鍥炵幆璁懼錛?'loopback device'錛夊厑璁哥敤鎴蜂互涓涓櫘閫氱鐩樻枃浠惰櫄鎷熶竴涓潡璁懼銆傝鎯充竴涓鐩樿澶囷紝瀵瑰畠鐨勬墍鏈夎鍐欐搷浣滈兘灝嗚閲嶅畾鍚戝埌璇誨啓涓涓悕涓?disk-image 鐨勬櫘閫氭枃浠惰岄潪鎿嶄綔瀹為檯紓佺洏鎴栧垎鍖虹殑杞ㄩ亾鍜屾墖鍖恒傦紙褰撶劧錛宒isk-image 蹇呴』瀛樺湪浜庝竴涓疄闄呯殑紓佺洏?shù)笂锛岃岃繖涓鐩樺繀欏繪瘮铏氭嫙鐨勭鐩樺閲忔洿澶с傦級(jí)鍥炵幆璁懼鍏佽浣犺繖鏍蜂嬌鐢ㄤ竴涓櫘閫氭枃浠躲?/span>
鍥炵幆璁懼浠?/dev/loop0銆?dev/loop1 絳夊懡鍚嶃傛瘡涓澶囧彲铏氭嫙涓涓潡璁懼銆傛敞鎰忓彧鏈夎秴綰х敤鎴鋒墠鏈夋潈闄愯緗洖鐜澶囥?/span>
鍥炵幆璁懼鐨勪嬌鐢ㄤ笌鍏跺畠浠諱綍鍧楄澶囩浉鍚屻傜壒鍒槸錛屼綘鍙互鍦ㄨ繖涓澶囦笂鍒涘緩鏂囦歡緋葷粺騫跺儚鏅氱殑紓佺洏?shù)竴鏍峰皢瀹冩寕杞藉湪緋葷粺涓傝繖鏍風(fēng)殑涓涓皢鍏ㄩ儴鍐呭淇濆瓨鍦ㄤ竴涓櫘閫氭枃浠朵腑鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇燂紝琚О涓鴻櫄鎷熸枃浠剁郴緇燂紙virtual file system錛夛紙璇戣呮敞錛氳繖涓敤娉曞茍涓嶅父瑙併俈FS 閫氬父鍙︽湁鎵鎸囷紝濡傛寚浠?Linux 鍐呮牳涓湁鍏蟲(chóng)枃浠剁郴緇熸娊璞＄殑浠ｇ爜灞傛絳夛級(jí)銆?/span>
鍙互閫氳繃涓嬪垪姝ラ鍒涘緩涓涓櫄鎷熸枃浠剁郴緇熷茍閫氳繃鍥炵幆璁懼鎸傝澆錛?/span>
鍒涘緩涓涓敤浜庢壙杞借櫄鎷熸枃浠剁郴緇熺殑絀烘枃浠躲傝繖涓枃浠剁殑澶у皬灝嗘垚涓烘寕杞藉悗鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勫ぇ灝忋?/span>
鍒涘緩鎸囧畾澶у皬鏂囦歡鐨勭畝鍗曟柟娉曟槸閫氳繃 dd 鍛戒護(hù)銆傝繖涓懡浠や互鍧椾負(fù)鍗曚綅錛堥氬父涓?512 瀛楄妭錛変粠涓涓枃浠跺悜鍙︿竴涓枃浠跺鍒舵暟鎹?dev/zero 鏂囦歡鍒欐槸涓涓緢濂界殑鏁版嵁鏉ユ簮銆?/span>
瑕佸緩绔嬩竴涓?10 MB 澶х殑鍚嶄負(fù) disk-image 鐨勬枃浠跺彲浠ラ氳繃浠ヤ笅鍛戒護(hù)錛?/span>
% dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/disk-image count=20480
20480+0 records in
20480+0 records out
% ls -l /tmp/disk-image
-rw-rw---- 1 root root 10485760 Mar 8 01:56 /tmp/disk-image
榪欎釜鏂板緩绔嬬殑鏂囦歡琚～婊′簡(jiǎn) 0 瀛楄妭銆傚湪鎸傝澆涔嬪墠錛屽繀欏誨湪鍏朵笂寤虹珛涓涓枃浠剁郴緇熴傝繖涓繃紼嬩細(xì)寤虹珛璁稿鐢ㄤ簬緇勭粐鍜屽瓨鍌ㄦ枃浠剁殑鎺у埗鍗曞厓騫舵瀯閫犳牴鐩綍緇撴瀯銆?/span>
鍦ㄨ繖涓鐩樻槧鍍忎箣涓婂彲浠ユ瀯寤轟換浣曠被鍨嬬殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆備互鍒涘緩 ext2 鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓轟緥錛坋xt2 鏄?Linux 緋葷粺涓渶甯歌鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇燂級(jí)錛岀敤 mke2fs 鍙互瀹屾垚榪欎釜鎿嶄綔銆傚洜涓鴻繖涓懡浠ら氬父鏄拡瀵瑰潡璁懼榪涜鎿嶄綔錛屽綋瀵逛竴涓櫘閫氭枃浠舵搷浣滄椂瀹冧細(xì)瑕佹眰紜錛?/span>
% mke2fs -q /tmp/disk-image
mke2fs 1.18, 11-Nov-1999 for EXT2 FS 0.5b, 95/08/09
disk-image is not a block special device.
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
榪欓噷 -q 鍙傛暟鐢ㄤ簬鐪佺暐杈撳嚭鏈夊叧鏂板緩绔嬫枃浠剁郴緇熺殑姒傝淇℃伅銆傚鏋滀綘鎯崇湅鍒拌繖浜涗俊鎭紝鍒欒鐪佺暐榪欎釜鍙傛暟銆?/span>
鐜板湪 disk-image 鏂囦歡鍖呭惈浜?jiǎn)涓涓柊寤虹珛鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇燂紝姝ｅ涓涓鍒氬垰鍒濆鍖栧畬姣曠殑 10 MB 澶у皬鐨勭鐩樸?/span>
浠ヤ竴涓幆鍥炶澶囨寕杞借繖涓枃浠剁郴緇熴傛柟娉曟槸浣跨敤 mount 鍛戒護(hù)錛屾寚瀹氱鐩樻枃浠朵負(fù)琚寕杞界殑璁懼銆傚悓鏃舵寚瀹?loop=loopback-device 浣滀負(fù) -o 閫夐」鐨勫弬鏁幫紝鍛婅瘔 mount 鍛戒護(hù)浣跨敤鍝釜鍥炵幆璁懼銆?/span>
涓嬮潰渚嬪瓙涓殑鍛戒護(hù)鍙敤浜庢寕杞芥垜浠殑 disk-image 鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆傝璁頒綇鐨勬槸鍙湁瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛鍙互浣跨敤鐜洖璁懼銆傜涓涓懡浠ゅ皢鍒涘緩涓涓洰褰?/tmp/virtual-fs錛岃繖涓洰褰曞皢琚敤浜庢寕杞芥垜浠殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆?/span>
% mkdir /tmp/virtual-fs
% mount -o loopback=/dev/loop0 /tmp/disk-image /tmp/virtual-fs
榪欐椂錛岃繖涓澶囧簲璇ュ凡緇忚鎸傝澆錛屽氨濡傚悓涓涓櫘閫氱殑 10M 絀洪棿鐨勭鐩樹(shù)竴鏍楓?/span>
% df -h /tmp/virtual-fs
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/tmp/disk-image 9.7M 13k 9.2M 0% /tmp/virtual-fs
浣犲彲浠ュ悜浠諱綍鍏跺畠紓佺洏?shù)竴鏍蜂嬌鐢ㄨ繖涓澶囷細(xì)
% cd /tmp/virtual-fs
% echo 'Hello, world!' > test.txt
% ls -l
total 19
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Mar 8 02:00 lost+found
-rw-rw---- 1 root root 14 Mar 8 02:12 test.txt
% cat test.txt
Hello, world!
璇鋒敞鎰?lost+found 鏄竴涓敱 mke2fs 鑷姩寤虹珛鐨勬枃浠跺す涓鏃︽枃浠剁郴緇熻鐮村潖錛岄儴鍒嗘暟鎹鍥炲浣嗘病鏈変笌浠諱綍鏂囦歡鍏寵仈璧鋒潵錛屽皢琚斁緗湪榪欎釜鏂囦歡澶逛腑銆傘?/span>
緇撴潫浣跨敤鍚庯紝鍗歌澆榪欎釜鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛?/span>
% cd /tmp
% umount /tmp/virtual-fs
浣犲彲浠ュ垹闄?disk-image錛屾垨鑰呬箣鍚庡啀嬈℃寕杞藉茍浣跨敤鍏朵腑鐨勬枃浠躲備綘鐢氳嚦鍙互灝嗚繖涓枃浠跺鍒跺埌榪滅▼涓繪満騫跺湪閭ｉ噷鎸傝澆銆佷嬌鐢?#8212;—鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勫唴瀹瑰畬鍏ㄤ笉浼?xì)鍙楀埌濯?jiǎng)鍝嶃?/span>
闄や簡(jiǎn)浠庢柊鍒涘緩涓涓枃浠剁郴緇燂紝榪樺彲浠ヤ粠涓涓幇鏈夌殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺澶嶅埗鑰屽緱鍒頒竴浠芥槧鍍忋備緥濡傦紝鍙互閫氳繃鏅氱殑澶嶅埗鎿嶄綔涓轟竴涓?CD-ROM 鍒涘緩涓浠芥槧鍍忋?/span>
濡傛灉緋葷粺涓湁涓涓?IDE 鎺ュ彛鐨?CD-ROM 椹卞姩鍣紝浣跨敤鍓嶉潰璇磋繃鐨勮澶囧悕濡?/dev/hda銆傚鏋?CD-ROM 鏄?SCSI 鎺ュ彛鐨勮瘽錛岃澶囨枃浠跺悕鍙兘鏄?/dev/scd0 涔嬬被銆傜郴緇熶腑涔熷彲鑳藉寘鍚竴涓鍙烽摼鎺?/dev/cdrom 鎸囧悜瀹為檯鐨勫厜椹便傝鍙傝?/etc/fstab 錛堣瘧鑰呮敞錛?鎵嬪唽錛夋煡鐪嬬郴緇熷疄闄呬嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍏夐┍瀵瑰簲鐨勮澶囥?/span>
鎺ヤ笅鏉ヨ鍋氱殑浠呬粎鏄皢榪欎釜璁懼澶嶅埗涓轟竴涓枃浠?#8212;—寰楀埌鐨勬枃浠跺皢鏄瀛樺湪紜洏?shù)笂鐨勩佽繖涓?CD-ROM 鍐呭鐨勫畬鏁存槧鍍忋備緥濡傦細(xì)
% cp /dev/cdrom /tmp/cdrom-image
鍙栧喅浜庤澶囩殑閫熷害鍜?CD-ROM 鐨勫閲忥紝榪欎釜鎿嶄綔鍙兘闇瑕佸嚑鍒嗛挓鐨勬椂闂淬傛渶緇堢殑鏂囦歡灝嗕細(xì)鐩稿綋澶э紝瀹冪殑浣撶Н涓庤繖涓?CD-ROM 鐨勫閲忕浉鍚屻?/span>
榪欐椂錛屼綘鍙互鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑鎸傝澆榪欎釜鍏夌洏鑰屾棤欏繪彃鍏ュ師濮嬬殑 CD-ROM 鐩樼墖銆傝鎸傝澆鍦?/mnt/cdrom 鐩綍涓嬶細(xì)
mount -o loopback=/dev/loop0 /tmp/cdrom-image /mnt/cdrom
鍥犱負(fù)鏄犲儚浣嶄簬紓佺洏?shù)笂锛寴q欎釜鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勯熷害灝嗚繙鑳滀簬鐩存帴鎸傝澆鑷疄闄呭厜椹辯殑鏃跺欍傝娉ㄦ剰澶氭暟鍏夌洏?shù)娇鐢ㄧ殑鏂囦欢绯痪l熺被鍨嬮兘鏄?nbsp; iso9660銆?/span>
]]>
lrzsz鏄竴涓彜鑰佺殑杞歡錛屾渶鏂扮増鏈?.12.20鏄湪1998騫存洿鏂扮殑銆?/span>
澶ч儴鍒唋inux鍙戣鐗堢殑瀹夎宸ュ叿閮藉彲浠ョ洿鎺ュ畨瑁?lrzsz錛屾瘮濡俛pt-get / pacman錛屽綋鐒舵垜浠篃鍙互涓嬭澆瀹夎鍖呮墜鍔ㄥ畨瑁呫傝繖嬈＄敱浜庢垜鎵鍦ㄧ殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ病鏈夌鐞嗗憳鏉冮檺錛屾垜灝變嬌鐢ㄦ簮鐮佸寘瀹夎銆?/span>
$ mkdir /home/alswl/app
$ wget http://ohse.de/uwe/releases/lrzsz-0.12.20.tar.gz
$ tar xzvf lrzsz-0.12.20.tar.gz
$ cd lrzsz-0.12.20
$ ./configure --prefix="/home/alswl/app"
$ make
$ make install
$ export PATH="$PATH:/home/alswl/app/bin"
瀹夎涓婇潰姝ラ灝卞彲浠ュ畨瑁呭畬鎴愪簡(jiǎn)錛岄噸鐐瑰湪浜?--prefix="/home/alswl/app"錛岃繖鍙互鎸囧畾瀹夎璺緞錛屽畨瑁呭埌鑷繁鍙互璇誨啓鐨勫湴鏂瑰幓銆?/span>
export浣滅敤鏄坊鍔犲畨瑁呯洰褰曞埌 $PATH 涓嬮潰錛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ョ洿鎺ヤ嬌鐢?lsz / lrz 鎿嶄綔銆?/span>
鏈榪戝涔?fàn)linux 灝濊瘯浣跨敤lrzsz 鍦ㄨ繖閲屽仛璁板綍浠ヤ究浠婂悗鏌ラ槄銆?br />
浣跨敤鍓嶅噯澶?/p>
1. 鍑嗗 lrzsz-arm-bin緙栬瘧瀹屾垚鐨勫彂閫佸強(qiáng)鎺ユ敹宸ュ叿 鏈枃渚嬪瓙涓?lrz 鍜宭sz
2. SecureCRT.exe 宸ュ叿錛堥氳繃涓插彛榪炴帴鍒扮粓绔級(jí)銆?/p>
寮濮嬫坊鍔犲伐鍏?/p>
浣跨敤鍏朵粬宸ュ叿灝唋rz 鍜宭sz 鎷瘋礉鍒扮粓绔?/usr/bin 鐩綍涓? 鍦ㄧ郴緇熺幆澧冨彉閲忚礬寰勪笅鍗沖彲)
淇敼 lrz 鍜宭sz 鐨勫睘鎬?nbsp; chmod 755 lrz chmod 755 lsz 銆?/p>
寮濮嬮獙璇?/p>
1錛庢枃浠舵帴鏀?/p>
灝哖C绔枃浠跺彂閫佸埌緇堢鏌愮洰褰曟湰渚嬪皢PC绔枃浠秄port.exe鍙戦佸埌緇堢/xino鐩綍
鍦ㄧ粓绔墽琛屽懡浠?/p>
Cd /xino
Lrz
SecureCRT.exe寮瑰嚭濡備笅閫夋嫨鏂囦歡紿楀彛閫夋嫨
閫夋嫨 鏂囦歡騫剁偣鍑?“娣誨姞”娣誨姞鍒板彂閫佸垪琛紝鐐瑰嚮“紜畾” 榪涜鍙戦?/p>
浼犺緭鏂囦歡
浼犺緭瀹屾垚 褰撳墠鐩綍 鍑虹幇 Fport.exe 鏂囦歡銆?/p>
3. 鏂囦歡鍙戦?/p>
鍦⊿ecureCRT.exe 涓婇夋嫨 “閫夐」“à“浼?xì)璇濋夐」”閫夋嫨“緇堢”àX/Y/Zmodem
璁劇疆濂?鐩綍涓殑 涓婁紶鍙?qiáng)涓嬭?鐩綍錛?鏈緥涓篎:\my documents
瀹屾垚鍚?鍦ㄥ懡浠よ杈撳叆 lsz key.sh (鎶?key.sh 鏂囦歡鍙戦佸埌PC绔篃鍙互鏄粓绔▼搴忔墽琛岀殑 *.log)
杈撳叆鍛戒護(hù)鍚庡洖杞?涓婁紶鏂囦歡
涓婁紶瀹屾垚鍚?鍘葷洰褰旻:\my documents
鏌ョ湅 鍑虹幇涓婁紶鐨勬枃浠?/p>
澶囨敞
甯哥敤鍙傛暟
-b 浠ヤ簩榪涘埗鏂瑰紡錛岄粯璁や負(fù)鏂囨湰鏂瑰紡銆傦紙Binary (tell it likeit is) file transfer override.錛?/p>
-e 瀵規(guī)墍鏈夋帶鍒跺瓧絎﹁漿涔夈傦紙F(tuán)orce sender to escape allcontrol characters; normally XON, XOFF, DLE, CR-@-CR, and Ctrl-X are escaped.錛?/p>
濡傛灉瑕佷繚璇佷笂浼犵殑鏂囦歡鍐呭鍦ㄦ湇鍔″櫒绔繚瀛樹(shù)箣鍚庝笌鍘熷鏂囦歡涓鑷達(dá)紝鏈濂藉悓鏃惰緗繖涓や釜鏍囧織錛屽涓嬫墍紺烘柟寮忎嬌鐢細(xì)
rz -be
姝ゅ懡浠ゆ墽琛屾椂錛屼細(xì)寮瑰嚭鏂囦歡閫夋嫨瀵硅瘽妗嗭紝閫夋嫨濂介渶瑕佷笂浼犵殑鏂囦歡涔嬪悗錛岀偣紜畾錛屽氨鍙互寮濮嬩笂浼犵殑榪囩▼浜?jiǎn)銆備笂浼犵殑閫熷害鍙栧喅浜庡綋鏃剁綉緇滅殑鐘跺喌銆?/p>
濡傛灉鎵ц瀹屾瘯鏄劇ず“0閿欒”錛屾枃浠朵笂浼犲氨鎴愬姛浜?jiǎn)锛屽叾浠栨槃·哄垯琛ńC烘枃浠朵笂浼犲嚭鐜伴棶棰樹(shù)簡(jiǎn)銆?/p>
2.紼沖畾鎬ф湁鎵鎻愰珮
