I've been implementing numerical libraries in .NET and have come to some conclusions about iteration performance. My classes have to hold a large amount of data and be able to iterate through that data as quickly as possible. In order to compare various methods, I created a simple class called Data that encapsulates an array of doubles.
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Method #1: Enumeration
Data implements IEnumerable. It contains GetEnumerator which returns its own DataEnumerator, an inner class.
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
????{
???? returnnew DataEnumerator(this);
????}
????
????internalclass DataEnumerator : IEnumerator
????{
???? private Data internal_=null;
???? privateintindex=-1;
???? public DataEnumerator( Data data)
???? {
????????internal_=data;
???? }
???? publicobject Current
???? {
????????get
????????{
???????? returninternal_.Array[index];
????????}
???? }
???? publicbool MoveNext()
???? {
????????index++;
????????if(index >=internal_.Array.Length )
????????{
???????? returnfalse;
????????}
????????returntrue;
???? }
???? publicvoid Reset()
???? {
????????index=-1;
???? }
????}
Method #2: Indexing
I implemented an index operator on the class which simply calls the index operator on the array.
????publicdoublethis[intposition]
????{
???? get
???? {
????????returnarray_[position];
???? }
????}
Method #3: Indirect Array
I created a property to access the array.
????publicdouble[] Array
????{
???? get
???? {
????????returnarray_;
???? }
????}
When iterating, I called the Array property and then its index operator.
d = data.Array[j];
Method #3: Direct Array
I created a reference to the array.
double[] array = data.Array;
Then, I iterate through that reference.
d = array[j];
Method #4: Pointer Math
Finally, I tried improving performance by iterating through the array in Managed C++ using pointer manipulation.
????????staticvoiditerate( Data&data)
????????{
???????? double d;
???????? double__pin*ptr=&(data.Array[0]);
???????? for(int i =0; i < data.Array.Length; i++)
???????? {
????????????d =*ptr;
????????????++ptr;
???????? }
????????}
I called it this way:
Pointer.iterate( data );
Conclusions
To test the different methods, I allocated 1,000,000 doubles into an array and indexed over all of them. I repeated this 1,000 times to minimize randomness. Here are the results...
Enumeration is always slow. That's not surprising as I'm using a general data structure to hold the doubles. Each access performs a cast. The three operator/property methods differed very slightly. These are probably all optimized similarly. Using pointer math to traverse over the raw data was significantly faster. This is probably due to the fact that there's no bounds checking. In summary, if you have large amounts of data and performance is critical, consider using managed C++.
超級collection類:
using?System;
using?System.Collections;
namespace?Iterations
{
??public?class?Data?:?IEnumerable
??{
????private?double[]?array_;
????public?Data(int?size)?
????{
??????array_?=?new?double[size];
??????Random?random?=?new?Random();
??????for?(?int?i?=?0;?i?<?size;?i++?)
??????{
????????array_[i]?=?random.Next();
??????}
????}
????public?double?this[int?position]
????{
??????get
??????{
????????return?array_[position];
??????}
????}
????public?double[]?Array
????{
??????get?
??????{
????????return?array_;
??????}
????}
????public?IEnumerator?GetEnumerator()?
????{
??????return?new?DataEnumerator(?this?);
????}
????
????internal?class?DataEnumerator?:?IEnumerator
????{
??????private?Data?internal_?=?null;
??????private?int?index?=?-1;
??????public?DataEnumerator(?Data?data?)?
??????{
????????internal_?=?data;
??????}
??????public?object?Current
??????{
????????get
????????{
??????????return?internal_.Array[index];
????????}
??????}
??????public?bool?MoveNext()
??????{
????????index++;
????????if?(?index?>=?internal_.Array.Length?)?
????????{
??????????return?false;
????????}
????????return?true;
??????}
??????public?void?Reset()
??????{
????????index?=?-1;
??????}
????}
??}
}test code:
using?System;
using?System.Collections;
using?Iterations;
namespace?Test
{
??class?Test
??{
????private?double?d;
????private?int?reps;
????private?int?size;
????private?double?seconds;
????private?Data?data?=?null;
????private?DateTime?before;
????private?TimeSpan?total;
????[STAThread]
????static?void?Main(string[]?args)
????{
??????Test?test;
??????if?(?args.Length?>?1?)?
