一 簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)內(nèi)存的分配和釋放跟蹤，并將結(jié)果輸出到console，它也是一般C++內(nèi)存泄露的檢測(cè)原理，來(lái)自C++編程思想：
（比較簡(jiǎn)單，大家都可以看的明白的哦）實(shí)現(xiàn)如下：
MemCheck.h
//: C02:MemCheck.h
#ifndef MEMCHECK_H
#define MEMCHECK_H
#include <cstddef> // for size_t
// Hijack the new operator (both scalar and array versions)
void* operator new(std::size_t, const char*, long);
void* operator new[](std::size_t, const char*, long);
#define new new (__FILE__, __LINE__)
extern bool traceFlag;
#define TRACE_ON() traceFlag = true
#define TRACE_OFF() traceFlag = false
extern bool activeFlag;
#define MEM_ON() activeFlag = true
#define MEM_OFF() activeFlag = false
#endif
/**////:~
MemCheck.cpp
//: C02:MemCheck.cpp {O}
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;
#undef new
// Global flags set by macros in MemCheck.h
bool traceFlag = true;
bool activeFlag = false;
namespace 
{
// Memory map entry type
struct Info {
void* ptr;
const char* file;
long line;
};
// Memory map data
const size_t MAXPTRS = 10000u;
Info memMap[MAXPTRS];
size_t nptrs = 0;
// Searches the map for an address
int findPtr(void* p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nptrs; ++i)
if (memMap[i].ptr == p)
return i;
return -1;
}
void delPtr(void* p)
{
int pos = findPtr(p);
assert(p >= 0);
// Remove pointer from map
for (size_t i = pos; i < nptrs-1; ++i)
memMap[i] = memMap[i+1];
--nptrs;
}
// Dummy type for static destructor
struct Sentinel
{
~Sentinel()
{
if (nptrs > 0)
{
printf("Leaked memory at:\n");
for (size_t i = 0; i < nptrs; ++i)
printf("\t%p (file: %s, line %ld)\n",
memMap[i].ptr, memMap[i].file, memMap[i].line);
}
else
printf("No user memory leaks!\n");
}
};
// Static dummy object
Sentinel s;
} // End anonymous namespace
// Overload scalar new
void* operator new(size_t siz, const char* file,
long line) {
void* p = malloc(siz);
if (activeFlag)
{
if (nptrs == MAXPTRS)
{
printf("memory map too small (increase MAXPTRS)\n");
exit(1);
}
memMap[nptrs].ptr = p;
memMap[nptrs].file = file;
memMap[nptrs].line = line;
++nptrs;
}
if (traceFlag)
{
printf("Allocated %u bytes at address %p ", siz, p);
printf("(file: %s, line: %ld)\n", file, line);
}
return p;
}
// Overload array new
void* operator new[](size_t siz, const char* file,
long line) {
return operator new(siz, file, line);
}
// Override scalar delete
void operator delete(void* p)
{
if (findPtr(p) >= 0)
{
free(p);
assert(nptrs > 0);
delPtr(p);
if (traceFlag)
printf("Deleted memory at address %p\n", p);
}
else if (!p && activeFlag)
printf("Attempt to delete unknown pointer: %p\n", p);
}
// Override array delete
void operator delete[](void* p) {
operator delete(p);
} /**////:~
二 說(shuō)明：
1）通過(guò)重載new和delete來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)
2）使用時(shí)需要在工程中加入MemCheck.h和MemCheck.cpp，在需要檢測(cè)的文件的前面include “MemCheck.h”，但是必須在所有的include的最后。
3）MEM_ON（），MEM_OFF（）用來(lái)打開或關(guān)閉檢測(cè)
4）TRACE_ON（），和TRACE_OFF（）用來(lái)打開或關(guān)閉檢測(cè)結(jié)果的輸出
5）可以檢測(cè)代碼中使用了流，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)容器，以及某個(gè)類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)分配了空間
三 使用實(shí)例：
console 的project中加入下面的file：
// MemoryLeak3.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include "MemCheck.h" // Must appear last!
using namespace std;
void Test()
{
int *i = new int(0);
}
class MyClass
{
private:
int *p;
public:
MyClass()
{
if(p != NULL)
{
p = new int(0);
}
}
~MyClass()
{
if(p != NULL)
{
delete p;
p = NULL;
}
}
};
void Test2()
{
int *i = NULL; // better for read
i = new int(0);
int *&y = i; // pointer's reference
delete i;
MyClass *pMyClass = new MyClass();
std::vector<MyClass*> myClasses;
myClasses.push_back(new MyClass());
myClasses.push_back(new MyClass());
std::vector<void*> myVector;
myVector.push_back(new MyClass());
myVector.push_back(new MyClass());
delete (MyClass *)(myVector.at(0));
delete myVector.at(1); // memory leak
}
class Foo
{
char* s;
public:
Foo(const char*s )
{
this->s = new char[strlen(s) + 1];
strcpy(this->s, s);
}
~Foo()
{
delete [] s;
}
};
void Test3()
{
cout << "hello\n";
int* p = new int;
delete p;
int* q = new int[3];
delete [] q;
int* r;
/**//*delete r;*/
vector<int> v;
v.push_back(1);
Foo s("goodbye");
}
int main()
{
TRACE_OFF();
MEM_ON();
Test();
Test2();
Test3();
MEM_OFF();
} /**////:~
四 測(cè)試結(jié)果如下：