涓轟簡(jiǎn)褰誨簳閬垮厤鍐呮牳鍔犺澆鎴栬呭鍑烘鍦ㄨ浣跨敤鐨勫唴鏍告ā鍧楋紝鎴栬呰嚦灝戜負(fù)浜?jiǎn)鍑彏畱鍔犺浇鎴栬呭嵏杞芥ā鍧楃殑鍚屾椂浣跨敤璇ユā鍧楃殑鍙兘鎬э紙榪欐湁鏃朵細(xì)瀵艱嚧緋葷粺宕╂簝錛夛紝鍐呮牳鍔犺澆鍜屽鍑哄唴鏍告ā鍧楃殑榪囩▼閮藉緱鍒頒簡(jiǎn)鏀硅繘銆?br /> 鎴戜竴鐩翠互涓篖inux涓嶄細(xì)姝繪満錛岀洿鍒版垜鐨勫熀浜?.4鍐呮牳Linux紿佺劧姝繪満錛岄犳垚閲嶅ぇ鎹熷け銆傛墍浠ワ紝寮虹儓寤鴻鎵鏈夊熀浜?.4鍐呮牳鐨凩inux搴旂敤緋葷粺椹笂鍗囩駭鍐呮牳錛屼竴瀹氭敞鎰忥紝鍗囩駭鍓嶅浠界郴緇燂紝闃叉鍗囩駭鍑洪敊閫犳垚閲嶅ぇ鎹熷け錛屼篃瑕侀槻姝㈢‖浠朵笉鍏煎銆佸簲鐢ㄧ郴緇熶笉鍏煎闂錛屾渶濂藉厛嫻嬭瘯涓涓嬶紝鍐嶄笂綰胯繍琛岋紒
3.緇熶竴璁懼妯″瀷
緇熶竴璁懼妯″瀷鐨勫垱寤烘槸 2.6 鍐呮牳鏈閲嶈鐨勫彉鍖栦箣涓銆傚畠淇?jī)杩涗簡(jiǎn)妯″潡鎺ュ彛鐨勬爣鍑嗗寲锛屽叾鐩殑鏄洿濂藉湴鎺у埗鍜尳帯鐞嗚畱证囧Q屼緥濡傦細(xì)鏇村噯紜湴紜畾緋葷粺璁懼銆?鐢墊簮綆＄悊鍜岃澶囩數(shù)婧愮姸鎬併?鏀硅繘鐨勭郴緇熸葷嚎緇撴瀯綆＄悊銆?br />
4.鍗蟲(chóng)彃鍗崇敤錛圥nP錛夋敮鎸?nbsp;
榪愯 2.6 鍐呮牳鐨?Linux 鎴愪負(fù)涓涓湡姝ｅ嵆鎻掑嵆鐢ㄧ殑 OS銆備緥濡傦紝瀵?ISA PnP 鎵╁睍銆侀仐鐣?MCA 鍜?EISA 鎬葷嚎浠ュ強(qiáng)鐑彃鎷旇澶囩殑 PnP 鏀寔銆?br />
5.鍐呮牳鍩虹璁炬柦鐨勫彉鍖?nbsp;
涓轟簡(jiǎn)鍖哄埆浠?.o 涓烘墿灞曞悕鐨勫父瑙勫璞℃枃浠訛紝鍐呮牳妯″潡鐜板湪浣跨敤鐨勬墿灞曞悕鏄?.ko銆?鍒涘緩浜?jiǎn)鏂扮?sysfs 鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛屽綋鍐呮牳鍙戠幇璁懼鏍?wèi)鏃稙兗?xì)鎻忚堪瀹冦?鍐呭瓨鏀寔錛孨UMA 鏀寔 ,鏀寔鏇村ぇ鏁伴噺鐨?RAM銆?.6 鍐呮牳鏀寔鏇村ぇ鏁伴噺鐨?RAM錛屽湪鍒嗛〉妯″紡涓嬫渶楂樺彲杈?64GB銆?br />
6.NUMA
瀵歸潪涓鑷村唴鏍歌闂紙Non-Uniform Memory Access - NUMA錛夌郴緇熺殑鏀寔鏄?2.6 鍐呮牳涓柊鍑虹幇鐨勩?br />
7.綰跨▼妯″瀷錛孨PTL
鐩稿浜?v2.4 鐨?LinuxThreads錛屽湪鐗堟湰 2.6 涓柊鍑虹幇鐨勬槸 NPTL錛圢ative POSIX Threading Library錛夈?NPTL 涓?Linux 甯︽潵浜?jiǎn)浼佷笟珩斁U跨▼鏀寔錛屾彁渚涚殑鎬ц兘榪滆繙瓚呰繃浜?LinuxThreads銆傚畠鎵鍩轟簬鐨勭敤鎴蜂笌鍐呮牳綰跨▼鐨勬瘮鐜囨槸 1:1銆?nbsp;
鍦?2003 騫?10 鏈堬紝GNU C 紼嬪簭搴?glibc 涓瀺鍏ヤ簡(jiǎn) NPTL 鏀寔錛孯ed Hat 鐜囧厛鍦?Red Hat Linux 9 鍜?Red Hat Enterprise Linux 涓嬌鐢ㄥ畾鍒剁殑 v2.4 鍐呮牳瀹炵幇浜?NPTL銆?br />
8.鎬ц兘鏀硅繘
鏂扮殑璋冨害鍣ㄧ畻娉?/span> 錛?.6 Linux 鍐呮牳寮曞叆浜?jiǎn)鏂扮?O(1) 綆楁硶銆傚湪楂樿礋杞芥儏鍐典笅瀹冭繍琛屽緱鐗瑰埆濂姐傛柊鐨勮皟搴﹀櫒鍩轟簬姣忎釜 CPU 鏉ュ垎甯冩椂闂寸墖錛?榪欐牱灝辨秷闄や簡(jiǎn)鍏ㄥ眬鍚屾鍜岄噸鏂板垎閰嶅驚鐜紝浠庤屾彁楂樹(shù)簡(jiǎn)鎬ц兘銆?nbsp;
鍐呮牳鎶㈠崰錛圞ernel Preemption錛?錛屾柊鐨?2.6 鍐呮牳鏄姠鍗犲紡鐨勩傝繖灝嗘樉钁楀湴鎻愰珮?shù)氦浜掑紡鍜屽濯掍綋搴旂敤绋嬪簭鐨勬ц兘銆?nbsp;
I/O 鎬ц兘鏀硅繘錛孡inux 鐨?I/O 瀛愮郴緇熶篃鍙戠敓浜?jiǎn)閲嶅ぇ鐨勫彉鍖栧Q岄氳繃淇敼 I/O 璋冨害鍣ㄦ潵紜繚涓嶄細(xì)鏈夎繘紼嬮┗鐣欏湪闃熷垪涓繃闀挎椂闂寸瓑寰呰繘琛岃緭鍏?杈撳嚭鎿嶄綔錛?榪欐牱灝變嬌寰?I/O 鎿嶄綔鐨勫搷搴旀洿涓鴻繀閫熴?br /> 蹇熺敤鎴風(fēng)┖闂翠簰鏂ワ紙F(tuán)ast User-Space Mutexes錛?錛?#8220;futexes”錛堝揩閫熺敤鎴風(fēng)┖闂翠簰鏂ワ級(jí)鍙互浣跨嚎紼嬩覆琛屽寲浠ラ伩鍏嶇珵鎬佹潯浠訛紝寮曞叆瀹冧篃鎻愰珮?shù)簡(jiǎn)鍝嶅簲閫熷害銆?閫氳繃鍦ㄥ唴鏍哥┖闂翠腑閮ㄥ垎瀹炵幇“futexes”浠ュ厑璁稿熀浜庣珵浜夎緗瓑寰呬換鍔＄殑浼樺厛綰ц屽疄鐜版敼榪涖?br />
9.鎵╁睍鎬ф敼榪?nbsp;
澶勭悊鍣ㄦ暟鐩洿澶氾紝Linux 鍐呮牳 2.6 鏈澶氬彲浠ユ敮鎸?64 涓?CPU銆傛敮鎸佹洿澶х殑鍐呭瓨錛屽綊鍔熶簬 PAE錛堢墿鐞嗗湴鍧鎵╁睍錛孭hysical Address Extensions錛夛紝鍦?32-浣嶇郴緇熶笂鍒嗛〉妯″紡涓嬫墍鏀寔鐨勫唴瀛樺鍔犲埌浜?64GB銆?nbsp;
鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀粍錛屾儫涓鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀粍鐨勬暟閲忎粠 65錛?00 澧炶嚦 40 澶氫嚎錛屼篃灝辨槸浠?16-浣嶅鍔犲埌浜?32-浣嶃?nbsp;
PID 鐨勬暟閲忥紝PID 鐨勬渶澶ф暟閲忎粠 32錛?00 澧炶嚦 10 浜褲?nbsp;
鎵撳紑鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎︾殑鏁伴噺錛屾墦寮鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎︾殑鏁伴噺娌℃湁澧炲姞錛屼絾鏄笉鍐嶉渶瑕佷簨鍏堣緗鍙傛暟錛屽畠?yōu)畣鑷璋冭妭銆?br />
10.鏀寔鏇村鐨勮澶?br /> 鍦?Linux 鍐呮牳 2.6 涔嬪墠錛屽唴鏍鎬腑鏈夊彲浠ョ害鏉熷ぇ鍨嬬郴緇熺殑闄愬埗錛屾瘮濡傛瘡鏉￠摼 256 涓澶囥倂2.6 鍐呮牳褰誨簳鍦版墦鐮翠簡(jiǎn)榪欎簺闄愬埗錛?涓嶄絾鍙互鏀寔鏇村綾誨瀷鐨勮澶囷紝鑰屼笖鏀寔鏇村鍚岀被鍨嬬殑璁懼銆傚湪 Linux 2.6 緋葷粺涓紝鍙互鏀寔 4095 縐嶄富瑕佺殑璁懼綾誨瀷錛?姣忎竴涓崟鐙殑綾誨瀷鍙互鏈夎秴榪囦竴鐧句竾涓瓙璁懼銆?鏂囦歡緋葷粺澶у皬錛?Linux 鍐呮牳 2.6 鎵鍏佽鐨勫彲瀵誨潃鏂囦歡緋葷粺澶у皬鏈澶т負(fù) 16 TB銆?br />
11.鏂囦歡緋葷粺
ext2銆乪xt3 鍜?ReiserFS 絳変紶緇?Linux 鏂囦歡緋葷粺寰楀埌浜?jiǎn)鏄捐憲鐨勬敼杩涖傛渶鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬敼榪涙槸鎵╁睍灞炴э紙鎴栨枃浠跺厓鏁版嵁錛夌殑寮曞叆銆?鏈閲嶈鐨勬槸 POSIX ACL 鐨勫疄鐜幫紝榪欐槸瀵規(guī)櫘閫?UNIX 鏉冮檺鐨勬墿灞曪紝鍙互鏀寔鏇寸粏鍖栫殑鐢ㄦ埛璁塊棶鎺у埗銆?/p>
12.闄や簡(jiǎn)瀵逛紶緇?Linux 鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勬敼榪涙敮鎸佷互澶栵紝鏂扮殑鍐呮牳瀹屽叏鏀寔鍦?Linux 涓浉瀵硅緝鏂扮殑 XFS 鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆?Linux 2.6 鍐呮牳鐜板湪榪樺紩鍏ヤ簡(jiǎn)瀵?NTFS 鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勬敼榪涚殑鏀寔錛岀幇鍦ㄥ厑璁鎬互璇?鍐欐ā寮忓畨瑁?NTFS 鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆?/p>
涓銆丆entOS緋葷粺璁塊棶 g.cn 錛屽彂鐜頒腑鏂囦貢鐮併?/p>
浜庢槸鐢ㄤ互鍓嶇殑鏂瑰紡錛歽um -y install fonts-chinese
CentOS緋葷粺瀹夎鍚庯紝榪樻槸涓嶈兘鏄劇ず涓枃瀛椾綋銆傛垜浣跨敤 gedit 緙栬緫婧愮爜錛屽叾涓枃娉ㄩ噴涔熶負(fù)涔辯爜銆?br />
鍚庢潵錛岀粓浜庢壘鍒頒互涓嬫柟娉曞彲浠ヨВ鍐籌紝闇瑕佷袱涓腑鏂囨敮鎸佺殑鍖咃細(xì)
fonts-chinese-3.02-12.el5.noarch.rpm
ftp://ftp.muug.mb.ca/mirror/centos/5.4/os/x86_64/CentOS/fonts-chinese-3.02-12.el5.noarch.rpm
fonts-ISO8859-2-75dpi-1.0-17.1.noarch.rpm
ftp://ftp.muug.mb.ca/mirror/centos/5.4/os/x86_64/CentOS/fonts-ISO8859-2-75dpi-1.0-17.1.noarch.rpm
涓涓槸涓枃瀛椾綋錛屼竴涓槸瀛椾綋鏄劇ず鍖呫?/p>
涓嬭澆鍚庯紝鍦ㄥ懡浠よ瀹夎錛?/p>
#rpm -ivh XXXX 錛?XXXX 浠ｈ〃涓婇潰閭ｄ袱涓寘鐨勫叏鍚嶏紝 rpm 涓嶄細(xì)涓嶇煡閬撴庝箞鐢ㄥ惂錛燂級(jí)
CentOS緋葷粺瀹夎瀹屾垚鍚庯紝閲嶆柊鍚姩鍗沖彲銆?/p>
浜屻佺粓绔?gedit 鏄劇ず涔辯爜
#vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
灝哃ANG="en_US.UTF-8"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
淇敼鍘熷唴瀹逛負(fù)
LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"
LANGUAGE="zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN.GB2312:zh_CN"
SUPPORTED="zh_CN.UTF-8:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en"
SYSFONT="lat0-sun16"
鐢?yum 瀹夎涓枃瀛椾綋
#yum install fonts-chinese.noarch
system -> logout 娉ㄩ攢
閲嶆柊鐧誨綍CentOS緋葷粺鏃訛紝浣犱細(xì)鍙戠幇錛屾墍鏈夌晫闈㈠凡浠庤嫳鏂囧彉鎴愪腑鏂囥傚湪緇堢杈撳叆 date 鍛戒護(hù)嫻嬭瘯
#date
2009 騫?11 鏈?24 鏃?鏄熸湡涓 12:07:00 CST
涓夈佸湪 ssh 錛?telnet 緇堢涓枃鏄劇ず涔辯爜瑙ｅ喅鍔炴硶錛?CentOS 5.3 錛?/p>
#vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
灝嗗師鍐呭 LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
淇敼涓?/p>
LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"
LANGUAGE="zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN.GB2312:zh_CN"
SUPPORTED="zh_CN.UTF-8:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en"
SYSFONT="lat0-sun16"
鐢?yum 瀹夎涓枃瀛椾綋
#yum install fonts-chinese.noarch
鏂紑 ssh 錛岄噸鏂拌繛
鍦ㄧ粓绔緭鍏?date 鍛戒護(hù)嫻嬭瘯
#date
2009 騫?11 鏈?24 鏃?鏄熸湡涓 12:09:00 CST
鍥涖佸湪CentOS緋葷粺 5.3 涓嬌鐢ㄤ腑鏂囪緭鍏ユ硶
鎴戜互鍓嶇殑鏂規(guī)硶鏄畨瑁呬紒楣呯増 錛岃涓嬩竴欏?銆?鍦ㄦ錛岃繕鏈変竴涓洿綆鍗曠殑錛屽彧瑕佷嬌鐢?yum 瀹夎 SCIM 鍗沖彲銆?/p>
鍛戒護(hù)琛岃緭鍏ワ細(xì)
#yum install scim
#yum install scim-pinyin
閲嶅惎鍔╔錛堟寜Ctrl+Alt+Backpace錛夋垨娉ㄩ攢錛坙ogout錛夈?/p>
濂戒簡(jiǎn)錛屽彲浠ヨ緭鍏ヤ腑鏂囦簡(jiǎn)銆侰entOS緋葷粺鍑虹幇涓枃涔辯爜鐨勯棶棰樺氨榪欐牱瑙ｅ喅浜?jiǎn)銆?/p>
]]>
1銆佸畨瑁呭鎴鋒満緋葷粺錛宭inux榪欓噷閫夌敤CentOS5
2銆佸惎鍔ㄨ櫄鎷熸満涓殑Linux鍚庯紝錛堟敞鎰忓繀欏繪槸鍚姩铏氭嫙鏈哄悗錛夈傞夋嫨鑿滃崟閲岀殑VM閫夐」錛岄噷闈㈡湁涓涓瓙欏規(guī)槸Install VMware Tools錛岄夊畾瀹冦傚紑濮嬪畨瑁呫?br />
3銆佺幇鍦紝浣犲埌VM鑿滃崟閲岀殑Removable Devices瀛愰」涓殑CDROM欏癸紝鐐瑰嚮edit錛屾墦寮VMWare鐨勫畨瑁呮枃浠跺す錛岄噷闈㈡槸涓嶆槸鏈変竴浜?.iso鍟婏紝濂界殑錛屾寜鐓у墠闈㈢殑姝ラ錛岄夋嫨linux.iso鏉ヤ綔涓篒SO鏂囦歡銆?
4銆佷笅闈㈠氨鏄痬ount鍔犺澆linux.iso鏂囦歡銆?
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
cd /mnt/cdrom
5銆佸埌cdrom鏂囦歡澶歸噷闈㈣В鍘媀Mware錛峵ools*.tar.gz
cp VMware錛峵ools*.tar.gz /tmp
cd /tmp
tar xzvf VMware錛峵ools*.tar.gz
cd vmware錛峵ools-distrib
鍦ㄦ枃浠跺す閲岄潰鏄笉鏄湅鍒頒簡(jiǎn)涓涓獀mware-install.pl OK錛?
./vmware-install.pl
涓鐩存寜鍥炶濺錛岀洿鍒版彁紺哄畨瑁呮垚鍔熷氨鍙互浜?jiǎn)銆?
6銆乂Mware-tools宸茬粡瀹夎鎴愬姛浜?jiǎn)锛屾槸涓嶆槸寰埥巰鍗曞晩
cd /mnt
鏄笉鏄湅鍒頒簡(jiǎn)涓涓猦gfs鏂囦歡澶癸紝榪欏氨琛ㄦ槑瀹夎鎴愬姛浜?jiǎn)锛屼笅闈p璁蹭竴涓嬫庝箞鏉ヨ緗叡浜簡(jiǎn)錛岃繖涓閮ㄥ垎鏇寸畝鍗?br /> 璁板緱涓婇潰鍦╒M鑿滃崟閲岃繘琛屾搷浣滀簡(jiǎn)鍚楋紵瀵癸紒涓嬮潰鎺ョ潃瑕佸湪VM鑿滃崟閲岃繘琛岋紝閫夋嫨setting瀛愰」錛屽啀閫夋嫨Options銆傚湪紿椾綋鐨勫乏鍗婇儴鍒嗘槸涓嶆槸鐪嬪埌浜?jiǎn)Shared Folders榪欎箞涓欏癸紝濡傛灉浣犱互鍓嶆病鏈夎緗繃錛屽簲璇ユ槸Disabled銆?
閫夋嫨Enabled until next power off or suspend錛岄夋嫨Add錛岄夋嫨瑕佷笌瀹㈡埛Linux榪涜鍏變韓鐨勬枃浠跺す銆?
鐜板湪宸茬粡瀹屾垚浜?jiǎn)鎵鏈夌殑宸ヤ綔浜?jiǎn)锛屽?mnt/hgfs涓嬩綘浼?xì)鐪嬪埌娣诲姞鐨勬枃錃g澶廣傚湪windows涓嬪悜鎸囧畾鐨剆hare folders鍐欐枃浠訛紝鍦↙inux瀹㈡埛鏈洪噷闈㈠氨鑳藉鐪嬪埌錛屽悓鏍峰湪Linux涓婂啓鏂囦歡鍦╓indows涓嬩篃鑳藉鐪嬪埌錛屽茍涓斿彲浠ヤ慨鏀廣傛渶鍚庡嵏杞藉厜椹?
