圖像序列
圖像序列是由圖像組構(gòu)成的，是隨機(jī)存取段落。
sequence_header_code – The sequence_header_code is the bit string ‘000001B3’ in hexadecimal
sequence_end_code – The sequence_end_code is the bit string ‘000001B7’ in hexadecimal.
MPEG-2為了實(shí)現(xiàn)隨機(jī)訪問，在碼流中會(huì)插入repeat_sequence_header,它可以插在I、P幀或GOP前面；假如是場(chǎng)編碼，只能插在第一場(chǎng)前面。
圖像組頭
圖像組（GOP）是為方便隨機(jī)存取而加的，圖像組是隨機(jī)存取視頻單位。一個(gè)GOP由一串IBP幀組成，起始為I幀。基準(zhǔn)幀(I/P)的反復(fù)頻率用M表示，它描述為多少幀里出現(xiàn)一次I/P幀。GOP的長(zhǎng)度是一個(gè)I幀到下一個(gè)I 幀的間隔，即多少幀里面出現(xiàn)一次I幀，一般用N表示，這個(gè)長(zhǎng)度是可變的，長(zhǎng)GOP可以提供高的壓縮比，但是會(huì)造成隨機(jī)存取的延遲（必須等到下一個(gè)I幀）和誤差的積累（P幀的誤差傳播）。一般是一秒內(nèi)有兩個(gè)I幀，用來作為隨機(jī)存取的入口。在MPEG2中也沒有規(guī)定GOP的結(jié)構(gòu)，幀反復(fù)方式可以是IP，IB，IBP，IBBP，甚至全部是I幀。
M=1 N=X：IPPP...
M=2 N=X：IBPBP...
M=3 N=X：IBBPBBP...
MPEG-2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的GOP語法結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
group_start_code – The group_start_code is the bit string ‘000001B8’ in hexadecimal.
closed_gop – This is a one-bit flag which indicates the nature of the predictions used in the first consecutive B-pictures (if any) immediately following the first coded I-frame following the group of picture header.closed_gop is set to ‘1’ to indicate that these B-pictures have been encoded using only backward prediction or intracoding.
broken_link – This is a one-bit flag which shall be set to ‘0’ during encoding. It is set to ‘1’ to indicate that the first
consecutive B-Pictures (if any) immediately following the first coded I-frame following the group of picture header may not be correctly decoded because the reference frame which is used for prediction is not available (because of the action of editing).A decoder may use this flag to avoid displaying frames that cannot be correctly decoded.
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