锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>欧美一区二区三区免费观看视频 ,久久久国产精品一区,欧美精品二区http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/zh-cnWed, 24 Sep 2025 05:31:25 GMTWed, 24 Sep 2025 05:31:25 GMT60[ZZ]C++涓璫onst鎬葷粨http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/04/11/79563.html瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/author>Fri, 10 Apr 2009 16:51:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/04/11/79563.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/79563.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/04/11/79563.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/79563.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/79563.html涓銆佸浜庡熀鏈0鏄?nbsp;

1.const int r=100; //鏍囧噯const鍙橀噺澹版槑鍔犲垵濮嬪寲錛屽洜涓洪粯璁ゅ唴閮ㄨ繛鎺ユ墍浠ュ繀欏昏鍒濆鍖栵紝鍏朵綔鐢ㄥ煙涓烘鏂囦歡錛岀紪璇戝櫒緇忚繃綾誨瀷媯鏌ュ悗鐩存帴鐢?00鍦ㄧ紪璇戞椂鏇挎崲銆?nbsp;

2.extend const int r=100; //灝哻onst鏀逛負(fù)澶栭儴榪炴帴錛屼綔鐢ㄤ簬鎵╁ぇ鑷沖叏灞錛岀紪璇戞椂浼?xì)鍒嗛厤鍐呭瓨锛岒q朵笖鍙互涓嶈繘琛屽垵濮嬪寲錛屼粎浠呬綔涓哄0鏄庯紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄨ涓哄湪紼嬪簭鍏朵粬鍦版柟榪涜浜嗗畾涔夈?nbsp;

3.const int r[ ]={1,2,3,4}; 

struct S {int a,b;}; 
const S s[ ]={(1,2),(3.4)}; //浠ヤ笂涓ょ閮芥槸甯擱噺闆嗗悎錛岀紪璇戝櫒浼?xì)湄?fù)鍏跺垎閰嶅唴瀛橈紝鎵浠ヤ笉鑳藉湪緙栬瘧鏈熼棿浣跨敤鍏朵腑鐨勫鹼紝渚嬪錛歩nt temp[r[2]];榪欐牱鐨勭紪璇戝櫒浼?xì)鎶ュ憡涓嶈兘鎵惧埌甯搁噺琛ㄨ緫旨?nbsp;

浜屻佸浜庢寚閽?nbsp;
1.const int *r=&x; //澹版槑r涓轟竴涓寚鍚戝父閲忕殑x鐨勬寚閽堬紝r鎸囧悜鐨勫璞′笉鑳借淇敼錛屼絾浠栧彲浠ユ寚鍚戜換浣曞湴鍧鐨勫父閲忋?nbsp;

2.int const *r=&x; //涓庣敤娉?瀹屽叏絳変環(huán)錛屾病鏈変換浣曞尯鍒?nbsp;

3.int * const r=&x; //澹版槑r涓轟竴涓父閲忔寚閽堬紝浠栨寚鍚憍錛宺榪欎釜鎸囬拡鐨勬寚鍚戜笉鑳借淇敼錛屼絾浠栨寚鍚戠殑鍦板潃鐨勫唴瀹瑰彲浠ヤ慨鏀廣?nbsp;

4.const int * const r=&x; //緇煎悎1銆?鐢ㄦ硶錛宺鏄竴涓寚鍚戝父閲忕殑甯擱噺鍨嬫寚閽堛?nbsp;

涓夈佸浜庣被鍨嬫鏌?nbsp;
鍙互鎶婁竴涓潪const瀵硅薄璧嬬粰涓涓寚鍚慶onst鐨勬寚閽堬紝鍥犱負(fù)鏈夋椂鍊欐垜浠笉鎯充粠榪欎釜鎸囬拡鏉ヤ慨鏀瑰叾瀵硅薄鐨勫鹼紱浣嗘槸涓嶅彲浠ユ妸涓涓猚onst瀵硅薄璧嬪肩粰涓涓潪const鎸囬拡錛屽洜涓鴻繖鏍峰彲鑳戒細(xì)閫氳繃榪欎釜鎸囬拡鏀瑰彉鎸囧悜瀵硅薄鐨勫鹼紝浣嗕篃瀛樺湪浣胯繖縐嶆搷浣滈氳繃鐨勫悎娉曞寲鍐欐硶錛屼嬌鐢ㄧ被鍨嬪己鍒惰漿鎹㈠彲浠ラ氳繃鎸囬拡鏀瑰彉const瀵硅薄錛?nbsp;

const int r=100; 
int * ptr = const_cast<int *>(&r); //C++鏍囧噯錛孋璇█浣跨敤錛歩nt * ptr =(int*)&r; 

鍥涖佸浜庡瓧絎︽暟緇?nbsp;
濡俢har * name = “china”; 榪欐牱鐨勮鍙ワ紝鍦ㄧ紪璇戞椂鏄兘澶熼氳繃鐨勶紝浣嗘槸”china”鏄父閲忓瓧絎︽暟緇勶紝浠諱綍鎯充慨鏀逛粬鐨勬搷浣滀篃鑳介氳繃緙栬瘧浣嗕細(xì)寮曡搗榪愯鏃墮敊璇紝濡傛灉鎴戜滑鎯充慨鏀瑰瓧絎︽暟緇勭殑璇濆氨瑕佷嬌鐢╟har name[ ] = “china”; 榪欑褰㈠紡銆?nbsp;

浜斻佸浜庡嚱鏁?nbsp;
1.void Fuction1 ( const int r ); //姝ゅ涓哄弬鏁頒紶閫抍onst鍊鹼紝鎰忎箟鏄彉閲忓垵鍊間笉鑳借鍑芥暟鏀瑰彉 

