UEFI driver框架
上一節(jié)我們講了服務型驅(qū)動，它有如下幾個特點：
1. 在Image的入口函數(shù)中執(zhí)行安裝。
2. 服務型驅(qū)動不需要驅(qū)動特定硬件，可以安裝到任意controller上。
3. 沒有提供卸載函數(shù)。
一個真正的驅(qū)動程序，在安裝時首先要找到對應的硬件設備(在UEFI中是要找到對應的Controller), 然后執(zhí)行安裝操作，將驅(qū)動程序安裝到硬件設備的controller上。 有時候我們還需要卸載驅(qū)動，更新驅(qū)動(先卸載舊的驅(qū)動，然后安裝新的驅(qū)動)。 有時候安裝操作可能需要執(zhí)行多次，例如：第一次安裝時發(fā)現(xiàn)設備沒有準備好，或者所依賴的某個Protocol沒有安裝，就需要退出安裝，執(zhí)行其他操作，然后進行第二次安裝。
那么我們可以總結(jié)出一個完整的驅(qū)動程序框架需要三部分：
1. Findout() 找出對應的硬件設備
2. Install() 安裝驅(qū)動到指定的硬件設備 或者說 Start() 啟動硬件設備
3. Uninstall()從硬件設備中卸載驅(qū)動 或者說 Stop() 停止硬件設備。
另外很重要的一點是框架必須支持多次安裝。 上一節(jié)我們實現(xiàn)的驅(qū)動是不能多次安裝的(在入口函數(shù)中執(zhí)行安裝)，如果首次安裝失敗例如
InstallProtocolInterface(...)返回錯誤，我們只能unload 驅(qū)動文件(image),從新loadImage。
我們來看UEFI驅(qū)動框架是如何實現(xiàn)這幾點的。
在UEFI驅(qū)動的入口函數(shù)中，安裝EFI Driver Binding Protocol到某個Handle(大部分情況下是自身即ImageHandle, 有時也會安裝到其它Handle上), 這個Driver Binding Protocol實例會常駐內(nèi)存，用于驅(qū)動的安裝和卸載。使用DriverBindingProtocol使得我們可以多次操作(查找設備，安裝卸載)驅(qū)動.
在Driver Binding Protocol中實現(xiàn)了框架的三個部分的接口。下面是DriverBindingProtocol的聲明：
//
/// This protocol provides the services required to determine if a driver supports a given controller.
/// If a controller is supported, then it also provides routines to start and stop the controller.
///
struct _EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL {
EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_SUPPORTED Supported;
EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_START Start;
EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_STOP Stop;
///
/// The version number of the UEFI driver that produced the
/// EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL. This field is used by
/// the EFI boot service ConnectController() to determine
/// the order that driver's Supported() service will be used when
/// a controller needs to be started. EFI Driver Binding Protocol
/// instances with higher Version values will be used before ones
/// with lower Version values. The Version values of 0x0-
/// 0x0f and 0xfffffff0-0xffffffff are reserved for
/// platform/OEM specific drivers. The Version values of 0x10-
/// 0xffffffef are reserved for IHV-developed drivers.
///
UINT32 Version;
///
/// The image handle of the UEFI driver that produced this instance
/// of the EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL.
///
EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle;
///
/// The handle on which this instance of the
/// EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL is installed. In most
/// cases, this is the same handle as ImageHandle. However, for
/// UEFI drivers that produce more than one instance of the
/// EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL, this value may not be
/// the same as ImageHandle.
///
EFI_HANDLE DriverBindingHandle;
};
核心是Support，Start，Stop三個成員函數(shù)，對應我們總結(jié)的三個部分。
首先看Support函數(shù)，簡單來講，如果ControllerHandle是我們要找的Controoler，該函數(shù)返回EFI_SUCCESS， 否則返回EFI_UNSUPPORTED、 EFI_ACCESS_DENIED或EFI_ALREADY_STARTED等等。
typedef
EFI_STATUS
(EFIAPI *EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL_SUPPORTED) (
IN EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL *This,
IN EFI_HANDLE ControllerHandle,
IN EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL *RemainingDevicePath OPTIONAL // Device driver 忽略該參數(shù)，
//Bus Driver(例如MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciBusDxe/PciBus.c）才會使用該參數(shù)。
);
再看Start函數(shù)，Start()用來啟動硬件設備，在函數(shù)中最重要的事情是調(diào)用InstallProtocolInterface()或者InstallMultipleProtocolInterfaces()在
ControllerHandle上安裝驅(qū)動Protocol。
typedef
EFI_STATUS
(EFIAPI *EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL_START) (
IN EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL *This,
IN EFI_HANDLE ControllerHandle,
IN EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL *RemainingDevicePath OPTIONAL
);
Stop函數(shù)，用于卸載驅(qū)動（調(diào)用UninstallProtocolInterface()或UninstallMultipleProtocolInterfaces()從
ControllerHandle卸載驅(qū)動協(xié)議），并停止硬件設備。
typedef
EFI_STATUS
(EFIAPI *EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL_STOP) (
IN EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL *This,
IN EFI_HANDLE ControllerHandle,
IN UINTN NumberOfChildren,
IN EFI_HANDLE *ChildHandleBuffer OPTIONAL
);
對Device Driver來講，
NumberOfChildren 為0，
ChildHandleBuffer 為NULL。 對Bus Driver來講，如果NumberOfChildren不為零，那么ChildHandleBuffer中的子節(jié)點都要被釋放。
我們分別研究了驅(qū)動框架的三個部分，這三個部分是如何聯(lián)系起來的呢？看下面的代碼(MdeModulePkg/Core/Dxe/Hand/DriverSupport.c:CoreConnectSingleController)，可以大致了解UEFI驅(qū)動程序框架是如何工作的。
do {
//
// Loop through the sorted Driver Binding Protocol Instances in order, and see if
// any of the Driver Binding Protocols support the controller specified by
// ControllerHandle.
