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Sun, 14 Mar 2010 16:05:00 GMT

求windows xp �J�体版，最好是台湾版的�Q�要能一步步的手动安�?惌��双系�l?

找了好几天了�Q�很多资源都下不�?br>
今天好不�Ҏ��下了一个，但是香港版的�Q�且安装到选择盘符�Ӟ��键盘所有键都不能��用，所以还是无法安�?br>
谢谢各位大哥大姐帮帮忙，��弟感激不尽�Q?img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/twzheng/aggbug/109710.html" width = "1" height = "1" />

谭文�?/a> 2010-03-15 00:05 发表评论

完成端口中的单句柄数据结构与单IO数据�l�构的理解与设计

Sat, 02 Jun 2007 15:19:00 GMT

完成端口中的单句柄数据结构与单IO数据�l�构的理解与设计

本文作者：sodme
本文出处�Q?font style="COLOR: #000000" color=#0000ff>http://blog.csdn.net/sodme
声明�Q�本文可以不�l�作者同意�Q意�{载、复制、传播，但�Q何对本文的引用均��M��留本文的作者、出处及本行声明信息�Q�谢谢！

　　完成端口模型�Q�针对于WIN�q�_��的其它异步网�l�模型而言�Q�最大的好处�Q�除了性能斚w��的卓��外�Q�还在于完成端口在传递网�l�事件的通知�Ӟ��可以一�q�传递与此事件相关的应用层数据。这个应用层数据�Q�体现在两个斚w��Q�一是单句柄数据�Q�二是单IO数据�?br>
　　GetQueuedCompletionStatus函数的原型如下：
　　WINBASEAPI
　　BOOL
　　WINAPI
　　GetQueuedCompletionStatus(
    　　IN HANDLE CompletionPort,
   　　 OUT LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesTransferred,
    　　OUT PULONG_PTR lpCompletionKey,
    　　OUT LPOVERLAPPED *lpOverlapped,
    　　IN DWORD dwMilliseconds
    　);
　　其中�Q�我们把�W�三个参数lpCompletionKey�U�Cؓ完成键，由它传递的数据�U�Cؓ单句柄数据。我们把�W�四个参数lpOverlapped�U�Cؓ重叠�l�构体，由它传递的数据�U�Cؓ单IO数据�?br>
　　以字面的意思来理解�Q�lpCompletionKey内包容的东西应该是与各个socket一一对应的，而lpOverlapped是与每一�ơ的wsarecv或wsasend操作一一对应的�?br>
　　在网�l�模型的常见设计中，当一个客��L��q�接到服务器后，服务器会通过accept或AcceptEx创徏一个socket�Q�而应用层��Z��保存与此socket相关的其它信息（比如�Q�该socket所对应的sockaddr_in�l�构体数据，该结构体内含客户端IP�{�信息，以及��Z��于客��L��的逻辑包整理而准备的数据整理�~�冲区等�Q�，往往需要创��Z��个与该socket一一对应的客��L��底层通信对象�Q�这个对象可以负责保存仅在网�l�层需要处理的数据成员和方法，然后我们需要将此客��L��底层通信对象攑օ�一个类��g��list或map的容器中�Q�待到需要��用的时候，使用容器的查扄��法根据socket值找到它所对应的对象然后进行我们所需要的操作�?br>
　　让�h非常高兴的是�Q�完成端�?#8220;体脓入微”�Q�它已经帮我们在每次的完成事仉��知�Ӟ��E�带着把该socket所对应的底层通信对象的指针送给了我们，�q�个指针��是lpCompletionKey。也��是��_��当我们从GetQueuedCompletionStatus函数取得一个数据接收完成的通知�Q�需要将此次收到的数据放到该socket所对应的通信对象整理�~�冲区内�Ҏ��据进行整理时�Q�我们已�l�不需要去执行list或map�{�的查找��法�Q�而是可以直接定位�q�个对象了，当客��L��q�接量很大时�Q�频�J�查表还是很影响效率的。哇哦，太帅了，不是吗？呵呵�?br>
　　��Z��以上的认识，我们的lpCompletionKey对象可以设计如下�Q?br>　　typedef struct PER_HANDLE_DATA
　　{
　　　　SOCKET socket;　　　　　　　　　　   //本结构体对应的socket�?br>　　　　sockaddr_in addr;　　　　　　　　　　//用于存放客户端IP�{�信�?br>　　　　char DataBuf[ 2*MAX_BUFFER_SIZE ];　　//整理�~�冲�?用于存放每次整理时的数据
　　}

