HTTP Tunneling

Introduction

HTTP Tunneling

HTTP is a text-based protocol to retrieve Web pages through a Web browser. Mostly, if you are on a LAN connection, you are behind a proxy server; this proxy server has one HTTP proxy running on some defined port. In your Internet Explorer's Connection option, you specify LAN settings as required. This proxy server is definitely running on a text-based protocol, and you can only get HTTP-related data from the outside network, right!! Well, there is a small loophole from which you can go through HTTP and connect to the outside world and get any data you want in binary protocol, or even your own protocol. It's through HTTPS.

HTTPS Explanation

In HTTPS, data is transferred from browser to server and server to browser in a secure manner. It's a binary protocol; when it goes through a proxy, the proxy doesn't understand anything. The proxy just allows a binary stream to open and lets both server and client exchange the data. Now, we can fool the proxy server and connect to any server and exchange data. The proxy server will think that we are doing some secure HTTP session.

For HTTPS, your browser connects to a proxy server and sends a command:

CONNECT neurospeech.com:443 HTTP/1.0 <CR><LF>
HOST neurospeech.com:443<CR><LF>
[... other HTTP header lines ending with <CR><LF> if required]>
<CR><LF>    // Last Empty Line

Then, the proxy server treats this as some HTTP Secure Session, and opens a binary stream to the required server and port as defined. If a connection is established, the proxy server returns the following response:

HTTP/1.0 200 Connection Established<CR><LF>
[.... other HTTP header lines ending with <CR><LF>..
ignore all of them]
<CR><LF>    // Last Empty Line

Now, the browser is connected to the end server and can exchange data in both a binary and secure form.

How to Do This

Now, it's your program's turn to fool the proxy server and behave as Internet Explorer behaves for Secure HTTP.

1. Connect to Proxy Server first.
2. Issue CONNECT Host:Port HTTP/1.1<CR><LF>.
3. Issue <CR><LF>.
4. Wait for a line of response. If it contains HTTP/1.X 200, the connection is successful.
5. Read further lines of response until you receive an empty line.
6. Now, you are connected to the outside world through a proxy. Do any data exchange you want.

Sample Source Code

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  // You need to connect to mail.yahoo.com on port 25
// Through a proxy on 192.0.1.1, on HTTP Proxy 4480
// CSocketClient is Socket wrapping class
// When you apply operator << on CString, it writes CString
// To Socket ending with CRLF
// When you apply operator >> on CString, it receives
// a Line of response from socket until CRLF
try
{
CString Request,Response;
CSocketClient Client;
Client.ConnectTo("192.0.1.1",4480);
// Issue CONNECT Command
Request = "CONNECT mail.yahoo.com:25 HTTP/1.0";
Client<<Request;
// Issue empty line
Request = "";
Client<<Request;
// Receive Response From Server
Client>>Response;
// Ignore HTTP Version
int n = Response.Find(' ');
Response = Response.Mid(n+1);
// Http Response Must be 200 only
if(Response.Left(3)!="200")
{
// Connection refused from HTTP Proxy Server
AfxMessageBox(Response);
}
// Read Response Lines until you receive an empty line.
do
{
Client>>Response;
if (Response.IsEmpty())
break;
}while (true);
// Coooooooool.... Now connected to mail.yahoo.com:25
// Do further SMTP Protocol here..
}
catch (CSocketException * pE)
{
pE->ReportError();
}

Library Source Code

The Dns.h file contains all DNS-related source code. It uses other libraries, as SocketEx.h, SocketClient.h, and NeuroBuffer.h.

CSocketEx

Socket functions as a wrapper class. (CSocket is very heavy and unreliable if you don't have the exact idea of how it works.) All the functions are of the same name as CSocket. You can use this class directly.

CSocketClient

Derived from CSocketEx and throws proper exceptions with details of Winsock errors. It defines two operators, >> and <<, for easy sending and receiving; it also changes network to host and host to network order of bytes if required.

CHttpProxySocketClient

Derived from CSocketClient, you can call the SetProxySettings(ProxyServer,Port) method and set proxy settings. Then, you can connect to the desired host and port as you need. The ConnectTo method is overridden, and it automatically implements an HTTP proxy protocol and gives you a connection without any hassle.

How to Use CHttpProxySocketClient

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  // e.g. You need to connect to mail.yahoo.com on port 25
// Through a proxy on 192.0.1.1, on HTTP Proxy 4480
// CSocketClient is Socket wrapping class
// When you apply operator << on CString, it writes CString
// To Socket ending with CRLF
// When you apply operator >> on CString, it receives
// Line of response from socket until CRLF
try
{
CHttpProxySocketClient Client;
Client.SetProxySettings("192.0.1.1",1979);
// Connect to server mail.yahoo.com on port 25
Client.ConnectTo("mail.yahoo.com",25);
// You now have access to mail.yahoo.com on port 25
// If you do not call SetProxySettings, then
// you are connected to mail.yahoo.com directly if
// you have direct access, so always use
// CHttpProxySocketClient and no need to do any
// extra coding.
}
catch(CSocketException * pE) {
pE->ReportError();
}

Note: I usually don't program in the form of .h and .cpp different files, because using them the next time somewhere else is a big problem because you must move both files here and there. So, I put all the code in my .h file only; I don't write to the .cpp file unless it's required. You need to copy only the SocketEx.h, SocketClient.h, and HttpProxySocket.h files into your project's directory, and add line:

#include "HttpProxySocket.h"

after your:

#if !defined(.....

and so forth code of your Visual Studio-generated file. If you put anything above this, you will get n number of errors.

posted on 2007-05-06 16:51 葉子 閱讀(709) 評論(0)  編輯 收藏 引用 所屬分類: 網絡安全