c++的多線程編程

由于現在的標準c++庫中沒有對多線程的支持，所以如果我們想使用多線程，就是使用其他的庫支持。

1）使用windows提供的多線程支持

  中文msdn中查找多線程編程，可以找到。
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/chs/default.asp?url=/library/CHS/vccore/html/_core_multithreading_with_c_and_win32.asp

2）使用MFC提供多線程支持

  中文msdn中查找多線程編程，可以找到。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/chs/default.asp?url=/library/CHS/vccore/html/_core_multithreading_with_c_and_win32.asp

3）使用boost提供的多線程

http://www.boost.org/doc/html/threads.html


4）多核程序設計技術——通過軟件多線程提升性能（intel出的書）

 

Asynchronous function	Description
APCProc	An application-defined callback function used with the QueueUserAPC function.
GetOverlappedResult	Retrieves the results of an overlapped operation.
QueueUserAPC	Adds a user-mode asynchronous procedure call (APC) object to the APC queue of the specified thread.

Condition variable and SRW lock function	Description
AcquireSRWLockExclusive	Acquires a slim reader/writer (SRW) lock in exclusive mode.
AcquireSRWLockShared	Acquires a slim reader/writer (SRW) lock in shared mode.
InitializeConditionVariable	Initializes a condition variable.
InitializeSRWLock	Initialize a slim reader/writer (SRW) lock.
ReleaseSRWLockExclusive	Releases a slim reader/writer (SRW) lock that was acquired in exclusive mode.
ReleaseSRWLockShared	Releases a slim reader/writer (SRW) lock that was acquired in shared mode.
SleepConditionVariableCS	Sleeps on the specified condition variable and releases the specified critical section as an atomic operation.
SleepConditionVariableSRW	Sleeps on the specified condition variable and releases the specified lock as an atomic operation.
WakeAllConditionVariable	Wake all threads waiting on the specified condition variable.
WakeConditionVariable	Wake a single thread waiting on the specified condition variable.

Critical-section function	Description
DeleteCriticalSection	Releases all resources used by an unowned critical section object.
EnterCriticalSection	Waits for ownership of the specified critical section object.
InitializeCriticalSection	Initializes a critical section object.
InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount	Initializes a critical section object and sets the spin count for the critical section.
InitializeCriticalSectionEx	Initializes a critical section object with a spin count and optional flags.
LeaveCriticalSection	Releases ownership of the specified critical section object.
SetCriticalSectionSpinCount	Sets the spin count for the specified critical section.
TryEnterCriticalSection	Attempts to enter a critical section without blocking.

Event function	Description
CreateEvent	Creates or opens a named or unnamed event object.
CreateEventEx	Creates or opens a named or unnamed event object and returns a handle to the object.
OpenEvent	Opens an existing named event object.
PulseEvent	Sets the specified event object to the signaled state and then resets it to the nonsignaled state after releasing the appropriate number of waiting threads.
ResetEvent	Sets the specified event object to the nonsignaled state.
SetEvent	Sets the specified event object to the signaled state.

One-time Initialization function	Description
InitOnceBeginInitialize	Begins one-time initialization.
InitOnceComplete	Completes one-time initialization.
InitOnceExecuteOnce	Executes the specified function successfully one time. No other threads that specify the same one-time initialization structure can execute this function while it is being executed by the current thread.
InitOnceInitialize	Initializes a one-time initialization structure.

Interlocked function	Description
InterlockedAdd	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedAdd64	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedAddAcquire	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAddAcquire64	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAddRelease	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAddRelease64	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedAndAcquire	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAndRelease	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd8	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified char values.
InterlockedAnd8Acquire	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd8Release	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd16	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified SHORT values.
InterlockedAnd16Acquire	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd16Release	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd64	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedAnd64Acquire	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd64Release	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedBitTestAndReset	Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG value and sets it to 0.
InterlockedBitTestAndReset64	Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG64 value and sets it to 0.
InterlockedBitTestAndSet	Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG value and sets it to 1.
InterlockedBitTestAndSet64	Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG64 value and sets it to 1.
InterlockedCompare64Exchange128	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares the specified 64-bit values and exchanges with the specified 128-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompare64ExchangeAcquire128	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares the specified 64-bit values and exchanges with the specified 128-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompare64ExchangeRelease128	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares the specified 64-bit values and exchanges with the specified 128-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchange	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 32-bit values and exchanges with another 32-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompareExchange64	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 64-bit values and exchanges with another 64-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompareExchangeAcquire	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 32-bit values and exchanges with another 32-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangeAcquire64	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 64-bit values and exchanges with another 64-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The exchange is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangePointer	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified pointer values. The function compares two specified pointer values and exchanges with another pointer value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompareExchangePointerAcquire	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified pointer values. The function compares two specified pointer values and exchanges with another pointer value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangePointerRelease	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified pointer values. The function compares two specified pointer values and exchanges with another pointer value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangeRelease	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 32-bit values and exchanges with another 32-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The exchange is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangeRelease64	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 64-bit values and exchanges with another 64-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The exchange is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrement	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedDecrement64	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedDecrementAcquire	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrementAcquire64	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrementRelease	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrementRelease64	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchange	Sets a 32-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation.
InterlockedExchange64	Sets a 64-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation.
InterlockedExchangeAcquire	Sets a 32-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAcquire64	Sets a 32-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAdd	Performs an atomic addition of two 32-bit values.
InterlockedExchangeAdd64	Performs an atomic addition of two 64-bit values.
InterlockedExchangeAddAcquire	Performs an atomic addition of two 32-bit values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAddAcquire64	Performs an atomic addition of two 64-bit values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAddRelease	Performs an atomic addition of two 32-bit values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAddRelease64	Performs an atomic addition of two 64-bit values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangePointer	Atomically exchanges a pair of pointer values.
InterlockedExchangePointerAcquire	Atomically exchanges a pair of pointer values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrement	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedIncrement64	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedIncrementAcquire	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrementAcquire64	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrementRelease	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using release memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrementRelease64	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedOrAcquire	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOrRelease	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr8	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified char values.
InterlockedOr8Acquire	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr8Release	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr16	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified SHORT values.
InterlockedOr16Acquire	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr16Release	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr64	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedOr64Acquire	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr64Release	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedXorAcquire	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXorRelease	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor8	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified char values.
InterlockedXor8Acquire	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor8Release	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor16	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified SHORT values.
InterlockedXor16Acquire	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor16Release	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor64	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedXor64Acquire	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor64Release	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.