　　PER_HANDLE_DATA与socket的绑定，通过CreateIOCompletionPort完成�Q�将该结构体地址作�ؓ该函数的�W�三个参��C��入即可。而PER_HANDLE_DATA�l�构体中addr成员�Q�是在accept执行成功后进行赋值的。DataBuf则可以在每次WSARecv操作完成�Q�需要整理缓冲区数据时��用�?br>
　　下面我们再来看看完成端口的收、发操作中所使用到的重叠�l�构体OVERLAPPED�?br>
　　关于重叠IO的知识，误��行GOOGLE相关资料。简单地��_��OVERLAPPED是应用层与核心层交互�׃�n的数据单元，如果要执行一个重叠IO操作�Q�必��d��有OVERLAPPED�l�构。在完成端口中，它允许应用层对OVERLAPPED�l�构�q�行扩展和自定义�Q�允许应用层�Ҏ��自己的需要在OVERLAPPED的基��上�Ş成新的扩展OVERLAPPED�l�构。一般地�Q�扩展的OVERLAPPED�l�构中，要求攑֜��W�一个的数据成员是原OVERLAPPED�l�构。我们可以�Ş如以下方式定义自��q��扩展OVERLAPPED�l�构�Q?br>　　typedef struct PER_IO_DATA
　　{
　　　　OVERLAPPED ovl;
　　　　WSABUF           buf;
　　　　char                    RecvDataBuf[ MAX_BUFFER_SIZE ];   //接收�~�冲�?br>　　　　char                    SendDataBuf[ MAX_BUFFER_SIZE ];   //发送缓冲区
　　　　OpType              opType;                                                       //操作�c�d��Q�发送、接收或关闭�{?br>　　}
　　
　　在执行WSASend和WSARecv操作�Ӟ��应用层会��扩展OVERLAPPED�l�构的地址传给核心�Q�核心完成相应的操作后，仍然通过原有的这个结构传递操作结果，比如“接收”操作完成后，RecvDataBuf里存放便是此�ơ接收下来的数据�?br>
　　�Ҏ��各自应用的不同，不同的完成端口设计者可能会设计��Z��同的PER_HANDLE_DATA
和PER_IO_DATA�Q�我�q�里�l�出的设计也只是针对自己的应用场合的�Q�不一定就适合你。但我想�Q�最主要的还是要搞明白PER_HANDLE_DATA和PER_IO_DATA两种�l�构体的含义、用途，以及调用��程�?br>

谭文�?/a> 2007-06-02 23:19 发表评论

Windows Sockets 2.0:使用完成端口高性能�Q�可扩展性Winsock服务�E�序

Wed, 30 May 2007 09:24:00 GMT

摘要: Windows Sockets 2.0:使用完成端口高性能�Q�可扩展性Winsock服务�E�序[摘自]http://blog.csdn.net/vcbear/��译说明�Q? 完成端口基本上公认�ؓ一�U�在windows服务�q�_��上比较成熟和高效的IO�Ҏ��Q�理解和�~�写�E�序都不是很困难。目前我正在�q�行�q�方面的实践�Q�代码还没有完全调试和评��P��只有�q�一��拙劣的学习��译文摘�Q�见�W�见�W��?��译�q�个文章�Q�是因�ؓ我近期在... 阅读全文

谭文�?/a> 2007-05-30 17:24 发表评论

�c�M��于QQ游戏百万人同时在�U�的服务器架构实�?

