給出一個字符組成的已從小到大排序的list和一個target字符，問list中第一個比target大的字符是什么，若不存在，輸出list第一個字符，二分的簡單應用
手寫二分：
1 #744
2 #Runtime: 83 ms (Beats 49.15%)
3 #Memory: 15.2 MB (Beats 72.73%)
4
5 class Solution(object):
6 def nextGreatestLetter(self, letters, target):
7 """
8 :type letters: List[str]
9 :type target: str
10 :rtype: str
11 """
12 def b_search(ch):
13 l = 0
14 r = len(letters) - 1
15 while l < r:
16 mid = (l + r) // 2
17 if letters[mid] <= target:
18 l = mid + 1
19 else:
20 r = mid
21 return l
22 idx = b_search(target)
23
24 if letters[idx] > target:
25 return letters[idx]
26 return letters[0]
用python自帶二分函數；
1 #744
2 #Runtime: 80 ms (Beats 66.76%)
3 #Memory: 15.2 MB (Beats 93.75%)
4
5 class Solution(object):
6 def nextGreatestLetter(self, letters, target):
7 """
8 :type letters: List[str]
9 :type target: str
10 :rtype: str
11 """
12 idx = bisect.bisect_right(letters, target)
13
14 if idx < len(letters):
15 return letters[idx]
16 return letters[0]