umount /mnt/cdrom
]]>
涓銆佸凡瀹夎xp緋葷粺銆?/p>
瀹夎xp涓巆entos鍏卞瓨鐨勫弻緋葷粺錛屾槸鍚︿竴瀹氳鍏堣xp錛熸垜瑙夊緱搴旇涓嶆槸銆備笉榪囧洜涓烘垜紜洏宸茬粡瀹夎浜?jiǎn)xp錛屽氨騫茶剢鍩轟簬xp緋葷粺錛坵indows緋葷粺錛夋潵瀹夎centos緋葷粺錛堟垨redhat緋葷粺錛変笌鐜版湁緋葷粺鍏卞瓨?shù)簡(jiǎn)銆?/p>
浜屻佸畨瑁単rub寮曞紼嬪簭銆?/p>
鍏堜笅杞絞rub4dos杞歡錛屼笅杞絞rub4dos鍚庯紝瑙ｅ帇緙╁悗灝卞彲浠ヤ簡(jiǎn)銆傛牳蹇?jī)鏂囦欢鏈変笅闈q欏嚑涓細(xì)grldr鍜実rub.exe錛屽強(qiáng)menu.lst 灝嗗畠浠嫹璐濆埌c鐩樹(shù)笅銆?/p>
涓轟簡(jiǎn)璁劇疆閫氳繃windowsxp緋葷粺鐨勫惎鍔ㄨ彍鍗曡繘鍏rub寮曞鑿滃崟銆傞』榪涜濡備笅璁劇疆錛?/p>
灝唃rldr鏂囦歡澶嶅埗鍒癱:\錛屽幓鎺塨oot.ini鐨勫彧璇誨睘鎬э紝鐒跺悗淇敼c:\boot.ini鏂囦歡錛屽湪boot.ini鐨勬渶鍚庨潰鍔犱竴琛岋細(xì)
c:\grldr=”Start GRUB4DOS”
騫跺皢boot.ini涓殑timeout鍊艱緗負(fù)澶т簬0鐨勬暟瀛楋紝濡?timeout=5錛岀劧鍚庝繚瀛榖oot.ini錛屾敼鍥炲彧璇誨睘鎬с?br />緙栬緫boot.ini鍓嶏紝鍙湪cmd涓嬭緭鍏ワ細(xì)
attrib -s -r -h c:\boot.ini
瑙ｉ櫎boot.ini鐨勫彧璇誨睘鎬э紝緙栬緫瀹屽悗杈撳叆錛?br /> attrib +s +r +h c:\boot.ini
鎭㈠boot.ini鐨勫師鏈夊睘鎬с?/p>
緙栬緫瀹岄噸鏂板惎鍔ㄨ綆楁満錛屽湪windowsxp鍚姩鑿滃崟灝變細(xì)鍑虹幇“Start GRUB4DOS”榪欎竴欏癸紝閫夋嫨璇ラ」鍗沖彲榪涘叆grub4dos鐨勭幆澧冦?/p>
涓夈佸畨瑁卨inux寮曞鏂囦歡騫惰緗?/p>
1銆佷粠linux闀滃儚鏂囦歡涓壘鍒癰oot.iso鏂囦歡錛屼綅緗細(xì)linux闀滃儚鏂囦歡涓殑/images/boot.iso.瀵煎嚭璇ユ枃浠躲傜劧鍚庤В鍘媌oot.iso鏂囦歡錛屽皢boot鐩綍涓嬬殑isolinux鐩綍鎷瘋礉鍒癱鐩樹(shù)笅銆?/p>
2銆佷慨鏀逛笂鏂囨彁鍒扮殑menu.lst鏂囦歡銆傚湪鏂囦歡涓姞鍏ュ涓嬪唴瀹癸細(xì)
title CentOS
kernel (hd0,0)/isolinux/vmlinuz
initrd (hd0,0)/isolinux/initrd.img
3銆佷慨鏀瑰悗鍚姩璁＄畻鏈烘椂榪涘叆grub寮曞鑿滃崟鍚庯紝灝卞彲浠ョ湅鍒板悕涓?#8221;centos”鐨勫惎鍔ㄩ夐」銆傚彲榪涘叆linux瀹夎寮曞銆?/p>
鍥涖佸噯澶囦竴涓垎鍖虹敤鏉ュ畨瑁卌entos緋葷粺銆?/p>
1銆佷竴鑸儏鍐典笅錛屽彲浠ュ皢紓佺洏鐨勬渶鍚庝竴涓垎鍖哄垹闄ら鐣欑粰瀹夎linux緋葷粺錛堜篃鍙笉鍒犻櫎錛屽畨瑁卨inux緋葷粺榪囩▼涓紝鍙互閫夋嫨瑕佸畨瑁呯殑鍒嗗尯騫惰繘琛屾牸寮忓寲鎿嶄綔錛夈?/p>
2銆佸皢linux闀滃儚鏂囦歡鎷瘋礉鍒頒換浣曚竴涓猣at鏍煎紡鐨勫垎鍖恒?/p>
浜斻佸畨瑁卨inux centos緋葷粺銆?/p>
寮鏈哄惎鍔紝榪涘叆grub鑿滃崟錛岄夋嫨linux寮曞銆傛牴鎹彁紺洪夋嫨centos闀滃儚鏂囦歡鎵鍦ㄤ綅緗?鍦ㄦ澶勬垜瀹夎鐨勬椂鍊欓儊闂穐ard disk driver no found鐨勯棶棰橈紝鎴戣繘鍏ios璁劇疆hard disk鐨勬ā寮忔妸浠嶪DE鎹㈡垚AHCI妯″紡鎵嶅彲浠ヨВ鍐寵闂錛屽彟澶栧鏋滆鎯抽噸鏂拌繘鍏P鍙堣灝嗘ā寮忔敼鍥濱DE)錛岀戶緇牴鎹彁紺鴻繘琛屽畨瑁呮搷浣溿傚畨瑁呯郴緇熷悗錛宑entos榛樿浣滀負(fù)絎竴鍚姩鑿滃崟銆傚惎鍔╟entos鏃朵細(xì)鍏堣繘鍏entosgrub鍚姩鑿滃崟錛屽掕鏃剁粨鏉熷墠錛屾寜涓婁笅鏂瑰悜鍙繘鍏ラ夋嫨鑿滃崟錛岄夋嫨other鍙繘鍏indows鍚姩鑿滃崟銆?/p>
鍒版錛寃indows錛坸p錛変笌linux錛坈entos錛夊弻緋葷粺灝卞凡緇忓畨瑁呭畬姣曚簡(jiǎn)銆?/p>
]]>
涓銆佹枃浠剁郴緇熸瀯鎴?/span>
鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏋勬垚棣栧厛搴旇鎺屾彙linux鏈夊摢浜涚洰褰曪紝榪欎簺鐩綍鏈変簺浠涔堢敤
鍦ㄥぇ姒備簡(jiǎn)瑙ｄ簡(jiǎn)涓浜涢噸瑕佺殑鐩綍鎯呭喌涔嬪悗錛屾帴鐫浠嬬粛鍑犱釜鏂囦歡緋葷粺鍛戒護(hù)錛?br />(1)df 鏌ョ湅鍒嗗尯浣跨敤鎯呭喌
df -h 浠鍗曚綅鏄劇ず鍐呭
(2)du 鏌ョ湅鏂囦歡鐩綍澶у皬
du -h 浠鍗曚綅鏄劇ず澶у皬
du -sh 鏌ョ湅鐩綍澶у皬瑕佸姞涓妔(statistics)
(3)fsck 鏂囦歡緋葷粺媯(gè)嫻嬩慨澶嶅懡浠ile system check
fsck -p 鑷姩淇
fsck -y 鍥炵瓟yes鐨勪慨澶?br />
(4)file 鍒ゆ柇鏂囦歡綾誨瀷鍛戒護(hù)
file 鏂囦歡
浜屻佽澶囨寕杞?/strong>
棣栧厛瑕佺煡閬撹澶囦竴鑸垎涓ょ錛屼竴縐嶆槸鍧?block)璁懼錛屼竴縐嶆槸瀛楃璁懼(char)銆傞氳繃涓嬪浘ls鏌ョ湅鐨勭涓涓瓧姣嶅彲鐭ャ?br />
(1)鍏夐┍鎸傝澆
閫氬父寤鴻鍦╩nt鐩綍涓嬪垱寤虹洰褰曡繘琛屾寕杞斤紝鍥犱負(fù)mnt鏄枃浠剁郴緇熺殑涓存椂鎸傝澆鐐廣?span style="color: #000000">鍏?/span>鐩樺嵏杞戒嬌鐢?umount 鎸傝澆鐐?鏈夋椂鍊欎細(xì)鎻愮ず蹇欙紝鍥犱負(fù)浣犵殑褰撳墠鐩綍鍙兘鍦ㄦ寕杞界偣涓紝鎵浠ュ彲浠ョ敤eject寮瑰嚭鍏夌洏銆?br />
(2)U鐩樻寕杞?br />
涓夈佹坊鍔犵‖鐩樺垎鍖哄茍鏍煎紡鍖?/strong>
棣栧厛鍦ㄨ緗噷緇欒櫄鎷熸満娣誨姞涓鍧楃‖鐩?br />
鐒跺悗閲嶅惎鎴栬呭紑鏈猴紝寮鏈轟互鍚庨氳繃dmesg | grep sdb鏌ョ湅涓嬪叧浜庢柊紜洏鐨勪俊鎭氨鐭ラ亾鎴愬姛璇嗗埆浜?jiǎn)娌℃湁銆備粠鎻愮ず淇℃伅鐨剈nkonwn partition table 鍙煡娌℃湁鍒嗗尯琛ㄣ傛帴涓嬫潵灝辨槸榪涜鍒嗗尯銆傚垎鍖鴻浣跨敤鐨勫懡浠ゅ氨鏄痜disk
(1)fdisk 紜洏鍒嗗尯
fdisk -l /dev/sda 鏌ョ湅絎竴涓‖鐩樼殑鍒嗗尯淇℃伅鍙?span style="color: #000000">鍏朵粬紜洏鐩鎬俊淇℃伅
鐩存帴杈撳叆fdisk /dev/sdb 鍗沖紑濮嬪sdb鍗崇浜屼釜紜洏榪涜鍒嗗尯騫惰繘鍏ュ垎鍖虹▼搴忓懡浠よ銆傝緭鍏鍙互寰楀埌甯姪濡備笅:
鐪嬪埌涓婇潰鐨勫府鍔╋紝p涓烘樉紺哄垎鍖鴻〃銆俷娣誨姞鏂扮殑鍒嗗尯銆傞偅涔堟垜浠緭鍏錛岀劧鍚庡氨浼?xì)鎻惤C轟綘鏂版坊鍔犵殑鍒嗗尯鏄富鍒嗗尯p榪樻槸鎷撳睍鍒嗗尯e錛屽厛杈撳叆p琛ㄧず鎴戜滑鍒涘緩鐨勬槸涓誨垎鍖虹劧鍚庤浣犺緭鍏ュ垎鍖哄彿錛?-4錛夛紝鎴戜滑杈撳叆1銆傜劧鍚庢帴鐫瑕佷綘杈撳叆璇ュ垎鍖鴻搗濮嬪拰緇堟鐨勬煴闈紝璧峰鐢ㄩ粯璁?灝卞彲浠ヤ簡(jiǎn)錛屼絾鏄粓姝㈠鏋滃彧鍒嗕竴涓尯錛岄偅涔堥粯璁ょ殑涔熷彲浠ャ備絾鎴戜滑涓嶅彧鍒嗕竴涓尯錛屾墍浠ユ垜浠渶瑕佽綆楄鍒嗗尯緇堟鏌遍潰浠ヤ究緇欎笅涓涓垎鍖虹暀鍑虹┖闂淬?br />
浣嗘槸濉啓鏌遍潰鏁幫紝鎴戜滑寰堥毦璁＄畻鏌遍潰涓庡ぇ灝忕殑瀵瑰簲鍏崇郴銆傛牴鎹彁紺虹煡閬擄紝鍙互浣跨敤+sizmM鎴?sizeK鐨勬柟寮忚緗涓涓垎鍖哄ぇ灝忋傞偅鎴戜滑緇?G錛岃緭鍏?2048M鍥炶濺鍗沖彲銆傜劧鍚庨氳繃p鏌ョ湅鍙煡絎竴涓垎鍖哄凡緇忓嚭鐜般傚彟澶栦富鍒嗗尯鍜屾墿灞曞垎鍖烘湁浠涔堝尯鍒紵
鎺ョ潃鎶婂墿涓嬬殑澶у皬涔熷垎涓涓富鍒嗗尯灝卞彲浠ヤ簡(jiǎn)銆傦紙褰撶劧鎯沖垎鍑犱釜鑷繁鐪嬬潃鍔烇級(jí)榛樿鏂版坊鍔犲垎鍖虹殑綾誨瀷鏍規(guī)嵁linux鐗堟湰涓嶅悓鑰屼笉鍚岋紝centOS5.5榛樿鏄痚xt3銆傞偅濡傛灉鎴戜滑鎯蟲(chóng)洿鏀硅繖涓枃浠剁郴緇熺殑綾誨瀷搴旇浣跨敤t銆傚鏋滃宸插垎鍖虹殑涓嶆弧鎰忓彲浠ョ敤d鍒犻櫎鍒嗗尯銆傚鏋滃凡緇?/span>婊℃剰鐨勶紝杈撳叆w淇?span>瀛橀鍑?/span>錛宷鏄笉淇濆瓨閫鍑恒?br />
(2)mkfs 鏍煎紡鍖栭儴緗叉枃浠剁郴緇?mkfs.ext3)
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 灝卞彲浠ョ洿鎺ユ牸寮忓寲sdb1榪欎釜鍒嗗尯浜?br />
(3)紜洏鎸傝澆
鍦ㄥ垱寤哄垎鍖哄拰鏍煎紡鍖栧垎鍖轟互鍚庯紝鎺ョ潃灝辮鎸傝澆紜洏騫朵嬌鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)銆傞鍏堝垱寤轟袱涓洰褰曪紝鐢ㄦ潵瀵瑰簲榪欎袱涓垎鍖恒傛垜鍒涘緩/bak鍜?web,鐒跺悗閫氳繃mount鍛戒護(hù)榪涜鎸傝澆銆?br />mount /dev/sdb1 /web浠ュ強(qiáng)mount /dev/sdb2 /bak
浣嗘槸閫氳繃mount鍛戒護(hù)鎸傝澆鐨勫湪閲嶅惎浠ュ悗灝變細(xì)澶辨晥錛岄偅涔堣瀹冩案涔呮湁鏁堝憿錛熻繖灝辮鐢ㄥ埌/etc/fstab榪欎釜閰嶇疆鏂囦歡浜?jiǎn)銆傜敤vi鎵撳紑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡濡備笅錛?br />
鏍煎紡鏄?--鐗╃悊鍒嗗尯鍚?鍗鋒爣) 鎸傝澆鐐?nbsp; 鏂囦歡緋葷粺綾誨瀷 緙虹渷璁劇疆 鏄惁鍦ㄥ紩瀵兼椂榪涜鏁版嵁?huà)個(gè)嫻?nbsp; 媯(gè)嫻嬮『搴?br /> 媯(gè)嫻嬮『搴忓氨鏄緗殑鏁版嵁?huà)個(gè)嫻嬬殑欏哄簭錛屼竴鑸湁3涓煎垎鍒槸0銆?銆?,0琛ㄧず涓嶆嫻嬶紝1琛ㄧず浼樺厛媯(gè)嫻嬶紝2琛ㄧず姝ｅ父媯(gè)嫻嬨傜己鐪佽緗槸鎸囧畾鐨勬寕杞芥椂鍊欎嬌鐢ㄧ殑鎸傝澆璁劇疆錛屽ぇ閮ㄥ垎浣跨敤鐨刣efault榛樿璁劇疆銆備笅闈㈡垜浠妸鑷繁鍒氬垰娣誨姞鐨勭‖鐩樻坊鍔犺繘鍘匯?br />/dev/sdb1 /web ext3 defaults 1 2
褰撶劧闄や簡(jiǎn)鐢ㄧ墿鐞嗗垎鍖哄悕榪樺彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ嵎鏍囷紝棣栧厛浣跨敤e2label /dev/sdb2鏌ョ湅鍗鋒爣鍚嶏紝濡傛灉涓虹┖璇存槑娌℃湁鍗鋒爣銆傞偅涔堥氳繃e2label /dev/sdb2 datebak 鏉ヨ緗繘鍗鋒爣銆?br />LABEL=datebak /bak ext3 defaults 1 2
(4)swap鍒嗗尯鎷撳睍
褰撲綘瑙夊緱swap鍒嗗尯鐨勪笉澶熺敤鏃訛紝鍙互閫氳繃鎷撳睍swap鍒嗗尯鏉ユ弧瓚寵姹傘傞偅濡備綍鎷撳睍swap鍒嗗尯鍛紵棣栧厛瑕佷粙緇嶄竴鏉℃寚浠ゅ彨鍋歞d
1.dd
dd鏄竴鏉℃嫹璐濇寚浠わ紝浣滅敤鏄敤鎸囧畾澶у皬鐨勫潡鎷瘋礉涓涓枃浠訛紝騫跺湪鎷瘋礉鐨勫悓鏃惰繘琛屾寚瀹氱殑杞崲銆?br />dd if=input of=output 鏍煎紡灝辨槸榪欐牱錛岃〃紺轟粠if鎸囧畾鐨刬nput鎶婁俊鎭嫹璐濆埌of鎸囧畾鐨刼utput涓?
鎴戜滑鍦ㄥ仛swap鎷瘋礉鏃訛紝鐢?span style="color: red">dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swap/file.swap bs=1024K count=64
浠巣ero璁懼閲岄潰鎷峰唴瀹瑰埌file.swap鏂囦歡涓紝浠?M(1024k)涓哄潡鍗曚綅錛屼竴鍏辨嫹璐?4鍧楋紝鍙?4M銆傝繖閲岄渶瑕佽鐨勬槸/dev/zero榪欎釜璁懼錛屽叾瀹炶繖鏄竴涓吉璁懼錛屼綔鐢ㄦ槸涓嶅仠鐨勫線澶栬緭鍑?銆備笌/dev/null榪欎釜浼澶囩浉鍙嶏紝/dev/null灝辨槸涓嶅仠鐨勫彲浠ユ妸鍨冨溇淇℃伅寰閲岄潰杈撳叆錛岀劧鍚庡氨娌℃湁浜?鍍忛粦媧炰竴鏍?銆傝繖鏍峰氨鍒涘緩浜?jiǎn)涓涓?4M澶у皬鍐呭鍏ㄦ槸0鐨刦ile.swap鏂囦歡銆?br /> 鐒跺悗閫氳繃mkswap /var/swap/file.swap 褰撶劧濡傛灉浣犱笉鎯蟲(chóng)案涔呯殑璁╂枃浠舵垚涓轟氦鎹㈠尯鑰屾槸鏍規(guī)嵁闇瑕佸姩鎬佸紑鍏籌紝灝變笉瑕佷慨鏀歸厤緗枃浠訛紝鑰屾槸閫氳繃鎶婅鏂囦歡璁劇疆鎴愪氦鎹㈠尯鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆傜劧鍚庡湪/etc/fastab鐨勯厤緗枃浠朵腑淇敼閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鍔犱竴琛?/var/swap/file.swap swap swap defults 0 0 榪欐牱緋葷粺寮鏈哄氨浼?xì)鑷姩鍔犺浇杩欎釜swap鏂囦歡錛屽氨浣垮緱璇ユ枃浠舵垚鍔熸案涔呭彉鎴愪簡(jiǎn)swap鍒嗗尯鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆傚綋鐒跺鏋滀笉鎯寵繖涓枃浠舵案涔呮垚涓簊wap鍒嗗尯鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎錛岃屾槸鎯沖姩鎬佺殑鏍規(guī)嵁闇姹傛潵娣誨姞swap鍒嗗尯錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?span style="color: red">swapon /var/swap/file.swap 鎴杝wapoff鏉ュ鏂囦歡榪涜寮鍏熾?br />
榪嘾d /dev/zero zerofile bs=1024k count=102400 鐨勫懡浠ゅ垱寤轟竴涓?00G鐨勬枃浠訛紝閭ｄ箞寰堟湁鍙?/p>
鑳藉氨浼?xì)鎶娋p葷粺鐩綍鍒嗗尯鑳婊★紝榪欐牱璁稿涓存椂鏂囦歡閮芥病娉曞垱寤轟簡(jiǎn)錛屽鑷撮噸鏂板紩瀵煎け璐ャ傚緱鐭ュ悗鏋滃叾 瀹炴槸寰堜弗閲嶇殑錛岄偅涔堝叾涓竴涓В鍐寵繖涓棶棰樼殑鏂規(guī)硶灝辨槸緇欑敤鎴風(fēng)殑鍒嗗尯榪涜紓佺洏閰嶉闄愬埗銆?br />(1)寮鍚垎鍖虹鐩橀厤棰濆姛鑳?br /> 寮鍚殑鏂規(guī)硶鏄湪/etc/fstab鏂囦歡涓紝鍦ㄦ寕杞藉睘鎬т笂鍔犱笂鏍囧織usrquota(鐢ㄦ埛閰嶉),褰撶劧瑕佽寰楅噸鍚慨鏀圭殑閰嶇疆鎵嶇敓鏁堬紒 嫻嬫墍鏈夌殑緋葷粺鍒嗗尯 (3)鍚敤閰嶉鍔熻兘 (4)緙栬緫鐢ㄦ埛閰嶉淇℃伅
鍥涖佺鐩橀厤棰?/strong>
璇曟兂錛屽鏋滀竴涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀹夸富鐩綍鍜岀郴緇熺洰褰曟槸鍦ㄤ竴涓垎鍖轟腑錛岄偅涔堢敤鎴峰湪鑷繁鐨勫涓葷洰褰曢?/p>
(2)寤虹珛閰嶉鏁版嵁搴?br /> 浣跨敤quotacheck -cvuga 鍛戒護(hù)浼?xì)鑷姩鐢熸垚aquita.user鍜宎quita.group涓や釜鏂囦歡(榪欐槸鐢ㄤ簬瀵硅鍒嗗尯榪涜閰嶉綆＄悊鐨勬枃浠?銆?br />1.quotacheck
-c 鍒涘緩 錛?v 鍒涘緩榪囩▼鏄劇ず淇℃伅錛?u琛ㄧず鍒涘緩鐢ㄦ埛閰嶉鏂囦歡錛?g琛ㄧず鍒涘緩緇勯厤棰濇枃浠訛紝-a琛ㄧず媯(gè)
濡傛灉涓嶆槸媯(gè)嫻嬫墍鏈夌殑緋葷粺鍖哄氨鎶?a鍘繪帀鍔犱笂闇瑕佹嫻嬬殑鍒嗗尯 quotacheck -cvu /web
1.quotaon 鍒嗗尯鍚嶇О 寮鍚?br />2.quotaoff 鍒嗗尯鍚嶇О 鍏抽棴
浣跨敤edquota 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?灝卞彲浠ヨ繘鍏ユ潵緙栬緫璇ョ敤鎴風(fēng)殑閰嶉淇℃伅銆俥dquota mysileng鍙互鐪嬪埌鍥犱負(fù)鎴戜滑寮鍚簡(jiǎn)涓涓垎鍖虹殑閰嶉鍔熻兘鎵浠ラ厤緗枃浠墮噷闈㈡湁浜?jiǎn)涓琛屻?br />
榪欏氨鏄痬ysileng鐢ㄦ埛鐨勯厤棰濆垎閰嶉〉錛屽洜涓烘垜浠彧寮鍚簡(jiǎn)涓涓厤棰濆垎鍖哄姛鑳斤紝閭ｄ箞灝卞彧鏈変竴琛屼俊鎭俧ilessystem灝辨槸鍒嗗尯錛宐locks鏄潡鍗曚綅鏄?k,soft鏄蔣鎬ч檺鍒訛紝hard鏄‖鎬ч檺鍒躲傝蔣鎬ч檺鍒舵槸鍦ㄨ秴鍑洪檺鍒跺悗浼?xì)缁欏國(guó)櫗﹀憡锛岒q跺湪7澶╀箣鍐呭垹闄よ秴鍑虹殑閮ㄥ垎銆傜‖鎬ч檺鍒舵槸鍦ㄨ秴鍑烘椂鍊欑粰浜堥敊璇殑鎻愮ず銆俰node涓巄locks綾諱技錛屽彧鏄檺鍒秈node鑺傜偣鏁拌屼笉鏄ぇ灝忋?br />
鎴戜滑鎶奲lock鐨刪ard鏀規(guī)垚100M鍗?02400鍗沖彲銆備繚瀛橀鍑哄氨鍙互浜?jiǎn)銆傜劧鍚庨氳繃repquota -a鍙互鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夌敤鎴風(fēng)殑閰嶉淇℃伅錛?span style="color: red; ">repquota 鍒嗗尯鍙互鏌ョ湅璇ュ垎鍖洪厤棰濅俊鎭?span style="color: red; ">quota 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?/span>鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛閰嶉淇℃伅銆?span style="color: red; ">edquota -t 璁劇疆soft鐨勫闄愭湡銆?edquota -p 妯℃澘鐢ㄦ埛 澶嶅埗鐢ㄦ埛1 澶嶅埗鐢ㄦ埛2 灝卞彲浠ユ妸妯℃澘鐢ㄦ埛鐨勯厤棰濅俊鎭鍒剁粰澶嶅埗鐢ㄦ埛銆?br />
]]>
涓銆佽繘紼嬬鐞嗗懡浠?/strong>
1.w 鏌ョ湅鍚勭敤鎴蜂俊鎭?br />
load average鍚庨潰涓変釜鍊煎垎鍒〃紺虹郴緇熷湪1銆?銆?5鍒嗛挓鏃剁殑璐熻澆鎯呭喌
tty琛ㄧず鐢ㄦ埛浠庝粈涔堢粓绔櫥褰曪紝tty1琛ㄧず鏈湴絎竴涓粓绔紝pts琛ㄧず榪滅▼緇堢
from涓鏋滄槸錛?琛ㄧずxwindow涓嬪惎鐢ㄧ殑timinal
idle 琛ㄧず緋葷粺絀洪棽鏃墮棿
jcpu琛ㄧず璇ョ敤鎴峰惎鍔ㄦ椂鎵鏈夌浉鍏寵繘紼嬫墽琛屾椂娑堣楃殑鏃墮棿
pcpu錛氱敤鎴鋒鍦ㄦ墽琛岀殑紼嬪簭鑰楄垂鐨勬椂闂?br /> what錛氱敤鎴鋒鍦ㄦ墽琛岀殑鎿嶄綔
2.ps 榪涚▼鐘舵佹煡鐪嬪懡浠?br />
鐩存帴ps鏌ョ湅闅跺睘浜庤嚜宸辯殑榪涚▼淇℃伅
ps -l鎴杙s -u鏌ョ湅闅跺睘浜庤嚜宸辮繘紼嬬殑璇︾粏淇℃伅
ps -le鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夌敤鎴鋒墽琛岃繘紼嬬殑璇︽儏淇℃伅
ps -uU 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?鏌ョ湅鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮繘紼嬩俊鎭?ps -le | grep 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?
