琛屽懡浠わ紝姣斿sudo 涓嶉渶瑕乺oot 瀵嗙爜灝卞彲浠ユ墽琛宺oot 璧嬩笌鐨勬墽琛屽彧鏈塺oot鎵嶈兘鎵ц鐩稿簲鐨勫懡浠わ紱浣嗗緱閫氳繃visudo 鏉ョ紪杈?etc/sudoers鏉ュ疄鐜幫紱
visudo 娉細(xì)visodo 鏄紪杈?/etc/sudoers 鐨勫懡浠わ紱涔熷彲浠ヤ笉鐢ㄨ繖涓懡浠わ紝鐩存帴鐢╲i 鏉ョ紪杈?/etc/sudoers 鐨勬晥鏋滄槸涓鏍風(fēng)殑錛?br>sudoedit 娉細(xì)鍜宻udo 鍔熻兘宸笉澶氾紱
2錛夌鐞嗙敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛坓roup錛夌殑宸ュ叿鎴栧懡浠わ紱
groupadd 娉細(xì)娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紱
groupdel 娉細(xì)鍒犻櫎鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紱
groupmod 娉細(xì)淇敼鐢ㄦ埛緇勪俊鎭?br>groups 娉細(xì)鏄劇ず鐢ㄦ埛鎵灞炵殑鐢ㄦ埛緇?br>grpck
grpconv 娉細(xì)閫氳繃/etc/group鍜?etc/gshadow 鐨勬枃浠跺唴瀹規(guī)潵鍚屾鎴栧垱寤?etc/gshadow 錛屽鏋?etc/gshadow 涓嶅瓨鍦ㄥ垯鍒涘緩錛?br>grpunconv 娉細(xì)閫氳繃/etc/group 鍜?etc/gshadow 鏂囦歡鍐呭鏉ュ悓姝ユ垨鍒涘緩/etc/group 錛岀劧鍚庡垹闄shadow鏂囦歡錛?/p>
3銆?etc/skel 鐩綍錛?br>/etc/skel鐩綍涓鑸槸瀛樻斁鐢ㄦ埛鍚姩鏂囦歡鐨勭洰褰曪紝榪欎釜鐩綍鏄敱root鏉冮檺鎺у埗錛屽綋鎴戜滑娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃訛紝榪欎釜鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦歡鑷姩澶嶅埗鍒版柊娣誨姞鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曚笅錛?etc/skel 鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦歡閮芥槸闅愯棌鏂囦歡錛屼篃灝辨槸綾諱技.file鏍煎紡鐨勶紱鎴戜滑鍙氳繃淇敼銆佹坊鍔犮佸垹闄?etc/skel鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦歡錛屾潵涓虹敤鎴鋒彁渚涗竴涓粺涓銆佹爣鍑嗙殑銆侀粯璁ょ殑鐢ㄦ埛鐜錛?/p>
[root@localhost beinan]# ls -la /etc/skel/
鎬葷敤閲?92
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 8鏈?11 23:32 .
drwxr-xr-x 115 root root 12288 10鏈?14 13:44 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24 5鏈?11 00:15 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 5鏈?11 00:15 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124 5鏈?11 00:15 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5619 2005-03-08 .canna
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 438 5鏈?18 15:23 .emacs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 120 5鏈?23 05:18 .gtkrc
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 8鏈?11 23:16 .kde
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 658 2005-01-17 .zshrc
/etc/skel 鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦歡錛屼竴鑸槸鎴戜滑鐢╱seradd 鍜宎dduser 鍛戒護(hù)娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夋椂錛岀郴緇熻嚜鍔ㄥ鍒跺埌鏂版坊鍔犵敤鎴鳳紙user錛夌殑瀹剁洰褰曚笅錛涘鏋滄垜浠氳繃淇敼 /etc/passwd 鏉ユ坊鍔犵敤鎴鋒椂錛屾垜浠彲浠ヨ嚜宸卞垱寤虹敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曪紝鐒跺悗鎶?etc/skel 涓嬬殑鏂囦歡澶嶅埗鍒扮敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曚笅錛岀劧鍚庤鐢╟hown 鏉ユ敼鍙樻柊鐢ㄦ埛瀹剁洰褰曠殑灞炰富錛?br>4銆?etc/login.defs 閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?br>/etc/login.defs 鏂囦歡鏄綋鍒涘緩鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁殑涓浜涜鍒掞紝姣斿鍒涘緩鐢ㄦ埛鏃訛紝鏄惁闇瑕佸鐩綍錛孶ID鍜孏ID鐨勮寖鍥達(dá)紱鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬湡闄愮瓑絳夛紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡鏄彲浠ラ氳繃root鏉ュ畾涔夌殑錛?br>姣斿Fedora 鐨?/etc/logins.defs 鏂囦歡鍐呭錛?/p>