Thu, 24 May 2007 18:58:00 GMT

�c�M��于QQ游戏百万人同时在�U�的服务器架构实�?/span>

本文作者：sodme　本文出处�Q�http://blog.csdn.net/sodme
版权声明�Q�本文可以不�l�作者同意�Q意�{载，但�{载时烦请保留文章开始前两行的版权、作者及出处信息�?br>
　　QQ游戏于前几日�l�于�H�破了百万�h同时在线的关口，向着更�ؓ�q�大的目标迈�q�，�q�让其它众多传统的棋牌休闲游戏��^台黯然失�Ԍ��相比之下�Q�联众似乎已�l�根本不是QQ的对手，因�ؓQQ除了�q?00万的游戏在线人数外，它还拥有3亿多的注册量�Q�当然很多是重复注册的）以及QQ聊天软�g900万的同时在线率，我们已经可以预见未来由QQ构徏��h��的强大棋牌休闲游戏帝国�?br>　　那么�Q�在技术上�Q�QQ游戏到底是如何实现百万�h同时在线�q�保持游戏高效率的呢�Q?br>　　事实上，针对于�Q何单一的网�l�服务器�E�序�Q�其可承受的同时�q�接数目是有理论峰值的�Q�通过C�Q�＋中对TSocket的定义类型：word�Q�我们可以判定这个连接理论峰值是65535�Q�也��是��_��你的单个服务器程序，最多可以承�?万多的用户同时连接。但是，在实际应用中�Q�能辑ֈ�一万�h的同时连接�ƈ能保证正常的数据交换已经是很不容易了�Q�通常�q�个值都�?000�?000之间�Q�据说QQ的单台服务器同时�q�接数目也就是在�q�个��D��间�?br>　　如果要实�?000�?000用户的单服务器同时在�U�，是不隄��。在windows下，比较成熟的技术是采用IOCP�Q�－完成端口。与完成端口相关的资料在�|�上和CSDN论坛里有很多�Q�感兴趣的朋友可以自己搜索一下。只要运用得当，一个完成端口服务器是完全可以达�?K�?K的同时在�U�K��的。但�Q?K�q�样的数值离百万�q�样的数值实在相差太大了�Q�所以，百万人的同时在线是单台服务器肯定无法实现的�?br>　　要实现百万�h同时在线�Q�首先要实现一个比较完善的完成端口服务器模型，�q�个模型要求臛_��可以承蝲2K�?K的同时在�U�率�Q�当�Ӟ��如果你MONEY多，你也可以只开发出最多允�?00人在�U�的服务器）。在构徏好了基本的完成端口服务器之后�Q�就是有��x��务器�l�的架构设计了。之所以说�q�是一个服务器�l�，是因为它�l�不仅仅只是一台服务器�Q�也�l�不仅仅是只有一�U�类型的服务器�?br>　　��单地��_��实现百万人同时在�U�的服务器模型应该是�Q�登陆服务器�Q�大厅服务器�Q�房间服务器。当�Ӟ��也可以是其它的模型，但其基本的思想是一��L��。下面，我将逐一介绍�q�三�c�L��务器的各自作用�?br>　　登陆服务器：一般情况下�Q�我们会向玩家开放若�q�个公开的登陆服务器�Q�就如QQ登陆时让你选择的从哪个QQ游戏服务器登陆一��P��QQ登陆时让玩家选择的六个服务器入口实际上就是登陆服务器。登陆服务器主要完成负蝲�q��的作用。详�l�点说就是，在登陆服务器的背后，有N个大厅服务器�Q�登陆服务器只是用于为当前的客户端连接选择其下一步应该连接到哪个大厅服务器，当登陆服务器为当前的客户端连接选择了一个合适的大厅服务器后�Q�客��L��开始根据登陆服务器提供的信息连接到相应的大厅上去，同时客户端断开与登陆服务器的连接，为其他玩家客��L��q�接登陆服务器腾出套接字资源。在设计登陆服务器时�Q�至��应该有以下功能�Q�N个大厅服务器的每一个大厅服务器都要与所有的登陆服务器保持连接，�q�实时地把本大厅服务器当前的同时在线人数通知�l�各个登陆服务器�Q�这其中包括�Q�用戯��入时的同时在�U��h数增加信息以及用户退出时的同时在�U��h数减��信息。这里的各个大厅服务器同时在�U��h��C��息就是登陆服务器为客��L��选择某个大厅让其登陆的依据。�D例来��_��玩家A通过登陆服务�?�q�接到登陆服务器�Q�登陆服务器开始�ؓ当前玩家在众多的大厅服务器中�Ҏ��哪一个大厅服务器人数比较��来选择一个大厅，同时把这个大厅的�q�接IP和端口发�l�客��L��Q�客��L��收到�q�个IP和端口信息后�Q�根据这个信息连接到此大厅，同时�Q�客��L��断开与登陆服务器之间的连接，�q�便是用��L��陆过�E�中�Q�在登陆服务器这一块的处理��程�?br>　　大厅服务器：大厅服务器，是普通玩家看不到的服务器�Q�它的连接IP和端口信息是登陆服务器通知�l�客��L��的。也��是��_��在QQ游戏的本地文件中�Q�具体的大厅服务器连接IP和端口信息是没有保存的。大厅服务器的主要作用是向玩家发送游戏房间列表信息，�q�些信息包括�Q�每个游戏房间的�c�d��Q�名�U�ͼ�在线人数�Q�连接地址以及其它如游戏帮助文件URL的信息。从界面上看的话�Q�大厅服务器��是我们输入用户名和密码�q�校验通过后进入的游戏戉K��列表界面。大厅服务器�Q�主要有以下功能�Q�一是向当前玩家�q�播各个游戏戉K��在线人数信息�Q�二是提供游戏的版本以及下蝲地址信息�Q�三是提供各个游戏房间服务器的连接IP和端口信息；四是提供游戏帮助的URL信息�Q�五是提供其它游戏辅助功能。但在这众多的功能中�Q�有一�Ҏ��最为核心的�Q�即�Q��ؓ玩家提供�q�入具体的游戏房间的通道�Q�让玩家��利�q�入其欲�q�入的游戏房间。玩家根据各个游戏房间在�U��h敎ͼ�判定自己�q�入哪一个房��_��然后双击服务器列表中的某个游戏房间后玩家开始进入游戏房间服务器�?br>　　游戏戉K��服务器：游戏戉K��服务器，具体地说��是�?#8220;斗地�?”�Q?#8220;斗地�?”�q�样的游戏房间。游戏房间服务器才是具体的负责执行游戏相关逻辑的服务器。这��L��游戏逻辑分�ؓ两大�c�：一�c�L��通用的游戏房间逻辑�Q�如�Q�进入房��_��d��戉K��Q�进入桌子，��d��桌子以及在房间内说话�{�；�W�二�c�L��游戏桌子逻辑�Q�这个就是各�U�不同类型游戏的主要区别之处了，比如斗地��M��的叫��C��或不叫地�ȝ��逻辑�{�，当然�Q�游戏桌子逻辑里也包括有通用的各个游戏里都存在的游戏逻辑�Q�比如在桌子内说话等。��M��Q�游戏房间服务器才是真正负责执行游戏具体逻辑的服务器�?br>　　�q�里提到的三�c�L��务器�Q�我均采用的是完成端口模型，每个服务器最多连接数目是5000人，但是�Q�我在游戏房间服务器上作了逻辑层的限定�Q�最多只允许300人同时在�Uѝ��其他两个服务器仍然允许最�?000人的同时在线。如果按照这��L��l�构来设计，那么要实现百万�h的同时在�U�就应该是这��P��首先是大厅，1000000/5000�Q?00。也��是��_��臛_��?00台大厅服务器�Q�但通常情况下，考虑到实际��用时服务器的处理能力和负载情况，应该臛_��准备250台左右的大厅服务器程序。另外，具体的各�U�类型的游戏戉K��服务器需要多��，��p��Ҏ��当前玩各�U�类型游戏的玩家数目分别计算了，比如斗地��L��多是十万人同时在�U�，每台服务器最多允�?00人同时在�U�，那么需要的斗地��L��务器数目��应该不��于�Q?00000/300=333�Q�准备得充分一点，��p��准备350台斗��C��服务器�?br>　　除正常的玩家�q�接外，�q�要考虑刎ͼ�
　　对于登陆服务器，会有250台大厅服务器�q�接到每个登陆服务器上，�q�是始终都要保持的连接；
　　而对于大厅服务器而言�Q�如果仅仅有斗地主这一�cȝ��服务器，��p��?50多个�q�接与各个大厅服务器始终保持着。所以从�q�一点看�Q�我的结构在某些斚w��q�存在着需要改�q�的地方�Q�但核心思想是：��快地提供用��L��陆的速度�Q�尽可能方便地让玩家�q�入游戏中�?

