浣嗗湪Linux涓嬶紝榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬶紝緋葷粺鏃墮棿鍜岀‖浠舵椂闂達紝騫朵笉浼氳嚜鍔ㄥ悓姝ャ傚湪Linux榪愯榪囩▼涓紝緋葷粺鏃墮棿鍜岀‖浠舵椂闂翠互寮傛鐨勬柟寮忚繍琛岋紝浜掍笉騫叉壈銆傜‖浠舵椂闂寸殑榪愯錛屾槸闈燘ios鐢墊睜鏉ョ淮鎸侊紝鑰岀郴緇熸椂闂達紝鏄敤CPU tick鏉ョ淮鎸佺殑銆?/p>
鍦ㄧ郴緇熷紑鏈虹殑鏃跺欙紝浼氳嚜鍔ㄤ粠Bios涓彇寰楃‖浠舵椂闂達紝璁劇疆涓虹郴緇熸椂闂淬?/p>
涓.Linux緋葷粺鏃墮棿鐨勮緗?/strong>
鍦↙inux涓緗郴緇熸椂闂達紝鍙互鐢╠ate鍛戒護錛?/p>
//鏌ョ湅鏃墮棿
[root@localhost ~]# date
2008騫?12鏈?12鏃?鏄熸湡浜?14:44:12 CST//淇敼鏃墮棿
[root@localhost ~]# date --set "1/1/09 00:01" <== 錛堟湀/鏃?騫存椂:鍒?縐掞級
2009騫?01鏈?01鏃?鏄熸湡鍥?00:01:00 CST//date 鏈夊嚑縐嶆椂闂存牸寮忓彲鎺ュ彈錛岃繖鏍蜂篃鍙互璁劇疆鏃墮棿錛?
[root@localhost ~]# date 012501012009.30 <== 鏈堟棩鏃跺垎騫?縐?br>2009騫?01鏈?25鏃?鏄熸湡鏃?01:01:30 CST
浜?Linux紜歡鏃墮棿鐨勮緗?/strong>
紜歡鏃墮棿鐨勮緗紝鍙互鐢╤wclock鎴栬卌lock鍛戒護銆傚叾涓紝clock鍜宧wclock鐢ㄦ硶鐩歌繎錛屽彧鐢ㄤ竴涓氨 琛岋紝鍙笉榪嘽lock鍛戒護闄や簡鏀寔x86紜歡浣撶郴澶栵紝榪樻敮鎸丄lpha紜歡浣撶郴銆?/p>
//鏌ョ湅紜歡鏃墮棿 鍙互鏄敤 hwclock 錛宧wclock --show 鎴栬?hwclock -r
[root@localhost ~]# hwclock --show
2008騫?2鏈?2鏃?鏄熸湡浜?06鏃?2鍒?7縐?nbsp; -0.376932 seconds
//璁劇疆紜歡鏃墮棿[root@localhost ~]# hwclock --set --date="1/25/09 00:00" <== 鏈?鏃?騫存椂:鍒?縐?br>[root@localhost ~]# hwclock
2009騫?1鏈?5鏃?鏄熸湡鏃?00鏃?0鍒?6縐?nbsp; -0.870868 seconds
涓?緋葷粺鏃墮棿鍜岀‖浠舵椂闂寸殑鍚屾
鍚屾緋葷粺鏃墮棿鍜岀‖浠舵椂闂達紝鍙互浣跨敤hwclock鍛戒護銆?/p>
//浠ョ郴緇熸椂闂翠負鍩哄噯錛屼慨鏀圭‖浠舵椂闂?/p>
[root@localhost ~]# hwclock --systohc <== sys錛堢郴緇熸椂闂達級to錛堝啓鍒幫級hc錛圚ard Clock錛?br>[root@localhost ~]# hwclock -w
//浠ョ‖浠舵椂闂翠負鍩哄噯錛屼慨鏀圭郴緇熸椂闂?/p>
[root@localhost ~]# hwclock --hctosys
[root@localhost ~]# hwclock -s
鍥?涓嶅悓鏈哄櫒涔嬮棿鐨勬椂闂村悓姝?/strong>
涓轟簡閬垮厤涓繪満鏃墮棿鍥犱負闀挎湡榪愪綔涓嬫墍瀵艱嚧鐨勬椂闂村亸宸紝榪涜鏃墮棿鍚屾(synchronize)鐨勫伐浣滄槸闈炲父蹇呰鐨勩侺inux緋葷粺涓嬶紝涓鑸嬌鐢╪tp鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ潵鍚屾涓嶅悓鏈哄櫒鐨勬椂闂淬備竴鍙版満鍣紝鍙互鍚屾椂鏄痭tp鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ拰ntp瀹㈡埛鏈恒傚湪緗戠粶涓紝鎺ㄨ崘浣跨敤鍍廌NS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ竴鏍峰垎灞傜殑鏃墮棿鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ潵鍚屾鏃墮棿銆?
