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鏈枃璇︾粏鍦頒粙緇嶄簡鍩轟簬宓屽叆寮忕郴緇熶腑鐨?OS 鍚姩鍔犺澆紼嬪簭 鈥曗?Boot Loader 鐨勬蹇點(diǎn)佽蔣浠惰璁＄殑涓昏浠誨姟浠ュ強(qiáng)緇撴瀯妗嗘灦絳夊唴瀹廣?br>
涓銆佸紩璦

鍦ㄤ笓鐢ㄧ殑宓屽叆寮忔澘瀛愯繍琛?GNU/Linux 緋葷粺宸茬粡鍙樺緱瓚婃潵瓚婃祦琛屻備竴涓祵鍏ュ紡 Linux 緋葷粺浠庤蔣浠剁殑瑙掑害鐪嬮氬父鍙互鍒嗕負(fù)鍥涗釜灞傛錛?
  • 寮曞鍔犺澆紼嬪簭銆傚寘鎷浐鍖栧湪鍥轟歡(firmware)涓殑 boot 浠ｇ爜(鍙?錛屽拰 Boot Loader 涓ゅぇ閮ㄥ垎銆?
  • Linux 鍐呮牳銆傜壒瀹氫簬宓屽叆寮忔澘瀛愮殑瀹氬埗鍐呮牳浠ュ強(qiáng)鍐呮牳鐨勫惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁般?
  • 鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆傚寘鎷牴鏂囦歡緋葷粺鍜屽緩绔嬩簬 Flash 鍐呭瓨璁懼涔嬩笂鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆傞氬父鐢?ram disk 鏉ヤ綔涓?root fs銆?
  • 鐢ㄦ埛搴旂敤紼嬪簭銆傜壒瀹氫簬鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忋傛湁鏃跺湪鐢ㄦ埛搴旂敤紼嬪簭鍜屽唴鏍稿眰涔嬮棿鍙兘榪樹細(xì)鍖呮嫭涓涓祵鍏ュ紡鍥懼艦鐢ㄦ埛鐣岄潰銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑宓屽叆寮?GUI 鏈夛細(xì)MicroWindows 鍜?MiniGUI 鎳傘?

寮曞鍔犺澆紼嬪簭鏄郴緇熷姞鐢?shù)鍚帢q愯鐨勭涓孌佃蔣浠朵唬鐮併傚洖蹇嗕竴涓?PC 鐨勪綋緋葷粨鏋勬垜浠彲浠ョ煡閬擄紝PC 鏈轟腑鐨勫紩瀵煎姞杞界▼搴忕敱 BIOS(鍏舵湰璐ㄥ氨鏄竴孌靛浐浠剁▼搴?鍜屼綅浜庣‖鐩?MBR 涓殑 OS Boot Loader錛堟瘮濡傦紝LILO 鍜?GRUB 絳夛級涓璧風(fēng)粍鎴愩侭IOS 鍦ㄥ畬鎴愮‖浠舵嫻嬪拰璧勬簮鍒嗛厤鍚庯紝灝嗙‖鐩?MBR 涓殑 Boot Loader 璇誨埌緋葷粺鐨?RAM 涓紝鐒跺悗灝嗘帶鍒舵潈浜ょ粰 OS Boot Loader銆侭oot Loader 鐨勪富瑕佽繍琛屼換鍔″氨鏄皢鍐呮牳鏄犺薄浠庣‖鐩樹笂璇誨埌 RAM 涓紝鐒跺悗璺寵漿鍒板唴鏍哥殑鍏ュ彛鐐瑰幓榪愯錛屼篃鍗沖紑濮嬪惎鍔ㄦ搷浣滅郴緇熴?

鑰屽湪宓屽叆寮忕郴緇熶腑錛岄氬父騫舵病鏈夊儚 BIOS 閭ｆ牱鐨勫浐浠剁▼搴忥紙娉紝鏈夌殑宓屽叆寮?CPU 涔熶細(xì)鍐呭祵涓孌電煭灝忕殑鍚姩紼嬪簭錛夛紝鍥犳鏁翠釜緋葷粺鐨勫姞杞藉惎鍔ㄤ換鍔″氨瀹屽叏鐢?Boot Loader 鏉ュ畬鎴愩傛瘮濡傚湪涓涓熀浜?ARM7TDMI core 鐨勫祵鍏ュ紡緋葷粺涓紝緋葷粺鍦ㄤ笂鐢墊垨澶嶄綅鏃墮氬父閮戒粠鍦板潃 0x00000000 澶勫紑濮嬫墽琛岋紝鑰屽湪榪欎釜鍦板潃澶勫畨鎺掔殑閫氬父灝辨槸緋葷粺鐨?Boot Loader 紼嬪簭銆?

鏈枃灝嗕粠 Boot Loader 鐨勬蹇點(diǎn)丅oot Loader 鐨勪富瑕佷換鍔°丅oot Loader 鐨勬鏋剁粨鏋勪互鍙?Boot Loader 鐨勫畨瑁呯瓑鍥涗釜鏂歸潰鏉ヨ璁哄祵鍏ュ紡緋葷粺鐨?Boot Loader銆?

浜?/font>銆?/strong>Boot Loader 鐨勬蹇?br>
綆鍗曞湴璇達(dá)紝Boot Loader 灝辨槸鍦ㄦ搷浣滅郴緇熷唴鏍歌繍琛屼箣鍓嶈繍琛岀殑涓孌靛皬紼嬪簭銆傞氳繃榪欐灝忕▼搴忥紝鎴戜滑鍙互鍒濆鍖栫‖浠惰澶囥佸緩绔嬪唴瀛樼┖闂寸殑鏄犲皠鍥撅紝浠庤屽皢緋葷粺鐨勮蔣紜歡鐜甯﹀埌涓涓悎閫傜殑鐘舵侊紝浠ヤ究涓烘渶緇堣皟鐢ㄦ搷浣滅郴緇熷唴鏍稿噯澶囧ソ姝ｇ‘鐨勭幆澧冦?

閫氬父錛孊oot Loader 鏄弗閲嶅湴渚濊禆浜庣‖浠惰屽疄鐜扮殑錛岀壒鍒槸鍦ㄥ祵鍏ュ紡涓栫晫銆傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄥ祵鍏ュ紡涓栫晫閲屽緩绔嬩竴涓氱敤鐨?Boot Loader 鍑犱箮鏄笉鍙兘鐨勩傚敖綆″姝わ紝鎴戜滑浠嶇劧鍙互瀵?Boot Loader 褰掔撼鍑轟竴浜涢氱敤鐨勬蹇墊潵錛屼互鎸囧鐢ㄦ埛鐗瑰畾鐨?Boot Loader 璁捐涓庡疄鐜般?

1. Boot Loader 鎵鏀寔鐨?CPU 鍜屽祵鍏ュ紡鏉?br>
姣忕涓嶅悓鐨?CPU 浣撶郴緇撴瀯閮芥湁涓嶅悓鐨?Boot Loader銆傛湁浜?Boot Loader 涔熸敮鎸佸縐嶄綋緋葷粨鏋勭殑 CPU錛屾瘮濡?U-Boot 灝卞悓鏃舵敮鎸?ARM 浣撶郴緇撴瀯鍜孧IPS 浣撶郴緇撴瀯銆傞櫎浜嗕緷璧栦簬 CPU 鐨勪綋緋葷粨鏋勫錛孊oot Loader 瀹為檯涓婁篃渚濊禆浜庡叿浣撶殑宓屽叆寮忔澘綰ц澶囩殑閰嶇疆銆傝繖涔熷氨鏄錛屽浜庝袱鍧椾笉鍚岀殑宓屽叆寮忔澘鑰岃█錛屽嵆浣垮畠浠槸鍩轟簬鍚屼竴縐?CPU 鑰屾瀯寤虹殑錛岃鎯寵榪愯鍦ㄤ竴鍧楁澘瀛愪笂鐨?Boot Loader 紼嬪簭涔熻兘榪愯鍦ㄥ彟涓鍧楁澘瀛愪笂錛岄氬父涔熼兘闇瑕佷慨鏀?Boot Loader 鐨勬簮紼嬪簭銆?

2. Boot Loader 鐨勫畨瑁呭獟浠嬶紙Installation Medium錛?br>
緋葷粺鍔犵數(shù)鎴栧浣嶅悗錛屾墍鏈夌殑 CPU 閫氬父閮戒粠鏌愪釜鐢?CPU 鍒墮犲晢棰勫厛瀹夋帓鐨勫湴鍧涓婂彇鎸囦護(hù)銆傛瘮濡傦紝鍩轟簬 ARM7TDMI core 鐨?CPU 鍦ㄥ浣嶆椂閫氬父閮戒粠鍦板潃 0x00000000 鍙栧畠鐨勭涓鏉℃寚浠ゃ傝屽熀浜?CPU 鏋勫緩鐨勫祵鍏ュ紡緋葷粺閫氬父閮芥湁鏌愮綾誨瀷鐨勫浐鎬佸瓨鍌ㄨ澶?姣斿錛歊OM銆丒EPROM 鎴?FLASH 絳?琚槧灝勫埌榪欎釜棰勫厛瀹夋帓鐨勫湴鍧涓娿傚洜姝ゅ湪緋葷粺鍔犵數(shù)鍚庯紝CPU 灝嗛鍏堟墽琛?Boot Loader 紼嬪簭銆?
涓嬪浘1灝辨槸涓涓悓鏃惰鏈?Boot Loader銆佸唴鏍哥殑鍚姩鍙傛暟銆佸唴鏍告槧鍍忓拰鏍規(guī)枃浠剁郴緇熸槧鍍忕殑鍥烘佸瓨鍌ㄨ澶囩殑鍏稿瀷絀洪棿鍒嗛厤緇撴瀯鍥俱?

鍥? 鍥烘佸瓨鍌ㄨ澶囩殑鍏稿瀷絀洪棿鍒嗛厤緇撴瀯

http://linux.chinaunix.net/mirror/www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-btloader/images/image001.gif



3. 鐢ㄦ潵鎺у埗 Boot Loader 鐨勮澶囨垨鏈哄埗

涓繪満鍜岀洰鏍囨満涔嬮棿涓鑸氳繃涓插彛寤虹珛榪炴帴錛孊oot Loader 杞歡鍦ㄦ墽琛屾椂閫氬父浼?xì)閫氳繃涓插彛鏉ヨ繘琛?I/O錛屾瘮濡傦細(xì)杈撳嚭鎵撳嵃淇℃伅鍒頒覆鍙ｏ紝浠庝覆鍙ｈ鍙栫敤鎴鋒帶鍒跺瓧絎︾瓑銆?

4. Boot Loader 鐨勫惎鍔ㄨ繃紼嬫槸鍗曢樁孌碉紙Single Stage錛夎繕鏄闃舵錛圡ulti-Stage錛?br>
閫氬父澶氶樁孌電殑 Boot Loader 鑳芥彁渚涙洿涓哄鏉傜殑鍔熻兘錛屼互鍙?qiáng)鏇村ソ鐨勫彲绉绘鎬с備粠鍥烘佸瓨鍌ㄨ澶囦笂鍚姩鐨?Boot Loader 澶у閮芥槸 2 闃舵鐨勫惎鍔ㄨ繃紼嬶紝涔熷嵆鍚姩榪囩▼鍙互鍒嗕負(fù) stage 1 鍜?stage 2 涓ら儴鍒嗐傝岃嚦浜庡湪 stage 1 鍜?stage 2 鍏蜂綋瀹屾垚鍝簺浠誨姟灝嗗湪涓嬮潰璁ㄨ銆?

5. Boot Loader 鐨勬搷浣滄ā寮?(Operation Mode)

澶у鏁?Boot Loader 閮藉寘鍚袱縐嶄笉鍚岀殑鎿嶄綔妯″紡錛?鍚姩鍔犺澆"妯″紡鍜?涓嬭澆"妯″紡錛岃繖縐嶅尯鍒粎瀵逛簬寮鍙戜漢鍛樻墠鏈夋剰涔夈備絾浠庢渶緇堢敤鎴風(fēng)殑瑙掑害鐪嬶紝Boot Loader 鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ氨鏄敤鏉ュ姞杞芥搷浣滅郴緇燂紝鑰屽茍涓嶅瓨鍦ㄦ墍璋撶殑鍚姩鍔犺澆妯″紡涓庝笅杞藉伐浣滄ā寮忕殑鍖哄埆銆?

鍚姩鍔犺澆錛圔oot loading錛夋ā寮忥細(xì)榪欑妯″紡涔熺О涓?鑷富" 錛圓utonomous錛夋ā寮忋備篃鍗?Boot Loader 浠庣洰鏍囨満涓婄殑鏌愪釜鍥烘佸瓨鍌ㄨ澶囦笂灝嗘搷浣滅郴緇熷姞杞藉埌 RAM 涓繍琛岋紝鏁翠釜榪囩▼騫舵病鏈夌敤鎴風(fēng)殑浠嬪叆銆傝繖縐嶆ā寮忔槸 Boot Loader 鐨勬甯稿伐浣滄ā寮忥紝鍥犳鍦ㄥ祵鍏ュ紡浜у搧鍙戝竷鐨勬椂渚紝Boot Loader 鏄劇劧蹇呴』宸ヤ綔鍦ㄨ繖縐嶆ā寮忎笅銆?

涓嬭澆錛圖ownloading錛夋ā寮忥細(xì)鍦ㄨ繖縐嶆ā寮忎笅錛岀洰鏍囨満涓婄殑 Boot Loader 灝嗛氳繃涓插彛榪炴帴鎴栫綉緇滆繛鎺ョ瓑閫氫俊鎵嬫浠庝富鏈猴紙Host錛変笅杞芥枃浠訛紝姣斿錛氫笅杞藉唴鏍告槧鍍忓拰鏍規(guī)枃浠剁郴緇熸槧鍍忕瓑銆備粠涓繪満涓嬭澆鐨勬枃浠墮氬父棣栧厛琚?Boot Loader 淇濆瓨鍒扮洰鏍囨満鐨?RAM 涓紝鐒跺悗鍐嶈 Boot Loader 鍐欏埌鐩爣鏈轟笂鐨凢LASH 綾誨浐鎬佸瓨鍌ㄨ澶囦腑銆侭oot Loader 鐨勮繖縐嶆ā寮忛氬父鍦ㄧ涓嬈″畨瑁呭唴鏍鎬笌鏍規(guī)枃浠剁郴緇熸椂琚嬌鐢紱姝ゅ錛屼互鍚庣殑緋葷粺鏇存柊涔熶細(xì)浣跨敤 Boot Loader 鐨勮繖縐嶅伐浣滄ā寮忋傚伐浣滀簬榪欑妯″紡涓嬬殑 Boot Loader 閫氬父閮戒細(xì)鍚戝畠鐨勭粓绔敤鎴鋒彁渚涗竴涓畝鍗曠殑鍛戒護(hù)琛屾帴鍙ｃ?