谭文�?/a> 2007-05-25 02:58 发表评论

A Reusable Windows Socket Server Class With C++

Tue, 22 May 2007 16:12:00 GMT

摘要: A Reusable Windows Socket Server Class With C++ Contributed by Len Holgate 摘自�Q�http://www.devarticles.com Ever thought of writing your own Windows socket server class? In this article Len sh... 阅读全文

谭文�?/a> 2007-05-23 00:12 发表评论

您也使用托管C++吗？

Sat, 19 May 2007 09:36:00 GMT

您也使用托管C++吗？
摘自�Q?a class=headermaintitle id=Header1_HeaderTitle >沐枫��筑 �Q�博客园博客�Q?br>
转向.NET后，手头上往往仍有旧的模块要重用。也许这些模块是Delphi写的�Q�也许是C/C++写的�Q�或者是其它�~�程语言……��Z��能把它们�U�L��?NET下，或者是�?NET中调用，To be or not to be, that is a question�?br>　　在这里，我笔��C��几个在工作中遇到的几个场景。不�q�，�q�里不包括完全��用C#来重写原来用C++�~�写的程序这�U�变态的需求。当你被要求做这�U�事的时候，请三思而后�?#8230;…�q�简直是�U�非人的折磨�?br>
您也使用托管C++吗？　如沐枫林

　　场景一�Q�在.NET中调用WindowsAPI或DLL�?br>
　　�q�是比较普遍的需求。一般来��_��单的函数调用�Q�大可直接用C#/VB.NET�Q�经�q�DllImport属性包装出函数来调用。如�Q?

[DllImport("KERNEL32.DLL", EntryPoint="MoveFileW", SetLastError=true,
CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling=true,
CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall)]
public static extern bool MoveFile(String src, String dst);

　　�׃��WindowsAPI用到的�h实在是多�Q�因此有一个专门的wiki站点�Q�收集这斚w��的资料：http://www.pinvoke.net/�Q�对于常用的函数甚至有完整的应用例子和帮助。当�Ӟ��如果你有相应的资料和例子�Q�你也可以�A献你的力量，�l�其它�h帮助�?br>
　　场景�?/strong>�Q�用托管C++包装现有的DLL�Q�供C#调用

　　当函数的参数或返回值比较复杂，或函数比较多的时候，�q�种�Ҏ��对与人来��_��实在是一个折��。常常这些接口和定义��p��用掉几千行的代码�Q�而且�q�不能保证是正确的。这些错误往往在运行时才能昄��出来�Q�甚��x��些错误会引�v内存泄漏�Q�或其它更�ؓ隐蔽的错误�?br>　　在这�U�情况下�Q��用C++/Managed代码来包装，��成了最合理的选择。因为托��C++代码可以直接引用原有的头文�g�Q�直接调用非托管函数�Q�而不需要声明。这��P��既减��了工作量，又避免引入错误。缺�Ҏ��Q�这�U�方法会增加一个DLL�?span style="COLOR: #ff0000">要注意的是托��字�W�串和非托管字符串是有区别的�Q��ƈ需要�{换（特别要注意的Unicode字符串和多字节字�W�串的�{换）�?br>
　　仍以MoveFile��Z��吧，�q�样比较��单：

#include <windows.h>
#include <vcclr.h>

using namespace System;

namespace wrapper
{
    public ref class ApiWrapper {
    public:
        bool static MoveFile(String ^ lpExistingFileName, String ^ lpNewFileName )
        {
            pin_ptr<const wchar_t> src = PtrToStringChars(lpExistingFileName);
            pin_ptr<const wchar_t> dst = PtrToStringChars(lpNewFileName);
            return ::MoveFile(src, dst);
        }
    };
}

　　然后在C#中，引用上面代码生成的DLL文�g�Q�就可以直接调用了：

wrapper.ApiWrapper.MoveFile(@"c:\debug.log", @"c:\debug.txt");