鍚屾鏃墮棿錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╪tpdate鍛戒護錛屼篃鍙互浣跨敤ntpd鏈嶅姟銆?
浣跨敤ntpdate姣旇緝綆鍗曘傛牸寮忓涓嬶細
[root@linux ~]# ntpdate [-nv] [NTP IP/hostname]
[root@linux ~]# ntpdate 192.168.0.2
[root@linux ~]# ntpdate time.ntp.org
浣嗚繖鏍風殑鍚屾錛屽彧鏄己鍒舵х殑灝嗙郴緇熸椂闂磋緗負ntp鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ椂闂淬傚鏋渃pu tick鏈夐棶棰橈紝鍙槸娌繪爣涓嶆不鏈傛墍浠ワ紝涓鑸厤鍚坈ron鍛戒護錛屾潵榪涜瀹氭湡鍚屾璁劇疆銆傛瘮濡傦紝鍦╟rontab涓坊鍔狅細
0 12 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.0.1
榪欐牱錛屼細鍦ㄦ瘡澶╃殑12鐐規(guī)暣錛屽悓姝ヤ竴嬈℃椂闂淬俷tp鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ負192.168.0.1銆?
浣跨敤ntpd鏈嶅姟錛岃濂戒簬ntpdate鍔燾ron鐨勭粍鍚堛傚洜涓猴紝ntpdate鍚屾鏃墮棿錛屼細閫犳垚鏃墮棿鐨勮煩璺冿紝瀵逛竴浜涗緷璧栨椂闂寸殑紼嬪簭鍜屾湇鍔′細閫犳垚褰卞搷銆傛瘮濡俿leep錛宼imer絳夈傝屼笖錛宯tpd鏈嶅姟鍙互鍦ㄤ慨姝ｆ椂闂寸殑鍚屾椂錛屼慨姝pu tick銆傜悊鎯崇殑鍋氭硶涓猴紝鍦ㄥ紑鏈虹殑鏃跺欙紝浣跨敤ntpdate寮哄埗鍚屾鏃墮棿錛屽湪鍏朵粬鏃跺欎嬌鐢╪tpd鏈嶅姟鏉ュ悓姝ユ椂闂淬?
瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝ntpd 鏈変竴涓嚜鎴戜繚鎶よ緗? 濡傛灉鏈満涓庝笂婧愭椂闂寸浉宸お澶? ntpd 涓嶈繍琛? 鎵浠ユ柊璁劇疆鐨勬椂闂存湇鍔″櫒涓瀹氳鍏?ntpdate 浠庝笂婧愬彇寰楁椂闂村垵鍊? 鐒跺悗鍚姩 ntpd鏈嶅姟銆俷tpd鏈嶅姟 榪愯鍚? 鍏堟槸姣?4縐掍笌涓婃簮鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ悓姝ヤ竴嬈? 鏍規(guī)嵁姣忔鍚屾鏃舵祴寰楃殑璇樊鍊肩粡澶嶆潅璁＄畻閫愭璋冩暣鑷繁鐨勬椂闂? 闅忕潃璇樊鍑忓皬, 閫愭澧炲姞鍚屾鐨勯棿闅? 姣忔璺沖姩, 閮戒細閲嶅榪欎釜璋冩暣鐨勮繃紼?
浜?ntpd鏈嶅姟鐨勮緗?/strong>
ntpd鏈嶅姟鐨勭浉鍏寵緗枃浠跺涓嬶細
1./etc/ntp.conf錛氳繖涓槸NTP daemon鐨勪富瑕佽鏂囦歡錛屼篃鏄?NTP 鍞竴鐨勮瀹氭枃浠躲?