2.const int Fuction1 (int); //姝ゅ榪斿洖const鍊鹼紝鎰忔濇寚榪斿洖鐨勫師鍑芥暟閲岀殑鍙橀噺鐨勫垵鍊間笉鑳借淇敼錛屼絾鏄嚱鏁版寜鍊艱繑鍥炵殑榪欎釜鍙橀噺琚埗鎴愬壇鏈紝鑳戒笉鑳借淇敼灝辨病鏈変簡鎰忎箟錛屽畠鍙互琚祴緇欎換浣曠殑const鎴栭潪const綾誨瀷鍙橀噺錛屽畬鍏ㄤ笉闇瑕佸姞涓婅繖涓猚onst鍏抽敭瀛椼備絾榪欏彧瀵逛簬鍐呴儴綾誨瀷鑰岃█錛堝洜涓哄唴閮ㄧ被鍨嬭繑鍥炵殑鑲畾鏄竴涓鹼紝鑰屼笉浼?xì)杩斿洖涓涓彉閲忥紝涓嶄細(xì)浣滀負(fù)宸﹀間嬌鐢級錛屽浜庣敤鎴瘋嚜瀹氫箟綾誨瀷錛岃繑鍥炲兼槸甯擱噺鏄潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑錛岃涓嬮潰鏉℃3銆?nbsp;

3.Class CX; //鍐呴儴鏈夋瀯閫犲嚱鏁幫紝澹版槑濡侰X(int r =0) 

CX Fuction1 () { return CX(); } 

const CX Fuction2 () { return CX(); } 

濡傛湁涓婇潰鐨勮嚜瀹氫箟綾籆X錛屽拰鍑芥暟Fuction1()鍜孎uction2(),鎴戜滑榪涜濡備笅鎿嶄綔鏃訛細(xì) 

Fuction1() = CX(1); //娌℃湁闂錛屽彲浠ヤ綔涓哄乏鍊艱皟鐢?nbsp;

Fuction2() = CX(1); //緙栬瘧閿欒錛宑onst榪斿洖鍊肩姝綔涓哄乏鍊艱皟鐢ㄣ傚洜涓哄乏鍊兼妸榪斿洖鍊間綔涓哄彉閲忎細(xì)淇敼鍏惰繑鍥炲鹼紝const澹版槑紱佹榪欑淇敼銆?nbsp;


4.鍑芥暟涓寚閽堢殑const浼犻掑拰榪斿洖錛?nbsp;

int F1 (const char * pstr); //浣滀負(fù)浼犻掔殑鏃跺欎嬌鐢╟onst淇グ鍙互淇濊瘉涓嶄細(xì)閫氳繃榪欎釜鎸囬拡鏉ヤ慨鏀逛紶閫掑弬鏁扮殑鍒濆鹼紝榪欓噷鍦ㄥ嚱鏁板唴閮ㄤ換浣曚慨鏀?pstr鐨勪紒鍥鵑兘浼?xì)寮曡碉L(fēng)紪璇戦敊璇?nbsp;

const char * F2 (); //鎰忎箟鏄嚱鏁拌繑鍥炵殑鎸囬拡鎸囧悜鐨勫璞℃槸涓涓猚onst瀵硅薄錛屽畠蹇呴』璧嬬粰涓涓悓鏍鋒槸鎸囧悜const瀵硅薄鐨勬寚閽堛?nbsp;

const char * const F3(); //姣斾笂闈㈠浜嗕竴涓猚onst錛岃繖涓猚onst鐨勬剰涔夊彧鏄湪浠栬鐢ㄤ綔宸﹀兼椂鏈夋晥錛屽畠琛ㄦ槑浜嗚繖涓寚閽堥櫎浜嗘寚鍚慶onst瀵硅薄澶栵紝瀹冩湰韜篃涓嶈兘琚慨鏀癸紝鎵浠ュ氨涓嶈兘褰撲綔宸﹀兼潵澶勭悊銆?nbsp;


5.鍑芥暟涓紩鐢ㄧ殑const浼犻掞細(xì) 

void F1 ( const X& px); //榪欐牱鐨勪竴涓猚onst寮曠敤浼犻掑拰鏈鏅氱殑鍑芥暟鎸夊間紶閫掔殑鏁堟灉鏄竴妯′竴鏍風(fēng)殑錛屼粬紱佹瀵瑰紩鐢ㄧ殑瀵硅薄鐨勪竴鍒囦慨鏀癸紝鍞竴涓嶅悓鐨勬槸鎸夊間紶閫掍細(xì)鍏堝緩绔嬩竴涓被瀵硅薄鐨勫壇鏈紝鐒跺悗浼犻掕繃鍘伙紝鑰屽畠鐩存帴浼犻掑湴鍧錛屾墍浠ヨ繖縐嶄紶閫掓瘮鎸夊間紶閫掓洿鏈夋晥銆?nbsp;

**鍙﹀鍙湁寮曠敤鐨刢onst浼犻掑彲浠ヤ紶閫掍竴涓復(fù)鏃跺璞★紝鍥犱負(fù)涓存椂瀵硅薄閮芥槸const灞炴э紝涓旀槸涓嶅彲瑙佺殑錛屼粬鐭椂闂村瓨鍦ㄤ竴涓眬閮ㄥ煙涓紝鎵浠ヤ笉鑳戒嬌鐢ㄦ寚閽堬紝鍙湁寮曠敤鐨刢onst浼犻掕兘澶熸崟鎹夊埌榪欎釜瀹朵紮銆?nbsp;

鍏佸浜庣被 
1.棣栧厛錛屽浜巆onst鐨勬垚鍛樺彉閲忥紝鍙兘鍦ㄦ瀯閫犲嚱鏁伴噷浣跨敤鍒濆鍖栨垚鍛樺垪琛ㄦ潵鍒濆鍖栵紝璇曞浘鍦ㄦ瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒綋鍐呰繘琛屽垵濮嬪寲const鎴愬憳鍙橀噺浼?xì)寮曡碉L(fēng)紪璇戦敊璇傚垵濮嬪寲鎴愬憳鍒楄〃褰㈠錛?nbsp;
2.X:: X ( int ir ): r(ir) {} //鍋囪r鏄被X鐨刢onst鎴愬憳鍙橀噺 