//
DriverBinding = NULL;
DriverFound = FALSE;
for (Index = 0; (Index < NumberOfSortedDriverBindingProtocols) && !DriverFound; Index++) {
if (SortedDriverBindingProtocols[Index] != NULL) {
DriverBinding = SortedDriverBindingProtocols[Index];
PERF_START (DriverBinding->DriverBindingHandle, "DB:Support:", NULL, 0);
Status = DriverBinding->Supported(
DriverBinding,
ControllerHandle,
RemainingDevicePath
);
PERF_END (DriverBinding->DriverBindingHandle, "DB:Support:", NULL, 0);
if (!EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
SortedDriverBindingProtocols[Index] = NULL;
DriverFound = TRUE;
//
// A driver was found that supports ControllerHandle, so attempt to start the driver
// on ControllerHandle.
//
PERF_START (DriverBinding->DriverBindingHandle, "DB:Start:", NULL, 0);
Status = DriverBinding->Start (
DriverBinding,
ControllerHandle,
RemainingDevicePath
);
PERF_END (DriverBinding->DriverBindingHandle, "DB:Start:", NULL, 0);
if (!EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
//
// The driver was successfully started on ControllerHandle, so set a flag
//
OneStarted = TRUE;
}
}
}
}
} while (DriverFound);
CoreConnectSingleController(IN EFI_HANDLE ControllerHandle, IN EFI_HANDLE *ContextDriverImageHandles OPTIONAL, IN EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL *RemainingDevicePath OPTIONAL)用于為ControllerHandle安裝驅(qū)動。如果 ContextDriverImageHandles為空， 則遍歷系統(tǒng)中的所有DriverBindingProtocol，否則就只遍歷指定的DriverBindingProtocol。SortedDriverBindingProtocols[]存放了需要測試的DriverBindingProtocol, 對于每一個需要測試的DriverBindingProtocol，首先調(diào)用DriverBinding->Supported(...)測試該DriverBindingProtocol是否支持ControllerHandle， 如果Supported函數(shù)返回EFI_SUCCESS，則調(diào)用DriverBinding->Start(...)向ControllerHandle安裝驅(qū)動，啟動設備。
CoreDisconnectController(
IN EFI_HANDLE ControllerHandle,
IN EFI_HANDLE DriverImageHandle OPTIONAL,
IN EFI_HANDLE ChildHandle OPTIONAL
) 用于卸載掉ControllerHandle上指定的驅(qū)動(若DriverImageHandle 則卸載掉ControllerHandle上的所有驅(qū)動)。
看MdeModulePkg/Core/Dxe/Hand/DriverSupport.c：876
if (ChildHandle == NULL || ChildHandleValid) {
ChildrenToStop = 0;
Status = EFI_SUCCESS;
if (ChildBufferCount > 0) {
if (ChildHandle != NULL) {
ChildrenToStop = 1;
Status = DriverBinding->Stop (DriverBinding, ControllerHandle, ChildrenToStop, &ChildHandle);
} else {
ChildrenToStop = ChildBufferCount;
Status = DriverBinding->Stop (DriverBinding, ControllerHandle, ChildrenToStop, ChildBuffer);
}
}
if (!EFI_ERROR (Status) && ((ChildHandle == NULL) || (ChildBufferCount == ChildrenToStop))) {
Status = DriverBinding->Stop (DriverBinding, ControllerHandle, 0, NULL);
}
if (!EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
StopCount++;
}
}
了解了各個部分的細節(jié)后，我們在看一遍加載Driver的整個過程。
首先在Shell中使用命令Load 將Driver文件加載到內(nèi)存， Load后UEFI會調(diào)用gBS->StartImage(...) 執(zhí)行DriverImage的入口函數(shù)， 在入口函數(shù)里Driver Binding Protocol被加載到Handle上(Driver Image handle 或者其它的Controller handle)，然后UEFI會遍歷所有的Controller，調(diào)用Driver Binding Protocol的Supported 函數(shù)測試這個Driver是否支持該Controller，如果支持則調(diào)用Start()安裝驅(qū)動。
EFI Component Name Protocol
編寫Driver
驅(qū)動分為兩部分，一部分是硬件相關(guān)的部分，這部分是驅(qū)動的內(nèi)容，用于驅(qū)動硬件設備，為用戶提供服務，以協(xié)議的形式出現(xiàn)，例如DiskIo，BlockIo。 另一部分驅(qū)動的框架部分，需要實現(xiàn)Driver Binding Protocol，主要是其三個接口(Supported, Start, Stop)，這部分用于驅(qū)動的安裝與卸載。硬件相關(guān)部分不是本節(jié)講述的重點。
本節(jié)主要講述Device Driver如何實現(xiàn)框架部分。
Spec中詳細描述了如何編寫Supported, Start, Stop 三個函數(shù)，下面的斜體內(nèi)容翻譯至Spec2.3
Supported函數(shù)要點(Spec2.3:339)
1. 忽略參數(shù) RemainingDevicePath
2. 使用函數(shù)OpenProtocol()打開所有需要的Protocols。 標準的驅(qū)動要用EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_DRIVER屬性打開Protocol。 如果要獨占某個Protocol，首先要關(guān)閉所有使用該Protocol的其它驅(qū)動，然后用屬性EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_DRIVER | EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_EXCLUSIVE打開Protocol。
3. 如果（2）中OpenProtocol()返回錯誤，調(diào)用CloseProtcol()關(guān)閉所有已經(jīng)打開的Protocol并返回錯誤代碼。
4. 所需的所有Protocols成功打開，則測試這個Driver是否支持此Controller。有時使用這些Protocols足以完成測試，有時還需要此Controller的其它特征。如果任意一項測試失敗，則用CloseProtocol()關(guān)閉所有打開的Protocol，返回EFI_UNSUPPORTED.