　　假如原有的代码是��Z��COM的，那么太好了，VisualStudio�{�IDE会自动生成一个用于包装的dll�Q�供你调用。当然因�Ҏ��需要而手工编码的是另一回事�?br>
　　场景�?/strong>�Q�现有C++原代码，包装后供C#调用�?br>
　　C++的原代码�Q�实际上可以直接�~�译成托��代码。MFC也好ATL也好……�q�样看�v来在.NET中最强大的编�E�语�a��是C++了：它不仅可以编写托��程序，甚至可以��标准C++的代码也�~�译成托��程序！其实VC++最强大的地方不止如此，它还在于能够�~�写混合了托��和非托��的代码的程序！�Q�！�q�样最大的好处不仅可以��关键代码直接编译成非托��的代码�Q�还可以避免被反�~�译�?br>　　
　　假设现有C++代码如下�Q?br>
class UnmanagedClass {
public:
    LPCWSTR GetPropertyA() { return L"Hello!"; }
    void MethodB( LPCWSTR ) {}
};
　　我们只要再增加一个包装类到工�E�文件中�Q?
namespace wrapper
{
    public ref class ManagedClass {
    public:
        // Allocate the native object on the C++ Heap via a constructor
        ManagedClass() : m_Impl( new UnmanagedClass ) {}

        // Deallocate the native object on a destructor
        ~ManagedClass() {
            delete m_Impl;
        }

    protected:
        // Deallocate the native object on the finalizer just in case no destructor is called
        !ManagedClass() {
            delete m_Impl;
        }

    public:
        property String ^  get_PropertyA {
            String ^ get() {
                return gcnew String( m_Impl->GetPropertyA());
            }
        }

        void MethodB( String ^ theString ) {
            pin_ptr<const WCHAR> str = PtrToStringChars(theString);
            m_Impl->MethodB(str);
        }

    private:
        UnmanagedClass * m_Impl;
    };
}

　　然后�Q�改变编译选项�?#8220;使用公共语言扩展 /clr”��可以了。这��P��我们把代码编译成DLL文�g��可以供.NET其它语言调用了�?br>　　最后，C#中可以象如下的代码一栯��用C++�c�M��Q?
ManagedClass mc = new ManagedClass();
mc.MethoB("Hello");
string s = mc.get_PropertyA;

　　场景�?/strong>�Q�如何在托管C++代码中�؜合托��和非托��代�?br>
　　很简单，只要�?pragma unmanaged�~�译指示开始的�E�序�Q�一率编译成非托��代码；要想恢复成托��代码，只要使用#pragma managed��可以了。如�Q?br>　　
#pragma unmanaged

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template<typename T>
void f(T t){
    cout << t << endl;
}

#pragma managed

using namespace System;

void m(String ^ s){
    Console::WriteLine(s);
}

void main(){
    f("Hello");
    m("World");
}
　　
　　生成exe文�g后，用反�~�译�E�序查看 f 函数�Q?
[PreserveSig, MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Unmanaged, MethodCodeType=MethodCodeType.Native), SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
public static unsafe void modopt(CallConvCdecl) f<char const *>(sbyte modopt(IsSignUnspecifiedByte) modopt(IsConst)*);
　　
　　看不到源码，而方法属性标��CؓUnmanaged�?br>　　如果没有加上#pragma unmanaged�Q�反�~�译得到�?f 函数为：
internal static unsafe void modopt(CallConvCdecl) f<char const *>(sbyte modopt(IsSignUnspecifiedByte) modopt(IsConst)* t)
{
      std.basic_ostream<char,std::char_traits<char> >.<<(std.operator<<<struct std::char_traits<char> >(*((basic_ostream<char,std::char_traits<char> >* modopt(IsImplicitlyDereferenced)*) &__imp_std.cout), t), (basic_ostream<char,std::char_traits<char> >* modopt(IsImplicitlyDereferenced) modopt(CallConvCdecl) *(basic_ostream<char,std::char_traits<char> >* modopt(IsImplicitlyDereferenced))) __unep@?endl@std@@$$FYAAAV?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@1@AAV21@@Z);
}

　　其中的函数内容一目了然。如果你的函数没有调用operator�{�不好理解的�c�d��Q�那么反�~�译出来的代码简直和源码没差别�?nbsp;

　　开心一�?/strong>�Q�我只会C++不懂.NET不懂C#�Q�怎么�~�写.NET�E�序�Q?br>
　　很简单，你照��L��你的C++写你的程序，然后��试没有错误后，��编译选项改�ؓ/clr�Q�好了，Rebuild�Q�你的程序现在是.NET了�?br>
　　恶搞�Q?#8220;我想问一下，在能��现有的C�Q�＋代码直接�q�行��装�Q�被C�Q�进行调用，而不是去调用DLL�Q�也��是不生成DLL�Q�就在C�Q�下能直接调用VC的工�E�源文�g不？”

　　我想�Q�提问的人是不是指，现有c++源码�Q�但不想费劲去�{换成C#源码�Q�但又想能与C#一��L��译�?br>　　于是我就�l�了一个极其变态的�Ҏ��Q�不�q�，个�h是不��使用�q�种变态的�Ҏ��啊。方法如下：
　　�Q�　先将C++源码�Q�改用CLR�~�译选项�Q�编译成.NET的Assembly�Q�DLL文�g�Q��?
　　�Q�　然后用reflector�{�反�~�译软�g�Q�反�~�译成C#代码�Q��ƈ导出�Q�reflector有专门的导出插�g�Q��?
　　�Q�　��导出的C#代码�Q�添加上新写的C#代码一��L��译�?
　　
　　�q�种�Ҏ��生成的代码很是恐怖，强烈��不要把C++源码��p��么丢了，否则后果自负�?br>
　　场景�?/strong>�Q�不惌��DLL�Q�能不能直接把C++源代码与C#源代码一��L��译成一个单独的Assembly呢？
　　当然是可以的。具体参见：让C++代码与C#代码一��L��成一个单一的Assembly

-------
部䆾例子来自MSDN.

