說明：復制表(只復制結構,源表名：a 新表名：b)
SQL: select * into b from a where 1<>1
說明：拷貝表(拷貝數據,源表名：a 目標表名：b)
SQL: insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
說明：顯示文章、提交人和最后回復時間
SQL: select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
說明：外連接查詢(表名1：a 表名2：b)
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
說明：日程安排提前五分鐘提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f開始時間,getdate())>5
說明：兩張關聯表，刪除主表中已經在副表中沒有的信息
SQL:
delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid )
說明：--
SQL:
SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM TABLE1,
(SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM TABLE2
WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')) X,
(SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM TABLE2
WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') =
TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM') || '/01','YYYY/MM/DD') - 1, 'YYYY/MM') ) Y,
WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM （+）
AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) <> X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B
WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM
說明：--
SQL:
select * from studentinfo where not exists(select * from student where studentinfo.id=student.id) and 系名稱='"&strdepartmentname&"' and 專業名稱='"&strprofessionname&"' order by 性別,生源地,高考總成績
說明：
從數據庫中去一年的各單位電話費統計(電話費定額賀電化肥清單兩個表來源）
SQL:
SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) AS DEC
FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a
GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy')
說明：四表聯查問題：
SQL: select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
說明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID號
SQL:
SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID
FROM Handle
WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)
====================================
SQL語句技巧
1、一個SQL語句的問題:行列轉換
select * from v_temp
上面的視圖結果如下:
user_name role_name
-------------------------
系統管理員 管理員
feng 管理員
feng 一般用戶
test 一般用戶
想把結果變成這樣:
user_name role_name
---------------------------
系統管理員 管理員
feng 管理員,一般用戶
test 一般用戶
===================
create table a_test(name varchar(20),role2 varchar(20))
insert into a_test values('李','管理員')
insert into a_test values('張','管理員')
insert into a_test values('張','一般用戶')
insert into a_test values('常','一般用戶')
create function join_str(@content varchar(100))
returns varchar(2000)
as
begin
declare @str varchar(2000)
set @str=''
select @str=@str+','+rtrim(role2) from a_test where [name]=@content
select @str=right(@str,len(@str)-1)
return @str
end
go
--調用：
select [name],dbo.join_str([name]) role2 from a_test group by [name]
--select distinct name,dbo.uf_test(name) from a_test
2、求助！快速比較結構相同的兩表
結構相同的兩表，一表有記錄3萬條左右，一表有記錄2萬條左右，我怎樣快速查找兩表的不同記錄？
============================
給你一個測試方法，從northwind中的orders表取數據。
select * into n1 from orders
select * into n2 from orders
select * from n1
select * from n2
--添加主鍵，然后修改n1中若干字段的若干條
alter table n1 add constraint pk_n1_id primary key (OrderID)
alter table n2 add constraint pk_n2_id primary key (OrderID)
select OrderID from (select * from n1
union
select * from n2) a group by OrderID having count(*) > 1
應該可以，而且將不同的記錄的ID顯示出來。
下面的適用于雙方記錄一樣的情況，
select * from n1 where orderid in
(
select OrderID from (select * from n1
union
select * from n2) a group by OrderID having count(*) > 1
)
至于雙方互不存在的記錄是比較好處理的
--刪除n1,n2中若干條記錄
delete from n1 where orderID in ('10728','10730')
delete from n2 where orderID in ('11000','11001')
--*************************************************************
-- 雙方都有該記錄卻不完全相同
select * from n1 where orderid in
(
select OrderID from (select * from n1
union
select * from n2) a group by OrderID having count(*) > 1
)
union
--n2中存在但在n1中不存的在10728,10730
select * from n1 where OrderID not in (select OrderID from n2)
union
--n1中存在但在n2中不存的在11000,11001
select * from n2 where OrderID not in (select OrderID from n1)
3.