5. 測試成功，調(diào)用CloseProtocol()關(guān)閉所有已經(jīng)打開的Protocols。
6. 返回 EFI_SUCCESS。
Start函數(shù)要點（spec2.3:345)
1. 忽略參數(shù) RemainingDevicePath
2. 使用函數(shù)OpenProtocol()打開所有需要的Protocols。 標準的驅(qū)動要用EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_DRIVER屬性打開Protocol。 如果要獨占某個Protocol，首先要關(guān)閉所有使用該Protocol的其它驅(qū)動，然后用屬性EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_DRIVER | EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_EXCLUSIVE打開Protocol。
3. 如果（2）中OpenProtocol()返回錯誤，調(diào)用CloseProtcol()關(guān)閉所有已經(jīng)打開的Protocol并返回錯誤代碼。
4. 初始化ControllerHandle所指的設備。如果有錯誤，則關(guān)閉所有已打開的Protocols并返回 EFI_DEVICE_ERROR。
5. 分配并初始化要用到的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，這些數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)包括驅(qū)動Protocols及其它相關(guān)的私有數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。如果分配資源時發(fā)生錯誤，則關(guān)閉所有已打開的Protocols，釋放已經(jīng)得到的資源，返回EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES。
6. 用InstallMultipleProtocolInterfaces()安裝驅(qū)動協(xié)議到ControllerHandle。如果有錯誤發(fā)生，則關(guān)閉所有已打開的Protocols，并返回錯誤代碼。
7. 返回EFI_SUCESS。
Stop函數(shù)要點(spec2.3:)
1. 用UninstallMultipleProtocolInterfaces() Uninstall 所安裝的Protocols。
2. 關(guān)閉所有已打開的Protocols。
3. 釋放所有已申請的資源。
下面我們以AC97 控制器驅(qū)動為例，介紹如何編寫Device driver。南橋芯片中集成的AC97控制器是一種PCI設備，在開始寫驅(qū)動之前讓我們補充一點PCI設備驅(qū)動及AC97聲卡的背景知識。
首先讓我們建立實驗環(huán)境， 在QEMU中選擇開啟 Audio ，類型選擇為Intel AC97.
PCI設備及PciIo
每個PCI設備都有三種地址空間：配置空間，IO空間和內(nèi)存空間。
系統(tǒng)初始化時系統(tǒng)會初始化每個PCI設備的配置空間寄存器。配置地址空間大小為256字節(jié)，前64字節(jié)是標準的，后面的寄存器由設備自定義用途。
|
|
0x0
|
0x1
|
0x2
|
0x3
|
0x4
|
0x5
|
0x6
|
0x7
|
0x8
|
0x9
|
0xa
|
0xb
|
0xc
|
0xd
|
0xe
|
0xf
|
|
0x00
|
Vendor ID
|
Device ID
|
Command Reg.
|
Status Reg.
|
Revision ID
|
Class Code
|
Cache
Line
|
Latency
Timer
|
Header
Type
|
BIST
|
|
0x10
|
Base Address 0
|
Base Address 1
|
Base Address 2
|
Base Address 3
|
|
0x20
|
Base Address 4
|
Base Address 5
|
Card Bus CIS pointer
|
Subsytem Vendor ID
|
Subsystem Device ID
|
|
0x30
|
Expansion ROM Base Address
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IRQ Line
|
IRQ Pin
|
Min_Gnt
|
Max_lat
|
例如Qemu中AC97的配置空間內(nèi)容如下
PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)
UINT16 VendorId :8086
UINT16 DeviceId :2415
UINT16 Command :7
UINT16 Status :280
UINT8 RevisionID : 1
UINT8 ClassCode[2] : 4
UINT8 ClassCode[1] : 1
UINT8 ClassCode[0] : 0
UINT8 CacheLineSize :0
UINT8 LatencyTimer : 0
UINT8 HeaderType : 0
UINT8 BIST : 0
Bar[0] : C001
Bar[1] : C401
Bar[2] : 0
Bar[3] : 0
Bar[4] : 0
Bar[5] : 0
PCI設備中的IO和內(nèi)存空間被劃分為1~6個互補重疊的子空間，每個子空間用于完成一組相對獨立的子功能。Base Address 0 ~5 表示子空間的基地址(物理地址)。
對設備的操作主要是通過對子空間的讀寫來實現(xiàn)的。 UEFI提供了EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL來操作PCI設備。
///
/// The EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL provides the basic Memory, I/O, PCI configuration,
/// and DMA interfaces used to abstract accesses to PCI controllers.