鍍?Blob 鎴?U-Boot 絳夎繖鏍峰姛鑳藉己澶х殑 Boot Loader 閫氬父鍚屾椂鏀寔榪欎袱縐嶅伐浣滄ā寮忥紝鑰屼笖鍏佽鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄨ繖涓ょ宸ヤ綔妯″紡涔嬮棿榪涜鍒囨崲銆傛瘮濡傦紝Blob 鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄦ椂澶勪簬姝ｅ父鐨勫惎鍔ㄥ姞杞芥ā寮忥紝浣嗘槸瀹冧細(xì)寤舵椂 10 縐掔瓑寰呯粓绔敤鎴鋒寜涓嬩換鎰忛敭鑰屽皢 blob 鍒囨崲鍒頒笅杞芥ā寮忋傚鏋滃湪 10 縐掑唴娌℃湁鐢ㄦ埛鎸夐敭錛屽垯 blob 緇х畫鍚姩 Linux 鍐呮牳銆?

6. BootLoader 涓庝富鏈轟箣闂磋繘琛屾枃浠朵紶杈撴墍鐢ㄧ殑閫氫俊璁懼鍙?qiáng)鍗忚?br>
鏈甯歌鐨勬儏鍐靛氨鏄紝鐩爣鏈轟笂鐨?Boot Loader 閫氳繃涓插彛涓庝富鏈轟箣闂磋繘琛屾枃浠朵紶杈擄紝浼犺緭鍗忚閫氬父鏄?xmodem錛弝modem錛弞modem 鍗忚涓殑涓縐嶃備絾鏄紝涓插彛浼犺緭鐨勯熷害鏄湁闄愮殑錛屽洜姝ら氳繃浠ュお緗戣繛鎺ュ茍鍊熷姪 TFTP 鍗忚鏉ヤ笅杞芥枃浠舵槸涓洿濂界殑閫夋嫨銆?
姝ゅ錛屽湪璁哄強(qiáng)榪欎釜璇濋鏃訛紝涓繪満鏂規(guī)墍鐢ㄧ殑杞歡涔熻鑰冭檻銆傛瘮濡傦紝鍦ㄩ氳繃浠ュお緗戣繛鎺ュ拰 TFTP 鍗忚鏉ヤ笅杞芥枃浠舵椂錛屼富鏈烘柟蹇呴』鏈変竴涓蔣浠剁敤鏉ョ殑鎻愪緵 TFTP 鏈嶅姟銆?

鍦ㄨ璁轟簡 BootLoader 鐨勪笂榪版蹇靛悗錛屼笅闈㈡垜浠潵鍏蜂綋鐪嬬湅 BootLoader 鐨勫簲璇ュ畬鎴愬摢浜涗換鍔°?

涓夈丅oot Loader 鐨勪富瑕佷換鍔′笌鍏稿瀷緇撴瀯妗嗘灦

鍦ㄧ戶緇湰鑺傜殑璁ㄨ涔嬪墠錛岄鍏堟垜浠仛涓涓亣瀹氾紝閭ｅ氨鏄細(xì)鍋囧畾鍐呮牳鏄犲儚涓庢牴鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄犲儚閮借鍔犺澆鍒?RAM 涓繍琛屻備箣鎵浠ユ彁鍑鴻繖鏍蜂竴涓亣璁懼墠鎻愭槸鍥犱負(fù)錛屽湪宓屽叆寮忕郴緇熶腑鍐呮牳鏄犲儚涓庢牴鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄犲儚涔熷彲浠ョ洿鎺ュ湪 ROM 鎴?Flash 榪欐牱鐨勫浐鎬佸瓨鍌ㄨ澶囦腑鐩存帴榪愯銆備絾榪欑鍋氭硶鏃犵枒鏄互榪愯閫熷害鐨勭壓鐗蹭負(fù)浠ｄ環(huán)鐨勩?

浠庢搷浣滅郴緇熺殑瑙掑害鐪嬶紝Boot Loader 鐨勬葷洰鏍囧氨鏄紜湴璋冪敤鍐呮牳鏉ユ墽琛屻?

鍙﹀錛岀敱浜?Boot Loader 鐨勫疄鐜頒緷璧栦簬 CPU 鐨勪綋緋葷粨鏋勶紝鍥犳澶у鏁?Boot Loader 閮藉垎涓?stage1 鍜?stage2 涓ゅぇ閮ㄥ垎銆備緷璧栦簬 CPU 浣撶郴緇撴瀯鐨勪唬鐮侊紝姣斿璁懼鍒濆鍖栦唬鐮佺瓑錛岄氬父閮芥斁鍦?stage1 涓紝鑰屼笖閫氬父閮界敤姹囩紪璇█鏉ュ疄鐜幫紝浠ヨ揪鍒扮煭灝忕簿鎮(zhèn)嶇殑鐩殑銆傝?stage2 鍒欓氬父鐢–璇█鏉ュ疄鐜幫紝榪欐牱鍙互瀹炵幇緇欏鏉傜殑鍔熻兘錛岃屼笖浠ｇ爜浼?xì)鍏锋湁鏇村ソ鐨勫彲璇绘у拰鍙Щ妞嶆с?

Boot Loader 鐨?stage1 閫氬父鍖呮嫭浠ヤ笅姝ラ(浠ユ墽琛岀殑鍏堝悗欏哄簭)錛?
  • 紜歡璁懼鍒濆鍖栥?/font>
  • 涓哄姞杞?Boot Loader 鐨?stage2 鍑嗗 RAM 絀洪棿銆?/font>
  • 鎷瘋礉 Boot Loader 鐨?stage2 鍒?RAM 絀洪棿涓?/font>
  • 璁劇疆濂藉爢鏍堛?/font>
  • 璺寵漿鍒?stage2 鐨?C 鍏ュ彛鐐廣?/font>

Boot Loader 鐨?stage2 閫氬父鍖呮嫭浠ヤ笅姝ラ(浠ユ墽琛岀殑鍏堝悗欏哄簭)錛?
  • 鍒濆鍖栨湰闃舵瑕佷嬌鐢ㄥ埌鐨勭‖浠惰澶囥?/font>
  • 媯嫻嬬郴緇熷唴瀛樻槧灝?memory map)銆?/font>
  • 灝?kernel 鏄犲儚鍜屾牴鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄犲儚浠?flash 涓婅鍒?RAM 絀洪棿涓?/font>
  • 涓哄唴鏍歌緗惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁般?/font>
  • 璋冪敤鍐呮牳銆?/font>

3.1 Boot Loader 鐨?stage1

3.1.1 鍩烘湰鐨勭‖浠跺垵濮嬪寲

榪欐槸 Boot Loader 涓寮濮嬪氨鎵ц鐨勬搷浣滐紝鍏剁洰鐨勬槸涓?stage2 鐨勬墽琛屼互鍙?qiáng)闅忓悗鐨?kernel 鐨勬墽琛屽噯澶囧ソ涓浜涘熀鏈殑紜歡鐜銆傚畠閫氬父鍖呮嫭浠ヤ笅姝ラ錛堜互鎵ц鐨勫厛鍚庨『搴忥級錛?
  • 灞忚斀鎵鏈夌殑涓柇銆備負(fù)涓柇鎻愪緵鏈嶅姟閫氬父鏄?OS 璁懼椹卞姩紼嬪簭鐨勮矗浠伙紝鍥犳鍦?Boot Loader 鐨勬墽琛屽叏榪囩▼涓彲浠ヤ笉蹇呭搷搴斾換浣曚腑鏂備腑鏂睆钄藉彲浠ラ氳繃鍐?CPU 鐨勪腑鏂睆钄藉瘎瀛樺櫒鎴栫姸鎬佸瘎瀛樺櫒錛堟瘮濡?ARM 鐨?CPSR 瀵勫瓨鍣級鏉ュ畬鎴愩?
  • 璁劇疆 CPU 鐨勯熷害鍜屾椂閽熼鐜囥?
  • RAM 鍒濆鍖栥傚寘鎷紜湴璁劇疆緋葷粺鐨勫唴瀛樻帶鍒跺櫒鐨勫姛鑳藉瘎瀛樺櫒浠ュ強(qiáng)鍚勫唴瀛樺簱鎺у埗瀵勫瓨鍣ㄧ瓑銆?
  • 鍒濆鍖?LED銆傚吀鍨嬪湴錛岄氳繃 GPIO 鏉ラ┍鍔?LED錛屽叾鐩殑鏄〃鏄庣郴緇熺殑鐘舵佹槸 OK 榪樻槸 Error銆傚鏋滄澘瀛愪笂娌℃湁 LED錛岄偅涔堜篃鍙互閫氳繃鍒濆鍖?UART 鍚戜覆鍙ｆ墦鍗?Boot Loader 鐨?Logo 瀛楃淇℃伅鏉ュ畬鎴愯繖涓鐐廣?
  • 鍏抽棴 CPU 鍐呴儴鎸囦護(hù)錛忔暟鎹?cache銆?

3.1.2 涓哄姞杞?stage2 鍑嗗 RAM 絀洪棿

涓轟簡鑾峰緱鏇村揩鐨勬墽琛岄熷害錛岄氬父鎶?stage2 鍔犺澆鍒?RAM 絀洪棿涓潵鎵ц錛屽洜姝ゅ繀欏諱負(fù)鍔犺澆 Boot Loader 鐨?stage2 鍑嗗濂戒竴孌靛彲鐢ㄧ殑 RAM 絀洪棿鑼冨洿銆?

鐢變簬 stage2 閫氬父鏄?C 璇█鎵ц浠ｇ爜錛屽洜姝ゅ湪鑰冭檻絀洪棿澶у皬鏃訛紝闄や簡 stage2 鍙墽琛屾槧璞＄殑澶у皬澶栵紝榪樺繀欏繪妸鍫嗘爤絀洪棿涔熻冭檻榪涙潵銆傛澶栵紝絀洪棿澶у皬鏈濂芥槸 memory page 澶у皬(閫氬父鏄?4KB)鐨勫嶆暟銆備竴鑸岃█錛?M 鐨?RAM 絀洪棿宸茬粡瓚沖浜嗐傚叿浣撶殑鍦板潃鑼冨洿鍙互浠繪剰瀹夋帓錛屾瘮濡?blob 灝卞皢瀹冪殑 stage2 鍙墽琛屾槧鍍忓畨鎺掑埌浠庣郴緇?RAM 璧峰鍦板潃 0xc0200000 寮濮嬬殑 1M 絀洪棿鍐呮墽琛屻備絾鏄紝灝?stage2 瀹夋帓鍒版暣涓?RAM 絀洪棿鐨勬渶欏?1MB(涔熷嵆(RamEnd-1MB) - RamEnd)鏄竴縐嶅煎緱鎺ㄨ崘鐨勬柟娉曘?

涓轟簡鍚庨潰鐨勫彊榪版柟渚匡紝榪欓噷鎶婃墍瀹夋帓鐨?RAM 絀洪棿鑼冨洿鐨勫ぇ灝忚涓猴細(xì)stage2_size(瀛楄妭)錛屾妸璧峰鍦板潃鍜岀粓姝㈠湴鍧鍒嗗埆璁頒負(fù)錛歴tage2_start 鍜?stage2_end(榪欎袱涓湴鍧鍧囦互 4 瀛楄妭杈圭晫瀵歸綈)銆傚洜姝わ細(xì)

stage2_end錛漵tage2_start錛媠tage2_size

鍙﹀錛岃繕蹇呴』紜繚鎵瀹夋帓鐨勫湴鍧鑼冨洿鐨勭殑紜‘鏄彲璇誨啓鐨?RAM 絀洪棿錛屽洜姝わ紝蹇呴』瀵逛綘鎵瀹夋帓鐨勫湴鍧鑼冨洿榪涜嫻嬭瘯銆傚叿浣撶殑嫻嬭瘯鏂規(guī)硶鍙互閲囩敤綾諱技浜?blob 鐨勬柟娉曪紝涔熷嵆錛氫互 memory page 涓鴻嫻嬭瘯鍗曚綅錛屾祴璇曟瘡涓?memory page 寮濮嬬殑涓や釜瀛楁槸鍚︽槸鍙鍐欑殑銆備負(fù)浜嗗悗闈㈠彊榪扮殑鏂逛究錛屾垜浠榪欎釜媯嫻嬬畻娉曚負(fù)錛歵est_mempage錛屽叾鍏蜂綋姝ラ濡備笅錛?

1錛?鍏堜繚瀛?memory page 涓寮濮嬩袱涓瓧鐨勫唴瀹廣?
2錛?鍚戣繖涓や釜瀛椾腑鍐欏叆浠繪剰鐨勬暟瀛椼傛瘮濡傦細(xì)鍚戠涓涓瓧鍐欏叆 0x55錛岀 2 涓瓧鍐欏叆 0xaa銆?
3錛?鐒跺悗錛岀珛鍗沖皢榪欎袱涓瓧鐨勫唴瀹硅鍥炪傛樉鐒訛紝鎴戜滑璇誨埌鐨勫唴瀹瑰簲璇ュ垎鍒槸 0x55 鍜?0xaa銆傚鏋滀笉鏄紝鍒欒鏄庤繖涓?memory page 鎵鍗犳嵁鐨勫湴鍧鑼冨洿涓嶆槸涓孌墊湁鏁堢殑 RAM 絀洪棿銆?
4錛?鍐嶅悜榪欎袱涓瓧涓啓鍏ヤ換鎰忕殑鏁板瓧銆傛瘮濡傦細(xì)鍚戠涓涓瓧鍐欏叆 0xaa錛岀 2 涓瓧涓啓鍏?0x55銆?
5錛?鐒跺悗錛岀珛鍗沖皢榪欎袱涓瓧鐨勫唴瀹圭珛鍗寵鍥炪傛樉鐒訛紝鎴戜滑璇誨埌鐨勫唴瀹瑰簲璇ュ垎鍒槸 0xaa 鍜?0x55銆傚鏋滀笉鏄紝鍒欒鏄庤繖涓?memory page 鎵鍗犳嵁鐨勫湴鍧鑼冨洿涓嶆槸涓孌墊湁鏁堢殑 RAM 絀洪棿銆?
6錛?鎭㈠榪欎袱涓瓧鐨勫師濮嬪唴瀹廣傛祴璇曞畬姣曘?