四種方法取表里n到m條紀錄：
1.
select top m * into 臨時表(或表變量) from tablename order by columnname -- 將top m筆插入
set rowcount n
select * from 表變量 order by columnname desc
2.
select top n * from
(select top m * from tablename order by columnname) a
order by columnname desc
3.如果tablename里沒有其他identity列，那么：
select identity(int) id0,* into #temp from tablename
取n到m條的語句為：
select * from #temp where id0 >=n and id0 <= m
如果你在執行select identity(int) id0,* into #temp from tablename這條語句的時候報錯,那是因為你的DB中間的select into/bulkcopy屬性沒有打開要先執行：
exec sp_dboption 你的DB名字,'select into/bulkcopy',true
4.如果表里有identity屬性，那么簡單：
select * from tablename where identitycol between n and m
5.如何刪除一個表中重復的記錄？
create table a_dist(id int,name varchar(20))
insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
exec up_distinct 'a_dist','id'
select * from a_dist
create procedure up_distinct(@t_name varchar(30),@f_key varchar(30))
--f_key表示是分組字段﹐即主鍵字段
as
begin
declare @max integer,@id varchar(30) ,@sql varchar(7999) ,@type integer
select @sql = 'declare cur_rows cursor for select '+@f_key+' ,count(*) from ' +@t_name +' group by ' +@f_key +' having count(*) > 1'
exec(@sql)
open cur_rows
fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
select @max = @max -1
set rowcount @max
select @type = xtype from syscolumns where id=object_id(@t_name) and name=@f_key
if @type=56
select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+ @id
if @type=167
select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+''''+ @id +''''
exec(@sql)
fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
end
close cur_rows
deallocate cur_rows
set rowcount 0
end
select * from systypes
select * from syscolumns where id = object_id('a_dist')
6.查詢數據的最大排序問題（只能用一條語句寫）
CREATE TABLE hard (qu char (11) ,co char (11) ,je numeric(3, 0))
insert into hard values ('A','1',3)
insert into hard values ('A','2',4)
insert into hard values ('A','4',2)
insert into hard values ('A','6',9)
insert into hard values ('B','1',4)
insert into hard values ('B','2',5)
insert into hard values ('B','3',6)
insert into hard values ('C','3',4)
insert into hard values ('C','6',7)
insert into hard values ('C','2',3)
要求查詢出來的結果如下：
qu co je
----------- ----------- -----
A 6 9
A 2 4
B 3 6
B 2 5
C 6 7
C 3 4
就是要按qu分組，每組中取je最大的前2位！！
而且只能用一句sql語句！！！
select * from hard a where je in (select top 2 je from hard b where a.qu=b.qu order by je)
7.求刪除重復記錄的sql語句？
怎樣把具有相同字段的紀錄刪除，只留下一條。
例如，表test里有id,name字段
如果有name相同的記錄 只留下一條，其余的刪除。
name的內容不定，相同的記錄數不定。
有沒有這樣的sql語句？
==============================
A:一個完整的解決方案：
將重復的記錄記入temp1表:
select [標志字段id],count(*) into temp1 from [表名]
group by [標志字段id]
having count(*)>1
2、將不重復的記錄記入temp1表:
insert temp1
select [標志字段id],count(*) from [表名]
group by [標志字段id]
having count(*)=1
3、作一個包含所有不重復記錄的表：
select * into temp2 from [表名]
where 標志字段id in(select 標志字段id from temp1)
4、刪除重復表:
delete [表名]
5、恢復表：
insert [表名]
select * from temp2
6、刪除臨時表:
drop table temp1
drop table temp2
================================
B:
create table a_dist(id int,name varchar(20))
insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
exec up_distinct 'a_dist','id'
select * from a_dist
create procedure up_distinct(@t_name varchar(30),@f_key varchar(30))
--f_key表示是分組字段﹐即主鍵字段
as
begin
declare @max integer,@id varchar(30) ,@sql varchar(7999) ,@type integer
select @sql = 'declare cur_rows cursor for select '+@f_key+' ,count(*) from ' +@t_name +' group by ' +@f_key +' having count(*) > 1'
exec(@sql)
open cur_rows
fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
select @max = @max -1
set rowcount @max
select @type = xtype from syscolumns where id=object_id(@t_name) and name=@f_key
if @type=56
select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+ @id
if @type=167
select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+''''+ @id +''''
exec(@sql)
fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
end
close cur_rows
deallocate cur_rows
set rowcount 0
end
select * from systypes
select * from syscolumns where id = object_id('a_dist')
SQL import& export command
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp SettleDB.dbo.shanghu out c:\temp1.xls -c -q -S"GNETDATA/GNETDATA" -U"sa" -P""'
/*********** 導入Excel
SELECT *
FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source="c:\test.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')...xactions