uid:璇ヨ繘紼嬫槸鐢卞摢涓敤鎴峰惎鍔ㄧ殑
pid錛氳繘紼婭D PPid鏄埗榪涚▼鍙?br /> tty錛氳繘紼嬪惎鍔ㄧ殑緇堢
stat:榪涚▼褰撳墠鐘舵?s浼戠湢錛宒涓嶅彲涓柇浼戠湢,z鍍墊,t鍋滄,r榪愯)
NI:浼樺厛綰?br /> time:榪涚▼鑷惎鍔ㄤ互鏉ュ惎鐢╟pu鐨勬繪椂闂?br /> command/cmd:榪涚▼鍛戒護(hù)鍚?br />
3.pstree 浠ユ爲(wèi)鐘剁粨鏋勬煡鐪嬭繘紼?br />
4.kill 鍏抽棴榪涚▼
鐩存帴kill 榪涚▼鍙?鍙互鐩存帴鍏抽棴榪涚▼
kill -l 鏌ョ湅kill鎵鏈夌殑淇″彿(kill -9 pid寮鴻鍏抽棴,kill -1 pid閲嶅惎榪涚▼)
xkill鍏抽棴鍥懼艦紼嬪簭
killall 榪涚▼鍚?pid)鍏抽棴鎵鏈夌浉鍏寵繘紼?br />
5.pgrep 榪涚▼鍚?/span> 鏌ョ湅榪涚▼鍙?br /> /proc鐩綍鏄竴涓櫄鎷熺殑鏂囦歡鐩綍錛屽畠鍏跺疄騫朵笉鏄湪澶栧瓨?shù)笂锛堜篃灏辨槸纭洏?shù)笂錛夛紝鑰屾槸鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹(shù)腑銆傛瘡嬈″惎鍔ㄦ搷浣滅郴緇熼兘鍔ㄦ佺殑鐢熸垚銆傞噷闈㈤兘鏄弿榪拌繘紼嬬浉鍏崇殑淇℃伅銆?br />
6.pkill 榪涚▼鍚?/span> 鍙氳繃榪涚▼鍚嶇粨鏉熻繘紼?br />
7.nice涓巖enice 璁劇疆榪涚▼浼樺厛綰т笌鏀瑰彉姝ｅ湪榪愯榪涚▼浼樺厛綰?br /> 浼樺厛綰х殑鍙栧艱寖鍥存槸(-20,19),浼樺厛綰х殑鍊艱秺灝忥紝浼樺厛綰у氨瓚婇珮
鏍煎紡:nice -num command 涓巖enice -num pid
8.nohup
9.榪涚▼鐨勬寕璧峰拰鎭㈠
榪涚▼鎸傝搗 ctrl+z
榪涚▼緇堟 ctrl+c
鏌ョ湅琚寕璧風(fēng)殑榪涚▼鎴栬呭悗鍙拌繘紼?jobs
鎸傝搗榪涚▼鎭㈠鍒板墠鍙扮戶緇繍琛?fg num(榪欎釜num灝辨槸jobs鏌ョ湅鏃跺墠闈㈤偅涓簭鍙?
鎸傝搗榪涚▼鎭㈠鍒板悗鍙扮戶緇繍琛?bg num
10.top 榪涚▼鐘舵佹樉紺轟笌榪涚▼鎺у埗(榛樿5縐掑姩鎬佽窡鏂頒竴嬈?
鍦╰op榪愯鏃舵寜d:鎸囧畾鍒鋒柊鐨勬椂闂撮棿闅?br />
浜屻佽鍒掍換鍔?/strong>
閭ｉ鍏堝氨鏄負(fù)浠涔堣鏈夎鍒掍換鍔★紵鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾寰堝鏃跺欐煇浜涚壒瀹氱殑浠誨姟騫朵笉鏄疄鏃跺幓鍋氱殑錛屾湁鏃跺欐槸鍦ㄧ壒瀹氭椂孌碉紝姣斿娣卞鐨勬煇浜涙椂鍊欐潵鎵ц鏌愭鐗瑰畾鐨勪換鍔°傚浐璁″垝浠誨姟搴旇繍鑰岀敓銆?br /> 璁″垝浠誨姟涓鑸垎涓轟竴嬈℃ц鍒掍換鍔″拰鍛ㄦ湡鎬ц鍒掍換鍔′袱縐嶃傞鍏堟潵璋堢涓縐嶇殑涓嬈℃ц鍒掍換鍔°備竴嬈℃ц鍒掍換鍔℃湁涓や釜闇瑕佹帉鎻＄殑鍛戒護(hù)at鍜宐atch銆?br />1.at 瀹夋帓涓涓垨澶氫釜鍛戒護(hù)鍦ㄧ壒瀹氭椂闂翠笅榪愯涓嬈?br />(1)鍛戒護(hù)鏃墮棿鐨勬寚瀹氭柟娉?br /> 緇濆璁℃椂娉?---- hh:mm MM/DD/YY
鐩稿璁℃椂娉?---- now +n minutes(hours days)
(2)鎸囧畾涓涓懡浠ゆ垨澶氫釜鍛戒護(hù)鐨勮鍒掍換鍔℃墽琛?br />I.鎵цat 鏃墮棿浠ュ悗浼?xì)杩涘叆at鍛戒護(hù)琛?杈撳叆鍛戒護(hù)鐨勭粷瀵硅礬寰?瀹夊叏)銆傝緭鍏ュ畬涓鏉″懡浠ょ劧鍚庢寜鍥炲煄鎺ョ潃絎簩鏉″懡浠わ紝鏈鍚庨兘杈撳叆瀹屾瘯浠ュ悗鎸?span style="color: red">ctrl+d灝變繚瀛樹(shù)簡(jiǎn)銆?br />
II.褰撲換鍔℃瘮杈冨鏉傜殑鏃跺欙紝閫氬父浣跨敤鑴氭湰鐨勬柟寮忔潵鎵ц銆傚亣璁劇敓鎴愪竴涓剼鏈枃浠禷t.scripte銆傞偅涔堥氳繃at -f 鏂囦歡鍚?鏃墮棿灝卞彲浠ユ寚瀹氥?br />
(3)at -l 鏌ョ湅闃熷垪涓殑浠誨姟 at -d 搴忓彿 鍒犻櫎璁″垝浠誨姟
鍏朵腑a鏄〃紺篴ctive,絎竴涓暟瀛楄〃紺轟換鍔＄殑搴忓彿
閫氳繃at -d 搴忓彿鏉ュ垹闄よ鍒掍換鍔°傚啓瀹岀殑璁″垝浠誨姟鏄瓨鏀懼湪/var/spool/at鐩綍閲岀殑銆?br />
(4)at鐨勯厤緗枃浠?br /> 騫朵笉root鎵嶈兘浣跨敤at錛岃繖閲屾湁涓や釜鏂囦歡涓涓槸/etc/at.allow錛屼竴涓槸/etc/at.deny銆傚鏋滃彧鏈?etc/at.deny瀛樺湪錛岄偅涔堣鏂囦歡涓垪鍑虹殑鐢ㄦ埛涓嶈兘浣跨敤at銆傚鏋滃彧鏈?etc/at.allow瀛樺湪錛岄偅涔堝彧鏈夎鏂囦歡涓垪鍑虹殑鐢ㄦ埛鑳戒嬌鐢╝t銆傚鏋滀袱涓枃浠墮兘瀛樺湪涓斾負(fù)絀猴紝閭ｄ箞鎵鏈夌敤鎴烽兘鍙互浣跨敤at銆傚鏋滀袱涓枃浠墮兘涓嶅瓨鍦ㄩ偅涔堝彧鏈塺oot鎵嶅彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╝t銆?br />
2.batch 瀹夋帓涓涓垨澶氫釜鍛戒護(hù)鍦ㄧ郴緇熻礋杞芥暀杞繪椂鎵ц涓嬈?br />鐢ㄦ硶鍚宎t,涓鑸礋杞藉湪0.8浠ヤ笅涓鴻緝杞?w鍙煡鐪嬭礋杞?
3.crontab 鍛ㄦ湡鎬ц鍒掍換鍔″懡浠?鐢ㄤ簬鐢熸垚cron榪涚▼鎵闇鐨刢rontab鏂囦歡
(1)conttab鏃墮棿鏍煎紡
鍒嗛挓 灝忔椂 澶?鏈?鏄熸湡 鍛戒護(hù)/鑴氭湰
minute hour dayofmonth monthfoyear dayofweek commands
鍙鎶婄煡閬撶殑鍏蜂綋鏃墮棿娣諱笂錛屼笉鐭ラ亾鐨勭敤*娣諱笂鍗沖彲銆?br /> 姣斿錛?br /> 姣忓ぉ鍑屾櫒4鐐瑰浠?0 4 * * * barkup.scrip
1鍒?鏈堟瘡鍛?鍛?涓嬪崍6鐐瑰浠?0 18 * 1-3 2,5 barkup.scrip
涓崍12-14鐐?span style="color: red">姣忛殧2鍒嗛挓鎵ц鎿嶄綔 */2 12-14 * * * 鎿嶄綔
(2)crontab -e 榪涘叆鏂囦歡緙栬緫鍛ㄦ湡鎬ц鍒掍換鍔?br /> 鐩存帴crontab 榪涘叆鍛戒護(hù)鐣岄潰杈撳叆浠誨姟
鍛ㄦ湡鎬ц鍒掍換鍔￠兘瀛樻斁鍦?var/spool/cron鐩綍涓嬨?br />
(3)/etc/crontab閰嶇疆鏂囦歡 /etc/cron.allow /etc/cron.deny
璇ラ厤緗枃浠惰緗殑crontab鐨勪竴浜涚幆澧冨彉閲忎互鍙?qiáng)绯痪l熶竴浜涢粯璁ゅ浐瀹氱殑鍛ㄦ湡璁″垝浠誨姟銆?etc/cron.allow涓?etc/cron.deny鐨勭敤娉曚笌at鍛戒護(hù)綾諱技銆?/div>
]]>
涓銆佺敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠?br />
涓婂浘灝辨槸鎴戜滑闇瑕佹帉鎻＄殑涓浜涢厤緗枃浠訛紝涓嬮潰鎴戜滑涓涓鏉ヨВ璇伙細(xì)
(1)/etc/passwd 鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅鏂囦歡
鍦ㄥ涔?fàn)杩欎釜閰嵕|枃浠剁殑鏃跺欙紝鎴戜滑鍙互閫氳繃man 5 passwd鏉ユ煡鐪嬩笅榪欎釜閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勫府鍔╋紝鍏朵腑鍙傛暟5鏄敤鏉ュ尯鍒嗗懡浠や笌閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勩備粠甯姪鏂囨。涓彲浠ョ湅鍒拌繖涓厤緗枃浠剁殑姣忎竴琛岀殑涓涓粺涓鏍煎紡錛?br />
鐒跺悗鎴戜滑more 涓涓嬭繖涓厤緗枃浠訛紝
鐪嬪埌榪欎釜涓巑an寰楀埌鐨勬牸寮忔槸鍖歸厤鐨勶紝榪欐牱鎴戜滑灝變竴涓竴涓紕娓呮瘡涓浣嶇殑浣滅敤銆?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/passwdinfo.jpg" width="788" height="419" />
1.鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶄笌UID
linux鐢ㄦ埛綾誨瀷鍒嗕負(fù)涓夌錛氳秴綰х敤鎴?UID=0),浼敤鎴?UID=1-499),鏅氱敤鎴?UID=500-60000)銆傚彲浠ョ湅鍒伴氳繃鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅拰鐢ㄦ埛鐨刄ID灝卞彲浠ョ‘璁や竴涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑綾誨瀷銆俽oot鐢ㄦ埛姝ｆ槸鍥犱負(fù)鍏禪ID涓?錛屾墠鑾峰緱浜?jiǎn)瓒吘Uх敤鎴風(fēng)殑鏉冮檺錛屽樿嫢浣犳妸浣犺嚜宸辨坊鍔犵殑鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)殑UID涔熸敼涓?錛岄偅渚垮悓鏍鋒嫢鏈夌殑瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬潈闄愩?br /> 閭ｄ吉鐢ㄦ埛浠涔堝憿錛熷叾瀹炶繖浜涚敤鎴鋒槸騫朵笉鑳藉疄闄呯櫥闄嗙殑銆備吉鐢ㄦ埛鏈夊涓嬬壒寰?
鎬諱箣錛屼吉鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫嚭鐜版槸涓轟簡(jiǎn)瀹夊叏錛岄槻姝㈠潖浜哄湪鑾峰緱鏌愪簺紼嬪簭鎴栬呮湇鍔＄殑鎺у埗鏉冧互鍚庛傝繘琛岀牬鍧忥紝鎵浠ョ粰浜?jiǎn)涓涓壒孌婄殑鐢ㄦ埛銆傝屾渶鍚庣殑鏅氱敤鎴鳳紝灝辨槸浣犺嚜宸辨坊鍔犵殑鐢ㄦ埛浜?jiǎn)銆?br />
2.瀵嗙爜
瀵嗙爜寰堢畝鍗曪紝榪欓噷鍏跺疄騫朵笉鏄湡姝ｇ殑瀵嗙爜錛屽彧鏄竴涓瘑鐮佷綅銆傚叾瀹炶繖閲屾湰鏉ユ槸瀵嗙爜鐨勶紝鍙笉榪囧悗鏉ヨ杞Щ鍒板叾浠栫殑鍦版柟鍘諱簡(jiǎn)(杞Щ鍒?etc/shadow)銆傚綋鐒舵垜浠篃鍙互鎶婂瘑鐮佺Щ鍥炴潵錛岄氳繃pwunconv涓巔wconv瀹炵幇浜掓搷浣溿?br />
鍙互鐪嬪埌瀵嗙爜鍏跺疄鏄md5綆楁硶鍔犲瘑榪囩殑瀵嗘枃錛屽茍涓嶆槸鏄庢枃(md5sum)
3.GID 鐢ㄦ埛緇処D
鐢ㄦ埛緇勬槸璁稿鐢ㄦ埛鐨勯泦鍚堛傛坊鍔犱竴涓柊鐢ㄦ埛錛屽繀欏葷粰浜堣繖涓敤鎴蜂竴涓敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛屼竴鑸琹inux緇欐柊鐢ㄦ埛鍒嗛厤緇勬湁涓ょ絳栫暐錛氳涔堟槸緇欐墍鏈夋柊鐢ㄦ埛榛樿鍒嗛厤涓涓粺涓鐨勭粍錛岃涔堝垱寤轟竴涓笌鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶆兂鍚屽悕瀛楃殑鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紝璁╄鐢ㄦ埛鎴愪負(fù)鏀圭粍鎴愬憳銆俢entOS灝辨槸鐢ㄧ殑鍚庝竴縐嶃?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/gid.jpg" width="750" height="207" />
4.娉ㄩ噴鎬ф弿榪?瀹夸富鐩綍 鍛戒護(hù)瑙ｉ噴鍣?(鐣?
(2)/etc/shadow 鐢ㄦ埛瀵嗙爜鏂囦歡
鍚屾牱man 5 shadow鑾峰緱鏍煎紡璇存槑:
1.鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅拰瀵嗙爜
榪欎釜鏂囦歡灝辨槸淇濆瓨鐢ㄦ埛鐪熸瀵嗙爜鐨勬枃浠訛紝濡傛灉鎶婅繖涓厤緗枃浠剁殑鏌愪簺鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮佸垹鎺夛紝(ps:鏅氱敤鎴峰榪欎釜閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏄病鏈墂鏉冮檺鐨勶紝鍙湁鐢╮oot鐢ㄦ埛淇敼)錛岄偅涔堣繖浜涚敤鎴鋒棤闇瀵嗙爜灝卞彲浠ョ櫥褰曠郴緇熴?br />
2.鏈鍚庝竴嬈′慨鏀規(guī)椂闂?br /> 榪欎釜鏄綆椾慨鏀瑰瘑鐮佺殑閭ｅぉ涓?970.1.1鐩稿樊鐨勫ぉ鏁?br />
3.鏈灝忔椂闂撮棿闅斿拰鏈澶ф椂闂撮棿闅斻佽鍛婃椂闂?br /> 鏈灝忔椂闂撮棿闅旇緗殑鏄袱嬈℃洿鏀瑰瘑鐮佺殑鏈灝忔椂闂撮棿闅?0鏄笉闄愬畾)銆傛渶澶х殑鏃墮棿闂撮殧灝辨槸濡傛灉鍦ㄨ繖涓椂闂翠箣鍐呬笉鏀瑰瘑鐮佸皢鏃犳硶鐧婚檰緋葷粺銆傚綋鐒舵垜浠笉鍙兘鍘昏綆楄繕宸灝戝ぉ灝辮鏇存敼瀵嗙爜浜?jiǎn)锛屾墍浠ラ氳繃璀﹀憡鏃墮棿鏉ュ憡鐭ョ敤鎴鳳紝璺濈鏈澶ф椂闂撮棿闅旇繕宸灝戝ぉ銆?br />
4.璐﹀彿闂茬疆鏃墮棿銆佸け鏁堟椂闂淬佹爣蹇?(鐣?