谭文�?/a> 2007-05-19 17:36 发表评论

Control.KeyPress 事�g

Wed, 16 May 2007 16:02:00 GMT
     摘要: .NET Framework �c�d�� Control.KeyPress 事�g 在控件有焦点的情况下按下键时发生�? [Visual Basic]Public Event KeyPress As KeyPressEventHa...  阅读全文

谭文�?/a> 2007-05-17 00:02 发表评论

.NET Remoting

Sun, 13 May 2007 16:30:00 GMT
.NET Remoting
By Mark Strawmyer

[源] http://www.developer.com/net/cplus/article.php/10919_1479761_1

The last two Nuts and Bolts articles focused on database related topics. This month we'll change gears and focus on something different. The focus of this month's article will be .NET remoting. We'll discuss what is .NET Remoting, how it compares to DCOM and Web services, and go through an example.

What is .NET Remoting?

.NET Remoting is an enabler for application communication. It is a generic system for different applications to use to communicate with one another. .NET objects are exposed to remote processes, thus allowing interprocess communication. The applications can be located on the same computer, different computers on the same network, or even computers across separate networks.

.NET Remoting versus Distributed COM

In the past interprocess communication between applications was handled through Distributed COM, or DCOM. DCOM works well and the performance is adequate when applications exist on computers of similar type on the same network. However, DCOM has its drawbacks in the Internet connected world. DCOM relies on a proprietary binary protocol that not all object models support, which hinders interoperability across platforms. In addition, have you tried to get DCOM to work through a firewall? DCOM wants to communicate over a range of ports that are typically blocked by firewalls. There are a ways to get it to work, but they either decrease the effectiveness of the firewall (why bother to even have the firewall if you open up a ton of ports on it), or require you to get a firewall that allows support for binary traffic over port 80.

.NET Remoting eliminates the difficulties of DCOM by supporting different transport protocol formats and communication protocols. This allows .NET Remoting to be adaptable to the network environment in which it is being used.

.NET Remoting versus Web Services

Unless you have been living in a cave, or are way behind in your reading, you have probably read something about Web services. When you read the description of .NET Remoting it may remind you a lot of what you're read about Web services. That is because Web services fall under the umbrella of .NET Remoting, but have a simplified programming model and are intended for a wide target audience.

Web services involve allowing applications to exchange messages in a way that is platform, object model, and programming language independent. Web services are stateless and know nothing about the client that is making the request. The clients communicate by transferring messages back and forth in a specific format known as the Simple Object Access Protocol, or SOAP. (Want to get some funny looks in the hallway? Stand around in the hallway near the marketing department with your colleagues and discuss the benefits of using SOAP).

The following list outlines some of the major differences between .NET Remoting and Web services that will help you to decide when to use one or the other:

ASP.NET based Web services can only be accessed over HTTP. .NET Remoting can be used across any protocol.

Web services work in a stateless environment where each request results in a new object created to service the request. .NET Remoting supports state management options and can correlate multiple calls from the same client and support callbacks.

Web services serialize objects through XML contained in the SOAP messages and can thus only handle items that can be fully expressed in XML. .NET Remoting relies on the existence of the common language runtime assemblies that contain information about data types. This limits the information that must be passed about an object and allows objects to be passed by value or by reference.

Web services support interoperability across platforms and are good for heterogeneous environments. .NET Remoting requires the clients be built using .NET, or another framework that supports .NET Remoting, which means a homogeneous environment.

Channels

Remote objects are accessed through Channels. Channels physically transport the messages to and from remote objects. There are two existing channels TcpChannel and HttpChannel. Their names give away the protocols that they use. In addition, the TcpChannel or HttpChannel can be extended, or a new channel created if you determine the existing channels do not meet your needs.

Create a Remotable Object

A remotable object is nothing more than an object that inherits from MarshalByRefObject. The following sample demonstrates a simple class to expose the omnipresent hello world. This object exposes a single method HelloWorld that will return a string. The only values that can be returned from methods are the classes in the .NET Framework that are serializable such as string and DataSet. In addition, if you need to return a user-defined object then the object needs to be marked as serializable.

Create a new C# class library project. Add a class called SampleObject and put in the following code. Add a reference to System.Runtime.Remoting in the project, otherwise the TcpChannel will not be found. Compile the class to make sure you have everything correct.

using System; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp; namespace CodeGuru.Remoting { /// /// Sample object to demonstrate the use of .NET Remoting. /// public class SampleObject : MarshalByRefObject { ///
/// Constructor ///
public SampleObject() { } ///
/// Return a hello message ///
/// Hello world message public string HelloWorld() { return "Hello World!"; } } }

Create a Server To Expose the Remotable Object

We need to create a server object that will act as a listener to accept remote object requests. For this example we will use the TCP/IP channel. We first create an instance of the channel and then register it for use by clients at a specific port. The service can be registered as WellKnownObjectMode.SingleCall, which results in a new instance of the object for each client, or as WellKnownObjectMode.Singleton, which results in one instance of the object used for all clients.