/// There is one EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL instance for each PCI controller on a PCI bus.
/// A device driver that wishes to manage a PCI controller in a system will have to
/// retrieve the EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL instance that is associated with the PCI controller.
///
struct _EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL {
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_POLL_IO_MEM PollMem;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_POLL_IO_MEM PollIo;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_ACCESS Mem;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_ACCESS Io;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_ACCESS Pci;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_COPY_MEM CopyMem;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_MAP Map;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_UNMAP Unmap;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_ALLOCATE_BUFFER AllocateBuffer;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_FREE_BUFFER FreeBuffer;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_FLUSH Flush;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_GET_LOCATION GetLocation;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_ATTRIBUTES Attributes;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_GET_BAR_ATTRIBUTES GetBarAttributes;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_SET_BAR_ATTRIBUTES SetBarAttributes;
///
/// The size, in bytes, of the ROM image.
///
UINT64 RomSize;
///
/// A pointer to the in memory copy of the ROM image. The PCI Bus Driver is responsible
/// for allocating memory for the ROM image, and copying the contents of the ROM to memory.
/// The contents of this buffer are either from the PCI option ROM that can be accessed
/// through the ROM BAR of the PCI controller, or it is from a platform-specific location.
/// The Attributes() function can be used to determine from which of these two sources
/// the RomImage buffer was initialized.
///
VOID *RomImage;
};
今天我們只用到
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_ACCESS Io; 和 EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_ACCESS Pci; 這兩個子功能，
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_ACCESS 用于讀寫配置空間，
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_ACCESS用于讀寫Io空間。
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_ACCESS ：
/**
Enable a PCI driver to access PCI controller registers in PCI configuration space.
@param This A pointer to the EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL instance.
@param Width Signifies the width of the memory operations.
@param Offset The offset within the PCI configuration space for the PCI controller.
@param Count The number of PCI configuration operations to perform.
@param Buffer For read operations, the destination buffer to store the results. For write
operations, the source buffer to write data from.
@retval EFI_SUCCESS The data was read from or written to the PCI controller.
@retval EFI_UNSUPPORTED The address range specified by Offset, Width, and Count is not
valid for the PCI configuration header of the PCI controller.
@retval EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES The request could not be completed due to a lack of resources.
@retval EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER Buffer is NULL or Width is invalid.
**/
typedef
EFI_STATUS
(EFIAPI *EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_CONFIG)(
IN EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL *This,
IN EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH Width,
IN UINT32 Offset,
IN UINTN Count,
IN OUT VOID *Buffer
);
typedef struct {
///
/// Read PCI controller registers in PCI configuration space.
///
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_CONFIG Read;
///
/// Write PCI controller registers in PCI configuration space.
///
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_CONFIG Write;
} EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_CONFIG_ACCESS;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_ACCESS:
typedef enum {
EfiPciIoWidthUint8 = 0,
EfiPciIoWidthUint16,
EfiPciIoWidthUint32,
EfiPciIoWidthUint64,
EfiPciIoWidthFifoUint8,
EfiPciIoWidthFifoUint16,
EfiPciIoWidthFifoUint32,
EfiPciIoWidthFifoUint64,
EfiPciIoWidthFillUint8,
EfiPciIoWidthFillUint16,
EfiPciIoWidthFillUint32,
EfiPciIoWidthFillUint64,
EfiPciIoWidthMaximum
} EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH;
/**
Enable a PCI driver to access PCI controller registers in the PCI memory or I/O space.
@param This A pointer to the EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL instance.
@param Width Signifies the width of the memory or I/O operations.
@param BarIndex The BAR index of the standard PCI Configuration header to use as the
base address for the memory or I/O operation to perform.
@param Offset The offset within the selected BAR to start the memory or I/O operation.
@param Count The number of memory or I/O operations to perform.
@param Buffer For read operations, the destination buffer to store the results. For write
operations, the source buffer to write data from.
@retval EFI_SUCCESS The data was read from or written to the PCI controller.
@retval EFI_UNSUPPORTED BarIndex not valid for this PCI controller.
@retval EFI_UNSUPPORTED The address range specified by Offset, Width, and Count is not
valid for the PCI BAR specified by BarIndex.
@retval EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES The request could not be completed due to a lack of resources.
@retval EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER One or more parameters are invalid.