(3)/etc/skel 鏂扮敤鎴烽厤緗枃浠剁洰褰?br /> 榪欎釜鐩綍涓紝鍏ㄦ槸闅愯棌鐨勬枃浠訛紝澶ч兘鏄敤鏉ョ粰鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍鏃跺欎嬌鐢ㄧ殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛屽鏋滀綘鏂版坊鍔犱竴涓敤鎴鳳紝緋葷粺浼?xì)鎶婅鐩綍涓殑鏂囦欢鎷疯礉鍒扮敤鎴烽粯璁ょ殑瀹夸溉潧綍涓幓锛屼互甯姪鏂版氛d姞鐨勭敤鎴鋒鍚庣櫥褰曠郴緇熴?br />
(4)/etc/login.defs涓?etc/useradd 鐢ㄦ埛榛樿閰嶇疆鏂囦歡
閫氳繃鏌ョ湅榪欎袱涓枃浠訛紝鎴戜滑鍙戠幇錛岃繖鍏朵腑鎻忚堪鐨勬槸鍏充簬/etc/passwd銆?etc/shadow涓粯璁ら厤緗殑鍐呭璁懼畾銆備篃灝辨槸璇?etc/passwd銆?etc/shadow銆佽繕鏈夌櫥褰曠殑緙虹渷淇℃伅鏄摢閲屾潵鐨勫憿錛熷氨鏄粠榪欎袱涓枃浠舵潵鐨勩傛垜浠彲浠ラ氳繃淇敼榪欎袱涓枃浠墮噷闈㈢殑鍐呭鏉ヤ慨鏀逛竴浜涢粯璁ょ殑璁劇疆銆?br />
(5)/etc/issue鍜?etc/motd
榪欎袱涓枃浠舵槸鐢ㄦ潵璁劇疆姣忔棩娑堟伅鐨勶紝浣嗘湁浠涔堜笉鍚屽憿錛熼氳繃涓涓緥瀛愭潵璇存槑銆傞鍏堜慨鏀逛袱涓枃浠墮噷鐨勫唴瀹廣?br />
鍙互鐪嬪埌鏁堟灉錛宨ssue鐨勬瘡鏃ユ秷鎭紝鏄湪鐢ㄦ埛灝氭湭鎴愬姛鐧誨綍緋葷粺鏃跺欐椂鍊欏氨浼?xì)鏄窘C虹殑銆傝宮otd涓殑娑堟伅鏄湪鎴愬姛鐧誨綍緋葷粺浠ュ悗鎵嶄細(xì)鏄劇ず銆?br />
(6)鎵嬪姩娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛涓撻
鍦ㄦ垜浠坊鍔犵敤鎴鋒椂鍊?span>錛屾渶甯哥敤鐨勬柟娉曞氨鏄嬌鐢?/span>useradd 鐢?/span>鎴峰悕 娣誨姞涓涓敤鎴鳳紝鐒跺悗鍐嶇敤passwd 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?緇欒鐢ㄦ埛璁劇疆瀵嗙爜銆備絾鏄痷seradd鎸囦護(hù)鐨勫師鐞嗘槸浠涔堬紝鑳屽悗鍒板簳鍋氫簡(jiǎn)浠涔堜簨鎯呭憿錛熶粖澶╂垜浠氨鎵嬪姩鏉ユ坊鍔犱互涓嬬敤鎴鳳細(xì)
1.鍦?etc/passwd閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓坊鍔犵敤鎴?br />
2.鍦?etc/shadow閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓坊鍔犵敤鎴?br />
3.鍒涘緩瀹夸富鐩綍(鍒涘緩鐨勫涓葷洰褰曪紝蹇樿鏇存敼鎵鏈夎呬簡(jiǎn)銆傘傦紒鍥э紒)
4.鎶?etc/skel鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦歡鎷瘋礉鍒板涓葷洰褰曚腑
(7)鏅氱敤鎴峰浣曟敼瀵嗙爜
閫氳繃ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow 鏌ョ湅榪欎袱涓厤緗枃浠訛紝鎴戜滑鍙互鐪?br />
鍒幫紝瀵逛簬鏅氱敤鎴穙thers鏄病鏈変慨鏀規(guī)潈闄怶鐨勩傞偅涓轟粈涔堟櫘閫氱敤鎴瘋兘澶熶慨鏀瑰瘑鐮佸憿錛?br /> 鍏跺疄鍘熷洜鍦ㄤ簬鐢ㄦ埛鏀瑰瘑鐮佺殑鍛戒護(hù)passwd,鎴戜滑鏌ョ湅涓媝asswd
鍙互鐪嬪埌鍦ㄨ繖涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑鏉冮檺涓紝鏈変竴涓猻鏍囪錛岃繖涓嶅悓浜庢垜浠互寰璁よ瘑鐨勶紝鏂囦歡鍙湁rwx榪欎笁縐嶆潈闄愶紝閭鍒板簳鏄粈涔堟剰鎬濆憿錛熷叾瀹炴垜浠妸s縐頒綔涓篠etUID銆?br />
SetUID鍙兘鏄拡瀵規(guī)枃浠訛紝閽堝鐩綍鏃犳晥銆傛崲鍙ヨ瘽璇達(dá)紝passwd鐨勬嫢鏈夎呮槸root錛岄偅涔堜互鍚庡叾浠栫敤鎴峰湪鎵цpasswd榪欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浼?xì)绐佺?絀胯秺鏃剁┖"涓存椂鎬х殑鍙樻垚root鐢ㄦ埛錛岃繖鏍峰氨鍙互淇敼瀵嗙爜浜?jiǎn)銆傞偅鎴戜滑鎬庝箞緇欐枃浠惰緗甋etUID鐨勬潈闄愬憿錛熻鐭ラ亾闄や簡(jiǎn)SetUID榪樻湁SetGID,鍔熻兘綾諱技錛屽彧涓嶈繃閽堝鐢ㄦ埛緇勩傞偅涔圫etUID鐨勫懡浠ゆ槸,chmod 4xxx 鎴栬卌hmod u+s銆係etGID鏄痗hmod 2xxx鎴栬卌hmod g+s銆備笅闈㈡垜鏉ュ仛涓涓疄楠岋細(xì)
鍙互鐪嬪埌鎴戠粰touch鍛戒護(hù)浜?jiǎn)setUID鏉冮檺錛岀劧鍚庡啀鍒囨崲鐢ㄦ埛鍒癿ysileng錛岄氳繃mysileng鐢ㄦ埛鍒涘緩浜?jiǎn)涓涓枃浠訛紝浣嗘槸鎴戜滑鍙戠幇錛屽垱寤烘枃浠剁殑owner鍗蟲(chóng)嫢鏈夎呮槸root鑰屼笉鏄痬ysileng鐢ㄦ埛錛岃繖灝辮瘉鏄庝簡(jiǎn)setUID鐨勫姛鑳姐傚叾瀹濻etUID鏄緢鍗遍櫓鐨勶紝鍋囪嫢鏈夊潖浜虹粰VI鎺堜簣浜?jiǎn)SetUID錛岄偅涓嶆槸錛熴傘傘傘傘傛亹鎬栥傘傘倊~
涓轟簡(jiǎn)瀹夊叏錛屾垜浠彲浠ュ畾鏃跺鎵鏈?/span>鐨勬枃浠朵腑鎷ユ湁SetUID鎴?/span>鑰匰etGID鐨勬枃浠惰繘琛屾煡鎵撅紝鐪嬫湁浠涔?/span>鍙樺寲銆傚懡浠ゆ槸find / -perm -4000 -o -2000銆?浠ｈ〃鐨勬槸涓嶉檺鍒躲?br /> 鎴戜滑閫氳繃umask鍙互鏌ョ湅鍒扮己鐪佹渶楂樹(shù)綅鏄?錛岃繖涓浣嶉櫎浜?jiǎn)鍙互鏄?錛屾垨鑰?涔嬪錛屽彲浠ヨ緗負(fù)1銆傞偅鏄繖浠涔堝姛鑳藉憿錛熶竴鑸垜浠彨鐫榛忕潃浣嶃傞粡鐫浣嶇敤t鏉ヨ〃紺猴紝榪欎釜鍔熻兘鍙兘閽堝鐩綍鏉ヨ緗紝騫朵笖鏄拡瀵規(guī)潈闄愪腑鐨刼hters鐢ㄦ埛錛岃屼笖榪欎釜鐩綍鏉冮檺涓瀹氭槸777(rwx)銆傛湰鏉ュ湪娌℃湁榛忕潃浣嶇殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝濡傛灉涓涓洰褰昽hters鐨勬潈闄愭槸鏄?77錛岄偅涔堟墍鏈夋櫘閫氱敤鎴峰彲浠ュ湪榪欎釜鏂囦歡澶逛腑浠繪剰鍒涘緩鏂囦歡鐒跺悗浠繪剰鍒犻櫎鏂囦歡銆?br /> 浣嗘槸鍦ㄨ緗簡(jiǎn)榛忕潃浣嶄互鍚庯紝鐢ㄦ埛浠湪璇ユ枃浠跺す涓紝鍙兘鍒犻櫎鑷繁鍒涘緩鐨勬枃浠朵簡(jiǎn)銆備笅闈㈠仛涓涓疄楠岋細(xì)
(8)/etc/group涓?etc/gshadow 鐢ㄦ埛緇勯厤緗枃浠朵笌鐢ㄦ埛緇勫瘑鐮佹枃浠?br /> 鍩烘湰涓婁笌passwd鍜宻hadow鏂囦歡鐨勫姛鑳界被浼鹼紝浠ヤ笅鏄叿浣撴牸寮忚В閲婏細(xì)
浜屻佺敤鎴蜂笌鐢ㄦ埛緇勭鐞嗗懡浠?/strong>
(1)鐢ㄦ埛綆＄悊鍛戒護(hù)
1.娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛
2.淇敼鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅
usermod -l 鏂扮敤鎴峰悕 -d 鏂扮殑瀹夸富鐩綍 -g 鐢ㄦ埛緇?br /> -l鏄洿鏀圭敤鎴峰悕錛?d鏄粰鏇存敼瀹夸富鐩綍錛?g鏄垎閰嶇敤鎴風(fēng)粍
usermod -G 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?鐢ㄦ埛緇? 鐢ㄦ埛緇?...
-G鎶婄敤鎴鋒坊鍔犲埌澶氫釜緇勪綔鐢?br />3.鍒犻櫎鐢ㄦ埛
userdel -r 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?br /> -r鏄垹闄ゅ涓葷洰褰?br /> 濡傛灉鎯蟲(chóng)墜鍔ㄥ垹闄や竴涓敤鎴鳳細(xì)棣栧厛鍒犻櫎/etc/passwd銆?etc/shadow涓殑鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅錛岀劧鍚庡啀/etc/group涓?etc/gshadow涓篃鍒犻櫎鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅錛岀劧鍚庡垹闄ゅ涓葷洰褰曪紝鍐嶉氳繃find / -user 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?-ok rm {}\;鍒犻櫎浠ヨ鐢ㄦ埛鏄痮nwer鐨勬枃浠躲?br />4.鍏朵粬鍛戒護(hù)
pwch 鍙互媯(gè)鏌ユ枃浠剁殑鏍煎紡閿欒
vipw涓巚i passwd鐨勪笉鍚屼箣澶勫湪浜庯紝鍙互閿佸畾鏂囦歡錛岄伩鍏嶅啓娣蜂貢銆?br />su 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?涓?su -鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶇殑涓嶅悓涔嬪鍦ㄤ簬錛屾敼鍙樼敤鎴鋒槸鍚︿篃璺熺潃鏀瑰彉鐜涓婁笅鏂囥?/span>
(2)鐢ㄦ埛緇勭鐞嗗懡浠?br />1.娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛緇?br /> groupadd -g gid 緇勫悕
2.鍒犻櫎鐢ㄦ埛緇?br /> groupdel 緇勫悕
3.淇敼鐢ㄦ埛緇勪俊鎭?br /> groupmod -n namm 緇勫悕 //淇敼緇勫悕
4.鐢ㄦ埛緇勫瘑鐮佷慨鏀瑰懡浠?br /> 鐩存帴gpasswd 鐢ㄦ埛緇勫悕灝卞彲浠ヨ緗拰鏇存敼緇勫瘑鐮?br />
5.鍏朵粬鍛戒護(hù)
涓夈佹壒閲忔坊鍔犵敤鎴?/strong>
浠嬬粛涓ょ鏂規(guī)硶鎵歸噺娣誨姞:鎵嬪姩鎵歸噺娣誨姞錛宻hell鑴氭湰鎵歸噺娣誨姞銆傜幇鍦ㄥ彧璁插墠涓縐嶏紝鍚庝竴寮犲湪shell鑴氭湰绔犺妭鍐嶈銆傞偅鎵嬪姩鎵歸噺娣誨姞鐨勬楠ゆ槸錛?br />1.閫氳繃vi鎾板啓鎵闇瑕佹坊鍔犵殑鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅鏂囦歡錛屾牸寮忎笌passwd綾諱技(鍋囪涓簎ser.info)
2.閫氳繃newusers瀵煎叆闇瑕佹坊鍔犵殑鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅鏂囦歡:newusers < user.info
3.鍐嶉氳繃pwunconv鍙栨秷shadow鏂囦歡錛屽茍鍐欎竴涓叧浜庣敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀵嗙爜鏂囦歡錛屽亣璁句負(fù)pass.info銆傛牸寮忎負(fù):鏂版坊鍔犵殑鐢ㄦ埛鍚?鐢ㄦ埛瀵嗙爜
4.閫氳繃chpasswd鍛戒護(hù)瀵煎叆鏂版坊鍔犵敤鎴風(fēng)殑瀵嗙爜:chpasswd < pass.info
5.鏈鍚庤皟鐢╬wconv閲嶆柊鐢熸垚shadow鏂囦歡鍗沖彲銆?br />
鍥涖佺敤鎴鋒巿鏉?/strong>
緇欑敤鎴鋒巿鏉冩槸寰堥噸瑕佺殑銆傞氬父鎴戜滑浣跨敤瀵圭敤鎴風(fēng)粍鐨勫閥濡欏垎閰嶅彲浠ヨ揪鍒版煇浜涙巿鏉冪殑鐩殑錛屾瘮濡傜幇鍦ㄦ湁涓涓渶姹傦細(xì)su鍛戒護(hù)鏄敤鏉ュ垏鎹㈢敤鎴風(fēng)殑錛屽亣鑻ユ櫘閫氱敤鎴峰ぉ澶╂病浜嬪氨鍒囨崲root鐢ㄦ埛錛岄偅涔堜笉鏄棭鏅氫竴澶╄兘琚寽涓瘑鐮侊紝鎵浠ユ垜浠涓鑸漢涓嶅叿鏈夋墽琛岀殑su鍛戒護(hù)鐨勬潈闄愶紝鑰屽彧鏈夌壒瀹氫漢鍙互su銆傞偅鎴戜滑鎬庝箞鍋氾紵
棣栧厛鎴戜滑鍒涘緩涓涓敤鎴風(fēng)粍sugroup,鐒跺悗鎶妔u鏂囦歡緇欎簣鏉冮檺4550,鍏抽敭鏄鎶妎hers鐨剎鏉冮檺鍘繪帀銆傜劧鍚庨氳繃chgrp鏇存敼su鍛戒護(hù)鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛屼嬌sugroup鍙樻垚su鐨勭敤鎴風(fēng)粍錛岃繖鏍鋒櫘閫氱殑鐢ㄦ埛鏄病鏈夋墽琛岀殑鏉冨姏鐨勶紝鍙湁root鍜岃繘鍏ヤ簡(jiǎn)sugroup鐨勬垚鍛樻墠鍙互鎵цsu鍛戒護(hù)銆?br />
褰撶劧闄や簡(jiǎn)閫氳繃鐢ㄦ埛緇勬潵鎺堟潈涔嬪錛屽父鐢ㄧ殑鎺堟潈宸ュ叿sudo鏄垜浠浜?jiǎn)瑙ｇ殑閲嶇倧V俿udo杞歡鍙互璁╃敤鎴蜂嬌鐢╯udo鎺堟潈鐨勫懡浠ゆ椂涓存椂鍗囩駭鎴恟oot鐢ㄦ埛錛堢被浼約etid錛夈傞偅涔堣綆鍗曞涔?fàn)sudo鍙渶瑕佸涔?fàn)鍛戒护visudo鍜岄厤緗棶浠?etc/sudoers銆倂isudo鏄etc/sudoers榪涜緙栬緫鐨勭紪杈戝懡浠わ紝涓巚i涓嶅悓鐨勬槸錛屽洜涓?etc/sudoers鏄閿佸畾鐨勯厤緗枃浠訛紝鎵浠ョ敤vi緙栬緫鏄棤鏁堢殑,灝卞繀欏諱嬌鐢╲isudo鏉ョ紪杈戙傞偅/etc/sudoers閲岄潰姣忚鐨勬牸寮忔槸浠涔堝憿錛?br />鐢ㄦ埛鍚?鎴栫敤鎴風(fēng)粍鍚? 涓繪満鍦板潃=鍛戒護(hù)(鍛戒護(hù)鐨勭粷瀵硅礬寰?
榪欐牱灝辮〃紺虹粰浜?jiǎn)杩欎釜鐢ㄦ埛浠涔堝懡浠ょ殑鏉冮檺錛屽鏉″懡浠ょ敤錛屽垎鍓層俿udo杞歡鏈鏂逛究鐨勫氨鏄彲浠ユ妸鏉冮檺綺劇‘鍒版煇鏉″懡浠ょ殑鏌愭潯鍙傛暟銆傛瘮濡?
鍙互褰撳埌絎簩琛岀粰浜堜簡(jiǎn)csdn2榪欎釜鐢ㄦ埛椹笂鍏蟲(chóng)満鐨勬潈闄愶紝閭ｄ箞瀹冨氨鍙兘鎵ц榪欐潯鍛戒護(hù)騫跺甫榪欎簺鍙傛暟錛屽鏋滄崲浜?jiǎn)鍏朵粬鍙傛暟鏄病鏈夋潈闄愭墽琛岀殑銆?br /> 鎵цsudo鎺堜簣鐨勫懡浠よ閫氳繃sudo 鍛?/span>浠?/span>鏉ヨ皟鐢?鑰屼笖璋冪敤鍚庤繕瑕佹眰楠岃瘉褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛瀵嗙爜鏉ヤ繚璇佸畨鍏ㄣ傚叾涓懡浠ゆ湁鏃跺欏洜涓簆ath闂鍙兘瑕佽緭鍏ョ粷瀵硅礬寰勩備緥濡?
姝ゅ鍙互閫氳繃sudo -l鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛琚玸udo鎺堟潈浜?jiǎn)閭ｄ簺鍛戒护銆?/p>
]]>
鐢變笂闈PM渚嬪瓙鍙煡鍏充簬杞歡鍖呯殑鍚嶅瓧銆傛敞鎰忥紝瀹夎鐨勬椂鍊欓渶瑕佷嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏄蔣浠跺寘鐨勫叏縐幫紝鑰屽嵏杞界殑鏃跺欏彧闇瑕佷嬌鐢ㄨ蔣浠剁殑鍚嶇О銆傛帴涓嬫潵浠嬬粛rpm浣跨敤鍛戒護(hù)錛?br />(1)rpm鍗歌澆
浠庝緥瀛愬彲浠ョ湅鍑猴紝鏄嬌鐢?span style="color: red">rpm -m 杞歡鍚?/span> 鏉ュ嵏杞戒竴涓蔣浠剁殑錛屼絾鏄湪鍗歌澆samba鐨勬椂鍊欏嵈琚憡鐭ワ紝鍥犱負(fù)samba琚彟澶栦竴涓蔣浠朵緷璧栬屽嵏杞藉け璐ャ備袱縐嶅姙娉曪紝涓灝辨槸鎶婁緷璧杝amba鐨勫厛鍗歌澆鍐嶆潵鍗歌澆samba錛屼簩灝辨槸閫氳繃--nodeps閫夋嫨鏉ュ己琛屽嵏杞姐?br />
(2)rpm瀹夎
鏃㈢劧鎴戜滑涔嬪墠鍗歌澆浜?jiǎn)sudo杞歡錛岄偅鎴戜滑鐜板湪灝辨潵瀹夎sudo.杞歡鍖呯殑鑾峰彇瑕佷箞鏄粠緗戠珯涓嬭澆鐨勬垨鑰呮槸浠庡厜鐩樿幏寰楀畨瑁呫俿udo灝卞湪緋葷粺瀹夎鐩橀噷灝辨湁銆傞偅涔堣鐢ㄥ厜鐩樿繘琛屽畨瑁呬箣鍓嶏紝鎴戜滑瑕佸鍏夌洏榪涜鎸傝澆(鍏夌洏鎸傝澆)錛屼篃灝辨槸閫氳繃緋葷粺鏂囦歡鐨勬柟娉曡闂厜鐩樸傞氬父鎴戜滑緋葷粺鍦?mnt鐩綍涓垱寤烘枃浠惰繘琛屾寕杞斤紝閫氳繃monut鎸囦護(hù)灝卞彲浠ヨ繘琛屾寕杞戒簡(jiǎn)錛岃寰楁妸鍏夌洏鏀懼叆鍏夐┍錛屼笉鐒朵細(xì)鎻愮ず鎵句笉鍒頒粙璐ㄣ?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/mount.jpg" width="515" height="78" />
鍦ㄦ寕杞芥垚鍔熷悗錛屾垜浠闂?mnt/cdrom灝辯浉褰撲簬璁塊棶鍏夌洏?shù)簡(jiǎn)銆傝繘鍏ュ厜鐩橈紝鍐嶈繘鍏entOS鐩綍錛屾垜浠彲浠ュ彂鐜版墍鏈夌殑RPM杞歡瀹夎鍖呴兘鍦ㄨ繖涓洰褰曢噷闈紝閫氳繃ls | grep sudo 鎴戜滑鍙互鍙戠幇鏈夋垜浠渶瑕佺殑sudo杞歡瀹夎鍖呫傜劧鍚庨氳繃rpm -ivh 杞歡鍖呭叏鍚?/span> 灝卞彲浠ュ畨瑁呰蔣浠跺寘銆傚叾涓?i灝辨槸瀹夎鐨刬nstall,-v鏄煡鐪嬪畨瑁呰繃紼嬩俊鎭?-h鏄樉紺哄畨瑁呰繘搴︺?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/sudoinstall.jpg" width="570" height="116" />
(3)rpm鏌ヨ
閫氳繃rpm -q 杞歡鍚?/span> 鏉ユ煡璇㈣杞歡鍖呮槸鍚﹀凡緇忓畨瑁咃紝浣嗗綋浣犲杞歡鍚嶈涓嶆竻鎴栬呬笌鏌愪簺鍏抽敭璇嶇浉鍏崇殑杞歡鎰熷叴瓚ｆ椂錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃rpm -qa | grep 杞歡鍏抽敭瀛?/span> 鏉ユ煡宸插畨瑁呯殑杞歡鍖呫?qa鏄〃紺烘煡璇㈡墍鏈夎蔣浠跺寘銆?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/rpmfind.jpg" width="338" height="140" />
(4)rpm鏍￠獙
浣跨敤rpm -V 杞歡鍚?鍙互瀵硅繖涓蔣浠剁殑鎵鏈夋枃浠惰繘琛屾牎楠岋紝濡傛灉鏍￠獙娌℃湁闂?shù)細(xì)娌℃湁鋼Q浣曟彁紺猴紝濡傛灉鍑虹幇闂錛屼細(xì)浠ュ瓧姣嶇殑鏂瑰紡鍛婄煡銆?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/rpmjiaoyan.jpg" width="335" height="35" />
(5)rpm鎻愬彇(淇鏃跺父鐢ㄥ懡浠?