涓轟簡寰楀埌涓孌靛共鍑鐨?RAM 絀洪棿鑼冨洿錛屾垜浠篃鍙互灝嗘墍瀹夋帓鐨?RAM 絀洪棿鑼冨洿榪涜娓呴浂鎿嶄綔銆?

3.1.3 鎷瘋礉 stage2 鍒?RAM 涓?/strong>

鎷瘋礉鏃惰紜畾涓ょ偣錛?1) stage2 鐨勫彲鎵ц鏄犺薄鍦ㄥ浐鎬佸瓨鍌ㄨ澶囩殑瀛樻斁璧峰鍦板潃鍜岀粓姝㈠湴鍧錛?2) RAM 絀洪棿鐨勮搗濮嬪湴鍧銆?

3.1.4 璁劇疆鍫嗘爤鎸囬拡 sp

鍫嗘爤鎸囬拡鐨勮緗槸涓轟簡鎵ц C 璇█浠ｇ爜浣滃ソ鍑嗗銆傞氬父鎴戜滑鍙互鎶?sp 鐨勫艱緗負(fù)(stage2_end-4)錛屼篃鍗沖湪 3.1.2 鑺傛墍瀹夋帓鐨勯偅涓?1MB 鐨?RAM 絀洪棿鐨勬渶欏剁(鍫嗘爤鍚戜笅鐢熼暱)銆?

姝ゅ錛屽湪璁劇疆鍫嗘爤鎸囬拡 sp 涔嬪墠錛屼篃鍙互鍏抽棴 led 鐏紝浠ユ彁紺虹敤鎴鋒垜浠噯澶囪煩杞埌 stage2銆?
緇忚繃涓婅堪榪欎簺鎵ц姝ラ鍚庯紝緋葷粺鐨勭墿鐞嗗唴瀛樺竷灞搴旇濡備笅鍥?鎵紺恒?

3.1.5 璺寵漿鍒?stage2 鐨?C 鍏ュ彛鐐?/strong>

鍦ㄤ笂榪頒竴鍒囬兘灝辯華鍚庯紝灝卞彲浠ヨ煩杞埌 Boot Loader 鐨?stage2 鍘繪墽琛屼簡銆傛瘮濡傦紝鍦?ARM 緋葷粺涓紝榪欏彲浠ラ氳繃淇敼 PC 瀵勫瓨鍣ㄤ負(fù)鍚堥傜殑鍦板潃鏉ュ疄鐜般?

鍥? bootloader 鐨?stage2 鍙墽琛屾槧璞″垰琚嫹璐濆埌 RAM 絀洪棿鏃剁殑緋葷粺鍐呭瓨甯冨眬

http://linux.chinaunix.net/mirror/www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-btloader/images/image002.gif



3.2 Boot Loader 鐨?stage2

姝ｅ鍓嶉潰鎵璇達(dá)紝stage2 鐨勪唬鐮侀氬父鐢?C 璇█鏉ュ疄鐜幫紝浠ヤ究浜庡疄鐜版洿澶嶆潅鐨勫姛鑳藉拰鍙栧緱鏇村ソ鐨勪唬鐮佸彲璇繪у拰鍙Щ妞嶆с備絾鏄笌鏅?C 璇█搴旂敤紼嬪簭涓嶅悓鐨勬槸錛屽湪緙栬瘧鍜岄摼鎺?boot loader 榪欐牱鐨勭▼搴忔椂錛屾垜浠笉鑳戒嬌鐢?glibc 搴撲腑鐨勪換浣曟敮鎸佸嚱鏁般傚叾鍘熷洜鏄樉鑰屾槗瑙佺殑銆傝繖灝辯粰鎴戜滑甯︽潵涓涓棶棰橈紝閭ｅ氨鏄粠閭ｉ噷璺寵漿榪?main() 鍑芥暟鍛紵鐩存帴鎶?main() 鍑芥暟鐨勮搗濮嬪湴鍧浣滀負(fù)鏁翠釜 stage2 鎵ц鏄犲儚鐨勫叆鍙ｇ偣鎴栬鏄渶鐩存帴鐨勬兂娉曘備絾鏄繖鏍峰仛鏈変袱涓己鐐癸細(xì)1)鏃犳硶閫氳繃main() 鍑芥暟浼犻掑嚱鏁板弬鏁幫紱2)鏃犳硶澶勭悊 main() 鍑芥暟榪斿洖鐨勬儏鍐點(diǎn)備竴縐嶆洿涓哄閥濡欑殑鏂規(guī)硶鏄埄鐢?trampoline(寮圭哀搴?鐨勬蹇點(diǎn)備篃鍗籌紝鐢ㄦ眹緙栬璦鍐欎竴孌祎rampoline 灝忕▼搴忥紝騫跺皢榪欐 trampoline 灝忕▼搴忔潵浣滀負(fù) stage2 鍙墽琛屾槧璞＄殑鎵ц鍏ュ彛鐐廣傜劧鍚庢垜浠彲浠ュ湪 trampoline 姹囩紪灝忕▼搴忎腑鐢?CPU 璺寵漿鎸囦護(hù)璺沖叆 main() 鍑芥暟涓幓鎵ц錛涜屽綋 main() 鍑芥暟榪斿洖鏃訛紝CPU 鎵ц璺緞鏄劇劧鍐嶆鍥炲埌鎴戜滑鐨?trampoline 紼嬪簭銆傜畝鑰岃█涔嬶紝榪欑鏂規(guī)硶鐨勬濇兂灝辨槸錛氱敤榪欐 trampoline 灝忕▼搴忔潵浣滀負(fù) main() 鍑芥暟鐨勫閮ㄥ寘瑁?external wrapper)銆?

涓嬮潰緇欏嚭涓涓畝鍗曠殑 trampoline 紼嬪簭紺轟緥(鏉ヨ嚜blob)錛?

.text

.globl _trampoline
_trampoline:
        bl        main
        /* if main ever returns we just call it again */
        b        _trampoline

鍙互鐪嬪嚭錛屽綋 main() 鍑芥暟榪斿洖鍚庯紝鎴戜滑鍙堢敤涓鏉¤煩杞寚浠ら噸鏂版墽琛?trampoline 紼嬪簭鈥曗曞綋鐒朵篃灝遍噸鏂版墽琛?main() 鍑芥暟錛岃繖涔熷氨鏄?trampoline(寮圭哀搴?涓璇嶇殑鎰忔濇墍鍦ㄣ?

3.2.1鍒濆鍖栨湰闃舵瑕佷嬌鐢ㄥ埌鐨勭‖浠惰澶?/strong>

榪欓氬父鍖呮嫭錛氾紙1錛夊垵濮嬪寲鑷沖皯涓涓覆鍙ｏ紝浠ヤ究鍜岀粓绔敤鎴瘋繘琛?I/O 杈撳嚭淇℃伅錛涳紙2錛夊垵濮嬪寲璁℃椂鍣ㄧ瓑銆?
鍦ㄥ垵濮嬪寲榪欎簺璁懼涔嬪墠錛屼篃鍙互閲嶆柊鎶?LED 鐏偣浜紝浠ヨ〃鏄庢垜浠凡緇忚繘鍏?main() 鍑芥暟鎵ц銆?
璁懼鍒濆鍖栧畬鎴愬悗錛屽彲浠ヨ緭鍑轟竴浜涙墦鍗頒俊鎭紝紼嬪簭鍚嶅瓧瀛楃涓層佺増鏈彿絳夈?

3.2.2 媯嫻嬬郴緇熺殑鍐呭瓨鏄犲皠錛坢emory map錛?/strong>

鎵璋撳唴瀛樻槧灝勫氨鏄寚鍦ㄦ暣涓?4GB 鐗╃悊鍦板潃絀洪棿涓湁鍝簺鍦板潃鑼冨洿琚垎閰嶇敤鏉ュ鍧緋葷粺鐨?RAM 鍗曞厓銆傛瘮濡傦紝鍦?SA-1100 CPU 涓紝浠?0xC000,0000 寮濮嬬殑 512M 鍦板潃絀洪棿琚敤浣滅郴緇熺殑 RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿錛岃屽湪 Samsung S3C44B0X CPU 涓紝浠?0x0c00,0000 鍒?0x1000,0000 涔嬮棿鐨?64M 鍦板潃絀洪棿琚敤浣滅郴緇熺殑 RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿銆傝櫧鐒?CPU 閫氬父棰勭暀鍑轟竴澶ф瓚沖鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿緇欑郴緇?RAM錛屼絾鏄湪鎼緩鍏蜂綋鐨勫祵鍏ュ紡緋葷粺鏃跺嵈涓嶄竴瀹氫細(xì)瀹炵幇 CPU 棰勭暀鐨勫叏閮?RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿銆備篃灝辨槸璇達(dá)紝鍏蜂綋鐨勫祵鍏ュ紡緋葷粺寰寰鍙妸 CPU 棰勭暀鐨勫叏閮?RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿涓殑涓閮ㄥ垎鏄犲皠鍒?RAM 鍗曞厓涓婏紝鑰岃鍓╀笅鐨勯偅閮ㄥ垎棰勭暀 RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿澶勪簬鏈嬌鐢ㄧ姸鎬併?鐢變簬涓婅堪榪欎釜浜嬪疄錛屽洜姝?Boot Loader 鐨?stage2 蹇呴』鍦ㄥ畠鎯沖共鐐逛粈涔?(姣斿錛屽皢瀛樺偍鍦?flash 涓婄殑鍐呮牳鏄犲儚璇誨埌 RAM 絀洪棿涓? 涔嬪墠媯嫻嬫暣涓郴緇熺殑鍐呭瓨鏄犲皠鎯呭喌錛屼篃鍗沖畠蹇呴』鐭ラ亾 CPU 棰勭暀鐨勫叏閮?RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿涓殑鍝簺琚湡姝ｆ槧灝勫埌 RAM 鍦板潃鍗曞厓錛屽摢浜涙槸澶勪簬 "unused" 鐘舵佺殑銆?/strong>

(1) 鍐呭瓨鏄犲皠鐨勬弿榪?/strong>

鍙互鐢ㄥ涓嬫暟鎹粨鏋勬潵鎻忚堪 RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿涓殑涓孌佃繛緇?continuous)鐨勫湴鍧鑼冨洿錛?br>

typedef struct memory_area_struct {
        u32 start; /* the base address of the memory region */
        u32 size; /* the byte number of the memory region */
        int used;
} memory_area_t;

榪欐 RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿涓殑榪炵畫鍦板潃鑼冨洿鍙互澶勪簬涓ょ鐘舵佷箣涓錛?1)used=1錛屽垯璇存槑榪欐榪炵畫鐨勫湴鍧鑼冨洿宸茶瀹炵幇錛屼篃鍗崇湡姝ｅ湴琚槧灝勫埌 RAM 鍗曞厓涓娿?2)used=0錛屽垯璇存槑榪欐榪炵畫鐨勫湴鍧鑼冨洿騫舵湭琚郴緇熸墍瀹炵幇錛岃屾槸澶勪簬鏈嬌鐢ㄧ姸鎬併?
鍩轟簬涓婅堪 memory_area_t 鏁版嵁緇撴瀯錛屾暣涓?CPU 棰勭暀鐨?RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿鍙互鐢ㄤ竴涓?memory_area_t 綾誨瀷鐨勬暟緇勬潵琛ㄧず錛屽涓嬫墍紺猴細(xì)


memory_area_t memory_map[NUM_MEM_AREAS] = {
        [0 ... (NUM_MEM_AREAS - 1)] = {
                .start = 0,
                .size = 0,
                .used = 0
        },
};

(2) 鍐呭瓨鏄犲皠鐨勬嫻?/strong>

涓嬮潰鎴戜滑緇欏嚭涓涓彲鐢ㄦ潵媯嫻嬫暣涓?RAM 鍦板潃絀洪棿鍐呭瓨鏄犲皠鎯呭喌鐨勭畝鍗曡屾湁鏁堢殑綆楁硶錛?br>


/* 鏁扮粍鍒濆鍖?*/
for(i = 0; i < NUM_MEM_AREAS; i++)
        memory_map.used = 0;

/* first write a 0 to all memory locations */
for(addr = MEM_START; addr < MEM_END; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
        * (u32 *)addr = 0;

for(i = 0, addr = MEM_START; addr < MEM_END; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
     /*
      * 媯嫻嬩粠鍩哄湴鍧 MEM_START+i*PAGE_SIZE 寮濮?澶у皬涓?br>* PAGE_SIZE 鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿鏄惁鏄湁鏁堢殑RAM鍦板潃絀洪棿銆?br>      */
     璋冪敤3.1.2鑺備腑鐨勭畻娉晅est_mempage()錛?br>     if ( current memory page isnot a valid ram page) {
                /* no RAM here */
                if(memory_map.used )
                        i++;
                continue;
        }
        
        /*
         * 褰撳墠欏靛凡緇忔槸涓涓鏄犲皠鍒?RAM 鐨勬湁鏁堝湴鍧鑼冨洿
         * 浣嗘槸榪樿鐪嬬湅褰撳墠欏墊槸鍚﹀彧鏄?4GB 鍦板潃絀洪棿涓煇涓湴鍧欏電殑鍒悕錛?br>         */
        if(* (u32 *)addr != 0) { /* alias? */
                /* 榪欎釜鍐呭瓨欏墊槸 4GB 鍦板潃絀洪棿涓煇涓湴鍧欏電殑鍒悕 */
                if ( memory_map.used )
                        i++;
                continue;
        }
        
        /*
         * 褰撳墠欏靛凡緇忔槸涓涓鏄犲皠鍒?RAM 鐨勬湁鏁堝湴鍧鑼冨洿
         * 鑰屼笖瀹冧篃涓嶆槸 4GB 鍦板潃絀洪棿涓煇涓湴鍧欏電殑鍒悕銆?br>         */
        if (memory_map.used == 0) {
                memory_map.start = addr;
                memory_map.size = PAGE_SIZE;
                memory_map.used = 1;
        } else {
                memory_map.size += PAGE_SIZE;
        }
} /* end of for (…) */

鍦ㄧ敤涓婅堪綆楁硶媯嫻嬪畬緋葷粺鐨勫唴瀛樻槧灝勬儏鍐靛悗錛孊oot Loader 涔熷彲浠ュ皢鍐呭瓨鏄犲皠鐨勮緇嗕俊鎭墦鍗板埌涓插彛銆?br>
3.2.3 鍔犺澆鍐呮牳鏄犲儚鍜屾牴鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄犲儚

(1) 瑙勫垝鍐呭瓨鍗犵敤鐨勫竷灞

榪欓噷鍖呮嫭涓や釜鏂歸潰錛?1)鍐呮牳鏄犲儚鎵鍗犵敤鐨勫唴瀛樿寖鍥達(dá)紱錛?錛夋牴鏂囦歡緋葷粺鎵鍗犵敤鐨勫唴瀛樿寖鍥淬傚湪瑙勫垝鍐呭瓨鍗犵敤鐨勫竷灞鏃訛紝涓昏鑰冭檻鍩哄湴鍧鍜屾槧鍍忕殑澶у皬涓や釜鏂歸潰銆?