**/
typedef
EFI_STATUS
(EFIAPI *EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_IO_MEM)(
IN EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL *This,
IN EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_WIDTH Width, // 每個元素的大小
IN UINT8 BarIndex, // 0～5中的一個
IN UINT64 Offset, // 偏移
IN UINTN Count, // 元素個數(shù)
IN OUT VOID *Buffer
);
typedef
struct {
///
/// Read PCI controller registers in the PCI memory or I/O space.
///
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_IO_MEM Read;
///
/// Write PCI controller registers in the PCI memory or I/O space.
///
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_IO_MEM Write;
} EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL_ACCESS;
例如讀第0個bar里偏移為4的寄存器，
UINT8 Data;
Status = PciIo->Io.Read(PciIo,
EfiPciIoWidthUint8 , //讀一個字節(jié)
0, // Bar 0
4, // 偏移4字節(jié)
1, // 一個元素
&Data);
AC97
Intel芯片組南橋中一般有AC97控制器芯片，AC97控制器通過AC-LINK與AC97 Codec進行通信，我們的音頻驅(qū)動其實是AC97控制器驅(qū)動。
如何操作AC97控制器可以參考Intel® I/O Controller Hub 6 (ICH6) High Definition Audio / AC ’97， 這兒只做簡單介紹。
AC97 IO空間有兩個部分：Native Audio Bus Master Control Registers and Native Mixer Registers。
Bar0 表示 Native Mixer Registers(NAMBAR) ， 訪問以16-bits為一個單位(與AC-LINK單位數(shù)據(jù)大小一致)。 用于配置AC97參數(shù)，如音量，采樣率等。
Bar1 表示Bus Master Control Registers 。 用于控制AC97
Native Mixer Registers 功能表
Primary Offset NAMBAR Exposed Registers
(Codec ID =00)
00h Reset
02h Master Volume
04h Aux Out Volume
06h Mono Volume
08h Master Tone (R & L)
0Ah PC_BEEP Volume
0Ch Phone Volume
0Eh Mic Volume
10h Line In Volume
12h CD Volume
14h Video Volume
16h Aux In Volume
18h PCM Out Volume
1Ah Record Select
1Ch Record Gain
1Eh Record Gain Mic
20h General Purpose
22h 3D Control
24h AC ’97 RESERVED
26h Powerdown Ctrl/Stat
28h Extended Audio
2Ah Extended Audio Ctrl/Stat
2Ch PCM Front DAC Rate
2Eh PCM Surround DAC Rate
30h PCM LFE DAC Rate
32h PCM LR ADC Rate
34h MIC ADC Rate
36h 6Ch Vol: C, LFE
38h 6Ch Vol: L, R Surround
3Ah S/PDIF Control
3C~56h Intel RESERVED
58h AC ’97 Reserved
5Ah Vendor Reserved
7Ch Vendor ID1
7Eh Vendor ID2
Bus Master Control Registers 功能表
|
Offset
|
Mnemonic
|
Name
|
Default
|
Access
|
|
00h
|
PI_BDBAR
|
PCM In Buffer Descriptor list Base Address
|
00000000h
|
R/W
|
|
04h
|
PI_CIV
|
PCM In Current Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
05h
|
PI_LVI
|
PCM In Last Valid Index
|
00h
|
R/W
|
|
06h
|
PI_SR
|
PCM In Status
|
0001h
|
R/WC, RO
|
|
08h
|
PI_PICB
|
PCM In Position in Current Buffer
|
0000h
|
RO
|
|
0Ah
|
PI_PIV
|
PCM In Prefetched Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
0Bh
|
PI_CR
|
PCM In Control
|
00h
|
R/W, R/W (special)
|
|
10h
|
PO_BDBAR
|
PCM Out Buffer Descriptor list Base Address
|
00000000h
|
R/W
|
|
14h
|
PO_CIV
|
PCM Out Current Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
15h
|
PO_LVI
|
PCM Out Last Valid Index
|
00h
|
R/W
|
|
16h
|
PO_SR
|
PCM Out Status
|
0001h
|
R/WC, RO
|
|
18h
|
PO_PICB
|
PCM In Position In Current Buffer
|
0000h
|
RO
|
|
1Ah
|
PO_PIV
|
PCM Out Prefetched Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
1Bh
|
PO_CR
|
PCM Out Control
|
00h
|
R/W, R/W (special)
|
|
20h
|
MC_BDBAR
|
Mic. In Buffer Descriptor List Base Address
|
00000000h
|
R/W
|
|
24h
|
MC_CIV
|
Mic. In Current Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
25h
|
MC_LVI
|
Mic. In Last Valid Index
|
00h
|
R/W
|
|
26h
|
MC_SR
|
Mic. In Status
|
0001h
|
R/WC, RO
|
|
28h
|
MC_PICB
|
Mic. In Position In Current Buffer
|
0000h
|
RO
|
|
2Ah
|
MC_PIV
|
Mic. In Prefetched Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
2Bh
|
MC_CR
|
Mic. In Control
|
00h
|
R/W, R/W (special)
|
|
2Ch
|
GLOB_CNT
|
Global Control
|
00000000h
|
R/W, R/W (special)
|
|
30h
|
GLOB_STA
|
Global Status
|
See register description
|
R/W, R/WC, RO
|
|
34h
|
CAS
|
Codec Access Semaphore
|
00h
|
R/W (special)
|
|
40h
|
MC2_BDBAR
|
Mic. 2 Buffer Descriptor List Base Address
|
00000000h
|
R/W
|
|
44h
|
MC2_CIV
|
Mic. 2 Current Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
