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C++ Programmer's Cookbook

{C++ 基礎} {C++ 高級} {C#界面，C++核心算法} {設計模式} {C#基礎}

C++多線程（四）

多線程同步之WIN API互鎖函數 （可以避免使用CriticalSection或Mutex）

一 互鎖函數

      互鎖函數的家族十分的龐大，可以查看msdn（http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686360.aspx）以InterLocked開始的函數都是戶數函數。使用互鎖函數的優點是：他的速度要比其他的CriticalSection,Mutex,Event,Semaphore快很多。

二 簡單實例

      使用一些實例說明部分互鎖函數的使用：

1) LONG InterlockedExchangeAdd(   PLONG plAddend,LONG Increment);

簡單實例，在線程函數中對全局的變量自增，在開始使其為0，在線程都執行完以后輸出全局變量的值，如果我們不使用互鎖函數，則最后輸出的結果，大部分情況是不正確的，比如我們一共有10000個線程的話，則全局變量的值一般是比10000要小；但是如果我們使用互鎖函數來實現自增，則就快速的實現了線程安全，最后輸出的全局變量一定是10000.

#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define THREAD_MAX 100000

int g_x = 0;

unsigned  __stdcall ThreadEntity(void * pVoid)
{
    g_x++;
    //InterlockedExchangeAdd(reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x),1);    
    return 1;        
}
int main()
{     

    HANDLE   hth[THREAD_MAX];
    unsigned  uiThreadID[THREAD_MAX];

    printf("start create children threadings:\n");
    for(int i = 0; i < THREAD_MAX; ++i)
    {
        hth[i] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex( NULL,         // security
            0,            // stack size
            ThreadEntity,
            (void*)&i,           // arg list
            0,  
            &uiThreadID[i] );

        if ( hth[i]== 0 )
            printf("Failed to create thread 1\n");        
    }

    WaitForMultipleObjects( THREAD_MAX, hth,true,10000);   

    for(int i = 0; i<THREAD_MAX; ++i)
        CloseHandle( hth[i] );
    
    printf("last: g_x is %d\n",g_x);

    printf("Primary thread terminating.\n");
}

在上面的代碼中使用了 //InterlockedExchangeAdd(reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x),1); 來實現g_x的線程安全的自增。  

2）使用LONG InterlockedExchange(PLONG plTarget,LONG lValue);實現循環鎖：

// Global variable indicating whether a shared resource is in use or not
BOOL g_fResourceInUse = FALSE;


void Func1() 
{
   //Wait to access the resource.
   while(InterlockedExchange(&g_fResourceInUse, TRUE) == TRUE)
      Sleep(0);

   //Access the resource.

   

   //We no longer need to access the resource.
   InterlockedExchange(&g_fResourceInUse, FALSE);
}
 
3）太多了，不舉了，以后用到了再放到這里把。

三 互鎖函數列表

一般的互鎖函數：
Interlocked function Description
InterlockedAdd Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedAdd64 Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedAddAcquire Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAddAcquire64 Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAddRelease Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAddRelease64 Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedAndAcquire Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAndRelease Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd8 Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified char values.
InterlockedAnd8Acquire Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd8Release Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd16 Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified SHORT values.
InterlockedAnd16Acquire Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd16Release Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd64 Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedAnd64Acquire Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd64Release Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedBitTestAndReset Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG value and sets it to 0.
InterlockedBitTestAndReset64 Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG64 value and sets it to 0.
InterlockedBitTestAndSet Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG value and sets it to 1.
InterlockedBitTestAndSet64 Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG64 value and sets it to 1.
InterlockedCompare64Exchange128 Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares the specified 64-bit values and exchanges with the specified 128-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompare64ExchangeAcquire128 Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares the specified 64-bit values and exchanges with the specified 128-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompare64ExchangeRelease128 Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares the specified 64-bit values and exchanges with the specified 128-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchange Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 32-bit values and exchanges with another 32-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompareExchange64 Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 64-bit values and exchanges with another 64-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompareExchangeAcquire Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 32-bit values and exchanges with another 32-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangeAcquire64 Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 64-bit values and exchanges with another 64-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The exchange is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangePointer Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified pointer values. The function compares two specified pointer values and exchanges with another pointer value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompareExchangePointerAcquire Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified pointer values. The function compares two specified pointer values and exchanges with another pointer value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangePointerRelease Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified pointer values. The function compares two specified pointer values and exchanges with another pointer value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangeRelease Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 32-bit values and exchanges with another 32-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The exchange is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangeRelease64 Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 64-bit values and exchanges with another 64-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The exchange is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrement Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedDecrement64 Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedDecrementAcquire Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrementAcquire64 Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrementRelease Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrementRelease64 Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchange Sets a 32-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation.
InterlockedExchange64 Sets a 64-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation.
InterlockedExchangeAcquire Sets a 32-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAcquire64 Sets a 32-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAdd Performs an atomic addition of two 32-bit values.
InterlockedExchangeAdd64 Performs an atomic addition of two 64-bit values.
InterlockedExchangeAddAcquire Performs an atomic addition of two 32-bit values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAddAcquire64 Performs an atomic addition of two 64-bit values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAddRelease Performs an atomic addition of two 32-bit values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAddRelease64 Performs an atomic addition of two 64-bit values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangePointer Atomically exchanges a pair of pointer values.
InterlockedExchangePointerAcquire Atomically exchanges a pair of pointer values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrement Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedIncrement64 Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedIncrementAcquire Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrementAcquire64 Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrementRelease Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using release memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrementRelease64 Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedOrAcquire Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOrRelease Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr8 Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified char values.
InterlockedOr8Acquire Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr8Release Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr16 Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified SHORT values.
InterlockedOr16Acquire Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr16Release Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr64 Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedOr64Acquire Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr64Release Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedXorAcquire Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXorRelease Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor8 Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified char values.
InterlockedXor8Acquire Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor8Release Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor16 Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified SHORT values.
InterlockedXor16Acquire Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor16Release Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor64 Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedXor64Acquire Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor64Release Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.