瀵逛簬鍐呮牳鏄犲儚錛屼竴鑸皢鍏舵嫹璐濆埌浠?MEM_START錛?x8000) 榪欎釜鍩哄湴鍧寮濮嬬殑澶х害1MB澶у皬鐨勫唴瀛樿寖鍥村唴(宓屽叆寮?Linux 鐨勫唴鏍鎬竴鑸兘涓嶆搷榪?1MB)銆備負(fù)浠涔堣鎶婁粠 MEM_START 鍒?MEM_START錛?x8000 榪欐 32KB 澶у皬鐨勫唴瀛樼┖鍑烘潵鍛紵榪欐槸鍥犱負(fù) Linux 鍐呮牳瑕佸湪榪欐鍐呭瓨涓斁緗竴浜涘叏灞鏁版嵁緇撴瀯錛屽錛氬惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁板拰鍐呮牳欏佃〃絳変俊鎭?

鑰屽浜庢牴鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄犲儚錛屽垯涓鑸皢鍏舵嫹璐濆埌 MEM_START+0x0010,0000 寮濮嬬殑鍦版柟銆傚鏋滅敤 Ramdisk 浣滀負(fù)鏍規(guī)枃浠剁郴緇熸槧鍍忥紝鍒欏叾瑙ｅ帇鍚庣殑澶у皬涓鑸槸1MB銆?

錛?錛変粠 Flash 涓婃嫹璐?/strong>

鐢變簬鍍?ARM 榪欐牱鐨勫祵鍏ュ紡 CPU 閫氬父閮芥槸鍦ㄧ粺涓鐨勫唴瀛樺湴鍧絀洪棿涓鍧 Flash 絳夊浐鎬佸瓨鍌ㄨ澶囩殑錛屽洜姝や粠 Flash 涓婅鍙栨暟鎹笌浠?RAM 鍗曞厓涓鍙栨暟鎹茍娌℃湁浠涔堜笉鍚屻傜敤涓涓畝鍗曠殑寰幆灝卞彲浠ュ畬鎴愪粠 Flash 璁懼涓婃嫹璐濇槧鍍忕殑宸ヤ綔錛?
while(count) {
*dest++ = *src++; /* they are all aligned with word boundary */
count -= 4; /* byte number */
};

3.2.4 璁劇疆鍐呮牳鐨勫惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁?/strong>

搴旇璇達(dá)紝鍦ㄥ皢鍐呮牳鏄犲儚鍜屾牴鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄犲儚鎷瘋礉鍒?RAM 絀洪棿涓悗錛屽氨鍙互鍑嗗鍚姩 Linux 鍐呮牳浜嗐備絾鏄湪璋冪敤鍐呮牳涔嬪墠錛屽簲璇ヤ綔涓姝ュ噯澶囧伐浣滐紝鍗籌細(xì)璁劇疆 Linux 鍐呮牳鐨勫惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁般?

Linux 2.4.x 浠ュ悗鐨勫唴鏍擱兘鏈熸湜浠ユ爣璁板垪琛?tagged list)鐨勫艦寮忔潵浼犻掑惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁般傚惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁版爣璁板垪琛ㄤ互鏍囪 ATAG_CORE 寮濮嬶紝浠ユ爣璁?ATAG_NONE 緇撴潫銆傛瘡涓爣璁扮敱鏍囪瘑琚紶閫掑弬鏁扮殑 tag_header 緇撴瀯浠ュ強(qiáng)闅忓悗鐨勫弬鏁板兼暟鎹粨鏋勬潵緇勬垚銆傛暟鎹粨鏋?tag 鍜?tag_header 瀹氫箟鍦?Linux 鍐呮牳婧愮爜鐨刬nclude/asm/setup.h 澶存枃浠朵腑錛?

/* The list ends with an ATAG_NONE node. */
#define ATAG_NONE        0x00000000

struct tag_header {
        u32 size; /* 娉ㄦ剰錛岃繖閲宻ize鏄瓧鏁頒負(fù)鍗曚綅鐨?*/
        u32 tag;
};
……
struct tag {
        struct tag_header hdr;
        union {
                struct tag_core                core;
                struct tag_mem32        mem;
                struct tag_videotext        videotext;
                struct tag_ramdisk        ramdisk;
                struct tag_initrd        initrd;
                struct tag_serialnr        serialnr;
                struct tag_revision        revision;
                struct tag_videolfb        videolfb;
                struct tag_cmdline        cmdline;

                /*
                 * Acorn specific
                 */
                struct tag_acorn        acorn;

                /*
                 * DC21285 specific
                 */
                struct tag_memclk        memclk;
        } u;
};

鍦ㄥ祵鍏ュ紡 Linux 緋葷粺涓紝閫氬父闇瑕佺敱 Boot Loader 璁劇疆鐨勫父瑙佸惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁版湁錛欰TAG_CORE銆丄TAG_MEM銆丄TAG_CMDLINE銆丄TAG_RAMDISK銆丄TAG_INITRD絳夈?

姣斿錛岃緗?ATAG_CORE 鐨勪唬鐮佸涓嬶細(xì)



params = (struct tag *)BOOT_PARAMS;

        params->hdr.tag = ATAG_CORE;
        params->hdr.size = tag_size(tag_core);

        params->u.core.flags = 0;
        params->u.core.pagesize = 0;
        params->u.core.rootdev = 0;

        params = tag_next(params);

鍏朵腑錛孊OOT_PARAMS 琛ㄧず鍐呮牳鍚姩鍙傛暟鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹腑鐨勮搗濮嬪熀鍦板潃錛屾寚閽?params 鏄竴涓?struct tag 綾誨瀷鐨勬寚閽堛傚畯 tag_next() 灝嗕互鎸囧悜褰撳墠鏍囪鐨勬寚閽堜負(fù)鍙傛暟錛岃綆楃揣涓村綋鍓嶆爣璁扮殑涓嬩竴涓爣璁扮殑璧峰鍦板潃銆傛敞鎰忥紝鍐呮牳鐨勬牴鏂囦歡緋葷粺鎵鍦ㄧ殑璁懼ID灝辨槸鍦ㄨ繖閲岃緗殑銆?

涓嬮潰鏄緗唴瀛樻槧灝勬儏鍐電殑紺轟緥浠ｇ爜錛?


for(i = 0; i < NUM_MEM_AREAS; i++) {
                if(memory_map.used) {
                        params->hdr.tag = ATAG_MEM;
                        params->hdr.size = tag_size(tag_mem32);

                        params->u.mem.start = memory_map.start;
                        params->u.mem.size = memory_map.size;
                        
                        params = tag_next(params);
                }
}

鍙互鐪嬪嚭錛屽湪 memory_map錛伙冀鏁扮粍涓紝姣忎竴涓湁鏁堢殑鍐呭瓨孌甸兘瀵瑰簲涓涓?ATAG_MEM 鍙傛暟鏍囪銆?
Linux 鍐呮牳鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄦ椂鍙互浠ュ懡浠よ鍙傛暟鐨勫艦寮忔潵鎺ユ敹淇℃伅錛屽埄鐢ㄨ繖涓鐐規(guī)垜浠彲浠ュ悜鍐呮牳鎻愪緵閭ｄ簺鍐呮牳涓嶈兘鑷繁媯嫻嬬殑紜歡鍙傛暟淇℃伅錛屾垨鑰呴噸杞?override)鍐呮牳鑷繁媯嫻嬪埌鐨勪俊鎭傛瘮濡傦紝鎴戜滑鐢ㄨ繖鏍蜂竴涓懡浠よ鍙傛暟瀛楃涓?console=ttyS0,115200n8"鏉ラ氱煡鍐呮牳浠?ttyS0 浣滀負(fù)鎺у埗鍙幫紝涓斾覆鍙ｉ噰鐢?"115200bps銆佹棤濂囧伓鏍￠獙銆?浣嶆暟鎹綅"榪欐牱鐨勮緗備笅闈㈡槸涓孌佃緗皟鐢ㄥ唴鏍稿懡浠よ鍙傛暟瀛楃涓茬殑紺轟緥浠ｇ爜錛?

char *p;

        /* eat leading white space */
        for(p = commandline; *p == ' '; p++)
                ;

        /* skip non-existent command lines so the kernel will still
    * use its default command line.
         */
        if(*p == '\0')
                return;

        params->hdr.tag = ATAG_CMDLINE;
        params->hdr.size = (sizeof(struct tag_header) + strlen(p) + 1 + 4) >> 2;

        strcpy(params->u.cmdline.cmdline, p);

        params = tag_next(params);

璇鋒敞鎰忓湪涓婅堪浠ｇ爜涓紝璁劇疆 tag_header 鐨勫ぇ灝忔椂錛屽繀欏誨寘鎷瓧絎︿覆鐨勭粓姝㈢'\0'錛屾澶栬繕瑕佸皢瀛楄妭鏁板悜涓婂渾鏁?涓瓧鑺傦紝鍥犱負(fù) tag_header 緇撴瀯涓殑size 鎴愬憳琛ㄧず鐨勬槸瀛楁暟銆?

涓嬮潰鏄緗?ATAG_INITRD 鐨勭ず渚嬩唬鐮侊紝瀹冨憡璇夊唴鏍稿湪 RAM 涓殑浠涔堝湴鏂瑰彲浠ユ壘鍒?initrd 鏄犺薄(鍘嬬緝鏍煎紡)浠ュ強(qiáng)瀹冪殑澶у皬錛?
  params->hdr.tag = ATAG_INITRD2;
params->hdr.size = tag_size(tag_initrd);

params->u.initrd.start = RAMDISK_RAM_BASE;
params->u.initrd.size = INITRD_LEN;

params = tag_next(params);

涓嬮潰鏄緗?ATAG_RAMDISK 鐨勭ず渚嬩唬鐮侊紝瀹冨憡璇夊唴鏍歌В鍘嬪悗鐨?Ramdisk 鏈夊澶э紙鍗曚綅鏄疜B錛夛細(xì)


params->hdr.tag = ATAG_RAMDISK;
params->hdr.size = tag_size(tag_ramdisk);
        
params->u.ramdisk.start = 0;
params->u.ramdisk.size = RAMDISK_SIZE; /* 璇鋒敞鎰忥紝鍗曚綅鏄疜B */
params->u.ramdisk.flags = 1; /* automatically load ramdisk */
        
params = tag_next(params);

鏈鍚庯紝璁劇疆 ATAG_NONE 鏍囪錛岀粨鏉熸暣涓惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁板垪琛細(xì)


static void setup_end_tag(void)
{
        params->hdr.tag = ATAG_NONE;
        params->hdr.size = 0;
}

3.2.5 璋冪敤鍐呮牳

Boot Loader 璋冪敤 Linux 鍐呮牳鐨勬柟娉曟槸鐩存帴璺寵漿鍒板唴鏍哥殑絎竴鏉℃寚浠ゅ錛屼篃鍗崇洿鎺ヨ煩杞埌 MEM_START錛?x8000 鍦板潃澶勩傚湪璺寵漿鏃訛紝涓嬪垪鏉′歡瑕佹弧瓚籌細(xì)

1錛?CPU 瀵勫瓨鍣ㄧ殑璁劇疆錛?
  • R0錛?錛?/font>
  • R1錛濇満鍣ㄧ被鍨?ID錛涘叧浜?Machine Type Number錛屽彲浠ュ弬瑙?linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types銆?/strong>
  • R2錛濆惎鍔ㄥ弬鏁版爣璁板垪琛ㄥ湪 RAM 涓搗濮嬪熀鍦板潃錛?/font>

2錛?CPU 妯″紡錛?
  • 蹇呴』紱佹涓柇錛圛RQs鍜孎IQs錛夛紱
  • CPU 蹇呴』 SVC 妯″紡錛?/font>

3錛?Cache 鍜?MMU 鐨勮緗細(xì)
  • MMU 蹇呴』鍏抽棴錛?/font>
  • 鎸囦護(hù) Cache 鍙互鎵撳紑涔熷彲浠ュ叧闂紱
  • 鏁版嵁 Cache 蹇呴』鍏抽棴錛?/font>

濡傛灉鐢?C 璇█錛屽彲浠ュ儚涓嬪垪紺轟緥浠ｇ爜榪欐牱鏉ヨ皟鐢ㄥ唴鏍革細(xì)



void (*theKernel)(int zero, int arch, u32 params_addr) = (void (*)(int, int, u32))KERNEL_RAM_BASE;
……
theKernel(0, ARCH_NUMBER, (u32) kernel_params_start);

娉ㄦ剰錛宼heKernel()鍑芥暟璋冪敤搴旇姘歌繙涓嶈繑鍥炵殑銆傚鏋滆繖涓皟鐢ㄨ繑鍥烇紝鍒欒鏄庡嚭閿欍?

鍥涖佸叧浜庝覆鍙ｇ粓绔?br>
鍦?boot loader 紼嬪簭鐨勮璁′笌瀹炵幇涓紝娌℃湁浠涔堣兘澶熸瘮浠庝覆鍙ｇ粓绔紜湴鏀跺埌鎵撳嵃淇℃伅鑳芥洿浠や漢嬋鍔ㄤ簡銆傛澶栵紝鍚戜覆鍙ｇ粓绔墦鍗頒俊鎭篃鏄竴涓潪甯擱噸瑕佽屽張鏈夋晥鐨勮皟璇曟墜孌點(diǎn)備絾鏄紝鎴戜滑緇忓父浼?xì)纰板堫C覆鍙ｇ粓绔樉紺轟貢鐮佹垨鏍規(guī)湰娌℃湁鏄劇ず鐨勯棶棰樸傞犳垚榪欎釜闂涓昏鏈変袱縐嶅師鍥狅細(xì)(1) boot loader 瀵逛覆鍙ｇ殑鍒濆鍖栬緗笉姝ｇ‘銆?2) 榪愯鍦?host 绔殑緇堢浠跨湡紼嬪簭瀵逛覆鍙ｇ殑璁劇疆涓嶆紜紝榪欏寘鎷細(xì)娉㈢壒鐜囥佸鍋舵牎楠屻佹暟鎹綅鍜屽仠姝綅絳夋柟闈㈢殑璁劇疆銆?