2./usr/share/zoneinfo/:鍦ㄨ繖涓洰褰曚笅鐨勬枃浠跺叾瀹炴槸瑙勫畾浜嗗悇涓昏鏃跺尯鐨勬椂闂磋瀹氭枃浠訛紝渚嬪鍖椾含鍦板尯鐨勬椂鍖鴻瀹氭枃浠跺湪 /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Beijing 灝辨槸浜嗐傝繖涓洰褰曢噷闈㈢殑鏂囦歡涓庡簳涓嬭璋堢殑涓や釜鏂囦歡(clock 涓巐ocaltime)鏄湁鍏崇郴鐨勩?
3./etc/sysconfig/clock錛氳繖涓枃浠跺叾瀹炰篃涓嶅寘鍚湪NTP 鐨?daemon 褰撲腑錛屽洜涓鴻繖涓槸 linux 鐨勪富瑕佹椂鍖鴻瀹氭枃浠躲傛瘡嬈″紑鏈哄悗錛孡inux 浼氳嚜鍔ㄧ殑璇誨彇榪欎釜鏂囦歡鏉ヨ瀹氳嚜宸辯郴緇熸墍榛樿瑕佹樉紺虹殑鏃墮棿銆?
4./etc/localtime錛氳繖涓枃浠跺氨鏄?#8220;鏈湴绔殑鏃墮棿閰嶇疆鏂囦歡”銆傚垰鍒氶偅涓猚lock 鏂囦歡閲岄潰瑙勫畾浜嗕嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏃墮棿璁劇疆鏂囦歡(ZONE) 涓?/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Beijing 錛屾墍浠ヨ錛岃繖灝辨槸鏈湴绔殑鏃墮棿浜嗭紝姝ゆ椂錛?Linux緋葷粺灝變細灝咮eijing閭ｄ釜鏂囦歡鍙﹀瓨涓轟竴浠?/etc/localtime鏂囦歡錛屾墍浠ユ湭鏉ユ垜浠殑鏃墮棿鏄劇ず灝變細浠eijing閭ｄ釜鏃墮棿璁懼畾鏂囦歡涓哄噯銆?
5. /etc/timezone錛氱郴緇熸椂鍖烘枃浠?
涓嬮潰閲嶇偣璇磋 /etc/ntp.conf鏂囦歡鐨勮緗傚湪 NTP Server 鐨勮瀹氫笂闈紝鍏跺疄鏈濂戒笉瑕佸 Internet 鏃犻檺鍒剁殑寮鏀撅紝灝介噺浠呮彁渚涙?zhèn)ㄨ嚜宸卞唴閮ㄧ?Client 绔仈鏈鴻繘琛岀綉緇滄牎鏃跺氨濂姐傛澶栵紝 NTP Server 鎬諱篃鏄渶瑕佺綉緇滀笂闈㈣緝涓哄噯紜殑涓繪満鏉ヨ嚜琛屾洿鏂拌嚜宸辯殑鏃墮棿鍟婏紝鎵浠ュ湪鎴戜滑鐨?NTP Server 涓婇潰涔熻鎵句竴閮ㄦ渶闈犺繎鑷繁鐨?Time Server 鏉ヨ繘琛岃嚜鎴戞牎姝ｃ備簨瀹炰笂錛?NTP 榪欎釜鏈嶅姟涔熸槸 Server/Client 鐨勪竴縐嶆ā寮忋?
[root@linux ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf
# 1. 鍏充簬鏉冮檺璁懼畾閮ㄥ垎
#銆銆 鏉冮檺鐨勮瀹氫富瑕佷互 restrict 榪欎釜鍙傛暟鏉ヨ瀹氾紝涓昏鐨勮娉曚負錛?
# 銆銆restrict IP mask netmask_IP parameter
# 銆銆鍏朵腑 IP 鍙互鏄蔣浠跺湴鍧錛屼篃鍙互鏄?default 錛宒efault 灝辯被浼?0.0.0.0
#銆銆 鑷充簬 paramter 鍒欐湁錛?
#銆銆銆ignore銆錛氬叧闂墍鏈夌殑 NTP 鑱旀満鏈嶅姟
#銆銆銆nomodify錛氳〃紺?Client 绔笉鑳芥洿鏀?Server 绔殑鏃墮棿鍙傛暟錛屼笉榪囷紝#銆銆銆Client 绔粛鐒跺彲浠ラ忚繃 Server 绔潵榪涜緗戠粶鏍℃椂銆?