2.const鎴愬憳鍑芥暟銆傛彁鍒拌繖涓蹇甸鍏堣璋堝埌const瀵硅薄錛屾璞″唴緗被鍨嬭兘澶熷畾涔塩onst瀵硅薄涓鏍鳳紙const int r=10;錛夛紝鐢ㄦ埛鑷畾涔夌被鍨嬩篃鍙互瀹氫箟const瀵硅薄(const X px(10);)錛岀紪璇戝櫒瑕佷繚璇佽繖涓璞″湪鍏剁敓鍛藉懆鏈熷唴涓嶈兘澶熻鏀瑰彉銆傚鏋滀綘瀹氫箟浜嗚繖鏍風(fēng)殑涓涓猚onst瀵硅薄錛岄偅涔堝浜庤繖涓璞$殑涓鍒囬潪const鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鐨勮皟鐢紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ負(fù)浜嗕繚璇佸璞$殑const鐗規(guī)э紝閮戒細(xì)紱佹騫跺湪緙栬瘧鏈熼棿鎶ラ敊銆傛墍浠ュ鏋滀綘鎯寵浣犵殑鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鑳藉鍦╟onst瀵硅薄涓婅繘琛屾搷浣滅殑璇濓紝灝辮鎶婅繖涓嚱鏁板0鏄庝負(fù)const鎴愬憳鍑芥暟銆傚亣濡俧( )鏄被涓殑鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鐨勮瘽錛屽畠鐨勫0鏄庡艦濡傦細(xì) 
int f( ) const; //const鏀懼湪鍑芥暟鐨勬渶鍚庯紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ細(xì)瀵硅繖涓嚱鏁拌繘琛屾鏌ワ紝鍦ㄨ繖涓嚱鏁頒腑鐨勪換浣曡瘯鍥炬敼鍙樻垚鍛樺彉閲忓拰璋冪敤闈瀋onst鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鐨勬搷浣滈兘琚涓洪潪娉?nbsp;
娉ㄦ剰錛氱被鐨勬瀯閫犲拰鏋愭瀯鍑芥暟閮戒笉鑳芥槸const鍑芥暟銆?nbsp;

3.寤虹珛浜嗕竴涓猚onst鎴愬憳鍑芥暟錛屼絾浠嶇劧鎯崇敤榪欎釜鍑芥暟鏀瑰彉瀵硅薄鍐呴儴鐨勬暟鎹傝繖鏍風(fēng)殑涓涓姹備篃浼?xì)缁忓笖R亣鍒幫紝灝ゅ叾鏄湪涓涓嫑鍒葷殑闈㈣瘯鑰冨畼閭i噷銆傞鍏堟垜浠寮勬竻妤氳冨畼鐨勮姹傦紝鍥犱負(fù)鏈変袱縐嶆柟娉曞彲浠ュ疄鐜幫紝濡傛灉榪欎綅鑰冨畼瑕佹眰涓嶆敼鍙樺師鏉ョ被鐨勪換浣曚笢瑗匡紝鍙浣犱粠褰撳墠榪欎釜const鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鍏ユ墜錛岄偅涔堜綘鍙湁浣跨敤鍓嶉潰鎻愬埌鐨勭被鍨嬪己鍒惰漿鎹㈡柟娉曘傚疄渚嬪涓嬶細(xì) 

//鍋囧鏈変竴涓彨鍋歑鐨勭被錛屽畠鏈変竴涓猧nt鎴愬憳鍙橀噺r錛屾垜浠渶瑕侀氳繃涓涓猚onst鎴愬憳鍑芥暟f( )鏉ュ榪欎釜r榪涜++r鎿嶄綔錛屼唬鐮佸涓?nbsp;

void X::f( ) const 

{ (const_cast(this)) -> ++r; } //閫氳繃this鎸囬拡榪涜綾誨瀷寮哄埗杞崲瀹炵幇 

鍙﹀涓縐嶆柟娉曞氨鏄嬌鐢ㄥ叧閿瓧錛歮utable銆傚鏋滀綘鐨勬垚鍛樺彉閲忓湪瀹氫箟鏃舵槸榪欎釜鏍峰瓙鐨勶細(xì) 

mutable int r ; 

閭d箞瀹冨氨鍛婅瘔緙栬瘧鍣ㄨ繖涓垚鍛樺彉閲忓彲浠ラ氳繃const鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鏀瑰彉銆傜紪璇戝櫒灝變笉浼?xì)鍐嶇悊浼?xì)瀵逛粬鐨勬鏌ヤ簡銆?nbsp;

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VC6璋冭瘯鏃訛紝濡備綍鏌ョ湅vector涓殑鍐呭錛?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/03/04/75506.html</link><dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator><author>瀹夊笡浼?/author><pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2009 06:42:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/03/04/75506.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/75506.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/03/04/75506.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>1</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/75506.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/75506.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p>鍦╒C6涓紝濡備綍鏌ョ湅浠ヤ笅浠g爜涓璿ec閲岀殑鍐呭錛?/p> <div style="BORDER-RIGHT: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; BORDER-TOP: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; BORDER-LEFT: #cccccc 1px solid; WIDTH: 98%; WORD-BREAK: break-all; PADDING-TOP: 4px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #cccccc 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee"><span style="COLOR: #000000">    vector</span><span style="COLOR: #000000"><</span><span style="COLOR: #0000ff">int</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">></span><span style="COLOR: #000000"> vec;<br>    vec.push_back(</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">1</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">);<br>    vec.push_back(</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">14</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">);<br></span></div> 濡傛灉鍦╓atch紿楀彛涓洿鎺ヨ緭鍏ec錛屽垯浼?xì)鍑虹幇濡備笅鍐呭锛?xì)<br><img height=205 alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/abware/vec.jpg" width=426 border=0><br>浼楁墍鍛ㄧ煡錛寁ector浣跨敤鐨勬槸綰挎ц繛緇瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂達(dá)紝涓婂浘涓殑_First鍜宊Last鍒嗗埆鎸囧悜閰嶇疆寰楁潵鐨勮繛緇┖闂翠腑鐩墠宸茶浣跨敤鐨勮寖鍥達(dá)紝鑰宊End鎸囧悜鏁村潡榪炵畫絀洪棿鐨勫熬绔?br>鍥犳錛屾垜浠彲浠ョ敤濡備笅鏂瑰紡鏉ユ煡鐪媣ector閲岀殑鍐呭錛?br>vec._First[0]<br>vec._First[1]<br><img height=205 alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/abware/vecWatch.jpg" width=426 border=0><br><br>鍚岀悊錛屽浜庡祵濂楃殑vector(濡備笅浠g爜涓殑vv)<br> <div style="BORDER-RIGHT: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; BORDER-TOP: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; BORDER-LEFT: #cccccc 1px solid; WIDTH: 98%; WORD-BREAK: break-all; PADDING-TOP: 4px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #cccccc 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee"><img src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align=top><span style="COLOR: #000000">    vector</span><span style="COLOR: #000000"><</span><span style="COLOR: #0000ff">int</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">></span><span style="COLOR: #000000"> vec;<br><img src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align=top>    vec.push_back(</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">1</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">);<br><img src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align=top>    vec.push_back(</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">14</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">);<br><img src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align=top>    vector</span><span style="COLOR: #000000"><</span><span style="COLOR: #000000"> vector</span><span style="COLOR: #000000"><</span><span style="COLOR: #0000ff">int</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">></span><span style="COLOR: #000000"> </span><span style="COLOR: #000000">></span><span style="COLOR: #000000"> vv;<br><img src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align=top>    vv.push_back(vec);<br><img src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align=top>    vec.push_back(</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">15</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">);<br><img src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif" align=top>    vv.push_back(vec);</span></div> 鎴戜滑鍙互榪欐牱鏌ョ湅錛?br>vv._First[1]._First[2]<br><img height=205 alt="" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/abware/vvWatch.jpg" width=426 border=0> <img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/aggbug/75506.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/" target="_blank">瀹夊笡浼?/a> 2009-03-04 14:42 <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/03/04/75506.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>姝g‘浣跨敤stl map鐨別rase鏂規(guī)硶http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/01/22/72459.html瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/author>Thu, 22 Jan 2009 05:33:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/01/22/72459.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/72459.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2009/01/22/72459.html#Feedback7http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/72459.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/72459.htmlSTL鐨刴ap琛ㄩ噷鏈変竴涓猠rase鏂規(guī)硶鐢ㄦ潵浠庝竴涓猰ap涓垹闄ゆ帀鎸囦護(hù)鐨勮妭鐐?br>eg:

map<string,string> mapTest;
typedef map
<string,string>::iterator ITER;

ITER iter
=mapTest.find(key);
mapTest.erase(iter);

 鍍忎笂闈㈣繖鏍峰彧鏄垹闄ゅ崟涓妭鐐?map鐨勫艦涓轟笉浼?xì)鍑虹庮C換鍔¢棶棰?
浣嗘槸褰撳湪涓涓驚鐜噷鐢ㄧ殑鏃跺?寰寰浼?xì)琚鐢?閭f槸鍥犱負(fù)浣跨敤鑰呮病鏈夋紜悊瑙terator鐨勬蹇?
鍍忎笅闈㈣繖鏍風(fēng)殑涓涓緥瀛愬氨鏄敊璇殑鍐欐硶,
eg:

for(ITER iter=mapTest.begin();iter!=mapTest.end();++iter)
{
cout
<<iter->first<<":"<<iter->second<<endl;
mapTest.erase(iter);
}

榪欐槸涓縐嶉敊璇殑鍐欐硶,浼?xì)瀵艰嚧绋嬪簭琛屼皋Z笉鍙煡.絀跺叾鍘熷洜鏄痬ap 鏄叧鑱斿鍣?瀵逛簬鍏寵仈瀹瑰櫒鏉ヨ錛屽鏋滄煇涓涓厓绱犲凡緇忚鍒犻櫎錛岄偅涔堝叾瀵瑰簲鐨勮凱浠e櫒灝卞け鏁堜簡錛屼笉搴旇鍐嶈浣跨敤錛涘惁鍒欎細(xì)瀵艱嚧紼嬪簭鏃犲畾涔夌殑琛屼負(fù)銆?br>鍙互鐢ㄤ互涓嬫柟娉曡В鍐寵繖闂:
姝g‘鐨勫啓娉?br>1.浣跨敤鍒犻櫎涔嬪墠鐨勮凱浠e櫒瀹氫綅涓嬩竴涓厓绱犮係TL寤鴻鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ柟寮?br>

for(ITER iter=mapTest.begin();iter!=mapTest.end();)
{
cout
<<iter->first<<":"<<iter->second<<endl;
mapTest.erase(iter
++);
}

2. erase() 鎴愬憳鍑芥暟榪斿洖涓嬩竴涓厓绱犵殑榪唬鍣?/p>

for(ITER iter=mapTest.begin();iter!=mapTest.end();)
{
cout
<<iter->first<<":"<<iter->second<<endl;
iter
=mapTest.erase(iter);
}


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OO璁捐鍘熷垯http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2008/05/28/51350.html瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/author>Tue, 27 May 2008 19:11:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2008/05/28/51350.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/51350.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2008/05/28/51350.html#Feedback1http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/51350.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/51350.html閲屾皬浠f崲鍘熷垯錛圠SP錛夛細(xì)瀛愮被鍙浛鎹㈢埗綾伙紝鍙嶄箣涓嶈
渚濊禆鍊掔疆鍘熷垯錛圖IP錛夛細(xì)渚濊禆浜庢娊璞¤屼笉鏄緷璧栦笌鍏蜂綋
鎺ュ彛闅旂鍘熷垯錛圛SP錛夛細(xì)澶氫釜涓撻棬鎺ュ彛姣斾竴涓繪帴鍙eソ
鍚堟垚/鑱氬悎澶嶇敤鍘熷垯錛圕ARP錛夛細(xì)灝介噺浣跨敤鍚堟垚/鑱氬悎錛岃屼笉鏄戶鎵?br>榪背鐗規(guī)硶鍒欙紙LoD錛夛細(xì)涓嶈鍜岄檶鐢熶漢璇磋瘽


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GMOS妯″瀷http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/12/18/38935.html瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/author>Tue, 18 Dec 2007 12:40:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/12/18/38935.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/38935.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/12/18/38935.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/38935.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/38935.htmlGMOS鍑婚敭妯″瀷