姝ゅ錛屾湁鏃朵篃浼?xì)纰板埌杩欐狅L(fēng)殑闂錛岄偅灝辨槸錛氬湪 boot loader 鐨勮繍琛岃繃紼嬩腑鎴戜滑鍙互姝ｇ‘鍦板悜涓插彛緇堢杈撳嚭淇℃伅錛屼絾褰?boot loader 鍚姩鍐呮牳鍚庡嵈鏃犳硶鐪嬪埌鍐呮牳鐨勫惎鍔ㄨ緭鍑轟俊鎭傚榪欎竴闂鐨勫師鍥犲彲浠ヤ粠浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜鏂歸潰鏉ヨ冭檻錛?

(1) 棣栧厛璇風(fēng)‘璁や綘鐨勫唴鏍稿湪緙栬瘧鏃墮厤緗簡瀵逛覆鍙ｇ粓绔殑鏀寔錛屽茍閰嶇疆浜嗘紜殑涓插彛椹卞姩紼嬪簭銆?
(2) 浣犵殑 boot loader 瀵逛覆鍙ｇ殑鍒濆鍖栬緗彲鑳戒細(xì)鍜屽唴鏍稿涓插彛鐨勫垵濮嬪寲璁劇疆涓嶄竴鑷淬傛澶栵紝瀵逛簬璇稿 s3c44b0x 榪欐牱鐨?CPU錛孋PU 鏃墮挓棰戠巼鐨勮緗篃浼?xì)濯勫搷涓插彛锛屽洜姝ゅ鏋?boot loader 鍜屽唴鏍稿鍏?CPU 鏃墮挓棰戠巼鐨勮緗笉涓鑷達(dá)紝涔熶細(xì)浣夸覆鍙ｇ粓绔棤娉曟紜樉紺轟俊鎭?
(3) 鏈鍚庯紝榪樿紜 boot loader 鎵鐢ㄧ殑鍐呮牳鍩哄湴鍧蹇呴』鍜屽唴鏍告槧鍍忓湪緙栬瘧鏃舵墍鐢ㄧ殑榪愯鍩哄湴鍧涓鑷達(dá)紝灝ゅ叾鏄浜?uClinux 鑰岃█銆傚亣璁句綘鐨勫唴鏍告槧鍍忓湪緙栬瘧鏃剁敤鐨勫熀鍦板潃鏄?0xc0008000錛屼絾浣犵殑 boot loader 鍗村皢瀹冨姞杞藉埌 0xc0010000 澶勫幓鎵ц錛岄偅涔堝唴鏍告槧鍍忓綋鐒朵笉鑳芥紜湴鎵ц浜嗐?

浜斻佺粨鏉熻

Boot Loader 鐨勮璁′笌瀹炵幇鏄竴涓潪甯稿鏉傜殑榪囩▼銆傚鏋滀笉鑳戒粠涓插彛鏀跺埌閭ｆ縺鍔ㄤ漢蹇冪殑"uncompressing linux.................. done, booting the kernel……"鍐呮牳鍚姩淇℃伅錛屾亹鎬曡皝涔熶笉鑳借錛?鍡紝鎴戠殑 boot loader 宸茬粡鎴愬姛鍦拌漿璧鋒潵浜嗭紒"銆?/font>


