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// ?INCLUDES? ////////////////////////////////////////////// /

#define ?WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN?? // ?just?say?no?to?MFC

#include? < windows.h > ??? // ?include?all?the?windows?headers

#include? < windowsx.h > ?? // ?include?useful?macros

#include? < stdio.h > ?????

#include? < math.h >

// ?DEFINES? ////////////////////////////////////////////////

// ?defines?for?windows?

#define ?WINDOW_CLASS_NAME?"WINCLASS1"

// ?GLOBALS? ////////////////////////////////////////////////

// ?FUNCTIONS? //////////////////////////////////////////////

LRESULT?CALLBACK?WindowProc(HWND?hwnd,?

????????????????????????????UINT?msg,?

????????????????????????????WPARAM?wparam,?

????????????????????????????LPARAM?lparam)

{

???? // ?this?is?the?main?message?handler?of?the?system

????PAINTSTRUCT????????ps;???????? // ?used?in?WM_PAINT

????HDC????????????????hdc;???? // ?handle?to?a?device?context

???? // ?what?is?the?message?

???? switch (msg)

???? {????

???? case ?WM_CREATE:?

???????? {

???????????? // ?do?initialization?stuff?here

???????????? // ?return?success

???????????? return ( 0 );

????????} ? break ;

???? case ?WM_PAINT:?

???????? {

???????????? // ?simply?validate?the?window

????????????hdc? = ?BeginPaint(hwnd, & ps);?????

???????????? // ?you?would?do?all?your?painting?here

????????????EndPaint(hwnd, & ps);

???????????? // ?return?success

???????????? return ( 0 );

????????} ? break ;

???? case ?WM_DESTROY:?

???????? {

???????????? // ?kill?the?application,?this?sends?a?WM_QUIT?message?

????????????PostQuitMessage( 0 );

???????????? // ?return?success

???????????? return ( 0 );

????????} ? break ;

???? default : break ;

????} ? // ?end?switch

???? // ?process?any?messages?that?we?didn't?take?care?of?

???? return ?(DefWindowProc(hwnd,?msg,?wparam,?lparam));

} ? // ?end?WinProc

// ?WINMAIN? ////////////////////////////////////////////////

int ?WINAPI?WinMain(????HINSTANCE?hinstance,

???????????????????HINSTANCE?hprevinstance,

???????????????????LPSTR?lpcmdline,

??????????????????? int ?ncmdshow)

{

????WNDCLASSEX?winclass;? // ?this?will?hold?the?class?we?create

????HWND???????hwnd;????? // ?generic?window?handle

????MSG???????????msg;????????? // ?generic?message

???? // ?first?fill?in?the?window?class?stucture

????winclass.cbSize????????? = ? sizeof (WNDCLASSEX);

????winclass.style???????????? = ?CS_DBLCLKS? | ?CS_OWNDC? | ?

????????CS_HREDRAW? | ?CS_VREDRAW;

????winclass.lpfnWndProc???? = ?WindowProc;

????winclass.cbClsExtra???????? = ? 0 ;

????winclass.cbWndExtra???????? = ? 0 ;

????winclass.hInstance???????? = ?hinstance;

????winclass.hIcon???????????? = ?LoadIcon(NULL,?IDI_APPLICATION);

????winclass.hCursor???????? = ?LoadCursor(NULL,?IDC_ARROW);

????winclass.hbrBackground???? = ?(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);

????winclass.lpszMenuName???? = ?NULL;

????winclass.lpszClassName???? = ?WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;

????winclass.hIconSm???????? = ?LoadIcon(NULL,?IDI_APPLICATION);

???? // ?register?the?window?class

???? if ?( ! RegisterClassEx( & winclass))

???????? return ( 0 );

???? // ?create?the?window

???? if ?( ! (hwnd? = ?CreateWindowEx(NULL,?????????????????? // ?extended?style

????????WINDOW_CLASS_NAME,????? // ?class

???????? " Your?Basic?Window++ " ,? // ?title

????????WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW? | ?WS_VISIBLE,

???????? 0 , 0 ,???????? // ?initial?x,y

???????? 400 , 400 ,?? // ?initial?width,?height

????????NULL,???????? // ?handle?to?parent?

????????NULL,???????? // ?handle?to?menu

????????hinstance, // ?instance?of?this?application

????????NULL)))???? // ?extra?creation?parms

???????? return ( 0 );

???? // ?enter?main?event?loop,?but?this?time?we?use?PeekMessage()

???? // ?instead?of?GetMessage()?to?retrieve?messages

???? while (TRUE)

???? {

???????? // ?test?if?there?is?a?message?in?queue,?if?so?get?it

???????? if ?(PeekMessage( & msg,NULL, 0 , 0 ,PM_REMOVE))

???????? {?