45h
|
MC2_LVI
|
Mic. 2 Last Valid Index
|
00h
|
R/W
|
|
46h
|
MC2_SR
|
Mic. 2 Status
|
0001h
|
RO, R/WC
|
|
48h
|
MC2_PICB
|
Mic 2 Position In Current Buffer
|
0000h
|
RO
|
|
4Ah
|
MC2_PIV
|
Mic. 2 Prefetched Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
4Bh
|
MC2_CR
|
Mic. 2 Control
|
00h
|
R/W, R/W (special)
|
|
50h
|
PI2_BDBAR
|
PCM In 2 Buffer Descriptor List Base
Address
|
00000000h
|
R/W
|
|
54h
|
PI2_CIV
|
PCM In 2 Current Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
55h
|
PI2_LVI
|
PCM In 2 Last Valid Index
|
00h
|
R/W
|
|
56h
|
PI2_SR
|
PCM In 2 Status
|
0001h
|
R/WC, RO
|
|
58h
|
PI2_PICB
|
PCM In 2 Position in Current Buffer
|
0000h
|
RO
|
|
5Ah
|
PI2_PIV
|
PCM In 2 Prefetched Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
5Bh
|
PI2_CR
|
PCM In 2 Control
|
00h
|
R/W, R/W (special)
|
|
60h
|
SPBAR
|
S/PDIF Buffer Descriptor List Base Address
|
00000000h
|
R/W
|
|
64h
|
SPCIV
|
S/PDIF Current Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
65h
|
SPLVI
|
S/PDIF Last Valid Index
|
00h
|
R/W
|
|
66h
|
SPSR
|
S/PDIF Status
|
0001h
|
R/WC, RO
|
|
68h
|
SPPICB
|
S/PDIF Position In Current Buffer
|
0000h
|
RO
|
|
6Ah
|
SPPIV
|
S/PDIF Prefetched Index Value
|
00h
|
RO
|
|
6Bh
|
SPCR
|
S/PDIF Control
|
00h
|
R/W, R/W (special)
|
|
80h
|
SDM
|
SData_IN Map
|
00h
|
R/W, RO
|
表中有5個通道
PI = PCM in channel
PO = PCM out channel
MC = Mic in channel
MC2 = Mic 2 channel
PI2 = PCM in 2 channel
SP = S/PDIF out channel.
每個通道有一個16-bit DMA引擎，用于傳輸音頻數(shù)據(jù)(PCM格式)。 DMA引擎使用Buffer Descriptor List 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)獲得數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)地址。Buffer Descriptor List 最多允許32項，Buffer Descriptor 聲明如下：
typedef struct {
UINT32 addr;
UINT16 len;
unsigned short reserved:14;
unsigned short BUP:1;
unsigned short IOC:1;
} BufferDescriptor;
addr的第0個bit必須是0。 List中最后一個
BufferDescriptor 的BUP需為1。每個buffer最多有65536個采樣。
啟動DMA的過程如下(翻譯自：Intel® I/O Controller Hub 6 (ICH6) High Definition Audio / AC ’97 Programmer’s Reference Manual (PRM) ：30頁):
1. 建立buffer descriptor list。
2. 將buffer descriptor list 的基地址寫入Buffer Descriptor List Base Address register(對PCM Out而言是 MBBAR + 10h (POBAR)）
3. 填充buffer descriptor list 中的buffer descriptor，并設置好數(shù)據(jù)緩存。
4. 設置 Last Valid Index(LVI)寄存器 （PCM OUT: MBBAR + 15h (POLVI))。LVI是BDL中最后一個準備好緩沖區(qū)的buffer descriptor的下標。
5. 設置Control register中的run bit，啟動DMA傳輸。
這時就可以聽到聲音了。
AC97驅(qū)動現(xiàn)在我們開始設計AC97驅(qū)動。時候還記得我們講過驅(qū)動分兩個部分，硬件相關(guān)部分和框架部分。首先來設計硬件相關(guān)部分，也就是驅(qū)動硬件并提供給用戶使用的協(xié)議。
EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL
我們把要提供的服務命名為EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL，在EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL， 我們提供播放音頻的服務，首先我們要提供硬件初始化服務，還要提供PCM音頻播放服務，音量調(diào)節(jié)服務，還要提供一個Event用來通知用戶音頻播放結(jié)束。
在audio.h中定義EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)
struct _EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL{
UINT64 Revision;
EFI_AC97_RESET Reset;
EFI_AC97_PLAY Play;
EFI_AC97_VOLUME Volume;
EFI_EVENT WaitForEndEvent;
}
設計EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL的GUID
#define EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL_GUID \
{ \
0xce345171, 0xabcd, 0x11d2, {0x8e, 0x4f, 0x0, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
}
在accdriver.c中還要定義用于標示音頻播放上下文的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，一般命名為X_PRIVATE_DATA。在上下文中我們要包含EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL實例，設備的EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL實例，BufferDescriptor。
typedef struct {
UINTN Signature;
EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL Audio;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL *PciIo;
BufferDescriptor Bdes[32];
} AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA;
定義EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL Template，用于在Start函數(shù)中初始化EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL實例
//
// Template for Audio private data structure.