jay 2008-11-13 00:09 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>uClinux緋葷粺綆浠?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/yishanhante/articles/65692.html</link><dc:creator>jay</dc:creator><author>jay</author><pubDate>Sat, 01 Nov 2008 06:28:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/yishanhante/articles/65692.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/yishanhante/comments/65692.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/yishanhante/articles/65692.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/yishanhante/comments/commentRss/65692.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/yishanhante/services/trackbacks/65692.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<span style="font-family: simsun; ">欏圭洰涓婚〉: <a target="_blank">http://www.uclinux.org/</a></span> <div><span style="font-family: simsun; "><p><strong>綆浠?/strong><br>Linux鏄竴縐嶅緢鍙楁榪庣殑鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛屽畠涓嶶NIX緋葷粺鍏煎錛屽紑鏀炬簮浠ｇ爜銆傚畠鍘熸湰琚璁′負(fù)妗岄潰緋葷粺錛岀幇鍦ㄥ箍娉涘簲鐢ㄤ簬鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ鍩熴傝屾洿澶х殑褰卞搷鍦ㄤ簬瀹冩閫愭笎鐨勫簲鐢ㄤ簬宓屽叆寮忚澶囥倁Clinux姝ｆ槸鍦ㄨ繖縐嶆皼鍥翠笅浜х敓鐨勩傚湪uClinux榪欎釜鑻辨枃鍗曡瘝涓璾琛ㄧずMicro錛屽皬鐨勬剰鎬濓紝C琛ㄧずControl錛屾帶鍒剁殑鎰忔濓紝鎵浠Clinux灝辨槸Micro-Control-Linux錛屽瓧闈笂鐨勭悊瑙ｅ氨鏄?閽堝寰帶鍒墮鍩熻岃璁＄殑Linux緋葷粺"銆?br><br><strong>uClinux灝忓瀷鍖栫殑鍋氭硶</strong><br><br><strong>鏍囧噯Linux鍙兘閲囩敤鐨勫皬鍨嬪寲鏂規(guī)硶</strong><br>1. 閲嶆柊緙栬瘧鍐呮牳<br>Linux鍐呮牳閲囩敤妯″潡鍖栫殑璁捐錛屽嵆寰堝鍔熻兘鍧楀彲浠ョ嫭绔嬬殑鍔犱笂鎴栧嵏涓嬶紝寮鍙戜漢鍛樺湪璁捐鍐呮牳鏃舵妸榪欎簺鍐呮牳妯″潡浣滀負(fù)鍙夌殑閫夐」錛屽彲浠ュ湪緙栬瘧緋葷粺鍐呮牳鏃舵寚瀹氥傚洜姝や竴縐嶈緝閫氱敤鐨勫仛娉曟槸瀵筁inux鍐呮牳閲嶆柊緙栬瘧錛屽湪緙栬瘧鏃朵粩緇嗙殑閫夋嫨宓屽叆寮忚澶囨墍闇瑕佺殑鍔熻兘鏀寔妯″潡錛屽悓鏃跺垹闄や笉闇瑕佺殑鍔熻兘銆傞氳繃瀵瑰唴鏍哥殑閲嶆柊閰嶇疆錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌緋葷粺榪愯鎵闇瑕佺殑鍐呮牳鏄捐憲鍑忓皬錛屼粠鑰岀緝鍑忚祫婧愪嬌鐢ㄩ噺銆?br>2. 鍒朵綔root鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄犺薄<br>Linux緋葷粺鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄦ椂蹇呴』鍔犺澆鏍癸紙root錛夋枃浠剁郴緇燂紝鍥犳鍓緋葷粺鍚屾椂鍖呮嫭root file system鐨勫壀瑁併傚湪x86緋葷粺涓嬶紝Linux鍙互鍦―os涓嬶紝浣跨敤Loadlin鏂囦歡鍔犺澆鍚姩錛?br><strong>uClinux閲囩敤鐨勫皬鍨嬪寲鏂規(guī)硶</strong><br>1錛巙Clinux鐨勫唴鏍稿姞杞芥柟寮?br>uClinux鐨勫唴鏍告湁涓ょ鍙夌殑榪愯鏂瑰紡錛氬彲浠ュ湪flash涓婄洿鎺ヨ繍琛岋紝涔熷彲浠ュ姞杞藉埌鍐呭瓨涓繍琛屻傝繖縐嶅仛娉曞彲浠ュ噺灝戝唴瀛橀渶瑕併?br>Flash榪愯鏂瑰紡錛氭妸鍐呮牳鐨勫彲鎵ц鏄犺薄鐑у啓鍒癴lash涓婏紝緋葷粺鍚姩鏃朵粠flash鐨勬煇涓湴鍧寮濮嬮愬彞鎵ц銆傝繖縐嶆柟娉曞疄闄呬笂鏄緢澶氬祵鍏ュ紡緋葷粺閲囩敤鐨勬柟娉曘?br>鍐呮牳鍔犺澆鏂瑰紡錛氭妸鍐呮牳鐨勫帇緙╂枃浠跺瓨鏀懼湪flash涓婏紝緋葷粺鍚姩鏃惰鍙栧帇緙╂枃浠跺湪鍐呭瓨閲岃В鍘嬶紝鐒跺悗寮濮嬫墽琛岋紝榪欑鏂瑰紡鐩稿澶嶆潅涓浜涳紝浣嗘槸榪愯閫熷害鍙兘鏇村揩錛坮am鐨勫瓨鍙栭熺巼瑕佹瘮flash楂橈級銆傚悓鏃惰繖涔熸槸鏍囧噯Linux緋葷粺閲囩敤鐨勫惎鍔ㄦ柟寮忋?br>2錛巙Clinux鐨勬牴錛坮oot錛夋枃浠剁郴緇?br>uClinux緋葷粺閲囩敤romfs鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛岃繖縐嶆枃浠剁郴緇熺浉瀵逛簬涓鑸殑ext2鏂囦歡緋葷粺瑕佹眰鏇村皯鐨勭┖闂淬傜┖闂寸殑鑺傜害鏉ヨ嚜浜庝袱涓柟闈紝棣栧厛鍐呮牳鏀寔romfs鏂囦歡緋葷粺姣旀敮鎸乪xt2鏂囦歡緋葷粺闇瑕佹洿灝戠殑浠ｇ爜錛屽叾嬈omfs鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐩稿綆鍗曪紝鍦ㄥ緩绔嬫枃浠剁郴緇熻秴綰у潡錛坰uperblock錛夐渶瑕佹洿灝戠殑瀛樺偍絀洪棿銆俁omfs鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓嶆敮鎸佸姩鎬佹摝鍐欎繚瀛橈紝瀵逛簬緋葷粺闇瑕佸姩鎬佷繚瀛樼殑鏁版嵁閲囩敤铏氭嫙ram鐩樼殑鏂規(guī)硶榪涜澶勭悊錛坮am鐩樺皢閲囩敤ext2鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛夈?br>3錛巙Clinux鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓簱<br>uClinux灝忓瀷鍖栫殑鍙︿竴涓仛娉曟槸閲嶅啓浜嗗簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓簱錛岀浉瀵逛簬瓚婃潵瓚婂ぇ涓旇秺鏉ヨ秺鍏ㄧ殑glibc搴擄紝uClibc瀵筶ibc鍋氫簡綺劇畝銆?br>uClinux瀵圭敤鎴風(fēng)▼搴忛噰鐢ㄩ潤鎬佽繛鎺ョ殑褰㈠紡錛岃繖縐嶅仛娉曚細(xì)浣垮簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓彉澶э紝浣嗘槸鍩轟簬鍐呭瓨綆＄悊鐨勯棶棰橈紝涓嶅緱涓嶈繖鏍峰仛錛堣繖灝嗗湪涓嬫枃瀵箄Clinux鍐呭瓨綆＄悊灞曞紑鍒嗘瀽鏃惰繘琛岃鏄庯級錛屽悓鏃惰繖縐嶅仛娉曚篃鏇存帴榪戜簬閫氬父宓屽叆寮忕郴緇熺殑鍋氭硶銆?br><br><strong>uClinux鐨勫紑鍙戠幆澧?/strong><br><br><strong>GNU寮鍙戝浠?/strong><br>Gnu寮鍙戝浠朵綔涓洪氱敤鐨凩inux寮鏀懼浠訛紝鍖呮嫭涓緋誨垪鐨勫紑鍙戣皟璇曞伐鍏楓備富瑕佺粍浠訛細(xì)<br>Gcc錛?緙栬瘧鍣紝鍙互鍋氭垚浜ゅ弶緙栬瘧鐨勫艦寮忥紝鍗沖湪瀹夸富鏈轟笂寮鍙戠紪璇戠洰鏍囦笂鍙繍琛岀殑浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠躲?br>Binutils錛氫竴浜涜緟鍔╁伐鍏鳳紝鍖呮嫭objdump錛堝彲浠ュ弽緙栬瘧浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠訛級錛宎s錛堟眹緙栫紪璇戝櫒錛夛紝ld錛堣繛鎺ュ櫒錛夌瓑絳夈?br>Gdb錛氳皟璇曞櫒錛屽彲浣跨敤澶氱浜ゅ弶璋冭瘯鏂瑰紡錛実db-bdm錛堣儗鏅皟璇曞伐鍏鳳級錛実dbserver錛堜嬌鐢ㄤ互澶綉緇滆皟璇曪級銆?br>uClinux鐨勬墦鍗扮粓绔?br>閫氬父鎯呭喌涓嬶紝uClinux鐨勯粯璁ょ粓绔槸涓插彛錛屽唴鏍稿湪鍚姩鏃舵墍鏈夌殑淇℃伅閮芥墦鍗板埌涓插彛緇堢錛堜嬌鐢╬rintk鍑芥暟鎵撳嵃錛夛紝鍚屾椂涔熷彲浠ラ氳繃涓插彛緇堢涓庣郴緇熶氦浜掋?br>uClinux鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄦ椂鍚姩浜唗elnetd錛堣繙紼嬬櫥褰曟湇鍔★級錛屾搷浣滆呭彲浠ヨ繙紼嬬櫥褰曚笂緋葷粺錛屼粠鑰屾帶鍒剁郴緇熺殑榪愯銆傝嚦浜庢槸鍚﹀厑璁歌繙紼嬬櫥褰曞彲浠ラ氳繃鐑у啓romfs鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏃舵湁鐢ㄦ埛鍐沖畾鏄惁鍚姩榪滅▼鐧誨綍鏈嶅姟銆?br><strong>浜ゅ弶緙栬瘧璋冭瘯宸ュ叿</strong><br>鏀寔涓縐嶆柊鐨勫鐞嗗櫒錛屽繀欏誨叿澶囦竴浜涚紪璇戯紝姹囩紪宸ュ叿錛屼嬌鐢ㄨ繖浜涘伐鍏峰彲浠ュ艦鎴愬彲榪愯浜庤繖縐嶅鐞嗗櫒鐨勪簩榪涘埗鏂囦歡銆傚浜庡唴鏍鎬嬌鐢ㄧ殑緙栬瘧宸ュ叿鍚屽簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忎嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏈夋墍涓嶅悓銆傚湪瑙ｉ噴涓嶅悓鐐逛箣鍓嶏紝闇瑕佸gcc榪炴帴鍋氫竴浜涜鏄庯細(xì) <br>.ld錛坙ink description錛夋枃浠訛細(xì)ld鏂囦歡鏄寚鍑鴻繛鎺ユ椂鍐呭瓨鏄犺薄鏍煎紡鐨勬枃浠躲?br>crt0.S錛氬簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕紪璇戣繛鎺ユ椂闇瑕佺殑鍚姩鏂囦歡錛屼富瑕佹槸鍒濆鍖栧簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忔爤銆?br>pic錛歱osition independence code 錛屼笌浣嶇疆鏃犲叧鐨勪簩榪涘埗鏍煎紡鏂囦歡錛屽湪紼嬪簭孌典腑蹇呴』鍖呮嫭reloc孌碉紝浠庤屼嬌鐨勪唬鐮佸姞杞芥椂鍙互榪涜閲嶆柊瀹氫綅銆?br>鍐呮牳緙栬瘧榪炴帴鏃訛紝浣跨敤ucsimm.ld鏂囦歡錛屽艦鎴愬彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鏄犺薄錛屾墍褰㈡垚鐨勪唬鐮佹鏃㈠彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄩ棿鎺ュ鍧鏂瑰紡錛堝嵆浣跨敤reloc孌佃繘琛屽鍧錛夛紝涔熷彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄧ粷瀵瑰鍧鏂瑰紡銆傝繖鏍峰彲浠ョ粰緙栬瘧鍣ㄦ洿澶氱殑浼樺寲絀洪棿銆傚洜涓哄唴鏍稿彲鑳戒嬌鐢ㄧ粷瀵瑰鍧錛屾墍浠ュ唴鏍稿姞杞藉埌鐨勫唴瀛樺湴鍧絀洪棿蹇呴』涓巐d鏂囦歡涓粰瀹氱殑鍐呭瓨絀洪棿瀹屽叏鐩稿悓銆?