# *REQUIRED*
# Directory where mailboxes reside, _or_ name of file, relative to the
# home directory. If you _do_ define both, MAIL_DIR takes precedence.
# QMAIL_DIR is for Qmail
#
#QMAIL_DIR Maildir
MAIL_DIR /var/spool/mail 娉細(xì)鍒涘緩鐢ㄦ埛鏃訛紝瑕佸湪鐩綍/var/spool/mail涓垱寤轟竴涓敤鎴穖ail鏂囦歡錛?br>#MAIL_FILE .mail
# Password aging controls:
#
# PASS_MAX_DAYS Maximum number of days a password may be used.
# PASS_MIN_DAYS Minimum number of days allowed between password changes.
# PASS_MIN_LEN Minimum acceptable password length.
# PASS_WARN_AGE Number of days warning given before a password expires.
#
PASS_MAX_DAYS 99999 娉細(xì)鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮佷笉榪囨湡鏈澶氱殑澶╂暟錛?br>PASS_MIN_DAYS 0 娉細(xì)瀵嗙爜淇敼涔嬮棿鏈灝忕殑澶╂暟錛?br>PASS_MIN_LEN 5 娉細(xì)瀵嗙爜鏈灝忛暱搴︼紱
PASS_WARN_AGE 7 娉細(xì)
#
# Min/max values for automatic uid selection in useradd
#
UID_MIN 500 娉細(xì)鏈灝廢ID涓?00 錛屼篃灝辨槸璇存坊鍔犵敤鎴鋒椂錛孶ID 鏄粠500寮濮嬬殑錛?br>UID_MAX 60000 娉細(xì)鏈澶ID涓?0000錛?br>#
# Min/max values for automatic gid selection in groupadd
#
GID_MIN 500 娉細(xì)GID 鏄粠500寮濮嬶紱
GID_MAX 60000
#
# If defined, this command is run when removing a user.
# It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by
# the user to be removed (passed as the first argument).
#
#USERDEL_CMD /usr/sbin/userdel_local
#
# If useradd should create home directories for users by default
# On RH systems, we do. This option is ORed with the -m flag on
# useradd command line.
#
CREATE_HOME yes 娉細(xì)鏄惁鍒涚敤鎴峰鐩綍錛岃姹傚垱寤猴紱
5銆?etc/default/useradd 鏂囦歡錛?/p>
閫氳繃useradd 娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃剁殑瑙勫垯鏂囦歡錛?/p>
# useradd defaults file
GROUP=100
HOME=/home 娉細(xì)鎶婄敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹剁洰褰曞緩鍦?home涓紱
INACTIVE=-1 娉細(xì)鏄惁鍚敤甯愬彿榪囨湡鍋滄潈錛?1琛ㄧず涓嶅惎鐢紱
EXPIRE= 娉細(xì)甯愬彿緇堟鏃ユ湡錛屼笉璁劇疆琛ㄧず涓嶅惎鐢紱
SHELL=/bin/bash 娉細(xì)鎵鐢⊿HELL鐨勭被鍨嬶紱
SKEL=/etc/skel 娉細(xì)榛樿娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭洰褰曢粯璁ゆ枃浠跺瓨鏀句綅緗紱涔熷氨鏄錛屽綋鎴戜滑鐢╝dduser娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛鏃訛紝鐢ㄦ埛瀹剁洰褰曚笅鐨勬枃浠訛紝閮芥槸浠庤繖涓洰褰曚腑澶嶅埗榪囧幓鐨勶紱
鍚庤錛?/p>
鍏充簬鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌鐞嗗唴瀹瑰ぇ綰﹀氨鏄繖涔堝錛涘彧瑕佹妸涓婇潰鎵璇寸殑鍐呭浜嗚В鍜屾帉鎻★紝鐢ㄦ埛錛坲ser錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夌鐞嗗氨宸笉澶氫簡錛涚敱浜庣敤鎴鳳紙user錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛夋槸鍜屾枃浠跺強(qiáng)鐩綍鏉冮檺鑱旂郴鍦ㄤ竴璧風(fēng)殑錛屾墍浠ユ枃浠跺強(qiáng)鐩綍鏉冮檺鐨勬搷浣滀篃浼?xì)鐙珛鎴愭枃鏉ゾl欏ぇ瀹朵粙緇嶏紱
鏈枃鍙槸璁╂柊鎵嬪紵鍏勬槑鐧界敤鎴鳳紙user錛夊拰鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紙group錛変竴浜涘師鐞嗭紝鎵浠ユ垜鍦ㄥ啓姝ゆ枃鐨勬椂鍊欙紝澶у鏄В璇村唴瀹癸紝鎴戠殑鎰忔濇槸閫氳繃瑙h鍜岀儲(chǔ)寮曚竴浜涘懡浠わ紝璁╂柊鎵嬪紵鍏勬槑鐧戒竴鐐圭悊璁烘槸姣旇緝閲嶈鐨勶紝鎶鏈搷浣滄棤闈炴槸鍛戒護(hù)鐨勭敤娉曪紱
鏈枃鏉ヨ嚜CSDN鍗氬錛岃漿杞借鏍囨槑鍑哄錛?a >http://blog.csdn.net/wupan168/archive/2009/09/17/4563265.aspx