It is not necessary to create the server listener if you are planning to use IIS. For obvious reasons, IIS only supports the use of the HttpChannel. Create a virtual directory for your application and then put code to register your service in the Application_Start event.

For our example, we'll go ahead and create a server listener in case you don't have IIS. Since the service needs to be bound to an available port, for our example I chose 8080, which is a port that I know to be unused on my computer. You may need to choose a different port depending upon what ports you have available. To see a list of the used ports on your computer open a command prompt and issue the command "netstat --a". It may produce a long listing so make sure the command prompt buffer sizes are set to allow scrolling. Compile the class to make sure you have everything correct.

Create a new C# console application project. Add a class called SampleServer and paste in the following code. Add a reference to System.Runtime.Remoting in the project, otherwise the TcpChannel will not be found. In addition, add a reference to the project containing the SampleObject, otherwise the code will not compile because it won't know how to find a reference to SampleObject.

using System; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp; namespace CodeGuru.Remoting { /// /// Sample server to demonstrate the use of .NET Remoting. /// public class SampleServer { public static int Main(string [] args) { // Create an instance of a channel TcpChannel channel = new TcpChannel(8080); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(channel); // Register as an available service with the name HelloWorld RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType( typeof(SampleObject), "HelloWorld", WellKnownObjectMode.SingleCall ); System.Console.WriteLine("Press the enter key to exit..."); System.Console.ReadLine(); return 0; } } }
Create a Client To Use the Remotable Object

Now that we have our remotable object and a server object to listen for requests, let's create a client to use it. Our client will be very simple. It will connect to the server, create an instance of the object using the server, and then execute the HelloWorld method.

Create a new C# console application project. Add a class called SampleClient and paste in the following code. Add a reference to System.Runtime.Remoting in the project, otherwise the TcpChannel will not be found. In addition, add a reference to the project containing the SampleObject, otherwise the code will not compile because it won't know how to find a reference to SampleObject. Compile the class to make sure you have everything correct.

using System; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp; namespace CodeGuru.Remoting { /// /// Sample client to demonstrate the use of .NET Remoting. /// public class SampleClient { public static int Main(string [] args) { // Create a channel for communicating w/ the remote object // Notice no port is specified on the client TcpChannel chan = new TcpChannel(); ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(chan); // Create an instance of the remote object SampleObject obj = (SampleObject) Activator.GetObject( typeof(CodeGuru.Remoting.SampleObject), "tcp://localhost:8080/HelloWorld" ); // Use the object if( obj.Equals(null) ) { System.Console.WriteLine("Error: unable to locate server"); } else { Console.WriteLine(obj.HelloWorld()); } return 0; } } }

Test the Remoting Sample

Once you have created the projects and successfully compiled each of them you are ready to try it out. Assuming you chose a free TCP/IP port for the service, start the server executable. After the server successfully starts it will result in a console window being displayed with the message "Press the enter key to exit". The server is listening so you are now ready to run the client. Executing the client should result in "Hello World!" being displayed in a separate console window. The client window will then close while the server remains open and available.

If you have multiple computers available to you on a network you could execute the server on one machine and the client on another just to prove to yourself that it really is remoting. In order to run on separate machines you would need to change the reference to localhost in the sample client to point to the appropriate location.

Summary

.NET Remoting is a powerful way to enable interprocess communication. It is more complicated to program against than Web services. You need to decide for yourself whether your standard architecture is to use .NET Remoting or Web services.

Future Columns

The next column will be on the use of encryption in the .NET framework. We'll take a look at some of the encryption algorithms available in the framework and ways to use them. If you have a particular topic in mind please email me at mstrawmyer@crowechizek.com

About the Author

Mark Strawmyer, MCSD, MCSE (NT4/W2K), MCDBA is a Senior Architect of .NET applications for large and mid-size organizations. Mark is a technology leader with Crowe Chizek in Indianapolis, Indiana. He specializes in architecture, design and development of Microsoft-based solutions. You can reach Mark at mstrawmyer@crowechizek.com.

谭文�?/a> 2007-05-14 00:30 发表评论

Sat, 12 May 2007 12:00:00 GMT

关于.net委托的一��妙�?/strong>

作者：TomMax (�W�望人生) 出处�Q�csdn community

有许多�h问的�Q?Net中的委托以及事�g处理。我拿简单的例子说明一下，是现实中的例子：

比如说一个公司（场景�Q�，你是老板�Q�手下有两个员工�Q�小张和��王�?br>你命令小王，如果��张玩游戏，则小王扣��d��?00元钱�?/p>
�q�就是现实中的委托�?/p>
实际上，在写�E�序中，�E�序员就是老板�Q�小张和��王��是两个对象。小张玩游戏是一个方法，��张�q�有一个游戏事�Ӟ��他玩游戏�Ȁ发这个事件。而小王就是事件处理对象，他负责把��张的钱扣除500�?/p>
所以，委托有如下几个要素：
1 �Ȁ发事件的对象--��是��张
2 处理对象事�g的对�?-��是��王
3 定义委托�Q�就是你让小王监视小张�?/p>
如果�q�三个要素都满��的话�Q�则你就写出了一个完整事件的处理�?/p>
下面有个例子�Q�在vs.net2003 C#控制台应用程序编辑运行成功：
using System;

namespace CSharpConsole
{
public class 场景
{
  [STAThread]
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
   Console.WriteLine("场景开始了....");
   // 生成��王
   ��王 w = new ��王();
   // 生成��̎
   ��张 z = new ��张();