#160;<br>搴旂敤紼嬪簭鐨勮繛鎺ヤ笌鍐呮牳榪炴帴鏂瑰紡涓嶅悓銆傚簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕敱鍐呮牳鍔犺澆錛堝彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鍔犺澆鍣ㄥ皢鍦ㄥ悗闈㈣璁猴級錛岀敱浜庡簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑ld鏂囦歡緇欏嚭鐨勫唴瀛樼┖闂翠笌搴旂敤紼嬪簭瀹為檯琚姞杞界殑鍐呭瓨浣嶇疆鍙兘涓嶅悓錛岃繖鏍峰湪搴旂敤紼嬪簭鍔犺澆鐨勮繃紼嬩腑闇瑕佷竴涓噸鏂板湴浣嶇殑榪囩▼錛屽嵆瀵箁eloc孌佃繘琛屼慨姝ｏ紝浣垮緱紼嬪簭榪涜闂存帴瀵誨潃鏃朵笉鑷充簬鍑洪敊銆傦紙榪欎釜闂鍦╥386絳夐珮綰у鐞嗗櫒涓婃柟娉曟湁鎵涓嶅悓錛屾湰鏂囧皢鍦ㄥ悗闈㈣繘涓姝ュ垎鏋愶級銆?br>鐢變笂榪拌璁猴紝鑷沖皯闇瑕佷袱濂楃紪璇戣繛鎺ュ伐鍏楓傚湪璁ㄨ榪噓Clinux鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞嗗悗鏈枃灝嗙粰鍑烘暣涓郴緇熺殑宸ヤ綔嫻佺▼浠ュ強(qiáng)緋葷粺鍦╢lash鍜宺am涓殑絀洪棿鍒嗗竷銆?br><strong>鍙墽琛屾枃浠舵牸寮?/strong><br>鍏堝涓浜涘悕璇嶄綔涓浜涜鏄庯細(xì) <br>coff錛坈ommon object file format錛夛細(xì)涓縐嶉氱敤鐨勫璞℃枃浠舵牸寮?br>elf錛坋xcutive linked file錛夛細(xì)涓縐嶄負(fù)Linux緋葷粺鎵閲囩敤鐨勯氱敤鏂囦歡鏍煎紡錛屾敮鎸佸姩鎬佽繛鎺?br>flat錛歟lf鏍煎紡鏈夊緢澶х殑鏂囦歡澶達(dá)紝flat鏂囦歡瀵規(guī)枃浠跺ご鍜屼竴浜涙淇℃伅鍋氫簡綆鍖?br>uClinux緋葷粺浣跨敤flat鍙墽琛屾枃浠舵牸寮忥紝gcc鐨勭紪璇戝櫒涓嶈兘鐩存帴褰㈡垚榪欑鏂囦歡鏍煎紡錛屼絾鏄彲浠ュ艦鎴恈off鎴杄lf鏍煎紡鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛岃繖涓ょ鏂囦歡闇瑕乧off2flt鎴杄lf2flt宸ュ叿榪涜鏍煎紡杞寲錛屽艦鎴恌lat鏂囦歡銆?br>褰撶敤鎴鋒墽琛屼竴涓簲鐢ㄦ椂錛屽唴鏍哥殑鎵ц鏂囦歡鍔犺澆鍣ㄥ皢瀵筬lat鏂囦歡榪涜榪涗竴姝ュ鐞嗭紝涓昏鏄reloc孌佃繘琛屼慨姝ｏ紙鍙墽琛屾枃浠跺姞杞藉櫒鐨勮瑙乫s/binfmt_flat.c錛夈備互涓嬪reloc孌佃繘涓姝ヨ璁恒?br>闇瑕乺eloc孌電殑鏍規(guī)湰鍘熷洜鏄紝紼嬪簭鍦ㄨ繛鎺ユ椂榪炴帴鍣ㄦ墍鍋囧畾鐨勭▼搴忚繍琛岀┖闂翠笌瀹為檯紼嬪簭鍔犺澆鍒扮殑鍐呭瓨絀洪棿涓嶅悓銆傚亣濡傛湁榪欐牱涓鏉℃寚浠わ細(xì)<br>jsr app_start;<br>榪欎竴鏉℃寚浠ら噰鐢ㄧ洿鎺ュ鍧錛岃煩杞埌app_start鍦板潃澶勬墽琛岋紝榪炴帴紼嬪簭灝嗗湪緙栬瘧瀹屾垚鏄綆楀嚭app_start鐨勫疄闄呭湴鍧錛堣鑻ュ疄闄呭湴鍧涓?x10000錛夛紝榪欎釜瀹為檯鍦板潃鏄牴鎹甽d鏂囦歡璁＄畻鍑烘潵錛堝洜涓鴻繛鎺ュ櫒鍋囧畾璇ョ▼搴忓皢琚姞杞藉埌鐢眑d鏂囦歡鎸囨槑鐨勫唴瀛樼┖闂達(dá)級銆備絾瀹為檯涓婄敱浜庡唴瀛樺垎閰嶇殑鍏崇郴錛屾搷浣滅郴緇熷湪鍔犺澆鏃舵棤娉曚繚璇佺▼搴忓皢鎸塴d鏂囦歡鍔犺澆銆傝繖鏃跺鏋滅▼搴忎粛鐒惰煩杞埌緇濆鍦板潃0x10000澶勬墽琛岋紝閫氬父鎯呭喌榪欐槸涓嶆紜殑銆備竴涓В鍐沖姙娉曟槸澧炲姞涓涓瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂達(dá)紝鐢ㄤ簬瀛樺偍app_start鐨勫疄闄呭湴鍧錛岃鑻ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ彉閲廰ddr琛ㄧず榪欎釜瀛樺偍絀洪棿銆傚垯浠ヤ笂榪欏彞紼嬪簭灝嗘敼涓猴細(xì)<br>movl addr, a0;<br>jsr (a0);<br>澧炲姞鐨勫彉閲廰ddr灝嗗湪鏁版嵁孌典腑鍗犵敤涓涓?瀛楄妭鐨勭┖闂達(dá)紝榪炴帴鍣ㄥ皢app_start鐨勭粷瀵瑰湴鍧瀛樺偍鍒拌鍙橀噺銆傚湪鍙墽琛屾枃浠跺姞杞芥椂錛屽彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鍔犺澆鍣ㄦ牴鎹▼搴忓皢瑕佸姞杞界殑鍐呭瓨絀洪棿璁＄畻鍑篴pp_start鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹腑鐨勫疄闄呬綅緗紝鍐欏叆addr鍙橀噺銆傜郴緇熷湪瀹為檯澶勭悊鏄笉闇瑕佺煡閬撹繖涓彉閲忕殑紜垏瀛樺偍浣嶇疆錛堜篃涓嶅彲鑳界煡閬擄級錛岀郴緇熷彧瑕佸鏁翠釜reloc孌佃繘琛屽鐞嗗氨鍙互浜嗭紙reloc孌墊湁鏍囪瘑錛岀郴緇熷彲浠ヨ鍑烘潵錛夈傚鐞嗗緢綆鍗曞彧闇瑕佸reloc孌典腑瀛樺偍鐨勫肩粺涓鍔犱笂涓涓亸緗紙濡傛灉鍔犺澆鐨勭┖闂存瘮棰勬兂鐨勮闈犲墠錛屽疄闄呬笂鏄噺鍘諱竴涓亸縐婚噺錛夈傚亸緗敱瀹為檯鐨勭墿鐞嗗湴鍧璧峰鍊煎悓ld鏂囦歡鎸囧畾鐨勫湴鍧璧峰鍊肩浉鍑忚綆楀嚭銆?br>榪欑reloc鐨勬柟寮忛儴鍒嗘槸鐢眜Clinux鐨勫唴瀛樺垎閰嶉棶棰樺紩璧風(fēng)殑錛岃繖涓鐐瑰皢鍦╱Clinux鍐呭瓨綆＄悊鍒嗘瀽鏃惰鏄庛?br><strong>閽堝瀹炴椂鎬х殑瑙ｅ喅鏂規(guī)</strong><br>uClinux鏈韓騫舵病鏈夊叧娉ㄥ疄鏃墮棶棰橈紝瀹冨茍涓嶆槸涓轟簡Linux鐨勫疄鏃舵ц屾彁鍑虹殑銆傚彟澶栨湁涓縐峀inux--Rt-linux鍏蟲敞瀹炴椂闂銆俁t-linux鎵ц綆＄悊鍣ㄦ妸鏅歀inux鐨勫唴鏍稿綋鎴愪竴涓換鍔¤繍琛岋紝鍚屾椂榪樼鐞嗕簡瀹炴椂榪涚▼銆傝岄潪瀹炴椂榪涚▼鍒欎氦緇欐櫘閫歀inux鍐呮牳澶勭悊銆傝繖縐嶆柟娉曞凡緇忓簲鐢ㄤ簬寰堝鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇熺敤浜庡寮烘搷浣滅郴緇熺殑瀹炴椂鎬э紝鍖呮嫭涓浜涘晢鐢ㄧ増UNIX緋葷粺錛學(xué)indows NT絳夌瓑銆傝繖縐嶆柟娉曚紭鐐逛箣涓鏄疄鐜扮畝鍗曪紝涓斿疄鏃舵ц兘瀹規(guī)槗媯楠屻備紭鐐逛箣浜屾槸鐢變簬闈炲疄鏃惰繘紼嬭繍琛屼簬鏍囧噯Linux緋葷粺錛屽悓鍏跺畠Linux鍟嗙敤鐗堟湰涔嬮棿淇濇寔浜嗗緢澶х殑鍏煎鎬с備紭鐐逛箣涓夋槸鍙互鏀寔紜疄鏃舵椂閽熺殑搴旂敤銆倁Clinux鍙互浣跨敤Rt-linux鐨刾atch錛屼粠鑰屽寮簎Clinux鐨勫疄鏃舵э紝浣垮緱uClinux鍙互搴旂敤浜庡伐涓氭帶鍒躲佽繘紼嬫帶鍒剁瓑涓浜涘疄鏃惰姹傝緝楂樼殑搴旂敤銆?br></p><p><strong>uClinux鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞?/strong><br>搴旇璇磚Clinux鍚屾爣鍑哃inux鐨勬渶澶у尯鍒氨鍦ㄤ簬鍐呭瓨綆＄悊錛屽悓鏃朵篃鐢變簬uClinux鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞嗗紩鍙戜簡涓浜涙爣鍑哃inux鎵涓嶄細(xì)鍑虹幇鐨勯棶棰樸傛湰鏂囧皢鎶妘Clinux鍐呭瓨綆＄悊鍚屾爣鍑哃inux鐨勯偅鍐呭瓨綆＄悊閮ㄥ垎榪涜姣旇緝鍒嗘瀽銆?br>鏍囧噯Linux浣跨敤鐨勮櫄鎷熷瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鎶鏈?br>鏍囧噯Linux浣跨敤铏氭嫙瀛樺偍鍣ㄦ妧鏈紝榪欑鎶鏈敤浜庢彁渚涙瘮璁＄畻鏈虹郴緇熶腑瀹為檯浣跨敤鐨勭墿鐞嗗唴瀛樺ぇ寰楀鐨勫唴瀛樼┖闂淬備嬌鐢ㄨ呭皢鎰熻鍒板ソ鍍忕▼搴忓彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄩ潪甯稿ぇ鐨勫唴瀛樼┖闂達(dá)紝浠庤屼嬌寰楃紪紼嬩漢鍛樺湪鍐欑▼搴忔椂涓嶇敤鑰冭檻璁＄畻鏈轟腑鐨勭墿鐞嗗唴瀛樼殑瀹為檯瀹歸噺銆?/p><p>涓轟簡鏀寔铏氭嫙瀛樺偍綆＄悊鍣ㄧ殑綆＄悊錛孡inux緋葷粺閲囩敤鍒嗛〉錛坧aging錛夌殑鏂瑰紡鏉ヨ澆鍏ヨ繘紼嬨傛墍璋撳垎欏墊棦鏄妸瀹為檯鐨勫瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鍒嗗壊涓虹浉鍚屽ぇ灝忕殑孌碉紝渚嬪姣忎釜孌?024涓瓧鑺傦紝榪欐牱1024涓瓧鑺傚ぇ灝忕殑孌典究縐頒負(fù)涓涓〉闈紙page錛夈?#160;<br>铏氭嫙瀛樺偍鍣ㄧ敱瀛樺偍鍣ㄧ鐞嗘満鍒跺強(qiáng)涓涓ぇ瀹歸噺鐨勫揩閫熺‖鐩樺瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鏀寔銆傚畠鐨勫疄鐜板熀浜庡眬閮ㄦу師鐞嗭紝褰撲竴涓▼搴忓湪榪愯涔嬪墠錛屾病鏈夊繀瑕佸叏閮ㄨ鍏ュ唴瀛橈紝鑰屾槸浠呭皢閭ｄ簺褰撳墠瑕佽繍琛岀殑閭ｄ簺閮ㄥ垎欏甸潰鎴栨瑁呭叆鍐呭瓨榪愯錛坈opy-on-write錛夛紝鍏朵綑鏆傛椂鐣欏湪紜洏涓婄▼搴忚繍琛屾椂濡傛灉瀹冩墍瑕佽闂殑欏碉紙孌碉級宸插瓨鍦紝鍒欑▼搴忕戶緇繍琛岋紝濡傛灉鍙戠幇涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑欏碉紙孌碉級錛屾搷浣滅郴緇熷皢浜х敓涓涓〉閿欒錛坧age fault錛夛紝榪欎釜閿欒瀵艱嚧鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鎶婇渶瑕佽繍琛岀殑閮ㄥ垎鍔犺澆鍒板唴瀛樹腑銆傚繀瑕佹椂鎿嶄綔緋葷粺榪樺彲浠ユ妸涓嶉渶瑕佺殑鍐呭瓨欏碉紙孌碉級浜ゆ崲鍒扮鐩樹笂銆傚埄鐢ㄨ繖鏍風(fēng)殑鏂瑰紡綆＄悊瀛樺偍鍣紝渚垮彲鎶婁竴涓繘紼嬫墍闇瑕佺敤鍒扮殑瀛樺偍鍣ㄤ互鍖栨暣涓洪浂鐨勬柟寮忥紝瑙嗛渶姹傚垎鎵硅澆鍏ワ紝鑰屾牳蹇冪▼搴忓垯鍑熷睘浜庢瘡涓〉闈㈢殑欏電爜鏉ュ畬鎴愬鍧鍚勪釜瀛樺偍鍣ㄥ尯孌電殑宸ヤ綔銆?br>鏍囧噯Linux鏄拡瀵規(guī)湁鍐呭瓨綆＄悊鍗曞厓鐨勫鐞嗗櫒璁捐鐨勩傚湪榪欑澶勭悊鍣ㄤ笂錛岃櫄鎷熷湴鍧琚佸埌鍐呭瓨綆＄悊鍗曞厓錛圡MU錛夛紝鎶婅櫄鎷熷湴鍧鏄犲皠涓虹墿鐞嗗湴鍧銆?br>閫氳繃璧嬩簣姣忎釜浠誨姟涓嶅悓鐨勮櫄鎷?-鐗╃悊鍦板潃杞崲鏄犲皠錛屾敮鎸佷笉鍚屼換鍔′箣闂寸殑淇濇姢銆傚湴鍧杞崲鍑芥暟鍦ㄦ瘡涓涓換鍔′腑瀹氫箟錛屽湪涓涓換鍔′腑鐨勮櫄鎷熷湴鍧絀洪棿鏄犲皠鍒扮墿鐞嗗唴瀛樼殑涓涓儴鍒嗭紝鑰屽彟涓涓換鍔＄殑铏氭嫙鍦板潃絀洪棿鏄犲皠鍒扮墿鐞嗗瓨鍌ㄥ櫒涓殑鍙﹀鍖哄煙銆傝綆楁満鐨勫瓨鍌ㄧ鐞嗗崟鍏冿紙MMU錛変竴鑸湁涓緇勫瘎瀛樺櫒鏉ユ爣璇嗗綋鍓嶈繍琛岀殑榪涚▼鐨勮漿鎹㈣〃銆傚湪褰撳墠榪涚▼灝咰PU鏀懼純緇欏彟涓涓繘紼嬫椂錛堜竴嬈′笂涓嬫枃鍒囨崲錛夛紝鍐呮牳閫氳繃鎸囧悜鏂拌繘紼嬪湴鍧杞崲琛ㄧ殑鎸囬拡鍔犺澆榪欎簺瀵勫瓨鍣ㄣ侻MU瀵勫瓨鍣ㄦ槸鏈夌壒鏉冪殑錛屽彧鑳藉湪鍐呮牳鎬佹墠鑳借闂傝繖灝變繚璇佷簡涓涓繘紼嬪彧鑳借闂嚜宸辯敤鎴風(fēng)┖闂村唴鐨勫湴鍧錛岃屼笉浼?xì)璁块棶鍜屼慨鏀瑰叾瀹儤q涚▼鐨勭┖闂淬傚綋鍙墽琛屾枃浠惰鍔犺澆鏃訛紝鍔犺澆鍣ㄦ牴鎹己鐪佺殑ld鏂囦歡錛屾妸紼嬪簭鍔犺澆鍒拌櫄鎷熷唴瀛樼殑涓涓┖闂達(dá)紝鍥犱負(fù)榪欎釜鍘熷洜瀹為檯涓婂緢澶氱▼搴忕殑铏氭嫙鍦板潃絀洪棿鏄浉鍚岀殑錛屼絾鏄敱浜庤漿鎹㈠嚱鏁頒笉鍚岋紝鎵浠ュ疄闄呮墍澶勭殑鍐呭瓨鍖哄煙涔熶笉鍚屻傝屽浜庡榪涚▼綆＄悊褰撳鐞嗗櫒榪涜榪涚▼鍒囨崲騫舵墽琛屼竴涓柊浠誨姟鏃訛紝涓涓噸瑕侀儴鍒嗗氨鏄負(fù)鏂頒換鍔″垏鎹換鍔¤漿鎹㈣〃銆傛垜浠彲浠ョ湅鍒癓inux緋葷粺鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞嗚嚦灝戝疄鐜頒簡浠ヤ笅鍔熻兘錛?br>榪愯姣斿唴瀛樿繕瑕佸ぇ鐨勭▼搴忋傜悊鎯蟲儏鍐典笅搴旇鍙互榪愯浠繪剰澶у皬鐨勭▼搴?br>鈼囧彲浠ヨ繍琛屽彧鍔犺澆浜嗛儴鍒嗙殑紼嬪簭錛岀緝鐭簡紼嬪簭鍚姩鐨勬椂闂?br>鈼囧彲浠ヤ嬌澶氫釜紼嬪簭鍚屾椂椹葷暀鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹腑鎻愰珮CPU鐨勫埄鐢ㄧ巼<br>鈼囧彲浠ヨ繍琛岄噸瀹氫綅紼嬪簭銆傚嵆紼嬪簭鍙互鏂逛簬鍐呭瓨涓殑浠諱綍涓澶勶紝鑰屼笖鍙互鍦ㄦ墽琛岃繃紼嬩腑縐誨姩銆?br>鈼囧啓鏈哄櫒鏃犲叧鐨勪唬鐮併傜▼搴忎笉蹇呬簨鍏堢害瀹氭満鍣ㄧ殑閰嶇疆鎯呭喌銆?br>鈼囧噺杞葷▼搴忓憳鍒嗛厤鍜岀鐞嗗唴瀛樿祫婧愮殑璐熸媴銆?br>鈼囧彲浠ヨ繘琛屽叡浜?-渚嬪錛屽鏋滀袱涓繘紼嬭繍琛屽悓涓涓▼搴忥紝瀹冧滑搴旇鍙互鍏變韓紼嬪簭浠ｇ爜鐨勫悓涓涓壇鏈?br>鈼囨彁渚涘唴瀛樹繚鎶わ紝榪涚▼涓嶈兘浠ラ潪鎺堟潈鏂瑰紡璁塊棶鎴栦慨鏀歸〉闈紝鍐呮牳淇濇姢鍗曚釜榪涚▼鐨勬暟鎹拰浠ｇ爜浠ラ槻姝㈠叾瀹冭繘紼嬩慨鏀瑰畠浠傚惁鍒欙紝鐢ㄦ埛紼嬪簭鍙兘浼?xì)鍋剁動灱堟垨鎭舵剰锛夌殑鐮村潖鍐呮牳鎴栧叾瀹冪敤鎴方E嬪簭銆?