/*動態文件名
declare @fn varchar(20),@s varchar(1000)
set @fn = 'c:\test.xls'
set @s ='''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
''Data Source="'+@fn+'";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0'''
set @s = 'SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource ('+@s+')...sheet1$'
exec(@s)
*/
SELECT cast(cast(科目編號 as numeric(10,2)) as nvarchar(255))+' ' 轉換后的別名
FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source="c:\test.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')...xactions
/********************** EXCEL導到遠程SQL
insert OPENDATASOURCE(
'SQLOLEDB',
'Data Source=遠程ip;User ID=sa;Password=密碼'
).庫名.dbo.表名 (列名1,列名2)
SELECT 列名1,列名2
FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source="c:\test.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')...xactions
/** 導入文本文件
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp dbname..tablename in c:\DT.txt -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'
/** 導出文本文件
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp dbname..tablename out c:\DT.txt -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'
或
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "Select * from dbname..tablename" queryout c:\DT.txt -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'
導出到TXT文本，用逗號分開
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "庫名..表名" out "d:\tt.txt" -c -t ,-U sa -P password'
BULK INSERT 庫名..表名
FROM 'c:\test.txt'
WITH (
FIELDTERMINATOR = ';',
ROWTERMINATOR = '\n'
)
--/* dBase IV文件
select * from
OPENROWSET('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'dBase IV;HDR=NO;IMEX=2;DATABASE=C:\','select * from [客戶資料4.dbf]')
--*/
--/* dBase III文件
select * from
OPENROWSET('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'dBase III;HDR=NO;IMEX=2;DATABASE=C:\','select * from [客戶資料3.dbf]')
--*/
--/* FoxPro 數據庫
select * from openrowset('MSDASQL',
'Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;SourceType=DBF;SourceDB=c:\',
'select * from [aa.DBF]')
--*/
/**************導入DBF文件****************/
select * from openrowset('MSDASQL',
'Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;
SourceDB=e:\VFP98\data;
SourceType=DBF',
'select * from customer where country != "USA" order by country')
go
/***************** 導出到DBF ***************/
如果要導出數據到已經生成結構(即現存的)FOXPRO表中,可以直接用下面的SQL語句
insert into openrowset('MSDASQL',
'Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;SourceType=DBF;SourceDB=c:\',
'select * from [aa.DBF]')
select * from 表
說明:
SourceDB=c:\ 指定foxpro表所在的文件夾
aa.DBF 指定foxpro表的文件名.
/*************導出到Access********************/
insert into openrowset('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'x:\A.mdb';'admin';'',A表) select * from 數據庫名..B表
/*************導入Access********************/
insert into B表 selet * from openrowset('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'x:\A.mdb';'admin';'',A表)
文件名為參數
declare @fname varchar(20)
set @fname = 'd:\test.mdb'
exec('SELECT a.* FROM opendatasource(''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
'''+@fname+''';''admin'';'''', topics) as a ')
SELECT *
FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source="f:\northwind.mdb";Jet OLEDB:Database Password=123;User ID=Admin;Password=;')...產品
********************* 導入 xml 文件
DECLARE @idoc int
DECLARE @doc varchar(1000)
--sample XML document
SET @doc ='
<root>
<Customer cid= "C1" name="Janine" city="Issaquah">
<Order oid="O1" date="1/20/1996" amount="3.5" />
<Order oid="O2" date="4/30/1997" amount="13.4">Customer was very satisfied
</Order>
</Customer>
<Customer cid="C2" name="Ursula" city="Oelde" >
<Order oid="O3" date="7/14/1999" amount="100" note="Wrap it blue
white red">
<Urgency>Important</Urgency>
Happy Customer.
</Order>
<Order oid="O4" date="1/20/1996" amount="10000"/>
</Customer>
</root>
'
-- Create an internal representation of the XML document.
EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @idoc OUTPUT, @doc
-- Execute a SELECT statement using OPENXML rowset provider.
SELECT *
FROM OPENXML (@idoc, '/root/Customer/Order', 1)
WITH (oid char(5),
amount float,
comment ntext 'text()')
EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @idoc
???????
/**********************Excel導到Txt****************************************/
想用
select * into opendatasource(...) from opendatasource(...)