// The pointer to Audio protocol interface is assigned dynamically.
//
AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA gDiskIoPrivateDataTemplate = {
AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA_SIGNATURE,
{
EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL_REVISION,
AC97Reset,
AC97Play,
AC97Volume,
0
},
NULL,
{0}
};
下面要實現(xiàn) EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL 中定義的三個服務，每個成員函數(shù)(服務)的第一個參數(shù)是This指針，在函數(shù)里首先要根據(jù)This指針獲得上下文Private，然后根據(jù)上下文執(zhí)行相應操作。
首先是Reset，主要是設置Mixer Register里德Powerdown Ctrl/Stat和Reset寄存器， 可以參考WinDDK里AC97驅(qū)動示例。
/**
@param This Indicates a pointer to the calling context.
@retval EFI_SUCCESS .
@retval EFI_DEVICE_ERROR .
**/
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI AC97Reset(
IN EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL *This
)
{
NTSTATUS InitAC97 (void);
EFI_STATUS Status;
AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA* Private = AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA_FROM_THIS(This);
gAudioPciIo = Private->PciIo;
Status = InitAC97 ();
return Status;
}
然后是Play函數(shù)， 首先設置Buffer Descriptor List，然后設置POBAR和
PO_LVI ， 最后啟動DMA。/**
@param This Indicates a pointer to the calling context.
@param PcmData Pointer to PCM Data
@param Format PCM Data Format
@param Size How many Samples in PCM Data
@retval EFI_SUCCESS .
@retval EFI_DEVICE_ERROR .
**/
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI AC97Play(
IN EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL *This,
IN UINT8* PcmData,
IN UINT32 Format,
IN UINTN Size
)
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
UINTN i=0, LenLeft = Size;
AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA* Private = AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA_FROM_THIS(This);
gAudioPciIo = Private->PciIo;
for( i=0; i< 32 && LenLeft > 0; i++, LenLeft-=65536){
Private->Bdes[0].addr = (u32)(PcmData + 65536 * 4 * i);
Private->Bdes[0].len = (u16)(LenLeft <= 65536 ? LenLeft:LenLeft-65536);
}
Private->Bdes[i-1].BUP = 1;
Private->Bdes[i-1].IOC = 0;
WriteBMControlRegister32(PO_BDBAR , (u32)Private->Bdes);
WriteBMControlRegister(PO_LVI , 0);
WriteBMControlRegisterMask(PO_CR , 1,1); //啟動DMA
(void) Status;
return EFI_SUCCESS;
} 設置音量的函數(shù)
/**
@param This Indicates a pointer to the calling context.
@param Increase How much should the volume change,
+Number increase; -Number Decrease.
@param NewVolume if *NewVolume >=0 , It will set the volume as *NewVolume;
if *NewVolume <0, the Volume will be changed by Increase,
and *Newvolume returns the current Volume.
@retval EFI_SUCCESS .
@retval EFI_DEVICE_ERROR .
**/
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI AC97Volume(
IN EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL *This,
IN INT32 Increase,
IN OUT INT32 * NewVolume
)
{
AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA* Private = AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA_FROM_THIS(This);
gAudioPciIo = Private->PciIo;
if(*NewVolume < 0){
WORD data= (WORD) (long ) NewVolume;
WriteCodecRegister (AC97REG_PCM_OUT_VOLUME, data, 0xFFFF);
}else{
WORD data= 0;
ReadCodecRegister(AC97REG_PCM_OUT_VOLUME, &data);
data += (INT16) Increase;
WriteCodecRegister (AC97REG_PCM_OUT_VOLUME, data, 0xFFFF);
*NewVolume = (INT32)data;
}
return EFI_SUCCESS;
}
驅(qū)動的框架部分驅(qū)動的框架部分主要是實現(xiàn)EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL及Image的初始化函數(shù)
//
// Driver binding protocol implementation for AC97 driver.
//
EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL gAudioDriverBinding = {
AC97DriverBindingSupported,
AC97DriverBindingStart,
AC97DriverBindingStop,
0xa,
NULL,
NULL
};
(1)Supported(
AC97DriverBindingSupported)函數(shù)用來檢測設備是否AC97驅(qū)動器。分兩步：1。 判斷Controller時候有
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL ， 沒有則返回錯誤。2。 有EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL 則讀取PCI配置空間，判斷設備時候AC97驅(qū)動器。
/**
Test to see if this driver supports ControllerHandle.
@param This Protocol instance pointer.
@param ControllerHandle Handle of device to test
@param RemainingDevicePath Optional parameter use to pick a specific child
device to start.