   // 指定监视
   z.PlayGame += new PlayGameHandler(w.扣钱);

   // 开始玩游戏
   z.玩游�?);

   console.writeline("场景�l�束...");
   Console.ReadLine();
  }
}

// 负责扣钱的�h
public class ��王
{
  public ��王()
  {
   Console.WriteLine("生成��王...");
  }

  public void 扣钱(object sender,EventArgs e)
  {
   Console.WriteLine("��王�Q�好��子�Q�上班时间胆敢玩游戏...");
   Console.WriteLine("��王�Q�看看你��子有多��钱...");
   ��张 f = (��张)sender;
   Console.WriteLine("��张的钱�Q?" + f.�?ToString());
   Console.WriteLine("开始扣�?.....");
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
   f.�?= f.�?- 500;
   Console.WriteLine("扣完�?...现在��张�q�剩下：" + f.�?ToString());
  }
}

// 如果玩游戏，则引发事�?br> public class ��张
{
  // 先定义一个事�Ӟ��q�个事�g表示“��张”在玩游戏�?br>  public event PlayGameHandler PlayGame;
  // 保存��张��q��变量
  private int m_Money;

  public ��张()
  {
   Console.WriteLine("生成��张....");
   m_Money = 1000; // 构造函敎ͼ�初始化小张的钱�?br>  }

  public int �?// 此属性可以操作小张的钱�?br>  {
   get
   {
    return m_Money;
   }
   set
   {
    m_Money = value;
   }
  }

  public void 玩游�?)
  {
   Console.WriteLine("��张开始玩游戏�?....");
   Console.WriteLine("��张:CS好玩�Q�哈哈哈�Q?我玩.....");
   System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
   System.EventArgs e = new EventArgs();
   OnPlayGame(e);
  }

  protected virtual void OnPlayGame(EventArgs e)
  {
   if(PlayGame != null)
   {
    PlayGame(this,e);
   }
  }
}

// 定义委托处理�E�序
public delegate void PlayGameHandler(object sender,System.EventArgs e);

}

谭文�?/a> 2007-05-12 20:00 发表评论

Windows函数错误处理

Sat, 24 Mar 2007 03:04:00 GMT
当调用一个Windows函数�Ӟ��它首先要��验传递给它的各个参数的有效性，然后再设法执行�Q�?如果传递一个无效参敎ͼ�或者由于某�U�原因无法执行这��Ҏ��作，那么操作�pȝ��׃��q�回一个��|��指明该函数在某种�E�度上运行失败了�?br>   Windows函数常用的返回值类�?
        void
        BOOL:0,�?,TURE,FALSE
        HANDLE:HANDLE,NULL,INVALID_HANDLE_VALID)
        PVOID:NULL,PVOID
        LONG/DWORD:具体函数而定
        ...
   Microsoft�~�译了一个所有可能的错误代码列表�Q��ƈ且�ؓ每个错误代码分配了一�?2位的��L��. WinError.h头文�?大约2万多�?包含了Micorsoft定义的错误代码列�?
   当一个Windows函数��到一个错误时�Q�它会��用线�E�本地存�?thread-local storage)机制�Q�将相应的错误代码号码与调用的线�E�关联�v�?�q�将使线�E�能够互相独立的�q�行,而不会媄响各自的错误代码.
   当函数返回时�Q�它的返回值就能指明是否有错误发生�Q�若有且要确定是什么错�?��需要调用DWORD GetLastError()函数,它返回线�E�的32位错误代�?Visual Studio有一个Error Lookup�E�序可用��错误代码的��L��换成相应文本描述.Windows�q�提供了一个函数FormatMessage可以��错误代码�{换成它的文本描述.
DWORD FormatMessage(
  DWORD dwFlags,      // source and processing options
  LPCVOID lpSource,   // message source
  DWORD dwMessageId,  // message identifier
  DWORD dwLanguageId, // language identifier
  LPTSTR lpBuffer,    // message buffer
  DWORD nSize,        // maximum size of message buffer
  va_list *Arguments  // array of message inserts
);
  我们也可以在自己的函��C��使用该机�?只需要��用VOID SetLastError(DWORD dwErrCode)函数卛_��,如果WinError.h中的��M��代码都不能正��地反映该错误的性质�Q�那么可以创��Z��自己的代码。错误代码的域的划分�?
�?nbsp;       31~30          29              28       27~16          15~0
内容      严重�?nbsp;     Microsoft/客户    保留     讑֤�代码      异常代码

含义      0=成功      0=MS定义的代�?nbsp;  必顺�?   由MS定义       由MS或客户定�?br>          1=参�?br>          2=警告      1=客户定义的代�?br>          3=错误

�?如果创徏自己的错误代码，必顺�?9位�ؓ1.

谭文�?/a> 2007-03-24 11:04 发表评论