實現將一個Excel文件內容導入到一個文本文件
假設Excel中有兩列，第一列為姓名，第二列為很行帳號(16位)
且銀行帳號導出到文本文件后分兩部分，前8位和后8位分開。
鄒健：
如果要用你上面的語句插入的話,文本文件必須存在,而且有一行:姓名,銀行賬號1,銀行賬號2
然后就可以用下面的語句進行插入
注意文件名和目錄根據你的實際情況進行修改.
insert into
opendatasource('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'Text;HDR=Yes;DATABASE=C:\'
)...[aa#txt]
--,aa#txt)
--*/
select 姓名,銀行賬號1=left(銀行賬號,8),銀行賬號2=right(銀行賬號,8)
from
opendatasource('MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0'
,'Excel 5.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=2;DATABASE=c:\a.xls'
--,Sheet1$)
)...[Sheet1$]
如果你想直接插入并生成文本文件,就要用bcp
declare @sql varchar(8000),@tbname varchar(50)
--首先將excel表內容導入到一個全局臨時表
select @tbname='[##temp'+cast(newid() as varchar(40))+']'
,@sql='select 姓名,銀行賬號1=left(銀行賬號,8),銀行賬號2=right(銀行賬號,8)
into '+@tbname+' from
opendatasource(''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0''
,''Excel 5.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=2;DATABASE=c:\a.xls''
)...[Sheet1$]'
exec(@sql)
--然后用bcp從全局臨時表導出到文本文件
set @sql='bcp "'+@tbname+'" out "c:\aa.txt" /S"(local)" /P"" /c'
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
--刪除臨時表
exec('drop table '+@tbname)
/********************導整個數據庫*********************************************/
用bcp實現的存儲過程
/*
實現數據導入/導出的存儲過程
根據不同的參數,可以實現導入/導出整個數據庫/單個表
調用示例:
--導出調用示例
----導出單個表
exec file2table 'zj','','','xzkh_sa..地區資料','c:\zj.txt',1
----導出整個數據庫
exec file2table 'zj','','','xzkh_sa','C:\docman',1
--導入調用示例
----導入單個表
exec file2table 'zj','','','xzkh_sa..地區資料','c:\zj.txt',0
----導入整個數據庫
exec file2table 'zj','','','xzkh_sa','C:\docman',0
*/
if exists(select 1 from sysobjects where name='File2Table' and objectproperty(id,'IsProcedure')=1)
drop procedure File2Table
go
create procedure File2Table
@servername varchar(200) --服務器名
,@username varchar(200) --用戶名,如果用NT驗證方式,則為空''
,@password varchar(200) --密碼
,@tbname varchar(500) --數據庫.dbo.表名,如果不指定:.dbo.表名,則導出數據庫的所有用戶表
,@filename varchar(1000) --導入/導出路徑/文件名,如果@tbname參數指明是導出整個數據庫,則這個參數是文件存放路徑,文件名自動用表名.txt
,@isout bit --1為導出,0為導入
as
declare @sql varchar(8000)
if @tbname like '%.%.%' --如果指定了表名,則直接導出單個表
begin
set @sql='bcp '+@tbname
+case when @isout=1 then ' out ' else ' in ' end
+' "'+@filename+'" /w'
+' /S '+@servername
+case when isnull(@username,'')='' then '' else ' /U '+@username end
+' /P '+isnull(@password,'')
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
end
else
begin --導出整個數據庫,定義游標,取出所有的用戶表
declare @m_tbname varchar(250)
if right(@filename,1)<>'\' set @filename=@filename+'\'
set @m_tbname='declare #tb cursor for select name from '+@tbname+'..sysobjects where xtype=''U'''
exec(@m_tbname)
open #tb
fetch next from #tb into @m_tbname
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
set @sql='bcp '+@tbname+'..'+@m_tbname
+case when @isout=1 then ' out ' else ' in ' end
+' "'+@filename+@m_tbname+'.txt " /w'
+' /S '+@servername
+case when isnull(@username,'')='' then '' else ' /U '+@username end
+' /P '+isnull(@password,'')
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
fetch next from #tb into @m_tbname
end
close #tb
deallocate #tb
end
go
/************* Oracle **************/
EXEC sp_addlinkedserver 'OracleSvr',
'Oracle 7.3',
'MSDAORA',
'ORCLDB'
GO
delete from openquery(mailser,'select * from yulin')
select * from openquery(mailser,'select * from yulin')
update openquery(mailser,'select * from yulin where id=15')set disorder=555,catago=888
insert into openquery(mailser,'select disorder,catago from yulin')values(333,777)
補充：
對于用bcp導出,是沒有字段名的.
用openrowset導出,需要事先建好表.
用openrowset導入,除ACCESS及EXCEL外,均不支持非本機數據導入
刪除