褰撴湁浜涜蔣浠剁殑鏌愪釜鏂囦歡鎴栬呴厤緗枃浠墮『鍧忔垨鑰呬涪澶辯殑鏃跺欙紝鎴戜滑闇瑕佷粠rpm杞歡瀹夎鍖呬腑鎶婃墍闇鐨勬枃浠舵彁鍙栧嚭鏉ユ潵淇杞歡銆傛垜浠彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╮pm2cpio鍛戒護(hù)鏉ュ疄鐜般?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/rpm2cpio.jpg" width="751" height="141" />
(6)闄勫姞鍙傛暟
--excludedocs 涓嶅畨瑁呰蔣浠跺寘涓殑鏂囨。鏂囦歡
--prefix=Path 灝嗚蔣浠跺寘瀹夎鍒扮敱path鎸囧畾鐨勮礬寰勪笅(娉細(xì)澶уrpm閮戒笉鍏佽鏀瑰彉瀹夎鐩綍),涓嬩緥涓璸redix絳夊彿鍚庨潰鍗硃ath銆?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/rpmprefix.jpg" width="791" height="46" />
--test 鍙瀹夎榪涜嫻嬭瘯錛屽茍涓嶅疄闄呭畨瑁呫?/span>
--replaceplgs 榪涜瑕嗙洊瀹夎錛屽綋杞歡鍖呭凡瀹夎浜?jiǎn)锛屽彲浠?span style="color: #000000">浣跨敤璇ュ懡浠よ繘琛岃鐩栧畨瑁呫?/span>
--repalcefiles 濡傛灉姝ｅ湪瀹夎鐨勮蔣浠跺寘涓殑鏌愪竴涓枃浠跺湪鍏朵粬宸插畨瑁呰繃鐨勮蔣浠跺寘涓畨瑁呬簡(jiǎn)錛岄偅涔堝氨浼?xì)鍑虹幇鏂囦欢鍐步H佺殑閿欒錛岄氳繃璇ュ弬鏁板拷鐣ラ敊璇紝緇х畫(huà)瀹夎銆?br />--nodeps 榪欎釜鍙傛暟鍦ㄥ嵏杞芥椂鍊欐湁鐢ㄣ傚湪瀹夎鏃跺欎篃鏈夌敤錛屾湁鏃跺欏湪瀹夎杞歡鍖呮椂鍊欙紝鎵渚濊禆鐨勮蔣浠跺寘娌℃湁錛屽氨浼?xì)瀹夎涓嶄簡(jiǎn)锛岄偅涔堝鏋滀粛鎯冲畨瑁厼鍙湁鐢╪odeps鍙傛暟銆?br />-U 瀵硅蔣浠跺寘榪涜鍗囩駭銆?br />
浜屻乊UM鍖呯鐞?br /> 姝ｆ槸鍥犱負(fù)rpm瀵逛簬杞歡鍖呯殑浜掔浉渚濊禆鍏崇郴鐨勬敮鎸佸樊鍔詫紝鎵浠um搴旇繍鑰岀敓銆倅um鐨勪袱涓ソ澶勫氨鏄細(xì)鑷姩瑙ｅ喅杞歡鍖呴棿鐨勪緷璧栧叧緋誨拰鏂逛究鍗囩駭銆倅um搴旂敤闇瑕佽仈緗戞墠鑳藉彂鎸ヤ環(huán)鍊箋?br />(1)yun瀹夎涓庢嫻嬪崌綰?br />
閫氳繃yum install 杞歡鍚?/span> 鏉ヨ仈緗戣繘鍏ヤ笅杞藉畨瑁咃紝瀹冧細(xì)涓轟綘鑷姩涓嬭澆鎵鏈夋墍闇鐨勪緷璧栬蔣浠跺寘銆傞氳繃yum check-update 杞歡鍚?鏉ヨ仈緗戞嫻嬫槸鍚︽湁闇瑕佽窡鏂拌蔣浠躲傚湪媯(gè)嫻?span style="color: #000000">鍗囩駭浠ュ悗錛岄氳繃yum update 杞歡鍚?鏉ュ崌綰с?br />
(2)鍏朵粬鍛戒護(hù)
yum list 鏌ヨyum婧愮殑鎵鏈夎蔣浠跺寘銆傞氳繃yum list | grep 杞歡鍚?鍙互鏌ヨ褰撳墠杞歡鏄惁瀹夎絳変俊鎭?br />yum info 杞歡鍚?/span> 鏌ヨyum婧愪腑杞歡鍖呴噷鐨勪俊鎭?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/sudoinfo.jpg" width="507" height="444" />
yum remove 杞歡鍚?/span> 鍗歌澆杞歡
涓夈佹簮浠ｇ爜鍖呭畨瑁?br /> 婧愪唬鐮佸畨瑁呭垎鍑犱釜姝ラ錛氶鍏堜笅杞芥簮浠ｇ爜鍖咃紝閫氬父鏄?gz鎴栬?bz2緇撳熬鐨勶紱鎴栬呮簮浠ｇ爜鍖呬互鍚?/span>閫氳繃tar -xzvfjc 絳夊懡浠よ繘琛岃В鍘嬶紱瑙ｅ帇瀹屾垚浠ュ悗榪涘叆瑙ｅ帇鐩綍浼?xì)鐪嬭涓涓猚onfing鐨勬枃浠訛紝鐒跺悗閫氳繃./confing鍛戒護(hù)榪愯璇ラ厤緗紝褰撶劧榪欎釜閰嶇疆鐨勮繃紼嬮氬父閮芥槸鏀墮泦涓浜涚幆澧冧俊鎭拰鐢熸垚涓浜涘繀瑕佺殑鏂囦歡錛屽鏋滀竴浜涗緷璧栫殑杞歡娌℃湁褰撶劧闇瑕佽濂斤紙鐢▂um鍚с傘傚悇縐嶅揩錛夛紱鐒跺悗鍐嶆墽琛宮ake鍛戒護(hù)榪涜緙栬瘧錛涚紪璇戠粨鏉熶互鍚庢墽琛宮ake install榪涜瀹夎錛岃繖涓繃紼嬩竴鑸槸涓浜涙嫹璐濆埌涓嶅悓鐩綍鍜屼竴浜涢厤緗枃浠剁敓鎴愩傝繖鏍蜂竴涓爣鍑嗙殑婧愪唬鐮佸寘灝卞畨瑁呭畬鎴愪簡(jiǎn)銆?br />
鍙互鍙傝冭繖綃囧崥鏂囷細(xì)http://criss.blog.51cto.com/1048459/464581
鍥涖佽剼鏈畨瑁?br /> 褰撲綘涓嬭澆tar鍖呴噷闈㈡病鏈塩onfig榪欎釜鏂囦歡鏃訛紝寰堝彲鑳藉氨鏄敤鑴氭湰鐨勬柟寮忓畨瑁呬簡(jiǎn)銆備篃鏄厛瑙ｅ帇錛岀劧鍚庢煡鐪嬩笅README鎴朓NSTALL榪欑被璇存槑錛岀劧鍚庢壘鍒板畨瑁呰剼鏈繍琛屽嵆鍙?br />
浜斻丄PT鍖呯鐞?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/apt.jpg" width="785" height="378" />
]]>
1.default:瀹氫箟緙虹渷鍚姩鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇燂紝鍦ㄥ緋葷粺鏃墮傜敤銆?nbsp;
2.timeout錛氬畾涔夌己鐪佺瓑寰呯殑鏃墮棿銆?br />
(hd0,0)鏄粈涔堟剰鎬濆憿錛焗d鏄‖鐩樼殑鎰忔濓紝涓鑸琱da琛ㄧず絎竴涓‖鐩橈紝鑰宧db琛ㄧず絎?涓‖鐩樸傚湪grub閲岄潰hd0灝辨槸hda鐨勬剰鎬濓紝hd1灝辨槸hdb鐨勬剰鎬濄傝岄楀彿鍚庨潰鐨?琛ㄧず絎竴涓垎鍖虹殑鎰忔濄傛墍浠ワ紙hd0,0錛夎〃紺虹涓涓‖鐩樼殑絎竴涓垎鍖恒?
4.hiddenmenu:闅愯棌鑿滃崟
5.title錛氬畾涔変笂榪伴殣钘忚彍鍗曠殑鑿滃崟欏瑰悕縐?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
6.root: 瀹氫箟/boot鐩綍鐨勫垎鍖轟綅緗?璁劇疆grub紼嬪簭鐨勪綅緗?
7.kernel :瀹氫箟浜?jiǎn)鍐呮牳鎵鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆
8.initrd:鍔犺澆闀滃儚鏂囦歡
鎺ヤ笅鏉ヤ粙緇嶄竴浜沢rub鐨勭畝鍗曞懡浠や笌搴旂敤銆?/p>
閫氳繃涓婅堪鍛戒護(hù)鎴戜滑鍙互鍋氫簺綆鍗曞簲鐢?e錛氱紪杈戝綋鍓嶇殑鍚姩鑿滃崟欏?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
c錛氳繘鍏rub鐨勫懡浠よ鏂瑰紡
b錛氬惎鍔ㄥ綋鍓嶈彍鍗曢」
d錛氬垹闄ゅ綋鍓嶈
ESC:榪斿洖grub鍚姩鑿滃崟鐣岄潰錛屽彇娑堝褰撳墠鑿滃崟欏圭殑浠諱綍淇敼
涓銆乺oot瀵嗙爜蹇樿濡備綍榪涘叆鍗曠敤鎴鋒ā寮?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
鍗曠敤鎴鋒ā寮忓彧鏈塺oot鍙互榪涘叆錛屾墍浠ヨ繘鍏ュ崟鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡鏄笉闇瑕佽緭鍏oot瀵嗙爜鐨勶紝鎵浠ュ繕璁板瘑鐮侊紝鍙互榪涘叆鍗曠敤鎴峰瘑鐮佹潵鏇存敼root鐨勫瘑鐮併?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
寮鏈鴻繘鍏rub鐣岄潰鏃訛紝鎸塭榪涘叆緙栬緫琛屾ā寮忥紝閫変腑kernel琛岋紝鍐嶆寜e錛屽湪鏂扮殑鐣岄潰鐨勬渶鍚庝竴琛岃緭鍏錛堜笌鍓嶄竴涓瓧姣嶆湁涓涓┖鏍鹼級(jí)銆傚洖杞︿互鍚庢寜b鍗沖彲銆?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
鍚屾牱濡傛灉閬囧埌inittab鐨勯粯璁よ繍琛岀駭鍒鏀規(guī)垚0鎴栬?鐨勮瘽錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃涓婅堪grub鐨勬寚瀹氭柟寮忕洿鎺ヨ繘鍏ユ煇縐嶈繍琛岀駭鍒啀淇敼閰嶇疆鏂囦歡銆?br />
浜屻佽緗甮rub瀵嗙爜
鍏堢敤涓嬮潰涓ょ鏂瑰紡寰楀埌鏄庢枃鐨凪D5瀵嗘枃
1.杈撳叆grub-md5-crypt
2.鍏堣緭鍏rub,鍦ㄨ緭鍏d5crypt
鐒跺悗澶嶅埗瀵嗘枃錛岃繘鍏rub.conf閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
鍦╰itle欏瑰墠鍔犲叆涓琛岄夐」錛?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
password --md5 瀵嗘枃
涓夈乬rub淇
棣栧厛鎸変笅c閿繘鍏rub鍛戒護(hù)琛?閫氳繃閫氳繃鍛戒護(hù)琛屾墜鍔ㄥ惎鍔紝鑰屼笉鏄氳繃grub.conf鏂囦歡銆?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/grubcomline.png" />
]]>
涓?br /> 涓婂浘灝辨槸緋葷粺寮曞嫻佺▼鐨勬祦紼嬪浘錛屾垜浠竴涓儴鍒嗕竴涓儴鍒嗘潵鍒嗗埆浠嬬粛錛?/p>
涓銆佸浐浠訛細(xì)鐢?shù)鑴戞寜涓嬬攭|簮浠ュ悗錛岄鍏堥兘鏄姞杞藉浐浠訛紝鍙仛firmwall錛孭C涓婇潰搴旂敤鏈澶氱殑灝辨槸CMOS/BIOS錛圕MOS鏄浐鍖栧湪紜歡涓婄殑閭ｆ紼嬪簭錛孊IOS鏄熀浜庤繖涓▼搴忕殑鍥懼艦鍖栫鐞嗙晫闈級(jí)錛屽畠鏃笉鏄‖浠朵篃涓嶆槸杞歡錛屽畠涓昏鐨勫姛鑳芥槸鍦ㄧ‖浠跺眰闈㈣繘琛屽姞鐢?shù)鑷獘個(gè)錛堥氬父鏄鏌ョ嚎榪炰笂娌★紝紜歡鍙互璇嗗埆娌★級(jí)銆傚湪SUN鐨勭郴緇熼噷涓嶅彨cmos鑰屽彨prom錛屼篃涓嶅彨bios鑰屽彨openbooter錛屾墍浠ュ悕瀛楄櫧鐒朵笉鍚屼絾鏄師鐞嗘槸宸笉澶氱殑錛岃瀛︿範(fàn)榪欎簺鍥轟歡錛屽湪璐拱鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鏃跺欙紝浼?xì)鏈夋搷浣滄墜鍐屽Q屼笂闈細(xì)鏈夊悇縐嶅懡浠ょ殑瑙ｉ噴銆傚浐浠惰緗噷闈㈠彧璁蹭竴鐐瑰氨鏄‖浠舵椂閽熷拰杞歡鏃墮挓鐨勮緗?hwclock涓巇ate)銆?br />
浜屻佽嚜灞呯▼搴忥細(xì)鍦ㄨ繘琛屽畬鍔犵數(shù)鑷錛岀數(shù)鑴戜細(xì)寮濮嬭紜洏錛岄鍏堣鐨勬槸MBR(master boot recorder)涓誨紩瀵艱褰曪紝涓誨紩瀵艱褰曞湪0鏌遍潰0紓佸ご1鎵囧尯鐨勪綅緗備富寮曞璁板綍鍒?涓儴鍒嗭細(xì)鑷眳紼嬪簭bootloader,紓佺洏鍒嗗尯琛≒artition table,緇撴潫鏍囧織瀛梞agic number銆?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/zijuchengxu.png" />
鑷眳紼嬪簭鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌殑鎿嶄綔緋葷粺閲岄潰閮芥湁錛屽湪linux鑷眳紼嬪簭涓箍娉涘簲鐢ㄧ殑鏄痝rub錛坵indows鐨勮嚜灞呯▼搴忓湪C鐩樺彲浠ユ煡鐪嬪埌錛孨Tloader錛夈傞偅鑷眳紼嬪簭grub鏈変粈涔堢敤鍛紵瀹冩渶閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ氨鏄澆鍏ュ唴鏍?/span>銆傚叾瀹炲唴鏍稿湪/boot鏂囦歡澶規(guī)槸鍙互鏌ョ湅鍒扮殑錛屽唴鏍稿叾瀹炴槸涓涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鑰屼笉鏄竴鍫嗘枃浠躲備竴鍫嗘枃浠剁殑閭ｄ釜鏄唴鏍哥殑婧愪唬鐮佹枃浠惰屼笉鏄彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍐呮牳紼嬪簭銆傚唴鏍哥殑鐗堟湰鍙峰拰鍚嶅瓧絳夐厤緗俊鎭彲浠ュ湪/etc/grab.conf閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏌ョ湅錛岃閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鍏蜂綋鐨勫唴瀹瑰皢鍦ㄥ悗緇腑璇︾粏鍓栨瀽銆?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
涓夈佽澆鍏ュ唴鏍革細(xì)鍦ㄨ澆鍏ュ唴鏍鎬互鍚庯紝宸ヤ綔灝變氦緇欎簡(jiǎn)鍐呮牳銆傚唴鏍稿湪寮曞鏈熼棿錛屽叾瀹炴渶涓昏鍙仛涓や釜浜嬫儏錛?.棣栧厛鏄┍鍔ㄧ‖浠訛紝鎵璋撻┍鍔ㄥ氨鏄嬌緋葷粺璁よ瘑紜歡錛屽茍璋冪敤紜歡銆備竴涓郴緇熸渶搴炲ぇ鐨勯儴鍒嗗氨鏄┍鍔紝閫氬父鏍規(guī)嵁闇瑕佸椹卞姩榪涜瑁佸壀錛屽氨鎴愪簡(jiǎn)瑁佸喅緋葷粺銆?鐒跺悗灝辨槸鍚姩涓涓繘紼嬶紝鍙仛init榪涚▼銆傚畠搴旇鏄郴緇熷瓨鍦ㄧ殑絎竴涓繘紼嬨?br />
鍥涖佸惎鍔ㄨ繘紼媔nit錛氳榪涚▼鐨勭殑PID錛堣繘紼婭D錛夋亽涓?錛屼竴鑸儏鍐典笅PID鏄殢鍗沖垎閰嶇殑錛屼絾鏄痠nit榪涚▼鏄浐瀹氱殑銆侾PID縐頒負(fù)鐖惰繘紼婭D錛屽彲浠ョ湅鍑篿nit榪涚▼鐨勭埗榪涚▼鐨凱ID涓?錛屽叾瀹濸ID涓?鐨勮繘紼嬫槸鍐呮牳璋冨害鍣紙kernel scheduler錛夊畠璐熻矗瀵硅繘紼嬭繘琛岃皟搴︼紝鍗矯PU鏃墮棿鐗囩殑鍒嗛厤銆?/p>
鍦ㄧ埗瀛愯繘紼嬪叧緋諱腑錛屾寜閬撶悊鐖惰繘紼嬫浜?jiǎn)锛屽瓙杩浗E嬪繀欏繪銆備絾鏄湁鏃跺欑埗榪涚▼姝諱簡(jiǎn)錛屼絾鏄瓙榪涚▼鍥犱負(fù)鏌愮鐗規(guī)畩鎯呭喌騫舵病鏈夋錛岃繖鏍峰瓙榪涚▼灝辨垚浜?jiǎn)瀛ゅ効杩浗E嬶紝linux媯(gè)鏌ュ埌瀛ゅ効榪涚▼錛屼細(xì)鎶婅瀛ゅ効榪涚▼鐨凱PID鍙樻垚1銆傚彟澶栦竴縐嶆儏鍐碉紝灝辨槸瀛愯繘紼嬫浜?jiǎn)锛岀埗杩浗E嬩笉鐭ラ亾錛屽鑷村瓙榪涚▼鍙樻垚鍍靛案榪涚▼銆?br />
浜斻佽鍙栭厤緗枃浠秈nittab:鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄨ繘紼媔nit浠ュ悗,灝變細(xì)璇誨彇/etc/inittab閰嶇疆鏂囦歡銆備嬌鐢╩ore /etc/inittab鎵撳紑inittab鏂囦歡錛岄鍏堢湅鍒扮殑鏄叧浜庣郴緇熻繍琛岀駭鍒殑淇℃伅銆?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
Linux榪愯綰у埆(runlevel)涓鍏辨湁7縐嶏細(xì)
0halt錛堝叧鏈猴級(jí)
1.Singgle user mode(浣嗙敤鎴鳳紝綾諱技windows鐨勫畨鍏ㄦā寮?
2.Multiuser(娌℃湁NFS緗戠粶鏂囦歡鍏變韓鏈嶅姟鐨勫鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡錛屽懡浠よ)
3.Full multiuer mode(鍜?涓鏍鳳紝澶氬姞浜?jiǎn)NFS)
4.Unuerd錛堣繕鏈嬌鐢級(jí)
5.X11(榛樿浣跨敤錛屽浘褰㈢晫闈?
6.Reboot錛堥噸鍚級(jí)
濡備笂鎵榪伴粯璁ょ殑涓鑸槸5.閫氳繃鍛戒護(hù)runlevel鍙互鏌ョ湅褰撳墠榪愯綰у埆銆傞氳繃init num鎴栬卼elinit num鍙互鍔ㄦ佸垏鎹㈣繍琛岀晫鍒?鍏跺疄閫氳繃ls -l 'which telinit'鍙互寰楃煡telinit鏄痠nit鐨勪竴涓蔣閾炬帴)銆?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
鎺ョ潃緇х畫(huà)瀛︿範(fàn)inittab閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛屼嬌鐢╣rep -v '^#' /etc/inittab | more 寰楀埌娌℃湁娉ㄩ噴鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲傞氳繃man init鍙互寰楃煡錛屾墍鏈塱nit閰嶇疆鏂囦歡閲岄潰鐨勬瘡琛岄兘鏄氳繃鏍煎紡
id : runlevels : action : process
id:鏍囪瘑絎︼紝鏍囪鏉＄洰鐨勫敮涓鎬э紝涓鑸負(fù)涓や綅瀛楁瘝鎴栬呮暟瀛?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
runlevels錛氭寚瀹氳繍琛岀駭鍒紝濡傛灉涓虹┖錛岃〃紺烘墍鏈夎繍琛岀駭鍒兘鍙互銆?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
action錛氭寚瀹氳剼鏈垨鑰呭懡浠ょ殑榪愯鐘舵?/p>
process錛氭寚瀹氳榪愯鐨勮剼鏈垨鑰呭懡浠?/p>
涓嬮潰瀵筧ction鐨勫彇鍊艱繘琛屼粙緇嶏細(xì)
1.initdefault:鎸囧畾緋葷粺緙虹渷鍚姩鐨勮繍琛岀駭鍒?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
2.sysinit錛氱郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂錛屾墽琛宲rocess鎸囧畾鐨勮剼鏈垨鍛戒護(hù)
3.wait:鎵цprocess鎸囧畾鐨勫懡浠ゆ垨鑰呰剼鏈紝騫跺湪鎵ц瀹屾垚浠ュ悗鎵嶈繍琛屽叾浠栫殑鏉＄洰.