Mutex function	Description
CreateMutex	Creates or opens a named or unnamed mutex object.
CreateMutexEx	Creates or opens a named or unnamed mutex object and returns a handle to the object.
OpenMutex	Opens an existing named mutex object.
ReleaseMutex	Releases ownership of the specified mutex object.

Namespace function	Description
AddSIDToBoundaryDescriptor	Adds a new security identifier (SID) to the specified boundary descriptor.
ClosePrivateNamespace	Closes an open namespace handle.
CreateBoundaryDescriptor	Creates a boundary descriptor.
CreatePrivateNamespace	Creates a private namespace.
DeleteBoundaryDescriptor	Deletes the specified boundary descriptor.
OpenPrivateNamespace	Opens a private namespace.

Semaphore function	Description
CreateSemaphore	Creates or opens a named or unnamed semaphore object.
CreateSemaphoreEx	Creates or opens a named or unnamed semaphore object and returns a handle to the object.
OpenSemaphore	Opens an existing named semaphore object.
ReleaseSemaphore	Increases the count of the specified semaphore object by a specified amount.

Singly-linked list function	Description
InitializeSListHead	Initializes the head of a singly linked list.
InterlockedFlushSList	Flushes the entire list of items in a singly linked list.
InterlockedPopEntrySList	Removes an item from the front of a singly linked list.
InterlockedPushEntrySList	Inserts an item at the front of a singly linked list.
QueryDepthSList	Retrieves the number of entries in the specified singly linked list.
RtlFirstEntrySList	Retrieves the first entry in a singly linked list.
RtlInitializeSListHead	Initializes the head of a singly linked list. Applications should call InitializeSListHead instead.
RtlInterlockedFlushSList	Flushes the entire list of items in a singly linked list. Applications should call InterlockedFlushSList instead.
RtlInterlockedPopEntrySList	Removes an item from the front of a singly linked list. Applications should call InterlockedPopEntrySList instead.
RtlInterlockedPushEntrySList	Inserts an item at the front of a singly linked list. Applications should call InterlockedPushEntrySList instead.
RtlQueryDepthSList	Retrieves the number of entries in the specified singly linked list. Applications should call QueryDepthSList instead.

Timer-queue timer function	Description
ChangeTimerQueueTimer	Updates a timer-queue timer.
CreateTimerQueue	Creates a queue for timers.
CreateTimerQueueTimer	Creates a timer-queue timer.
DeleteTimerQueue	Deletes a timer queue.
DeleteTimerQueueEx	Deletes a timer queue.
DeleteTimerQueueTimer	Cancels a timer-queue timer.

Wait function	Description
MsgWaitForMultipleObjects	Waits until one or all of the specified objects are in the signaled state or the time-out interval elapses. The objects can include input event objects.
MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx	Waits until one or all of the specified objects are in the signaled state, an I/O completion routine or asynchronous procedure call (APC) is queued to the thread, or the time-out interval elapses. The array of objects can include input event objects.
RegisterWaitForSingleObject	Directs a wait thread in the thread pool to wait on the object.
SignalObjectAndWait	Atomically signals one object and waits on another object.
UnregisterWait	Cancels a registered wait operation.
UnregisterWaitEx	Cancels a registered wait operation.
WaitForMultipleObjects	Waits until one or all of the specified objects are in the signaled state or the time-out interval elapses.
WaitForMultipleObjectsEx	Waits until one or all of the specified objects are in the signaled state, an I/O completion routine or asynchronous procedure call (APC) is queued to the thread, or the time-out interval elapses.
WaitForSingleObject	Waits until the specified object is in the signaled state or the time-out interval elapses.
WaitForSingleObjectEx	Waits until the specified object is in the signaled state, an I/O completion routine or asynchronous procedure call (APC) is queued to the thread, or the time-out interval elapses.
WaitOrTimerCallback	An application-defined function that serves as the starting address for a timer callback or a registered wait callback.

Waitable-timer function	Description
CancelWaitableTimer	Sets the specified waitable timer to the inactive state.
CreateWaitableTimer	Creates or opens a waitable timer object.
CreateWaitableTimerEx	Creates or opens a waitable timer object and returns a handle to the object.
OpenWaitableTimer	Opens an existing named waitable timer object.
SetWaitableTimer	Activates the specified waitable timer.
TimerAPCProc	Application-defined timer completion routine used with the SetWaitableTimer function.