GMOS錛?span>goals/objects/methods/slecetion rules錛?/span>

鍩烘湰鎿嶄綔鏃墮棿

鍚嶇О鍜屽姪璁?/span>

鍏稿瀷鍊?/span>

鍚箟

鍑婚敭錛?span>Keying錛夛紝K

0.2縐?/span>

鏁插嚮閿洏涓婄殑涓涓敭鎵闇瑕佺殑鏃墮棿

鎸囧悜錛?span>Pointing錛夛紝P

1.1縐?/span>

鐢ㄦ埛鎸囧悜鏄劇ず灞忎笂鏌愪竴浣嶇疆鎵闇瑕佺殑鏃墮棿

褰掍綅錛?span>Homing錛夛紝H

0.4縐?/span>

鐢ㄦ埛灝嗘墜浠庨敭鐩樼Щ鍔ㄥ埌榧犳爣鎴栬呬粠榧犳爣縐誨姩鍒伴敭鐩橀渶瑕佺殑鏃墮棿

蹇冪悊鍑嗗錛?span>Mentally preparing錛夛紝M

1.35縐?/span>

鐢ㄦ埛榪涘叆涓嬩竴姝ユ墍闇瑕佺殑蹇冪悊鍑嗗鏃墮棿

鍝嶅簲錛?span>Responding錛夛紝R

 

 

 

鎻掑叆鍒犻櫎蹇冪悊鍑嗗媧誨姩鐨勮鍒?/span>

瑙勫垯0 鍊欓?span>M鐨勫垵濮嬫彃鍏?/span>

鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌殑K涔嬪墠鎻掑叆M銆傚湪鎵鏈夌敤浜庨夋嫨鍛戒護(hù)鐨?span>P涔嬪墠鎻掑叆M銆備絾鏄浜庨夋嫨鍛戒護(hù)鍙傛暟鐨?span>P錛屼笉瑕佹彃鍏?span>M銆?/span>

瑙勫垯1 棰勬湡M鐨勫垹闄?/span>

濡傛灉M鍓嶉潰鐨勬搷浣滅鍙瘋兘瀹屽叏棰勬湡M鍚庤竟鐨勪竴涓搷浣滅錛屽垯灝嗚M鍒犻櫎銆備緥濡傜Щ鍔ㄩ紶鏍囧茍鐐瑰嚮鐩爣錛屽氨闇瑕佸垹闄ゆ寜瑙勫垯0鎻掑叆鐨?span>M錛屽彉PMK涓?span>PK銆?/span>

瑙勫垯2 璁ょ煡浣嗘効鍐?span>M鐨勫垹闄?/span>

濡傛灉涓涓?span>MK灞炰簬鍚屼竴涓鐭ュ崟鍏冿紝鍒欏垹闄ら櫎浜嗙涓涓互澶栫殑鎵鏈?span>M銆備緥濡傝繛緇緭鍏ヤ竴涓崟璇嶆垨鑰呭涓暟瀛椼?/span>

瑙勫垯3 榪炵畫緇堢粨絎︿箣鍓?span>M鐨勫垹闄?/span>

濡傛灉K鏄竴涓鐭ュ崟鍏冨悗闈㈢殑澶氫綑鍒嗛殧絎︼紝濡傚懡浠ょ殑鍒嗛殧絎﹀悗闈㈢揣璺熺潃鍙傛暟鐨勫垎闅旂錛屽垯灝嗕箣鍓嶇殑M鍒犻櫎銆?/span>

瑙勫垯4 浣滀負(fù)鍛戒護(hù)緇堢粨絎︾殑M鐨勫垹闄?/span>

濡傛灉K鏄竴涓垎闅旂錛屼笖鍚庨潰绱ц窡鐫涓涓父閲忓瓧絎︿覆錛屽垯灝嗕箣鍓嶇殑M鍒犻櫎銆?/span>

瑙勫垯5 閲嶅彔M鐨勫垹闄?/span>

涓嶈璁板叆浠諱綍涓?span>R閲嶅彔鐨?span>M銆?/span>

 

涓句緥錛?/span>

璁捐涓涓蔣浠跺彲浠ュ畬鎴愬涓嬪姛鑳斤紝鍙互鎶婃憚姘忔俯搴﹁漿鎹㈡垚鍗庢皬娓╁害錛屼篃鍙互鎶婂崕姘忔俯搴﹁漿鎹㈡垚鎽勬皬娓╁害銆?/span>

鐣岄潰涓濡備笅錛?/span>


緙虹渷閫夐」娌℃湁閫変腑

HPKHKKKKK

HMPMKMHMKMKMKMKMK

HMPKHMKKKKMK

2H3M1P6K = 2*0.4 + 3*1.35 + 1.1 + 6*0.2 = 7.15縐?/span>

 

緙虹渷閫夐」閫変腑

MKKKKMK

2M5K = 2*1.35 + 5*0.2 = 3.7縐?/span>

 