4.onceprocess
5.Ctrlaltdelctrl+alt+delprocess
6.Respawn:processprocess
7.Powerfail:process
8.Powerokwait:process
涓婅堪絎笁涓猘ction鍊紈ait鐨勪緥瀛愪腑錛屽叾瀹為氳繃ls -l /etc/rc.d/rc鍙互寰楃煡錛宺c鍏跺疄鏄竴涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛堝叾瀹炰篃鏄剼鏈級(jí)銆傚湪rc.d榪欎釜鐩綍涓嬪叾瀹炲茍涓嶅彧鏈塺c榪欎竴涓枃浠訛紝榪樻湁璁稿鏂囦歡鎴栬呯洰褰曘?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/lsrcd.jpg" width="998" height="150" />
鍙互鐪嬪埌鏈変粠rc0.d鍒皉c6.d鍏?涓洰褰曘備粬浠槸鐩稿簲榪愯綰у埆闇瑕佸惎鍔ㄧ殑鏈嶅姟鐩綍鏂囦歡銆傜郴緇熸槸閫氳繃action錛歩nitdefault鐨勮繍琛岀駭鍒潵鍖歸厤榪欓噷鐨勬湇鍔＄洰褰曠殑銆傜幇鍦ㄤ互rc3.d涓轟緥錛?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/r3d.png" />
鍙互鐪嬪埌rc3.d鐩綍涓嬫湁寰堝鏈嶅姟紼嬪簭錛屼粠浠栦滑鐨勫悕縐頒腑錛屾垜鍙互鍙互寰楃煡瀹冧滑鐨勪綔鐢紝鍚嶇О閮芥槸鏈?涓儴鍒嗙粍鎴愶細(xì)
絎竴涓ぇ鍐欏瓧姣?鏁板瓧+鍚嶅瓧
絎竴涓ぇ鍐欏瓧姣峉錛坰tart錛夎〃紺哄惎鍔ㄦ湇鍔★紝K錛坘ill錛夎〃紺烘潃姝繪湇鍔?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
鏁板瓧琛ㄧず鍚姩欏哄簭錛屾暟瀛楄秺灝忚秺鍏堝惎鍔紝鏁板瓧鐩稿悓錛屾寜鐓у垱寤烘椂闂村惎鍔?鍚嶅瓧鏍規(guī)嵁浣滅敤鑰屽畾銆?/p>
鎵浠ュ湪榪欓噷鎴戜滑鍙互鏍規(guī)嵁鑷繁搴旂敤鐨勯渶瑕侊紝鎶婃湁鐢ㄧ殑榪涚▼寮鍚紝鏃犵敤鐨勫叧闂紝姣斿濡傛灉鏃犵敤鐨勪笉鎯沖紑鍚紝鍙互鎶奡鏀規(guī)垚s錛屽氨涓嶄細(xì)鍚姩浜?jiǎn)銆?/p>
姝ゅ鍔犱竴涓笓棰橈紝灝辨槸鎴戜滑濡備綍鍦ㄧ郴緇熷惎鍔ㄥソ浠ュ悗鏉ュ姩鎬佸紑鍚拰鍏抽棴鏈嶅姟鍛紵
棣栧厛鎴戜滑瑕佺煡閬擄紝緋葷粺鎵鏈夌殑鏈嶅姟閮芥槸鍦?etc/rc.d/init.d鐩綍涓嬨傛垜浠彲浠ラ氳繃start銆乻top銆乺estart銆乻tatus鏉ュ惎鍔ㄣ佺粓姝€侀噸鏂板惎鍔ㄣ佹煡鐪嬬姸鎬佹潵鎿嶄綔鏈嶅姟銆備緥濡?鐢╯shd鏈嶅姟涓轟緥錛?img border="0" alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/mysileng/service.png" />鐜板湪鎴戜滑濡傛灉瑕佹妸涓涓湇鍔″彉鎴愬紑鏈哄惎鍔ㄦ湁3縐嶆柟娉曪細(xì)
錛?錛夌涓涓氨鏄湪/etc/rc.d/rcn.d鐨勬湇鍔＄洰褰曚腑鍒涘緩涓涓悕涓篠XXX鐨勮蔣閾炬帴錛屾寚鍚戜竴涓剼鏈氨鍙互浜?jiǎn)銆?span style="font-family: '瀹?huà)浣?; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
錛?錛変嬌鐢╟hkconfig鍛戒護(hù)璁劇疆榪涚▼鏄惁鍚姩
錛?錛変嬌鐢╪tsysv榪涘叆鍥懼艦鍖栬緗繘紼嬫槸鍚﹀惎鍔?nbsp;
]]>
涓銆佹枃浠跺鐞嗗懡浠?nbsp;
1.緗戠粶淇℃伅鏌ョ湅鍛戒護(hù):ifconfig 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷:intface config錛堥檮鍔犵殑銆傘傘傚彲浠ユ棤瑙嗭級(jí)
2.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):ls 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歭ist 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/ls 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鐩綍 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?a -l -i(a琛ㄧずall鍗蟲(chóng)樉紺烘墍鏈夋枃浠剁洰褰?l琛ㄧずlong鍗蟲(chóng)樉紺鴻緇嗘枃浠跺睘鎬?i鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鐨刬node)
娉細(xì)褰撻敭鍏s -l鏃跺欙紝浼?xì)杈撳嚭绫讳技濡備笅鍥炬墍紺轟俊鎭?br>
絎?涓瓧姣嶈〃紺虹殑鏂囦歡綾誨瀷(d琛ㄧず鐩綍,-琛ㄧず2榪涘埗鏂囦歡,l琛ㄧず杞摼鎺ユ枃浠?
絎?-4瀛楁瘝琛ㄧず鐨勬槸鏂囦歡鎷ユ湁鑰呯殑鏉冮檺(r琛ㄧずread,w琛ㄧずwrite,x琛ㄧずexecute)
絎?-7鍜岀8-10瀛楃鍒嗗埆琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鎵灞炵粍鐨勬潈闄愪笌鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬潈闄?br> 絎?1涓暟瀛楄〃紺烘鏂囦歡鐨勭‖閾炬帴鏁?br> 絎?2涓崟璇嶈〃紺烘枃浠舵嫢鏈夎呮槸璋侊紵
絎?3涓崟璇嶈〃紺烘枃浠舵墍灞炵粍鏄皝錛?br> 鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ殑鏁板瓧鏄枃浠剁殑澶у皬錛堝瓧鑺傚崟浣嶏級(jí)鍜屾枃浠舵渶鍚庝慨鏀圭殑鏃墮棿
3.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):cd 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歝hange directory 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?shell鍐呯疆鍛戒護(hù) 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍒囨崲鐩綍
娉?.琛ㄧず褰撳墠鐩綍,..琛ㄧず涓婄駭鐩綍,/琛ㄧず鏍圭洰褰?br>
4.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):pwd 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歱rint working directory 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/pwd 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏄劇ず褰撳墠鎵鍦ㄧ殑宸ヤ綔鐩綍
5.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):mkdir 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歮ake directory 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/mkdir 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍒涘緩鐩綍
6.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):touch 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/touch 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍒涘緩鏂囦歡
7.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):cp 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歝opy 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/cp 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:澶嶅埗鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?span style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span> 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?R -p(-R琛ㄧず澶嶅埗鐩綍,p琛ㄧず澶嶅埗鏃朵笉鏀瑰彉鏃墮棿)
娉細(xì)cp 婧愭枃浠?鐩殑鏂囦歡
8.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):mv 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歮ove 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/mv 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍓垏鏂囦歡鎴栨敼鍚?br>
9.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):rm 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歳emove 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/rm 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍒犻櫎鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?span style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span> 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?r -f(r琛ㄧず鍒犻櫎鐩綍,f琛ㄧずforce鍗沖己鍒跺垹闄ゆ棤欏諱換浣曡闂?
10.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):cat 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歝oncatenate and display file 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/cat 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍐呭(閫傚悎杈冪煭鏂囦歡)
11.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):more 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/more 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍒嗛〉鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍐呭
娉?榪涘叆鍒嗛〉鏄劇ず鐘舵佸悗,絀烘牸琛ㄧず涓嬩竴欏碉紝鍥炶濺琛ㄧず涓嬩竴琛岋紝q琛ㄧず閫鍑哄垎欏墊樉紺烘ā寮?br>
12.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):head 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/head 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏄劇ず鏂囦歡澶村嚑琛?span style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span> 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?number(姝ゅ鏁板瓧琛ㄧず闇瑕佹樉紺虹殑鏂囦歡澶村嚑琛岀殑鏁板瓧)
13.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):tail 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/tail 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍚庡嚑琛?span style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span> 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?number -f(姝ゅ鏁板瓧琛ㄧず闇瑕佹樉紺虹殑鏂囦歡鍚庡嚑琛岀殑鏁板瓧,f琛ㄧず鍔ㄦ佹樉紺?
娉?瀵逛簬涓浜涙棩蹇楋紝瀹炴椂鍦ㄦ洿鏂幫紝閭ｄ箞閫氬父浣跨敤-f閫夐」鏉ュ叧娉ㄦ棩蹇椾笉鏂洿鏂扮殑鏈熬.
14.鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護(hù):ln 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歭ink 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/ln 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍒涘緩閾炬帴 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?s(s琛ㄧずsoft鍗沖垱寤虹殑閾炬帴鏄蔣閾炬帴)
鐜板湪鐪嬩笅鍥撅紝鏉ユ紨紺哄垱寤鴻蔣閾炬帴
涓婂浘涓鍏堢敤ln -s鍒涘緩涓涓蔣閾炬帴host.soft錛岃岃繖涓蔣浠墮摼鎺ユ寚鍚戜簡(jiǎn)/etc/host.conf鏂囦歡銆傚叾瀹炴墍璋撶殑杞摼鎺ュ湪windows閲岄潰灝卞綋浜庡揩鎹鋒柟寮忚屽凡銆傚彲浠ョ湅瑙佽蔣閾炬帴鐨勭被鍨嬫槸l綾誨瀷錛岃岃蔣閾炬帴鐨勬潈闄愬熀鏈笂鍏ㄦ槸婊＄殑錛屽悗闈㈣繕鐢ㄧ澶磋〃紺轟簡(jiǎn)杞摼鎺ユ寚鍚戦偅涓枃浠躲?br> 濡傛灉娌℃湁鐢?s鍒欏垱寤虹‖閾炬帴錛屽簲娉ㄦ剰紜摼鎺ユ槸windows閲岄潰娌℃湁鐨勫姛鑳斤紝紜摼鎺ョ浉褰撲簬涓涓彲浠ュ彲浠ュ姩鎬佹洿鏂扮殑鍓湰銆傝屼笖褰撳師鏂囦歡鍒犻櫎鍚庯紝杞繛鎺ュ氨鏃犵敤浜?jiǎn)锛尲嫭閾炬帴鍗礃q樻湁鐢ㄣ傜湅濡備笅鎸囦護(hù):
棣栧厛鎴戣瘯鍥懼垱寤轟竴涓‖閾炬帴鐢?study/host.hard鎸囧悜/etc/host.conf,浣嗘槸澶辮觸浜?jiǎn)銆傚師鍥犳槸/study鍜?鏍瑰垎鍖轟笉鏄竴涓墿鐞嗗垎鍖猴紝鍦ㄦ垜瑁呯郴緇熺殑鏃跺欙紝鎶婃牴鍒嗗尯鍜?study鍒嗘垚浜?jiǎn)sda0鍜宻da1涓や釜鐗╃悊鍒嗗尯銆傛墍浠ョ粨璁烘槸紜摼鎺ュ彧鑳藉湪鍚屼竴涓墿鐞嗗垎鍖轟笂榪涜銆傜劧鍚庢垜寤虹珛浜?jiǎn)涓涓猼est鏂囦歡錛屽茍鍒涘緩浜?jiǎn)涓涓‖閾炬帴鎸囧悜瀹冿紝鍙互鐪嬭鏉冮檺鍜屽唴瀹規(guī)槸瀹屽叏涓鏍風(fēng)殑銆?br> 閭ｄ互涓婃槸涓轟粈涔堝憿錛熼摼鎺ョ殑搴曞眰鍒板簳鏄庝箞瀹炵幇鐨勫憿錛?br> 鐢變簬linux涓嬬殑鏂囦歡鏄氳繃绱㈠紩鑺傜偣鍙?span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: 瀹?huà)浣?>錛圛node錛夋潵鍞竴鏍囩ず鏂囦歡錛岀‖閾炬帴鍙互璁や負(fù)騫朵笉鏄竴涓柊鏂囦歡鑰屽彧鏄竴涓寚閽堬紝鎸囧悜鍘熸枃浠剁儲(chǔ)寮曡妭鐐圭殑鎸囬拡錛岀郴緇熷茍涓嶄負(fù)瀹冮噸鏂板垎閰峣node銆傛瘡娣誨姞涓涓竴涓‖閾炬帴錛屽師鏂囦歡鐨勯摼鎺ユ暟灝卞姞1銆傝岃蔣閾炬帴鍗存槸涓涓柊鐨勬枃浠訛紝鎵浠ユ湁涓嶅悓鐨刬node錛屽彧涓嶈繃瀹冪殑鏂囦歡鍐呭鏄師鏂囦歡鐨勮礬寰勩?br>
浜屻佹潈闄愮鐞嗗懡浠わ細(xì)
1.鏉冮檺綆＄悊鍛戒護(hù):chmod 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歝hange the permission mode 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/chmod 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏇存敼鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曟潈闄?br> 娉細(xì)chmod鏈変袱縐嶆牸寮忥紝絎竴縐嶆槸瀛楁瘝鏍煎紡錛宑hmod u/g/o +/-/= r/w/x 鏂囦歡鍚?鐩綍鍚?u浠ｈ〃user鍗蟲(chóng)枃浠舵墍鏈夎?g浠ｈ〃gourp鍗蟲(chóng)枃浠舵墍灞炵粍,o浠ｈ〃other鍗沖叾浠栫敤鎴?+-=鍒嗗埆琛ㄧず娣誨姞銆佸垹闄ゃ佽祴浜堟潈闄愮殑鎿嶄綔錛宺wx浠ｈ〃鏉冮檺).絎簩縐嶆牸寮忔槸鏁板瓧鏍煎紡,chmod xyz(xyz鍒嗗埆鏄笁涓?-7鐨勬暟瀛楋紝姣忎釜0-7鐨勬暟瀛楀叾瀹炴槸3涓簩榪涘埗鐨勬崲綆楋紝3涓簩榪涘埗鍒嗗埆琛ㄧずrwx,涔熷氨鏄r鏄?銆亀鏄?銆亁鏄?銆傝寈浠ｈ〃鏂囦歡鎵鏈夎呭緱鏉冮檺鏁板瓧,y浠ｈ〃鎵灞炵粍鏉冮檺鏁板瓧錛寊鏄叾浠栫敤鎴風(fēng)殑鏉冮檺鏁板瓧.姣斿鏌愭枃浠剁殑鏉冮檺鏄痳wxr-xr-x 鎹㈡垚鏁板瓧褰㈠紡灝辨槸 755).鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ湅涓嬮潰涓涓疄楠?
涓婇潰浠ｇ爜涓垱寤轟簡(jiǎn)涓涓洰褰曪紝鍚庡張鍦ㄧ洰褰曞垱寤轟簡(jiǎn)涓涓枃浠跺茍緇欎簣婊℃潈闄愶紝浣嗗綋鎴戠敤涓涓櫘閫氱敤鎴峰幓鍒犻櫎榪欎釜鏂囦歡鏃跺欏嵈涓轟粈涔堣鏉冮檺涓嶅鍛紵鍙槸鏉冮檺涓婅other鐨勬潈闄愭槸rwx涓傚師鍥犲叾瀹炲湪浜庢垜浠rwx鐨勭悊瑙ｏ紝鍏跺疄rwx瀵逛簬鏂囦歡鍜岀洰褰曟槸涓嶅悓鐨勩傛葷粨濡備笅錛?br>
鏂囦歡鐨剅(cat銆乵ore銆乭ead銆乼ail)銆亀(echo銆乿i)銆亁(鍛戒護(hù)銆佽剼鏈?
鐩綍鐨剅(ls)銆亀(touch銆乺m銆乵kdir)銆亁(cd)
2.鏉冮檺綆＄悊鍛戒護(hù):chown 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷:change file ownership 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/chown 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曟墍鏈夎?span style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span>
娉?chown 鐢ㄦ埛 鏂囦歡
3.鏉冮檺綆＄悊鍛戒護(hù):chgrp 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷:change file group 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/chgrp 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曟墍灞炵粍
娉?chgrp 鎵灞炵粍 鏂囦歡
4.鏉冮檺綆＄悊鍛戒護(hù):umask 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/umask 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏄劇ず鍜岃緗枃浠剁殑緙虹渷鏉冮檺 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?S(S琛ㄧず浠wx鐨勬柟寮忔樉紺虹己鐪佹潈闄?
娉?umask鏈変袱縐嶄嬌鐢ㄦ柟寮忥紝婕旂ず濡備笅:
絎竴縐嶆槸rws鐨勬柟寮忔樉紺哄嚭緙虹渷鏉冮檺,鑰岀浜岀鏂瑰紡鏄樉紺虹殑0002,榪欐槸浠涔堟剰鎬濆憿錛熺涓涓暟瀛?鏄〃紺轟竴縐嶇壒孌婃潈闄愪綅,鑰屽悗闈㈢殑涓変釜鏁板瓧灝辨槸鍒嗗埆琛ㄧずugo鐨勭己鐪佹潈闄?鍙槸涓轟粈涔堜笉鏄?75鍛紵鏄劇劧775+002=777,鎵浠ユ垜浠彲浠ョ湅鍑?02鍏跺疄鏄己鐪佺己闄風(fēng)殑鎺╃爜銆傚搰鍝堝搱~
涓夈佹枃浠舵悳绱㈠懡浠わ細(xì)
1.鏂囦歡鎼滅儲(chǔ)鍛戒護(hù):which 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/user/bin/which 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏄劇ず緋葷粺鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄧ洰褰?br>
2.鏂囦歡鎼滅儲(chǔ)鍛戒護(hù):find 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/user/bin/which 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?br> 娉細(xì)find鐨勫懡浠よ緝涓哄鏉?澶ц嚧鏍煎紡涓篺ind 鐩爣鐩綍 鎼滅儲(chǔ)閫夐」 鎼滅儲(chǔ)鏉′歡銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑鎼滅儲(chǔ)閫夐」鏈?縐嶏細(xì)
(1)-name 浠ユ枃浠舵垨鐩綍鐨勫悕縐版潵鎼滅儲(chǔ)錛屽父鐢?錛岋紵絳夐氶厤絎﹁繛鐢?br> (2)-size 浠ユ枃浠舵垨鑰呯洰褰曞ぇ灝忔潵鎼滅儲(chǔ),鐢?(澶т簬)銆?(灝忎簬)鏌愪竴涓暟瀛楁潵鎼滅儲(chǔ)銆傚崟浣嶆槸512瀛楄妭(block),100M=204800
(3)-user 浠ユ枃浠剁殑鎷ユ湁鑰呮潵鎼滅儲(chǔ)
(4)浠ユ椂闂寸殑鎼滅儲(chǔ)鏂瑰紡,甯哥敤-ctime銆?atime銆?mtime銆?cmin銆?amin銆?mmin,鍏朵腑time琛ㄧず澶?min琛ㄧず鍒嗛挓,c琛ㄧずchange鎸囦唬鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曠殑灞炴ц淇敼榪?a琛ㄧずaccess鎸囦唬鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曡璁塊棶榪?m琛ㄧずmodify鎸囦唬鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曠殑鍐呭琚慨鏀硅繃銆傚彟澶栫敤-琛ㄧず鍦ㄦ煇孌墊椂闂翠箣鍐?+琛ㄧず鏌愭鏃墮棿涔嬪銆備婦渚嬪涓?