鏈表的互鎖函數：
Singly-linked list function Description
InitializeSListHead Initializes the head of a singly linked list.
InterlockedFlushSList Flushes the entire list of items in a singly linked list.
InterlockedPopEntrySList Removes an item from the front of a singly linked list.
InterlockedPushEntrySList Inserts an item at the front of a singly linked list.
QueryDepthSList Retrieves the number of entries in the specified singly linked list.
RtlFirstEntrySList Retrieves the first entry in a singly linked list.
RtlInitializeSListHead Initializes the head of a singly linked list. Applications should call InitializeSListHead instead.
RtlInterlockedFlushSList Flushes the entire list of items in a singly linked list. Applications should call InterlockedFlushSList instead.
RtlInterlockedPopEntrySList Removes an item from the front of a singly linked list. Applications should call InterlockedPopEntrySList instead.
RtlInterlockedPushEntrySList Inserts an item at the front of a singly linked list. Applications should call InterlockedPushEntrySList instead.
RtlQueryDepthSList Retrieves the number of entries in the specified singly linked list. Applications should call QueryDepthSList instead.

posted on 2007-07-26 22:29 夢在天涯 閱讀(6944) 評論(9)  編輯 收藏 引用 所屬分類: CPlusPlus

評論

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-07-27 09:30 若弱

第一個例子的結果在默認編譯模式下，用InterlockedAdd和++操作結果是完全一樣的，根本不會出現線程安全的問題  回復  更多評論   

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-07-27 14:17 dfl

++操作可能是atomic的

不過如果把print語句放到thread里面就能體現出帖子的要表達的意思了  回復  更多評論   

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-07-27 17:40 夢在天涯

結果一樣嗎，我使用的vs2005，結果是不一樣啊
，最少我敢說有時是不一樣的啊，但可能有寫時候可能正好相同，這個取決與系統不同的線程中斷，這個不由我們控制。

如果看不到結果，你可以把線程數在加大。

++并不是atomic的，是有2條語句的。  回復  更多評論   

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-09-26 16:37 GINA

reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x)
這個參數不太明白。。希望解釋下。謝謝 thank you  回復  更多評論   

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-09-26 17:06 夢在天涯

reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x)，是就取地址，然后轉化為指向long的指針。  回復  更多評論   

# re: C++多線程（四） 2008-01-21 21:07 小不點

這不就是原子操作嗎?好象只能用于操作單條語句,要是執行多條語句是不是就不能用了呢?  回復  更多評論   

# re: C++多線程（四） 2008-06-23 10:15 pgmsoul

reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x)
寫成(long*)&g_x就完了,說真的,我很BS標準C++的寫法,一看就讓人覺的高深莫測.  回復  更多評論   

# re: C++多線程（四） 2009-06-10 11:12 aniki

這個例子在我的機器上的執行結果有點怪，偶爾會出現小于THREAD_MAX的值，已經使用InterlockedExchangeAdd(reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x),1); 了，不只為什么  回復  更多評論   

# re: C++多線程（四） 2010-09-15 17:34 liziyun537

@aniki
我也是這種情況  回復  更多評論   

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