鍙栦袱鑰呯殑騫沖潎鍊鹼紙7.15 + 3.7錛?span>/2 =5.4縐?/span>



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21縐嶄唬鐮佺殑鈥滃潖鍛抽亾鈥?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/26/37330.html</link><dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator><author>瀹夊笡浼?/author><pubDate>Mon, 26 Nov 2007 09:09:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/26/37330.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/37330.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/26/37330.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/37330.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/37330.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p>閫夎嚜 Martin Fowler鐨勩奟efactoring錛孖mproving the design of the existing code銆嬩竴涔?/p> <p>1錛嶥uplicated Code <br>銆銆浠g爜閲嶅鍑犱箮鏄渶甯歌鐨勫紓鍛充簡銆備粬涔熸槸Refactoring 鐨勪富瑕佺洰鏍囦箣涓銆備唬鐮侀噸澶嶅線寰鏉ヨ嚜浜巆opy-and-paste 鐨勭紪紼嬮鏍箋備笌浠栫浉瀵瑰簲OAOO 鏄竴涓ソ緋葷粺鐨勯噸瑕佹爣蹇椼?</p> <p>2錛嶭ong method <br>銆銆瀹冩槸浼犵粺緇撴瀯鍖栫殑“閬楁瘨“銆備竴涓柟娉曞簲褰撳叿鏈夎嚜鎴戠嫭绔嬬殑鎰忓浘錛屼笉瑕佹妸鍑犱釜鎰忓浘鏀懼湪涓璧楓?</p> <p>3錛嶭arge Class <br>銆銆澶х被灝辨槸浣犳妸澶鐨勮矗浠諱氦緇欎簡涓涓被銆傝繖閲岀殑瑙勫垯鏄疧ne Class One Responsibility銆?</p> <p>4錛嶥ivergent Change <br>銆銆涓涓被閲岄潰鐨勫唴瀹瑰彉鍖栫巼涓嶅悓銆傛煇浜涚姸鎬佷竴涓皬鏃跺彉涓嬈★紝鏌愪簺鍒欏嚑涓湀涓騫存墠鍙樹竴嬈★紱鏌愪簺鐘舵佸洜涓鴻繖鏂歸潰鐨勫師鍥犲彂鐢熷彉鍖栵紝鑰屽彟涓浜涘垯鍥犱負(fù)鍏朵粬鏂歸潰鐨勫師鍥犲彉涓嬈°傞潰鍚戝璞$殑鎶借薄灝辨槸鎶婄浉瀵逛笉鍙樼殑鍜岀浉瀵瑰彉鍖栫浉闅旂銆傛妸闂鍙樺寲鐨勪竴鏂歸潰鍜屽彟涓鏂歸潰鐩擱殧紱匯傝繖浣垮緱榪欎簺鐩稿涓嶅彉鐨勫彲浠ラ噸鐢ㄣ傞棶棰樺彉鍖栫殑姣忎釜鏂歸潰閮藉彲浠ュ崟鐙噸鐢ㄣ傝繖縐嶇浉寮傚彉鍖栫殑鍏卞瓨浣垮緱閲嶇敤闈炲父鍥伴毦銆?</p> <p>5錛嶴hotgun Surgery <br>銆銆榪欐濂藉拰涓婇潰鐩稿弽銆傚緋葷粺涓涓湴鏂圭殑鏀瑰彉娑夊強(qiáng)鍒板叾浠栬澶氬湴鏂圭殑鐩稿叧鏀瑰彉銆傝繖浜涘彉鍖栫巼鍜屽彉鍖栧唴瀹圭浉浼肩殑鐘舵佸拰琛屼負(fù)閫氬父搴斿綋鏀懼湪鍚屼竴涓被涓?</p> <p>6錛嶧eature Envy <br>銆銆瀵硅薄鐨勭洰鐨勫氨鏄皝瑁呯姸鎬佷互鍙?qiáng)涓帢q欎簺鐘舵佺揣瀵嗙浉鍏崇殑琛屼負(fù)銆傚鏋滀竴涓被鐨勬柟娉曢綣佺敤get 鏂規(guī)硶瀛樺彇鍏朵粬綾葷殑鐘舵佽繘琛岃綆楋紝閭d箞浣犺鑰冭檻鎶婅涓虹Щ鍒版秹鍙?qiáng)鐘舵佹暟鐩渶澶氱殑閭d釜綾匯?</p> <p>7錛嶥ata Clumps <br>銆銆鏌愪簺鏁版嵁閫氬父鍍忓瀛愪竴鏍鋒垚緹ょ帺鑰嶏細(xì)涓璧峰嚭鐜板湪寰堝綾葷殑鎴愬憳鍙橀噺涓紝涓璧峰嚭鐜板湪璁稿鏂規(guī)硶鐨勫弬鏁頒腑…..錛岃繖浜涙暟鎹垨璁稿簲璇ヨ嚜宸辯嫭绔嬪艦鎴愬璞°?</p> <p>8錛嶱rimitive Obsession <br>銆銆闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鐨勬柊鎵嬮氬父涔?fàn)鎯娇鐢ㄥ嚑涓師濮嬀c誨瀷鐨勬暟鎹潵琛ㄧず涓涓蹇點傝濡傚浜庤寖鍥達(dá)紝浠栦滑浼?xì)鋴社敤涓や釜鏁板瓧銆傚浜嶮oney錛屼粬浠細(xì)鐢ㄤ竴涓誕鐐規(guī)暟鏉ヨ〃紺恒傚洜涓轟綘娌℃湁浣跨敤瀵硅薄鏉ヨ〃杈鵑棶棰樹腑瀛樺湪鐨勬蹇碉紝榪欎嬌寰椾唬鐮佸彉鐨勯毦浠ョ悊瑙o紝瑙e喅闂鐨勯毦搴﹀ぇ澶у鍔犮?<br>銆銆濂界殑涔?fàn)鎯槸鎵╁厖璇a鎵鑳芥彁渚涘師濮嬬被鍨嬶紝鐢ㄥ皬瀵硅薄鏉ヨ〃紺鴻寖鍥淬侀噾棰濄佽漿鍖栫巼銆侀偖鏀跨紪鐮佺瓑絳夈?</p> <p>9錛嶴witch Statement <br>銆銆鍩轟簬甯擱噺鐨勫紑鍏寵鍙ユ槸 OO 鐨勫ぇ鏁岋紝浣犲簲褰撴妸浠栧彉涓哄瓙綾匯乻tate 鎴杝trategy銆?</p> <p>10錛?Parallel Inheritance Hierarchies <br>銆銆騫惰鐨勭戶鎵垮眰嬈℃槸shotgun surgery 鐨勭壒孌婃儏鍐點傚洜涓哄綋浣犳敼鍙樹竴涓眰嬈′腑鐨勬煇涓涓被鏃訛紝浣犲繀欏誨悓鏃舵敼鍙樺彟澶栦竴涓眰嬈$殑騫惰瀛愮被銆?