浠ヤ笂紼嬪簭孌靛湪鍒椾婦浜?jiǎn)涓婇?縐嶆柟寮忓錛岃繕鍔犲叆浜?jiǎn)涓たU嶈繛鎺ョ銆傜涓縐嶆槸閫昏緫榪炴帴絎?-a琛ㄧずand鍗抽昏緫涓?-o琛ㄧずor鍗抽昏緫鎴?絎簩縐嶆槸鎵ц榪炴帴絎?褰撲綘鐢╢ind鏌ヨ鍒頒竴涓厓绱犻泦鍚堟椂錛屼綘鍙互閫氳繃-exec鏉ュ闆嗗悎涓殑鍏冪礌榪涜鎿嶄綔,瑕佺壒鍒敞鎰忔牸寮?-exec 鎿嶄綔鍛戒護(hù) {}\鍙﹀鍙互鐢╫k鏉ヤ唬鏇縠xec,涓よ呬箣闂村姛鑳界浉浼?涓嶅悓鐨勫湪浜巈xec鏄洿鎺ユ墽琛?鑰宱k浼?xì)鍏堣闂啀鎵ц銆?br>
3.鏂囦歡鎼滅儲(chǔ)鍛戒護(hù):locate 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/user/bin/locate 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:瀵繪壘鏂囦歡鎴栬呯洰褰?br> 娉細(xì)姝ゅ懡浠ゅ姛鑳界被浼間簬find錛屼絾鏌ユ壘鏂瑰紡涓嶅悓銆俧ind鏄湪紜洏?shù)腑鏌ユ壘锛岃宭ocate鏄湪鏂囦歡鐩綍鐨勬暟鎹簱鏌ユ壘錛岄熷害涓庢晥鐜囨瘮find蹇緢澶氥備絾鏈変竴涓己鐐瑰氨鏄紝濡傛灉浣犻渶瑕佹煡鎵劇殑鏂囦歡鍦ㄧ洰褰曟暟鎹簱涓病鏈夎褰曠殑璇濆氨鏌ユ壘涓嶅埌錛屾墍浠ュ父閰嶅悎鏇存柊鐩綍鏁版嵁搴撶殑updatedb浣跨敤銆?br>
浠庝笂闈㈢▼搴忔鍙互鐪嬪嚭錛屾垜鏂板垱寤虹殑test.file鏂囦歡鍒氬紑濮嬬敤locate鏌ユ壘涓嶅埌錛岃岀敤find鍗村彲浠ユ煡鍒般備絾褰撴垜鏇存柊榪囩洰褰曟枃浠舵暟鎹簱鍚庯紝鍐嶇敤locate灝卞彲浠ユ煡璇㈠埌浜?jiǎn)銆?br>
4. 鏂囦歡鎼滅儲(chǔ)鍛戒護(hù):grep 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/locate 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍦ㄦ寚瀹氭枃浠朵腑鎼滅儲(chǔ)鎸囧畾鐨勫瓧絎︿覆琛屽茍杈撳嚭
娉?涓句緥濡備笅錛屽湪services鏂囦歡涓煡鎵懼惈tftp瀛楃涓茬殑琛岋紝騫惰緭鍑?br>
鍥涖佸府鍔╁懡浠わ細(xì)
1.甯姪鍛戒護(hù):man 鑻辨枃鍘熷瀷錛歮anual 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/usr/bin/man 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鑾峰彇甯粍淇℃伅
娉?man鍚庨潰鍙互鎺ュ懡浠わ紝鍚屾椂涔熷彲浠ユ帴閰嶇疆鏂囦歡銆傚鏋滃懡浠ゅ拰閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鍚屽悕錛岄粯璁ゆ槸鍛戒護(hù)甯粍(man 1 commad),浣犲彲浠an 5 閰嶇疆file
2.甯姪鍛戒護(hù):whatis 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鑾峰彇綆鐭府鍔╀俊鎭?br> 娉細(xì)whatis涔熸槸浠庢煇甯姪淇℃伅鐨勬暟鎹簱涓煡璇㈠府鍔╋紝鎵浠ュ父鐢╩akewhatis鏉ユ洿鏂扮浉鍏蟲(chóng)暟鎹簱銆?br>
3.甯姪鍛戒護(hù):help 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鏌ョ湅shell鍐呯疆鍛戒護(hù)鐨勫府鍔╋紝man鏄宸煡璇hell鍐呯疆鍛戒護(hù)鐨勫府鍔╃殑銆傚綋浣犵敤man鏌ヨ鐨勬椂鍊欏鏋滄煡涓嶅埌浣犳墍闇瑕佺殑涓滆タ銆備篃璁哥敤help浣犱細(xì)鏈夋剰澶栫殑鏀惰幏錛屽搰鍛靛懙銆?/font>
浜斻?font size=4>鍘嬬緝鍛戒護(hù)錛?br> 1.鍘嬬緝鍛戒護(hù):gzip 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/gzip 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡錛堝彧鑳芥槸鏂囦歡錛屼笉鑳芥槸鐩綍錛?br> 娉?gzip鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡浼?xì)涓㈠け鍘熸枃錃g銆俫zip -d 鏂囦歡錛屾槸瑙ｅ帇緙?br>
2.鍘嬬緝鍛戒護(hù):gunzip 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/gunzip 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:瑙ｅ帇gizp鏂囦歡
3.鍘嬬緝鍛戒護(hù):tar 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/bin/tar 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鎶婃枃浠舵垨鐩綍鎵撳寘鎴愪竴涓簩榪涘埗鏂囦歡 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?cxvfz錛坈浠ｈ〃create鍗沖垱寤?x浠ｈ〃execute鍗寵В鍖?v浠ｈ〃view鍗蟲(chóng)煡鐪嬫墦鍖呮垨瑙ｅ寘榪囩▼,f涓巆榪炵敤琛ㄧず鎵撳寘鍚庣殑鏂囦歡鍚嶇О,f涓巟榪炵敤琛ㄧず瑙ｅ寘鐨勭洰鏍囧悕縐?z涓巆榪炵敤琛ㄧず鎵撳寘鍚庡帇緙╋紝z涓巟榪炵敤琛ㄧず瑙ｅ寘鍚庤В鍘嬶級(jí)
娉細(xì)f蹇呴』鏀懼湪鍙夐」鐨勬渶鍚庯紝婧愭枃浠跺湪鍓嶏紝鐩爣鏂囦歡鍦ㄥ悗銆備笅闈㈡紨紺鴻鍛戒護(hù):
4.鍘嬬緝鍛戒護(hù):zip 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/usr/bin/zip 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:浠ip鐨勫艦寮忓帇緙╂枃浠舵垨鐩綍 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?r錛坮琛ㄧず鍘嬬緝鐩綍錛?br> 娉細(xì)zip鏍煎紡鏄笌window涔嬮棿鏃犻渶杞崲鑰屽彲閫氱敤鐨勫帇緙╂牸寮忥紝鐢ㄦ潵鍘嬬緝涓浜涗笉澶т笖鍏變韓涓庡弻緋葷粺闂寸殑鏂囦歡寰堝ソ銆?br>
5.鍘嬬緝鍛戒護(hù):unzip 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/usr/bin/unzip 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:浠ip鐨勫艦寮忚В鍘嬫枃浠舵垨鐩綍
6.鍘嬬緝鍛戒護(hù):bzip2 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/usr/bin/bzip2 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:浠zip2鐨勫艦寮忓帇緙╂枃浠訛紙鏄痝zip鐨勫崌綰х増錛?nbsp; 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?k錛堝帇緙╁悗淇濈暀鍘熸枃浠訛級(jí)
鍏佺綉緇滈氫俊鍛戒護(hù)錛?br> 1.緗戠粶閫氫俊鍛戒護(hù):write 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/usr/bin/write 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍚戝彟澶栦竴涓敤鎴峰疄鏃跺彂閫佹秷鎭紝騫朵互CTRL+d緇撴潫
娉?鏍煎紡鏄痺rite 鐢ㄦ埛
2.緗戠粶閫氫俊鍛戒護(hù):wall 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/usr/bin/wall 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍚戞墍鏈夌敤鎴峰箍鎾秷鎭?br>
3.緗戠粶閫氫俊鍛戒護(hù):ping 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/usr/sbin/ping 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍙戦乮cmp鎶ユ枃 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?cs錛坈浠ｈ〃count鍗蟲(chóng)帶鍒舵姤鏂囨暟鐩紝s浠ｈ〃鎶ユ枃澶у皬錛?br>
涓冦佺郴緇熷懡浠わ細(xì)
1.緋葷粺鍛戒護(hù):shutdown 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/usr/sbin/shutdown 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍏蟲(chóng)満 甯哥敤鍙夐」錛?h錛坔浠ｈ〃hour鍗沖灝戝皬鏃朵互鍚庡叧鏈猴級(jí)
2.緋葷粺鍛戒護(hù):reboot 鍛戒護(hù)鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?/usr/sbin/reboot 鎵ц鏉冮檺:鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br> 鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:閲嶅惎
鍏丼hell鍛戒護(hù)錛?br> shell鏄竴鏁村懡浠よ瑙ｉ噴紼嬪簭錛屼竴涓猯inux鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍙互鏈夊涓猻hell錛屾垜浠彲浠ユ煡鐪嬶細(xì)
鎿嶄綔緋葷粺榛樿鐨勪竴鑸槸bash,鎴戜篃鏄敤bash銆傚湪shell涓紝浣犲彲鐢╰ab閿嚜鍔ㄨˉ鍏ㄣ?br>
1.Shell鍛戒護(hù):alias
鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍒悕鏈哄埗,alias 鍒悕="鍛戒護(hù) -閫夐」"錛堣嫢娌℃湁閫夐」鍙笉鐢ㄥ紩鍙鳳級(jí)
娉細(xì)unalias 鍒悕錛屽彲浠ヨВ闄ゅ埆鍚?br>
2.Shell鍛戒護(hù):alias
鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鍒悕鏈哄埗,alias 鍒悕="鍛戒護(hù) -閫夐」"錛堣嫢娌℃湁閫夐」鍙笉鐢ㄥ紩鍙鳳級(jí)
娉細(xì)unalias 鍒悕錛屽彲浠ヨВ闄ゅ埆鍚?br>
3.Shell鍛戒護(hù):> >> < 2>
鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:杈撳嚭銆侀檮鍔犺緭鍑恒佽緭鍏ャ侀敊璇緭鍑?br> 娉?榪涚▼鐨勬枃浠舵弿榪板瓧鏄?杈撳嚭涓?錛岃緭鍏ヤ負(fù)1錛岄敊璇緭鍑轟負(fù)2
4.Shell鍛戒護(hù): | 錛堢閬擄級(jí)
鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:鎶婂墠涓涓懡浠ょ殑杈撳嚭緇撴灉浣滀負(fù)涓嬩竴涓懡浠ょ殑杈撳叆鍙傛暟銆?br>
絎竴涓妸ls鍛戒護(hù)鐨勬煡璇㈢粨鏋滅敤more鍛戒護(hù)鏉ヨ鍙栵紝鍚庨潰綾諱技銆?br>
5.Shell鍛戒護(hù): ; && || (鍛戒護(hù)榪炴帴絎?/font>)
鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:濡備笅
6.Shell鍛戒護(hù): ``(鍛戒護(hù)鏇挎崲絎﹀彿)
鍔熻兘琛ㄨ堪:濡備笅
]]>
1.榪涜鍓嶆湡鍑嗗宸ヤ綔錛屾垜浠渶瑕佷笅杞戒袱涓笢瑗褲俻s:鎴戣linux鏄熀浜庤櫄鎷熸満錛岄偅鏍鋒瘮杈冮傚悎鑿滈笩銆傜涓涓涓嬭澆鐨勪笢瑗垮氨鏄櫄鎷熸満vmware,浣犲彲浠ュ埌http://www.vmware.com/鐨勫畼鏂圭綉绔欏幓涓嬭澆鏈鏂扮殑鐗堟湰錛岃繖嬈℃垜涓嬭澆鐨勬槸VMware-workstation-7.1.3鐗?璨屼技鐢╳orkstation姣旇緝濂斤紝姣旇緝寮哄ぇ).絎簩涓涓嬭澆鐨勪笢瑗垮氨鏄搷浣滅郴緇熶簡(jiǎn),鎴戦夌敤鐨勬槸centos,涓涓孩甯界郴鍒楃殑linux錛屼綘鍙互鍒?a >http://www.centos.org/鍘諱笅杞斤紝榪欐鎴戜笅杞界殑鏄疌entOS-5.5-i386-bin-DVD鐗堟湰(娉ㄦ剰鍒笅鎴愭簮鐮佷簡(jiǎn)錛岃涓嬬殑鏄暅鍍忔枃浠?.
2.鍑嗗濂戒互鍚庡紑濮嬪畨瑁卾mware浜?鍙屽嚮瀹夎紼嬪簭
鍑虹幇涓婂浘錛岀劧鍚庝竴鐩翠笅涓姝ワ紝璁板緱閫夊吀鍨嬪畨瑁咃紝鏂逛究涓鐐廣?br>
3.瀹夎濂絯mware鍚庯紝寮濮嬪湪wmware閲岄潰閰嶇疆瀹夎centos.鍏堣繘鍏mmare錛屽嚭鐜頒笅鍥劇晫闈?
鐐瑰嚮涓棿閭ｄ釜new virtual machine,寮濮嬪垱寤轟竴涓柊鐨勮櫄鎷熸満錛岄夋嫨鍏稿瀷浠ュ悗錛屼細(xì)鍑虹幇涓嬪浘:
榪欓噷鏄浣犻夋嫨榪欎釜铏氭嫙鏈烘搷浣滅郴緇熺殑瀹夎紼嬪簭鍦ㄥ摢閲岋紝榛樿鏄夋嫨鐨勫厜椹便備絾鎴戜滑宸茬粡涓嬩簡(jiǎn)闀滃儚鏂囦歡錛屾墍浠ョ偣鍑葷浜屼釜installer disc image file,鐒跺悗浠巄rowse閲岄潰閫夋嫨鎴戜滑鍒氭墠涓嬭澆鐨刢entos闀滃儚鏂囦歡鍗沖彲銆傜戶緇笅涓姝?
絎竴涓猣ullname鏄綘榪欎釜鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍦ㄨ櫄鎷熸満鍙粈涔堝悕瀛楋紝涓嬮潰閭ｄ釜璨屼技涓涓敤鎴風(fēng)殑娉ㄥ唽錛屾殏鏃朵笉鐭ラ亾紲為┈鐢ㄣ傘傝澶у鍛婅瘔鎴戙傜戶緇偣鍑諱笅涓姝ワ紝鍑虹幇涓涓?0G鐨勪笢瑗匡紝榪欎釜浜嬬粰铏氭嫙鏈虹殑榪欎釜鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍒嗛厤紜洏錛屼笉瑕佺湅20G榪欎箞澶э紝榪欏彧鏄竴涓笂闄愶紝涓鑸搷浣滅郴緇熺敤涓嶄簡(jiǎn)20G鐨勶紝鍝囧懙鍛點(diǎn)傜偣鍑諱笅涓姝ワ細(xì)
榪欓噷鍒楀嚭鏉ョ殑鏄搷浣滅郴緇熺‖浠剁殑涓浜涢厤緗紙涓嶆槸鐪熸鐨勭‖浠訛紝浣犺櫄鎷熸満铏氭嫙鍑烘潵鐨勯厤緗級(jí)錛岀偣鍑籧ustomize hardware鍙互淇敼閲岄潰鐨勫弬鏁幫紝涓鑸棤瑙嗗氨濂斤紝鍝囧懙鍛祣~鍐嶇偣鍑籪inish錛寃mware灝辯畻閰嶇疆濂戒簡(jiǎn)錛屽埌姝ゆ悶涓孌佃惤錛屾帴涓嬫潵鏄櫄鎷熸満灝變細(xì)閲嶅惎寮濮嬭繘鍏entos鐨勫畨瑁呯晫闈紝濡傛灉浣犳病鏈夐噸鍚殑璇濓紝浣犲氨鎵嬪姩鐐逛竴涓媝ower on鐨勬寜閽潵寮鏈恒?br>
4.鎺ヤ笅鏉ュ氨鏄畨瑁卌entos浜?jiǎn)锛岄噸鍚互鍚庝細(xì)杩涘叆濡備笅鐣岄?
涓婇潰宸茬粡鍐欑殑寰堟竻妤氫簡(jiǎn)錛屽鏋滀綘瑕佺敤鍥懼艦鐣岄潰鐨勬柟寮忓畨瑁呯殑鐨勮瘽錛岃鎸夊洖杞﹂敭錛岃繖鏃跺欐垜浠簲璇ユ涓嶇姽璞殑鎸変竴涓嬪洖杞﹂敭錛屾貳鐒朵綘濡傛灉鐘硅鮑涓涓嬩篃娌″叧緋伙紝鍝囧搱鍝垀~~榪涘叆瀹夎浠ュ悗錛岄鍏堣浣犻夋嫨瀹夎榪囩▼涓殑璇█錛屾灉鏂変腑鏂囦笉銆傘傘傜劧鍚庝細(xì)閫夋嫨閿洏錛屽簲璇ユ槸閫夌編鍥借嫳璇紡錛岀劧鍚庝笅涓姝ワ紙榪欎釜鏃跺欏彲鑳戒細(xì)寮瑰嚭涓涓獥鍙ｏ紝璇磋鏍煎紡鍖栧垎鍖烘墠鑳借錛屼綘鐐規(guī)槸灝辨槸浜?jiǎn)銆傛斁蹇?jī)锛屼粬鍙細(xì)鎶婅櫄鎷熸満鍒嗛厤缁欐搷浣溇p葷粺鐨勯偅閮ㄥ垎紜洏鏍煎紡鍖栵紝涓嶄細(xì)褰卞搷浣犵幇鍦ㄧ殑緋葷粺錛夈傜劧鍚庣戶緇笅涓姝ワ細(xì)
榪欓噷鐨勮瘽瑕佺◢寰參鐐癸紝榪欓噷鏄夋嫨鍒嗗尯錛屾垜鍙嶆鏄変簡(jiǎn)鑷畾涔夊垎鍖虹粨鏋勶紝鍏朵粬鐨勯変簡(jiǎn)鏈変粈涔堝悗鏋滄垜琛ㄧず涓嶇煡閬擄紒銆傘傘傝繖閲屽嚭鐜頒簡(jiǎn)涓涓猻da鐨勫瓧鏍鳳紝紼嶅井瑙ｉ噴涓涓嬶紝sd琛ㄧずsata綾誨瀷鐨勭‖鐩?sda鍙堣〃紺烘嫻嬪埌鐨勭涓鍧梥d鍨嬬殑紜洏鎵浠ュ氨鍙玸da,濡傛灉浣犳湁澶氬潡鐨勮瘽錛屽氨浼?xì)鍙玸db\sdc絳夈傘傜劧鍚庝笅涓姝ワ細(xì)
榪欓噷灝辨槸緇欏垰鎵嶇殑20G紜洏鍒嗛厤絀洪棿浜?jiǎn)銆傝繖閲岄渶瑕佽涓涓嬶紝linux鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熷拰windows鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熸槸瀹屽叏涓嶅悓鐨勶紝linux娌℃湁鎵璋撶殑鐩樼鐨勬蹇碉紙鍗蟲(chóng)病鏈塁鐩樸乨鐩橈級(jí)錛屾崲涔嬫槸瀹屽叏鐨勪竴涓掓爲(wèi)緇撴瀯錛屽氨鏄竴涓牴鐩綍錛岀劧鍚庢墍鏈夌殑鏂囦歡閾炬帴鍦ㄤ笂闈紝浣嗘槸騫朵笉鏄兂璞＄殑榪欎箞綆鍗曘備互鍚庣殑絎旇涓紝鎴戜細(xì)鎱㈡參鐨勫府澶у娣卞叆嫻呭嚭linux鐨勬枃浠剁鐞嗭紝榪欓噷灝變笉璇翠簡(jiǎn)銆傞鍏堟垜鐐規(guī)柊寤虹殑鎸夐挳錛屽嚭鐜頒笅鍥?
鎸傝澆鐐規(guī)垜浠氨鏆傛椂鐞嗚В涓虹洰褰曞惂錛屾暣涓垎閰嶇┖闂寸殑榪囩▼涓紝鎴戜滑蹇呴』鍒嗛厤涓や釜綾誨瀷鐨勭┖闂淬傜涓涓氨鏄牴鐩綍錛屼篃灝辨槸涓婂浘涓〃紺虹殑/(宸︽枩鏉?,絀洪棿綾誨瀷閫塭xt3灝卞彲浠ヤ簡(jiǎn)錛屽ぇ灝忕◢寰澶т竴鐐癸紝鍥犱負(fù)鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨勬墍鏈夋枃浠舵槸浼?xì)榛樿鏀惧湪鏍圭洰褰曚笅闈㈢殑锛屽鏋滀笉澶熷ぇ灏眊ame over浜?jiǎn)銆傜劧鍚庣浜屼釜蹇呴』鍒嗛厤鐨勭┖闂存槸swap絀洪棿,浣犳柊寤轟竴涓洰褰曪紝鎸傝澆鐐逛笉鐢ㄩ夌洿鎺ュ湪鏂囦歡緋葷粺綾誨瀷鍝噷閫夋嫨swap灝卞彲浠ヤ簡(jiǎn)錛屽ぇ灝忕殑璇濓紝瀹樻柟寤鴻鏄唴瀛樼殑涓ゅ嶃傝瘽璇村榪囨搷浣滅郴緇熺殑瀛╁瓙浠兘鐭ラ亾錛宻wap鐩綍灝辨槸铏氭嫙鍐呭瓨鏈哄埗鍦ㄧ‖鐩樹(shù)笂寮鍒涚殑鍋囧唴瀛樿屽凡錛屽搰鍛靛懙鍛祣~~鍒嗚繖涓や釜蹇呴』鍒嗛厤鐨勭┖闂翠互鍚庯紝濡傛灉榪樻湁鍓╀笅鐨勶紝浣犲彲浠ヤ換鎰忓垎閰嶄簡(jiǎn)銆傘傘傚垎瀹屽氨鐐逛笅涓姝ワ紝鐒跺悗鏄鐢╣rub寮曞紼嬪簭鏉ュ紩瀵兼搷浣滅郴緇燂紝涓嶇敤綆￠粯璁ゅ嵆鍙紝涓嬩竴姝ワ細(xì)
榪欓噷闈炲父閲嶈錛岃繖閲屾槸閰嶇疆涓婄綉鐨勭浉鍏充俊鎭紝鍥犱負(fù)姣忎釜浜虹殑鎯呭喌鏈夋墍涓嶅悓錛屾垜瀹剁殑璇濓紝鏄氳繃鍗曚綅鐨勫眬鍩熺綉鎺ュ叆緗戠粶鐨勶紝鐒跺悗鎴戝鍙堜拱浜?jiǎn)涓涓棤綰胯礬鐢卞櫒錛屾墍浠ユ垜瀹跺張鏄竴涓皬灞鍩熺綉錛宻o鎴戦夋嫨dhcp鐨勮嚜鍔ㄩ厤緗傚鏋滃ぇ瀹剁敤鐨勬槸鍥哄畾IP鐨勮瘽錛屽氨鑷繁鏀逛竴涓嬪惂銆傘備笅涓姝ワ紝瑕佽緗竴涓瘑鐮侊紝榪欎釜瀵嗙爜鏄搷浣滅郴緇熺殑root鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝璇濊榪欎釜root鍦ㄤ綘榪欎釜鎿嶄綔緋葷粺閲岄潰鍙槸鏈澶х殑鍣紝榪樻槸璁捐涓涓瘮杈冮珮綰х殑瀵嗙爜鍚э紝涓嶇劧琚埆浜虹牬浜?jiǎn)銆傚氨鍑嗗鍝妸~~~涓嬩竴姝ワ細(xì)
榪欓噷鏄潵閫夋嫨瀹夎涓浜沴inux鑷甫鐨勮蔣浠訛紝鍏朵腑涓婇潰鐨勬妗嗛噷闈㈠墠涓や釜鏄浘褰㈠寲鐣岄潰錛屽搱鍝堜竴嬈″彲浠ュ畨瑁?涓浘鍍忓寲鐣岄潰錛岀浉褰撶妧鍒╁惂錛寃indows鍙槸鍋氫笉鍒板櫌銆傚ぇ瀹舵寜鐓ц嚜宸辯殑鎰忔効閫夊惂錛屾病浠涔堝繀欏葷殑銆傘備笅涓姝ャ傘傘傝矊浼兼病鏈変笅涓姝ヤ簡(jiǎn)銆傘傚氨鍙堥噸鍚湡鐨勫紑濮嬭浜?jiǎn)銆傝繖閲屾敞鎰忎笅錛岄噸鍚互鍚庢渶濂藉厛鎶婃搷浣滅郴緇熷叧鏈猴紝鎶婂垰鍒氫箣鍓嶈緗殑闀滃儚鏂囦歡璺緞鏀規(guī)帀錛屼笉鐒墮噸鍚氨鍙堜細(xì)榪涘叆闀滃儚鏂囦歡涓幓錛岃屼笉鏄繘鍏ユ搷浣滅郴緇熴?br>
5.閲嶅惎榪涘叆鎿嶄綔緋葷粺涔嬪悗錛岄鍏堣閰嶇疆涓浜涙搷浣滅郴緇熺殑涓滆タ錛屾瘮濡傛椂闂淬傞槻鐏涔嬬被鐨勩傚氨涓嶈浜?jiǎn)锛岀劧鍚庤緭鍏oot鍜屼綘鍒氬垰璁劇疆鐨勫瘑鐮佽繘鍏ヤ笅鍥?
鑳藉鍒拌揪榪欓噷錛岃鏄庝綘鐨刲inux宸茬粡瀹屽叏瑁呭ソ浜?jiǎn)銆傘傘傘傚搰鍝堝搱~鎭枩鎭枩錛岀孩鍖呮嬁鏉~~~
]]>