???????????? // ?test?if?this?is?a?quit

???????????? if ?(msg.message? == ?WM_QUIT)

???????????????? break ;

???????????? // ?translate?any?accelerator?keys

????????????TranslateMessage( & msg);

???????????? // ?send?the?message?to?the?window?proc

????????????DispatchMessage( & msg);

????????} ? // ?end?if

???????? // ?main?game?processing?goes?here

???????? // ?Game_Main();? // ?or?whatever?your?loop?is?called

????} ? // ?end?while

???? // ?return?to?Windows?like?this

???? return (msg.wParam);

} ? // ?end?WinMain

一? include頭文件和宏定義

#define?WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN??//?不使用mfc

#include?<windows.h>???//?包含所有的windows頭文件,

#include?<windowsx.h>??//包含有用的宏定義
二 winmain()函數
int?WINAPI?WinMain(????HINSTANCE?hinstance,

???????????????????HINSTANCE?hprevinstance,

???????????????????LPSTR?lpcmdline,

???????????????????int?ncmdshow);
函數原型如上,其中hinstance是windows為應用程序生成的句柄,hprevinstance參數現在一般不用,用來向以前的兼容,lpcmdline就相當于dos程序的命令行參數,ncmdshow枚舉類型指出如何打開主應用程序窗口,比如最大化,最小化,最前端等
WINAPI 不能少,相當于以前的pascal 關鍵字
三 WNDCLASSEX 結構
????? WNDCLASSEX?winclass;?//?this?will?hold?the?class?we?create

????

????//?first?fill?in?the?window?class?stucture

????winclass.cbSize?????????=?sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);???????????????????? //指她本身的大小

????winclass.style????????????=?CS_DBLCLKS?|?CS_OWNDC?|??????? //窗口樣式,一般選這4個

????????CS_HREDRAW?|?CS_VREDRAW;

????winclass.lpfnWndProc????=?WindowProc;???????????????????????????????? //要回調的函數指針

????winclass.cbClsExtra????????=?0;???????????????????????????????????????????????????//額外的類信息空間,現在一般不用

????winclass.cbWndExtra????????=?0;????????????????????????????????????????????????//額外的窗口信息空間,現在一般不用

????winclass.hInstance????????=?hinstance;??????????????????????????????????????????//窗口的實例句柄,從winmain()傳來

????winclass.hIcon????????????=?LoadIcon(NULL,?IDI_APPLICATION); //圖標

????winclass.hCursor????????=?LoadCursor(NULL,?IDC_ARROW);?????? //鼠標

????winclass.hbrBackground????=?(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); //背景刷,用于刷新窗口的畫刷句柄,可以用GetStockObject()

????winclass.lpszMenuName????=?NULL;?????????????????????? //菜單,要加入到窗口中的菜單名稱

????winclass.lpszClassName????=?WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;?? //要創建的窗口類的類名

????winclass.hIconSm????????=?LoadIcon(NULL,?IDI_APPLICATION); //圖標,顯示在標題蘭和狀態蘭

四注冊windows類
RegisterClassEx(&winclass); 傳入指向類的指針
五創建窗口
CreateWindowEx(NULL,??????????????????//?extended?style?????? 擴張的窗口樣式,高級,一般不用

????????WINDOW_CLASS_NAME,?????//?class??????? 創建窗口需要的類指針

????????"Your?Basic?Window++",?//?title??????????? 標題蘭的文本

????????WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW?|?WS_VISIBLE,???????? //窗口樣式

????????0,0,????????//?initial?x,y?? 窗口的左上角,象素表示

????????400,400,??//?initial?width,?height 寬高,象素表示

????????NULL,????????//?handle?to?parent? 父窗口句柄

????????NULL,????????//?handle?to?menu??????? 菜單句柄或子窗口標示

????????hinstance,//?instance?of?this?application? winmain(0中的instance

????????NULL))???//?extra?creation?parms? 高級參數,一般不用
六顯示窗口且刷新一下
ShowWindow()//可以控制不顯示,或在狀態蘭也不顯示
UpdateWindow() //刷新窗口,就是生成一個WM_PAINT消息
七主消息循環
LRESULT?CALLBACK?WindowProc(HWND?hwnd,? //窗口句柄

????????????????????????????UINT?msg,?????????????????? //消息id

????????????????????????????WPARAM?wparam,??? //用于進一步確定msg指定的消息

????????????????????????????LPARAM?lparam)????? //用于進一步確定msg指定的消息
LRESULT?CALLBACK 不能少,以下是簡單的幾種消息:
WM_CREATE: //可以此時執行各種初始化
WM_PAINT:??? ?hdc? =?BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);?????//確認窗口是否有效

?????????????????????? //?you?would?do?all?your?painting?here? //繪制工作

???????????? ???????? EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);??????????????????????? //結束繪制

WM_KEYDOWN:? //處理鍵盤按下
WM_DESTROY:???? //將要關閉應用程序,發出WM_QUIT消息
WM_QUIT:??????????? //推出程序
注意函數DefWindowProc(),是處理其他的消息,除了WindowProc()已經處理的其他消息.

GetMessage(LPMSG,?????? //消息結構的地址
??????????????????? hWnd,??????????????? //窗口的句柄
?????????????????????uint,????????????????? //first message
?????????????????????? uint)?????????????????? //last messge
她從事件隊列獲得下一個消息,然后調用TranslateMessage()函數,進行消息的轉換和處理,然后通過DispatchMessage()來調用winproc()函數.

PeekMessage( &msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))中參數:消息結構的指針,窗口的句柄,第一條消息,最后一條消息,刪除標記 ,其中參數刪除標記是GetMessage()中沒有的,該標記有2個值,PM_NOREMOVE和PM_REMOVE,前一個經過peekmessage()后不將其從消息隊列中刪除,后一個表示經過peekmessage()后從消息隊列中刪除.

posted on 2006-09-08 15:18 夢在天涯閱讀(418) 評論(0) 編輯收藏引用

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