</p> <p>11錛?Lazy Class <br>銆銆涓涓共媧諱笉澶氱殑綾匯傜被鐨勭淮鎶ら渶瑕侀澶栫殑寮閿錛屽鏋滀竴涓被鎵挎媴浜嗗お灝戠殑璐d換錛屽簲褰撴秷闄ゅ畠銆?</p> <p>12錛?Speculative Generality <br>銆銆涓涓被瀹炵幇浜嗕粠鏈敤鍒扮殑鍔熻兘鍜岄氱敤鎬с傞氬父榪欐牱鐨勭被鎴栨柟娉曞敮涓鐨勭敤鎴鋒槸testcase銆備笉瑕佺姽璞紝鍒犻櫎瀹冦?</p> <p>13錛?Temporary Field <br>銆銆涓涓璞$殑灞炴у彲鑳藉彧鍦ㄦ煇浜涙儏鍐典笅鎵嶆湁鎰忎箟銆傝繖鏍風(fēng)殑浠g爜灝嗛毦浠ョ悊瑙c備笓闂ㄥ緩绔嬩竴涓璞℃潵鎸佹湁榪欐牱鐨勫鍎垮睘鎬э紝鎶婂彧鍜屼粬鐩稿叧鐨勮涓虹Щ鍒拌綾匯傛渶甯歌鐨勬槸涓涓壒瀹氱殑綆楁硶闇瑕佹煇浜涘彧鏈夎綆楁硶鎵嶆湁鐢ㄧ殑鍙橀噺銆?</p> <p>14錛?Message Chain <br>銆銆娑堟伅閾懼彂鐢熶簬褰撲竴涓鎴峰悜涓涓璞¤姹傚彟涓涓璞★紝鐒跺悗瀹㈡埛鍙堝悜榪欏彟涓瀵硅薄瑕佹眰鍙︿竴涓璞★紝鍐嶅悜榪欏彟涓涓璞¤姹傚彟涓涓璞★紝濡傛濡傛銆傝繖鏃訛紝浣犻渶瑕侀殣钘忓垎媧俱?</p> <p>15錛?Middle Man <br>銆銆瀵硅薄鐨勫熀鏈壒鎬т箣涓灝辨槸灝佽錛岃屼綘緇忓父浼?xì)閫氳繃鍒嗘淳鍘誨疄鐜板皝瑁呫備絾鏄繖涓姝ヤ笉鑳借蛋寰楀お榪滐紝濡傛灉浣犲彂鐜頒竴涓被鎺ュ彛鐨勪竴澶у崐鏂規(guī)硶閮藉湪鍋氬垎媧撅紝浣犲彲鑳介渶瑕佺Щ鍘昏繖涓腑闂翠漢銆?</p> <p>16錛?Inappropriate Intimacy <br>銆銆鏌愪簺綾葷浉浜掍箣闂村お浜插瘑錛屽畠浠姳璐逛簡澶鐨勬椂闂村幓鐮栫爺鍒漢鐨勭鏈夐儴鍒嗐傚浜虹被鑰岃█錛屾垜浠篃璁鎬笉搴旇澶亣姝g粡錛屼絾鎴戜滑搴斿綋璁╄嚜宸辯殑綾諱弗鏍奸伒瀹堢嬈蹭富涔夈?</p> <p>17錛?Alternative Classes with Different Interfaces <br>銆銆鍋氱浉鍚屼簨鎯呯殑鏂規(guī)硶鏈変笉鍚岀殑鍑芥暟signature錛屼竴鑷存妸瀹冧滑寰綾誨眰嬈′笂縐伙紝鐩磋嚦鍗忚涓鑷淬?</p> <p>18錛?Incomplete Library Class <br>銆銆瑕佸緩绔嬩竴涓ソ鐨勭被搴撻潪甯稿洶闅俱傛垜浠ぇ閲忕殑紼嬪簭宸ヤ綔閮藉熀浜庣被搴撳疄鐜般傜劧鑰岋紝濡傛騫挎硾鑰屽張鐩稿紓鐨勭洰鏍囧搴撴瀯寤鴻呮彁鍑轟簡鑻涘埢鐨勮姹傘傚簱鏋勫緩鑰呬篃涓嶆槸涓囪兘鐨勩傛湁鏃跺欐垜浠細(xì)鍙戠幇搴撶被鏃犳硶瀹炵幇鎴戜滑闇瑕佺殑鍔熻兘銆傝岀洿鎺ュ搴撶被鐨勪慨鏀規(guī)湁闈炲父鍥伴毦銆傝繖鏃跺欏氨闇瑕佺敤鍚勭鎵嬫榪涜Refactoring銆?</p> <p>19錛?Data Class <br>銆銆瀵硅薄鍖呮嫭鐘舵佸拰琛屼負(fù)銆傚鏋滀竴涓被鍙湁鐘舵佹病鏈夎涓猴紝閭d箞鑲畾鏈変粈涔堝湴鏂瑰嚭闂浜嗐?</p> <p>20錛?Refused Bequest <br>銆銆瓚呯被浼犱笅鏉ュ緢澶氳涓哄拰鐘舵侊紝鑰屽瓙綾誨彧鏄敤浜嗗叾涓殑寰堝皬涓閮ㄥ垎銆傝繖閫氬父鎰忓懗鐫浣犵殑綾誨眰嬈℃湁闂銆?</p> <p>21錛?Comments <br>銆銆緇忓父瑙夊緱瑕佸啓寰堝娉ㄩ噴琛ㄧず浣犵殑浠g爜闅句互鐞嗚В銆傚鏋滆繖縐嶆劅瑙夊お澶氾紝琛ㄧず浣犻渶瑕丷efactoring銆?</p> <p> </p> <img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/aggbug/37330.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/" target="_blank">瀹夊笡浼?/a> 2007-11-26 17:09 <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/26/37330.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>statichttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/21/37053.html瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/author>Tue, 20 Nov 2007 17:10:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/21/37053.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/37053.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/21/37053.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/37053.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/37053.html  闃呰鍏ㄦ枃