#160;<br>铏氬瓨緋葷粺騫朵笉鏄病鏈変唬浠風(fēng)殑銆傚唴瀛樼鐞嗛渶瑕佸湴鍧杞崲琛ㄥ拰鍏朵粬涓浜涙暟鎹粨鏋勶紝鐣欑粰紼嬪簭鐨勫唴瀛樺噺灝戜簡銆傚湴鍧杞崲澧炲姞浜嗘瘡涓鏉℃寚浠ょ殑鎵ц鏃墮棿錛岃屽浜庢湁棰濆鍐呭瓨鎿嶄綔鐨勬寚浠や細(xì)鏇翠弗閲嶃傚綋榪涚▼璁塊棶涓嶅湪鍐呭瓨鐨勯〉闈㈡椂錛岀郴緇熷彂鐢熷け鏁堛傜郴緇熷鐞嗚澶辨晥錛屽茍灝嗛〉闈㈠姞杞藉埌鍐呭瓨涓紝榪欓渶瑕佹瀬鑰楁椂闂寸殑紓佺洏I(yè)/O鎿嶄綔銆傛諱箣鍐呭瓨綆＄悊媧誨姩鍗犵敤浜嗙浉褰撲竴閮ㄥ垎cpu鏃墮棿錛堝湪杈冨繖鐨勭郴緇熶腑澶х害鍗?0錛咃級銆?br>uClinux閽堝NOMMU鐨勭壒孌婂鐞?br>瀵逛簬uClinux鏉ヨ錛屽叾璁捐閽堝娌℃湁MMU鐨勫鐞嗗櫒錛屽嵆uClinux涓嶈兘浣跨敤澶勭悊鍣ㄧ殑铏氭嫙鍐呭瓨綆＄悊鎶鏈紙搴旇璇磋繖縐嶄笉甯︽湁MMU鐨勫鐞嗗櫒鍦ㄥ祵鍏ュ紡璁懼涓浉褰撴櫘鍋忥級銆倁Clinux浠嶇劧閲囩敤瀛樺偍鍣ㄧ殑鍒嗛〉綆＄悊錛岀郴緇熷湪鍚姩鏃舵妸瀹為檯瀛樺偍鍣ㄨ繘琛屽垎欏點(diǎn)傚湪鍔犺澆搴旂敤紼嬪簭鏃剁▼搴忓垎欏靛姞杞姐備絾鏄敱浜庢病鏈塎MU綆＄悊錛屾墍浠ュ疄闄呬笂uClinux閲囩敤瀹炲瓨鍌ㄥ櫒綆＄悊絳栫暐錛坮eal memeory management錛夈傝繖涓鐐瑰獎鍝嶄簡緋葷粺宸ヤ綔鐨勫緢澶氭柟闈€?br>uClinux緋葷粺瀵逛簬鍐呭瓨鐨勮闂槸鐩存帴鐨勶紝錛堝畠瀵瑰湴鍧鐨勮闂笉闇瑕佺粡榪嘙MU錛岃屾槸鐩存帴閫佸埌鍦板潃綰夸笂杈撳嚭錛夛紝鎵鏈夌▼搴忎腑璁塊棶鐨勫湴鍧閮芥槸瀹為檯鐨勭墿鐞嗗湴鍧銆傛搷浣滅郴緇熷鍐呭瓨絀洪棿娌℃湁淇濇姢錛堣繖瀹為檯涓婃槸寰堝宓屽叆寮忕郴緇熺殑鐗圭偣錛夛紝鍚勪釜榪涚▼瀹為檯涓婂叡浜竴涓繍琛岀┖闂達(dá)紙娌℃湁鐙珛鐨勫湴鍧杞崲琛級銆?#160;<br>涓涓繘紼嬪湪鎵ц鍓嶏紝緋葷粺蹇呴』涓鴻繘紼嬪垎閰嶈凍澶熺殑榪炵畫鍦板潃絀洪棿錛岀劧鍚庡叏閮ㄨ澆鍏ヤ富瀛樺偍鍣ㄧ殑榪炵畫絀洪棿涓備笌涔嬬浉瀵瑰簲鐨勬槸鏍囧噯Linux緋葷粺鍦ㄥ垎閰嶅唴瀛樻椂娌℃湁蹇呰淇濊瘉瀹為檯鐗╃悊瀛樺偍絀洪棿鏄繛緇殑錛岃屽彧瑕佷繚璇佽櫄瀛樺湴鍧絀洪棿榪炵畫灝卞彲浠ヤ簡銆傚彟澶栦竴涓柟闈㈢▼搴忓姞杞藉湴鍧涓庨鏈燂紙ld鏂囦歡涓寚鍑虹殑錛夐氬父閮戒笉鐩稿悓錛岃繖鏍穜elocation榪囩▼灝辨槸蹇呴』鐨勩傛澶栫鐩樹氦鎹㈢┖闂翠篃鏄棤娉曚嬌鐢ㄧ殑錛岀郴緇熸墽琛屾椂濡傛灉緙哄皯鍐呭瓨灝嗘棤娉曢氳繃紓佺洏浜ゆ崲鏉ュ緱鍒版敼鍠勩?br>uClinux瀵瑰唴瀛樼殑綆＄悊鍑忓皯鍚屾椂灝辯粰寮鍙戜漢鍛樻彁鍑轟簡鏇撮珮鐨勮姹傘傚鏋滀粠鏄撶敤鎬ц繖涓鐐規(guī)潵璇達(dá)紝uClinux鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞嗘槸涓縐嶅掗錛岄鍥炰簡鍒頒簡UNIX鏃╂湡鎴栨槸Dos緋葷粺鏃朵唬銆傚紑鍙戜漢鍛樹笉寰椾笉鍙備笌緋葷粺鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞嗐備粠緙栬瘧鍐呮牳寮濮嬶紝寮鍙戜漢鍛樺繀欏誨憡璇夌郴緇熻繖鍧楀紑鍙戞澘鍒板簳鎷ユ湁澶氬皯鐨勫唴瀛橈紙鍋囧浣犳楠椾簡緋葷粺錛岄偅灝嗗湪鍚庨潰榪愯紼嬪簭鏃跺彈鍒版儵緗氾級錛屼粠鑰岀郴緇熷皢鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄧ殑鍒濆鍖栭樁孌靛鍐呭瓨榪涜鍒嗛〉錛屽茍涓旀爣璁板凡浣跨敤鐨勫拰鏈嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍐呭瓨銆傜郴緇熷皢鍦ㄨ繍琛屽簲鐢ㄦ椂浣跨敤榪欎簺鍒嗛〉鍐呭瓨銆?br>鐢變簬搴旂敤紼嬪簭鍔犺澆鏃跺繀欏誨垎閰嶈繛緇殑鍦板潃絀洪棿錛岃岄拡瀵逛笉鍚岀‖浠跺鉤鍙扮殑鍙竴嬈℃垚鍧楋紙榪炵畫鍦板潃錛夊垎閰嶅唴瀛樺ぇ灝忛檺鍒舵槸涓嶅悓錛堢洰鍓嶉拡瀵筫z328澶勭悊鍣ㄧ殑uClinux鏄?28k錛岃岄拡瀵筩oldfire澶勭悊鍣ㄧ殑緋葷粺鍐呭瓨鍒欐棤姝ら檺鍒訛級錛屾墍浠ュ紑鍙戜漢鍛樺湪寮鍙戝簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忔椂蹇呴』鑰冭檻鍐呭瓨鐨勫垎閰嶆儏鍐靛茍鍏蟲敞搴旂敤紼嬪簭闇瑕佽繍琛岀┖闂寸殑澶у皬銆傚彟澶栫敱浜庨噰鐢ㄥ疄瀛樺偍鍣ㄧ鐞嗙瓥鐣ワ紝鐢ㄦ埛紼嬪簭鍚屽唴鏍鎬互鍙?qiáng)鍏跺畠鐢ㄦ堬L(fēng)▼搴忓湪涓涓湴鍧絀洪棿錛岀▼搴忓紑鍙戞椂瑕佷繚璇佷笉渚電姱鍏跺畠紼嬪簭鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿錛屼互浣垮緱紼嬪簭涓嶈嚦浜庣牬鍧忕郴緇熺殑姝ｅ父宸ヤ綔錛屾垨瀵艱嚧鍏跺畠紼嬪簭鐨勮繍琛屽紓甯搞?br>浠庡唴瀛樼殑璁塊棶瑙掑害鏉ョ湅錛屽紑鍙戜漢鍛樼殑鏉冨埄澧炲ぇ浜嗭紙寮鍙戜漢鍛樺湪緙栫▼鏃跺彲浠ヨ闂換鎰忕殑鍦板潃絀洪棿錛夛紝浣嗕笌姝ゅ悓鏃剁郴緇熺殑瀹夊叏鎬т篃澶т負(fù)涓嬮檷銆傛澶栵紝緋葷粺瀵瑰榪涚▼鐨勭鐞嗗皢鏈夊緢澶х殑鍙樺寲錛岃繖涓鐐瑰皢鍦╱Clinux鐨勫榪涚▼綆＄悊涓鏄庛?br>铏界劧uClinux鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞嗕笌鏍囧噯Linux緋葷粺鐩告瘮鍔熻兘鐩稿樊寰堝錛屼絾搴旇璇磋繖鏄祵鍏ュ紡璁懼鐨勯夋嫨銆傚湪宓屽叆寮忚澶囦腑錛岀敱浜庢垚鏈瓑鏁忔劅鍥犵礌鐨勫獎鍝嶏紝鏅亸鐨勯噰鐢ㄤ笉甯︽湁MMU鐨勫鐞嗗櫒錛岃繖鍐沖畾浜嗙郴緇熸病鏈夎凍澶熺殑紜歡鏀寔瀹炵幇铏氭嫙瀛樺偍綆＄悊鎶鏈備粠宓屽叆寮忚澶囧疄鐜扮殑鍔熻兘鏉ョ湅錛屽祵鍏ュ紡璁懼閫氬父鍦ㄦ煇涓鐗瑰畾鐨勭幆澧冧笅榪愯錛屽彧瑕佸疄鐜扮壒瀹氱殑鍔熻兘錛屽叾鍔熻兘鐩稿綆鍗曪紝鍐呭瓨綆＄悊鐨勮姹傚畬鍏ㄥ彲浠ョ敱寮鍙戜漢鍛樿冭檻銆?br>鏍囧噯Linux緋葷粺鐨勮繘紼嬨佺嚎紼?br>榪涚▼錛氳繘紼嬫槸涓涓繍琛岀▼搴忓茍涓哄叾鎻愪緵鎵ц鐜鐨勫疄浣擄紝瀹冨寘鎷竴涓湴鍧絀洪棿鍜岃嚦灝戜竴涓帶鍒剁偣錛岃繘紼嬪湪榪欎釜鍦板潃絀洪棿涓婃墽琛屽崟涓鎸囦護(hù)搴忓垪銆傝繘紼嬪湴鍧絀洪棿鍖呮嫭鍙互璁塊棶鎴栧紩鐢ㄧ殑鍐呭瓨鍗曞厓鐨勯泦鍚堬紝榪涚▼鎺у埗鐐歸氳繃涓涓竴鑸О涓虹▼搴忚鏁板櫒錛坧rogram counter,PC錛夌殑紜歡瀵勫瓨鍣ㄦ帶鍒跺拰璺熻釜榪涚▼鎸囦護(hù)搴忓垪銆?br>fork錛氱敱浜庤繘紼嬩負(fù)鎵ц紼嬪簭鐨勭幆澧冿紝鍥犳鍦ㄦ墽琛岀▼搴忓墠蹇呴』鍏堝緩绔嬭繖涓兘"璺?紼嬪簭鐨勭幆澧冦侺inux緋葷粺鎻愪緵緋葷粺璋冪敤鎷瘋礉鐜拌榪涚▼鐨勫唴瀹癸紝浠ヤ駭鐢熸柊鐨勮繘紼嬶紝璋冪敤fork鐨勮繘紼嬬О涓虹埗榪涚▼錛涜屾墍浜х敓鐨勬柊榪涚▼鍒欑О涓哄瓙榪涚▼銆傚瓙榪涚▼浼?xì)鎵胯鐖稑q涚▼鐨勪竴鍒囩壒鎬э紝浣嗘槸瀹冩湁鑷繁鐨勬暟鎹錛屼篃灝辨槸璇達(dá)紝灝界瀛愯繘紼嬫敼鍙樹簡鎵灞炵殑鍙橀噺錛屽嵈涓嶄細(xì)褰卞搷鍒扮埗榪涚▼鐨勫彉閲忓箋?br>鐖惰繘紼嬪拰瀛愯繘紼嬪叡浜竴涓▼搴忔錛屼絾鏄悇鑷嫢鏈夎嚜宸辯殑鍫嗘爤銆佹暟鎹銆佺敤鎴風(fēng)┖闂翠互鍙?qiáng)杩浗E嬫帶鍒跺潡銆傛崲璦涔嬶紝涓や釜榪涚▼鎵ц鐨勭▼搴忎唬鐮佹槸涓鏍風(fēng)殑錛屼絾鏄悇鏈夊悇鐨勭▼搴忚鏁板櫒涓庤嚜宸辯殑縐佷漢鏁版嵁銆?#160;<br>褰撳唴鏍告敹鍒癴ork璇鋒眰鏃訛紝瀹冧細(xì)鍏堟煡鏍鎬笁浠朵簨錛氶鍏堟鏌ュ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鏄笉鏄凍澶燂紱鍏舵鏄繘紼嬭〃鏄惁浠嶆湁絀虹己錛涙渶鍚庡垯鏄湅鐪嬬敤鎴鋒槸鍚﹀緩绔嬩簡澶鐨勫瓙榪涚▼銆傚鏋滀笂榪拌涓変釜鏉′歡婊¤凍錛岄偅涔堟搷浣滅郴緇熶細(xì)緇欏瓙榪涚▼涓涓繘紼嬭瘑鍒爜錛屽茍涓旇瀹歝pu鏃墮棿錛屾帴鐫璁懼畾涓庣埗榪涚▼鍏變韓鐨勬錛屽悓鏃跺皢鐖惰繘紼嬬殑inode鎷瘋礉涓浠界粰瀛愯繘紼嬭繍鐢紝鏈緇堝瓙榪涚▼浼?xì)杩斿洖鏁板?浠ヨ〃紺哄畠鏄瓙榪涚▼錛岃嚦浜庣埗榪涚▼錛屽畠鍙兘絳夊緟瀛愯繘紼嬬殑鎵ц緇撴潫錛屾垨涓庡瓙榪涚▼鍚勫仛涓殑銆?br>exec緋葷粺璋冪敤錛氳緋葷粺璋冪敤鎻愪緵涓涓繘紼嬪幓鎵ц鍙︿竴涓繘紼嬬殑鑳藉姏錛宔xec緋葷粺璋冪敤鏄噰鐢ㄨ鐩栨棫鏈夎繘紼嬪瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鍐呭鐨勬柟寮忥紝鎵浠ュ師鏉ョ▼搴忕殑鍫嗘爤銆佹暟鎹涓庣▼搴忔閮戒細(xì)琚慨鏀癸紝鍙湁鐢ㄦ埛鍖虹淮鎸佷笉鍙樸?br>vfork緋葷粺璋冪敤錛氱敱浜庡湪浣跨敤fork鏃訛紝鍐呮牳浼?xì)灏嗙埗杩浗E嬫嫹璐濅竴浠界粰瀛愯繘紼嬶紝浣嗘槸榪欐牱鐨勫仛娉曠浉褰撴氮璐規(guī)椂闂達(dá)紝鍥犱負(fù)澶у鏁扮殑鎯呭艦閮芥槸紼嬪簭鍦ㄨ皟鐢╢ork鍚庡氨绔嬪嵆璋冪敤exec錛岃繖鏍峰垰鎷瘋礉鏉ョ殑榪涚▼鍖哄煙鍙堢珛鍗寵鏂扮殑鏁版嵁瑕嗙洊鎺夈傚洜姝inux緋葷粺鎻愪緵涓涓郴緇熻皟鐢╲fork錛寁fork鍋囧畾緋葷粺鍦ㄨ皟鐢ㄥ畬鎴恦fork鍚庝細(xì)椹笂鎵цexec錛屽洜姝fork涓嶆嫹璐濈埗榪涚▼鐨勯〉闈紝鍙槸鍒濆鍖栫鏈夌殑鏁版嵁緇撴瀯涓庡噯澶囪凍澶熺殑鍒嗛〉琛ㄣ傝繖鏍峰疄闄呭湪vfork璋冪敤瀹屾垚鍚庣埗瀛愯繘紼嬩簨瀹炰笂鍏變韓鍚屼竴鍧楀瓨鍌ㄥ櫒錛堝湪瀛愯繘紼嬭皟鐢╡xec鎴栨槸exit涔嬪墠錛夛紝鍥犳瀛愯繘紼嬪彲浠ユ洿鏀圭埗榪涚▼鐨勬暟鎹強(qiáng)鍫嗘爤淇℃伅錛屽洜姝fork緋葷粺璋冪敤瀹屾垚鍚庯紝鐖惰繘紼嬭繘鍏ョ潯鐪狅紝鐩村埌瀛愯繘紼嬫墽琛宔xec銆傚綋瀛愯繘紼嬫墽琛宔xec鏃訛紝鐢變簬exec瑕佷嬌鐢ㄨ鎵ц紼嬪簭鐨勬暟鎹紝浠ｇ爜瑕嗙洊瀛愯繘紼嬬殑瀛樺偍鍖哄煙錛岃繖鏍峰皢浜х敓鍐欎繚鎶ら敊璇紙do_wp_page錛夛紙榪欎釜鏃跺欏瓙榪涚▼鍐欑殑瀹為檯涓婃槸鐖惰繘紼嬬殑瀛樺偍鍖哄煙錛夛紝<br>榪欎釜閿欒瀵艱嚧鍐呮牳涓哄瓙榪涚▼閲嶆柊鍒嗛厤瀛樺偍絀洪棿銆傚綋瀛愯繘紼嬫紜紑濮嬫墽琛屽悗錛屽皢鍞ら啋鐖惰繘紼嬶紝浣垮緱鐖惰繘紼嬬戶緇線鍚庢墽琛屻?br>uClinux鐨勫榪涚▼澶勭悊<br>uClinux娌℃湁mmu綆＄悊瀛樺偍鍣紝鍦ㄥ疄鐜板涓繘紼嬫椂錛坒ork璋冪敤鐢熸垚瀛愯繘紼嬶級闇瑕佸疄鐜版暟鎹繚鎶ゃ?br>uClinux鐨刦ork鍜寁fork錛歶Clinux鐨刦ork絳変簬vfork銆傚疄闄呬笂uClinux鐨勫榪涚▼綆＄悊閫氳繃vfork鏉ュ疄鐜般傝繖鎰忓懗鐫uClinux緋葷粺fork璋冪敤瀹岀▼鍚庯紝瑕佷箞瀛愯繘紼嬩唬鏇跨埗榪涚▼鎵ц錛堟鏃剁埗榪涚▼宸茬粡sleep錛夌洿鍒板瓙榪涚▼璋冪敤exit閫鍑猴紝瑕佷箞璋冪敤exec鎵ц涓涓柊鐨勮繘紼嬶紝榪欎釜鏃跺欏皢浜х敓鍙墽琛屾枃浠剁殑鍔犺澆錛屽嵆浣胯繖涓繘紼嬪彧鏄埗榪涚▼鐨勬嫹璐濓紝榪欎釜榪囩▼涔熶笉鑳介伩鍏嶃傚綋瀛愯繘紼嬫墽琛宔xit鎴杄xec鍚庯紝瀛愯繘紼嬩嬌鐢╳akeup鎶婄埗榪涚▼鍞ら啋錛岀埗榪涚▼緇х畫寰涓嬫墽琛屻?br>uClinux鐨勮繖縐嶅榪涚▼瀹炵幇鏈哄埗鍚屽畠鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞嗙揣瀵嗙浉鍏熾倁Clinux閽堝nommu澶勭悊鍣ㄥ紑鍙戯紝鎵浠ヨ榪嬌鐢ㄤ竴縐峟lat鏂瑰紡鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞嗘ā寮忥紝鍚姩鏂扮殑搴旂敤紼嬪簭鏃剁郴緇熷繀欏諱負(fù)搴旂敤紼嬪簭鍒嗛厤瀛樺偍絀洪棿錛屽茍绔嬪嵆鎶婂簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓姞杞藉埌鍐呭瓨銆傜己灝戜簡MMU鐨勫唴瀛橀噸鏄犲皠鏈哄埗錛寀Clinux蹇呴』鍦ㄥ彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鍔犺澆闃舵瀵瑰彲鎵ц鏂囦歡reloc澶勭悊錛屼嬌寰楃▼搴忔墽琛屾椂鑳藉鐩存帴浣跨敤鐗╃悊鍐呭瓨銆?/p></span></div><img 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