@retval EFI_SUCCESS This driver supports this device
@retval EFI_ALREADY_STARTED This driver is already running on this device
@retval other This driver does not support this device
**/
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI
AC97DriverBindingSupported (
IN EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL *This,
IN EFI_HANDLE ControllerHandle,
IN EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL *RemainingDevicePath OPTIONAL
)
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
PCI_TYPE00 PciData;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL *PciIo;
Status = gBS->OpenProtocol(
ControllerHandle,
&gEfiPciIoProtocolGuid,
(VOID**)&PciIo,
This->DriverBindingHandle,
ControllerHandle,
EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_DRIVER
);
if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
return Status;
}
Status = PciIo->Pci.Read (
PciIo,
EfiPciIoWidthUint32,
0,
sizeof (PciData) / sizeof (UINT32),
&PciData
);
gBS->CloseProtocol (
ControllerHandle,
&gEfiPciIoProtocolGuid,
This->DriverBindingHandle,
ControllerHandle
);
if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
return Status;
}
if (!(PciData.Hdr.ClassCode[2] == PCI_CLASS_MEDIA && PciData.Hdr.ClassCode[1] == PCI_CLASS_MEDIA_AUDIO && PciData.Hdr.ClassCode[0] == 0x00) ) {
return EFI_UNSUPPORTED;
}
return EFI_SUCCESS;
}
(2) Start(
AC97DriverBindingStart) 啟動設備，安裝EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL。
/**
Start this driver on ControllerHandle by opening a PCI IO protocol and
installing a Audio IO protocol on ControllerHandle.
@param This Protocol instance pointer.
@param ControllerHandle Handle of device to bind driver to
@param RemainingDevicePath Optional parameter use to pick a specific child
device to start.
@retval EFI_SUCCESS This driver is added to ControllerHandle
@retval EFI_ALREADY_STARTED This driver is already running on ControllerHandle
@retval other This driver does not support this device
**/
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI
AC97DriverBindingStart (
IN EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL *This,
IN EFI_HANDLE ControllerHandle,
IN EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL *RemainingDevicePath OPTIONAL
)
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
EFI_PCI_IO_PROTOCOL *PciIo;
AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA *Private;
Status = gBS->OpenProtocol(
ControllerHandle,
&gEfiPciIoProtocolGuid,
(VOID**)&PciIo,
This->DriverBindingHandle,
ControllerHandle,
EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_DRIVER
);
if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
return Status;
}
//
// Allocate a buffer to store the ATA_ATAPI_PASS_THRU_INSTANCE data structure
//
Private = AllocateCopyPool (sizeof (AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA), &gDiskIoPrivateDataTemplate );
if (Private == NULL) {
goto ErrorExit;
}
Private->PciIo = PciIo;
Status = gBS->CreateEvent(EVT_NOTIFY_WAIT, TPL_NOTIFY, (EFI_EVENT_NOTIFY)PlayEndEventNoify, (VOID*)Private, &Private->Audio.WaitForEndEvent);
Status = gBS->InstallProtocolInterface (
&ControllerHandle,
&gEfiAudioProtocolGUID,
EFI_NATIVE_INTERFACE,
&Private->Audio
);
ErrorExit:
if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
if (Private != NULL) {
FreePool (Private);
}
gBS->CloseProtocol (
ControllerHandle,
&gEfiPciIoProtocolGuid,
This->DriverBindingHandle,
ControllerHandle
);
}else{
// Init Ac97
AC97Reset(&Private->Audio);
}
return Status;
}
(3)Stop(
AC97DriverBindingStop)函數(shù)
/**
Stop this driver on ControllerHandle by removing Audio IO protocol and closing
the PCI IO protocol on ControllerHandle.
@param This Protocol instance pointer.
@param ControllerHandle Handle of device to stop driver on
@param NumberOfChildren Number of Handles in ChildHandleBuffer. If number of
children is zero stop the entire bus driver.
@param ChildHandleBuffer List of Child Handles to Stop.
@retval EFI_SUCCESS This driver is removed ControllerHandle
@retval other This driver was not removed from this device
**/
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI
AC97DriverBindingStop (
IN EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL *This,
IN EFI_HANDLE ControllerHandle,
IN UINTN NumberOfChildren,
IN EFI_HANDLE *ChildHandleBuffer
)
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA *Private;
EFI_AUDIO_PROTOCOL *Audio;
//
// Get our context back.
//
Status = gBS->OpenProtocol (
ControllerHandle,
&gEfiAudioProtocolGUID,
(VOID **) &Audio,
This->DriverBindingHandle,
ControllerHandle,
EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_GET_PROTOCOL
);
if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
return EFI_UNSUPPORTED;
}
Private = AUDIO_PRIVATE_DATA_FROM_THIS(This);
Status = gBS->UninstallProtocolInterface (
ControllerHandle,
&gEfiAudioProtocolGUID,
&Private->Audio
);
if (!EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
Status = gBS->CloseProtocol (
ControllerHandle,
&gEfiPciIoProtocolGuid,
This->DriverBindingHandle,
ControllerHandle
);
}
if (!EFI_ERROR (Status)) {
FreePool (Private);
}
return Status;
}
最后要在Image的入口函數(shù)安裝EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL
EFI_STATUS
EFIAPI
InitializeACC(
IN EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle,
IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE *SystemTable
)
{
EFI_STATUS Status;
//
// Install driver model protocol(s).
//
Status = EfiLibInstallDriverBindingComponentName2 (
ImageHandle,
SystemTable,
&gAudioDriverBinding,
ImageHandle,
&gAudioComponentName,
&gAudioComponentName2
);
//ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);
return Status;
}
自此，驅(qū)動模型就介紹完了。