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涓灝忔浠g爜http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/09/36249.html瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/author>Fri, 09 Nov 2007 12:00:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/09/36249.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/36249.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/11/09/36249.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/36249.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/36249.html
int main()
{
    
int i;
    
int a[10];
    
for(i=0; i<=10; i++)
    {
        a[i]
=0;
        printf(
"%d ",a[i]);
    }
    
return 0;
}
榪欐浠g爜閲岀殑閿欒寰堟槑鏄撅紝鏁扮粍a鍦ㄥ驚鐜椂瓚婄晫浜嗐備笉榪囧湪VC6涓嬬紪璇戣繍琛屽悗鐨勭粨鏋滃緢鏈夋剰鎬濓紝鏄釜鏃犻檺寰幆錛岀煡閬撲負(fù)浠涔堝悧錛?

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[ZZ] c++涓殑閿欒澶勭悊 http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/10/18/34551.html瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/author>Thu, 18 Oct 2007 07:38:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/10/18/34551.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/34551.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/10/18/34551.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/34551.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/34551.html闃呰鍏ㄦ枃

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鍝插http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/10/15/34269.html瀹夊笡浼?/dc:creator>瀹夊笡浼?/author>Mon, 15 Oct 2007 07:31:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/10/15/34269.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/34269.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/archive/2007/10/15/34269.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/abware/comments/commentRss/34269.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/abware/services/trackbacks/34269.html涓嶈繃浠ユ垜鐨勭悊瑙o紝鍝插灝辨槸鎬濊京銆傛濊冧細(xì)璁╀漢璁よ瘑鍒頒互鍓嶆湭璁よ瘑鍒扮殑涓滆タ錛岃京璁哄垯浼?xì)鍑彏畱鎬濊冭繃紼嬩腑鐨勯敊璇璇嗐傞氳繃榪欐牱鐨勬墜孌碉紝浜虹被寰椾互鍙戝睍鍑虹幇浠g瀛︿綋緋匯?br>涓鍒囧緩绔嬪湪鎬濊京鍩虹涔嬩笂鐨勫縐戦兘鏄摬瀛︾殑琛嶇敓瀛︾錛岃繖鍖呮嫭鎵鏈夌殑鑷劧縐戝銆傝綆楁満縐戝鏄嚜鐒剁瀛︾殑涓涓垎鏀紝鎵浠ヤ篃鏄摬瀛︼紝榪欎篃灝辨槸涓轟粈涔堣嫳鏂囬噷鐨凱h.D(Doctor of Philosophy Degree 鍗氬+瀛︿綅)鏄寚鎵鏈夎嚜鐒剁瀛︾殑鍗氬+鑰岄潪鐗規(guī)寚鍝插涓撲笟鐨勫崥澹殑鍘熷洜銆?br>鏈変竴涓佹父鎴?#8220;鏂囨槑”錛屾父鎴忎腑鏈鍏堢爺絀跺嚭“鍝插”鐨勫浗瀹跺皢鐩存帴榪涘叆“榛勯噾鏃朵唬”錛岀敓浜у姏澶уぇ鎻愰珮銆傝繖涓鐐硅璁″緱闈炲父鍒囧悎瀹為檯錛屼篃璇存槑浜嗗摬瀛﹀湪浜虹被鍙戝睍鍙蹭笂鐨勯噸瑕佹с?br>灝變腑鍥芥潵璇達(dá)紝鏄劇劧鍝插榪欎釜璇嶈“椹厠鎬濅富涔夊摬瀛?#8221;鎵璇敤錛屼竴鎻愬摬瀛﹀ソ鍍忛兘涓庨┈鍏嬫濅富涔夋湁鍏籌紝鍏跺疄涓嶇劧銆?#8220;鍧氭寔XXXX涓嶅姩鎽?#8221;榪欎竴綾葷殑璦璁哄叾鏈韓灝變笉鍏鋒湁鎬濊京鐨勭壒鎬с傛垜騫朵笉鏄XXXX涓嶆紜紝鍙槸濡傛灉涓嶅幓杈╄錛屾庝箞鑳界煡閬揦XXX鏄惁姝g‘鍛紱濡傛灉XXXX鏈韓鏄紜殑錛岄偅涔堣京璁轟笉鏄彲浠ユ洿濂界殑浣撶幇鍑哄畠鐨勬紜у悧錛?br>涓浗緇忓巻浜嗕簩鍗冨勾鐨勫皝寤哄埗搴︼紝鍦ㄨ繖浜屽崈騫撮噷涓浗鏄劇劧娌℃湁鍙戝睍鍑哄摬瀛︼紝鎵浠ヨ嚜鐒剁瀛︿綋緋繪病鏈夊湪涓浗鍘嗗彶涓駭鐢熶篃灝卞緢姝e父浜嗐?#8220;鍕捐偂瀹氱悊”銆佸洓澶у彂鏄庣瓑錛岃繖浜涘彲鑳芥槸涓浗鍘嗗彶涓婁負(fù)鏁頒笉澶氱殑涓庤嚜鐒剁瀛︾浉鍏崇殑鎴愭灉浜嗭紝浣嗘槸娌℃湁鍝插錛屼竴鍒囨垚鏋滀篃娌℃湁鍔炴硶榪涗竴姝ュ彂灞曟垚縐戝浣撶郴浜嗐備腑鍥界殑灝佸緩鍒跺害鏄劇劧鍙戝睍鍒頒簡涓涓緢楂樼殑楂樺害錛岃浣撶郴搴旇璇存槸寰堝畬鍠勭殑錛?#8220;鍚涜吹姘戣交”鐨勬暀鑲插埗搴︼紱鍎掑鎬濇兂琚粺娌婚樁孌墊墍鍒╃敤錛涗腑澶泦鏉冧笌鍐涢槦鐨勪嬌鐢ㄣ傛墍鏈夎繖浜涢兘寤墮暱浜嗗皝寤哄埗搴︾殑瀛樺湪鏃墮棿錛屼笉寰椾笉璇達(dá)紝涓浗浜鴻繕鏄緢鑱槑鐨勶紝鍙彲鎯滆仾鏄庡弽琚仾鏄庤銆傞偅浜涘皝寤哄埗搴︿笉閭d箞瀹屽杽鐨勫湴鏂癸紝浼?xì)鏇存棭鍦板彂鐜盀畞寰忓埗搴︾殑缂虹偣锛屼篃灏辨洿鏃╃殑漶旂敓鏂扮殑鏀挎舱d埗搴︺傝屽摬瀛︼紝鍒欐槸鏂板埗搴︿駭鐢熺殑鍩虹錛岄氳繃鎬濊鯨錛屾垜浠彲浠ュ彂鐜?#8220;‘鍚?#8217;鍏跺疄騫朵笉閭d箞璐碉紝‘姘?#8217;涔熷茍涓嶆槸閭d箞杞?#8221;錛涘綋緇熸不闃舵鎯寵鐏岃緭鏌愮鏈夊埄浜庝粬浠粺娌葷殑鎬濇兂鏃訛紝鎬濊京浼?xì)甯姪鎴戜滑鏄庤鲸鏄潪銆?br>浜嬪疄涓婁腑鍥藉茍闈炴病鏈夋濊京錛屽彧涓嶈繃鎬濊鯨鐨勬濇兂娌℃湁鍗犳嵁緇熸不鍦頒綅錛岃繖涓鐐逛竴鐩村埌鐜板湪涔熸槸榪欐牱錛屼笉鐒朵負(fù)浠涔堜細(xì)鏈変漢鍒犻櫎鎴戜滑鐨勫笘瀛愬憿錛?P


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