??????{
????????test?=?new?Test(?int.Parse(?args[0]?),?int.Parse(?args[1]?));
??????}?
??????else?
??????{
????????test?=?new?Test();
??????}
??????test.TestAll();
????}
????public?Test()?:?this(?1000,?1000000?)
????{
????}
????public?Test(?int?reps,?int?size?)
????{
??????this.reps?=?reps;
??????this.size?=?size;
??????data?=?new?Data(?size?);
????}
????private?void?TestAll()
????{
??????System.Console.WriteLine();
??????System.Console.WriteLine(?"repetitions:?"?+?reps?);
??????System.Console.WriteLine(?"iterations:?"?+?size.ToString(?"e"?));
??????System.Console.WriteLine();
??????TestEnumeration();
??????TestIndexing();
??????TestIndirectArrays();
??????TestDirectArrays();
??????TestPointerMath();
??????System.Console.WriteLine();
????}
????private?void?TestEnumeration()?
????{
??????total?=?new?TimeSpan(?0?);
??????for?(?int?i?=?0;?i?<?reps;?i++?)?
??????{
????????before?=?DateTime.Now;
????????IEnumerator?enumerator?=?data.GetEnumerator();
????????while?(?enumerator.MoveNext()?)?
????????{
??????????d?=?(double)?enumerator.Current;
????????}
????????total?+=?DateTime.Now?-?before;
??????}
??????seconds?=?total.Seconds?+?(?total.Milliseconds?/?1000.0?);
??????System.Console.WriteLine(?"Enumeration:?\t\t"?+?seconds?+?"?seconds"?);
????}
????private?void?TestIndexing()
????{
??????total?=?new?TimeSpan(?0?);
??????for?(?int?i?=?0;?i?<?reps;?i++?)?
??????{
????????before?=?DateTime.Now;
????????for?(?int?j?=?0;?j?<?size;?j++?)
????????{
??????????d?=?data[j];
????????}
????????total?+=?DateTime.Now?-?before;
??????}
??????seconds?=?total.Seconds?+?(?total.Milliseconds?/?1000.0?);
??????System.Console.WriteLine(?"Indexing:?\t\t"?+?seconds?+?"?seconds"?);??????
????}
????private?void?TestIndirectArrays()
????{
??????total?=?new?TimeSpan(?0?);
??????for?(?int?i?=?0;?i?<?reps;?i++?)?
??????{
????????before?=?DateTime.Now;
????????for?(?int?j?=?0;?j?<?size;?j++?)
????????{
??????????d?=?data.Array[j];
????????}
????????total?+=?DateTime.Now?-?before;
??????}
??????seconds?=?total.Seconds?+?(?total.Milliseconds?/?1000.0?);
??????System.Console.WriteLine(?"Indirect?Arrays:?\t"?+?seconds?+?"?seconds"?);?
????}
????private?void?TestDirectArrays()
????{
??????total?=?new?TimeSpan(?0?);
??????for?(?int?i?=?0;?i?<?reps;?i++?)?
??????{
????????before?=?DateTime.Now;
????????double[]?array?=?data.Array;
????????for?(?int?j?=?0;?j?<?size;?j++?)
????????{
??????????d?=?array[j];
????????}
????????total?+=?DateTime.Now?-?before;
??????}
??????seconds?=?total.Seconds?+?(?total.Milliseconds?/?1000.0?);
??????System.Console.WriteLine(?"Direct?Arrays:?\t\t"?+?seconds?+?"?seconds"?);
????}
????private?void?TestPointerMath()
????{
??????total?=?new?TimeSpan(?0?);
??????for?(?int?i?=?0;?i?<?reps;?i++?)?
??????{
????????before?=?DateTime.Now;
????????Pointer.iterate(?data?);
????????total?+=?DateTime.Now?-?before;
??????}
??????seconds?=?total.Seconds?+?(?total.Milliseconds?/?1000.0?);
??????System.Console.WriteLine(?"Pointer?Math:?\t\t"?+?seconds?+?"?seconds"?);
????}
????}
}