以前用fedora配置yum很方便,可是來(lái)到RHLE就不是那么順手了,如果不做如下設(shè)置,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)不能通過(guò)yum安裝軟件的情況,下面是詳細(xì)配置(網(wǎng)上找的)
首先，rhel5系統(tǒng)安裝的時(shí)候其實(shí)已經(jīng)有yum了，只是因?yàn)槿绻霉俜降木W(wǎng)站更新的話除非你是用錢買的rhel5.否則它會(huì)提示注冊(cè)之類的。所以只要把 yum的更新地址改成開(kāi)源的就行了。而限定yum更新地址的文件在/etc/yum.repos.d/里。先把它們改成備份文件，即在后面加.bak。
[root@killgoogle ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak
[root@killgoogle ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew.bak
建立新的配置文件：
[root@killgoogle ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@killgoogle ~]# touch rhel-debuginfo.repo
[root@killgoogle ~]# touch mirrors-rpmforge
[root@killgoogle ~]# touch rpmforge.repo
往新的配置文件寫東西：
[root@killgoogle ~]#vi rhel-debuginfo.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-5 - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&
repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-5 - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-5 - Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-5 - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-5 - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
# vi dag.repo
[dag]
name=Dag RPM Repository for RHEL5
baseurl=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
修改第二個(gè)配置文件：
[root@killgoogle ~]vi mirrors-rpmforge
http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/dag.wieers/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://ftp2.lcpe.uni-sofia.bg/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
#http://ftp.heanet.ie/pub/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/mirror/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://rh-mirror.linux.iastate.edu/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
修改第三個(gè)配置文件：
[root@killgoogle ~]# vi rpmforge.repo
# Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise 5 - dag
# URL: http://rpmforge.net/
[rpmforge]
name = Red Hat Enterprise $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag
#baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag
mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/mirrors-rpmforge
#mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge
enabled = 1
protect = 0
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag
gpgcheck = 1
如果風(fēng)速慢的話可以通過(guò)增加yum的超時(shí)時(shí)間，這樣就不會(huì)總是因?yàn)槌瑫r(shí)而退出。
[root@killgoogle ~]vi /etc/yum.conf
加上這么一句：timeout=120
到這里配置差不多就完了。還有一個(gè)包需要安裝：rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
如果不安裝的話有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下錯(cuò)誤：GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 5] OSError: [Errno 2] 沒(méi)有那個(gè)文件或目錄: '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag'
到http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/找到這個(gè)包，然后
[root@killgoogle ~]rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
接下來(lái)就是輸入KEY了。
[root@killgoogle ~] rpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
這樣基本上yum就可以用了。不過(guò)如果覺(jué)得不爽的話還可以優(yōu)化：
加速yum
[root@killgoogle ~]yum install yum-fastestmirror yum-presto
指定或去掉軟件源的mirror:
可以在baseurl中將比較慢的mirror去掉
你的yum鏡像的速度測(cè)試記錄文件：
/var/cache/yum/timedhosts.txt
yum Existing lock 錯(cuò)誤的解決辦法
如果系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候， yum 出現(xiàn)Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 3380. Aborting. 可以用下面的辦法解決：
[root@killgoogle ~]/etc/init.d/yum-updatesd stop
也可以用以下方法：
[root@killgoogle ~]rm -f /var/run/yum.pid
主要原因就是yum在自動(dòng)更新只要關(guān)掉它就可以了
完了。現(xiàn)在就可以測(cè)試能不能用了哦：
[root@killgoogle ~]yum install mplayer
這是安裝mplayer如果要?jiǎng)h除則是：
[root@killgoogle ~]yum remove mplayer