#銆銆銆notrust 錛氳 Client 闄ら潪閫氳繃璁よ瘉錛屽惁鍒欒 Client 鏉ユ簮灝嗚瑙嗕負涓嶄俊浠葷綉鍩?
#銆銆銆noquery 錛氫笉鎻愪緵 Client 绔殑鏃墮棿鏌ヨ#銆銆銆notrap 錛氫笉鎻愪緵trap榪欎釜榪滅▼浜嬩歡鐧誨叆
#銆銆濡傛灉 paramter 瀹屽叏娌℃湁璁懼畾錛岄偅灝辮〃紺鴻 IP (鎴栫綉鍩?“娌℃湁浠諱綍闄愬埗”
restrict default nomodify notrap noquery銆# 鍏抽棴鎵鏈夌殑 NTP 瑕佹眰灝佸寘
restrict 127.0.0.1銆銆銆 #榪欐槸鍏佽鏈駭鏌ヨ
restrict 192.168.0.1 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify
#鍦?92.168.0.1/24緗戞鍐呯殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ氨鍙互閫氳繃榪欏彴NTP Server榪涜鏃墮棿鍚屾浜?
# 2. 涓婂眰涓繪満鐨勮瀹?
#銆銆瑕佽瀹氫笂灞備富鏈轟富瑕佷互 server 榪欎釜鍙傛暟鏉ヨ瀹氾紝璇硶涓猴細
#銆銆server [IP|HOST Name] [prefer]
#銆銆Server 鍚庨潰鎺ョ殑灝辨槸鎴戜滑涓婂眰 Time Server 鍟幫紒鑰屽鏋?Server 鍙傛暟
#銆銆鍚庨潰鍔犱笂 perfer 鐨勮瘽錛岄偅琛ㄧず鎴戜滑鐨?NTP 涓繪満涓昏浠ヨ閮ㄤ富鏈烘潵浣滀負
#銆銆鏃墮棿鏍℃鐨勫搴斻傚彟澶栵紝涓轟簡瑙ｅ喅鏇存柊鏃墮棿灝佸寘鐨勪紶閫佸歡榪熷姩浣滐紝
#銆銆鎵浠ュ彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?driftfile 鏉ヨ瀹氭垜浠殑涓繪満
#銆銆鍦ㄤ笌 Time Server 娌熼氭椂鎵鑺辮垂鐨勬椂闂達紝鍙互璁板綍鍦?driftfile
#銆銆鍚庨潰鎺ョ殑鏂囦歡鍐咃紝渚嬪涓嬮潰鐨勮寖渚嬩腑錛屾垜浠殑 NTP server 涓?nbsp;
#銆銆cn.pool.ntp.org鑱旀満鏃舵墍鑺辮垂鐨勬椂闂翠細璁板綍鍦?/etc/ntp/drift鏂囦歡鍐?
server 0.pool.ntp.orgserver 1.pool.ntp.org
server 2.pool.ntp.org
server cn.pool.ntp.org prefer
#鍏朵粬璁劇疆鍊鹼紝浠ョ郴緇熼粯璁ゅ煎嵆鍙?
server 127.127.1.0 # local clock
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
broadcastdelay 0.008
keys /etc/ntp/keys
鎬葷粨涓涓嬶紝restrict鐢ㄦ潵璁劇疆璁塊棶鏉冮檺錛宻erver鐢ㄦ潵璁劇疆涓婂眰鏃墮棿鏈嶅姟鍣紝driftfile鐢ㄦ潵璁劇疆淇濆瓨婕傜Щ鏃墮棿鐨勬枃浠躲?
鍏?ntp鏈嶅姟鐨勫惎鍔ㄤ笌瑙傚療
鍦ㄥ惎鍔∟TP鏈嶅姟鍓嶏紝鍏堝鎻愪緵鏈嶅姟鐨勮繖鍙頒富鏈烘墜鍔ㄧ殑鏍℃涓嬈℃椂闂村挴銆傦紙鍥犱負鍚姩鏈嶅姟鍣紝绔彛浼氳鏈嶅姟绔崰鐢紝灝變笉鑳芥墜鍔ㄥ悓姝ユ椂闂翠簡錛?
[root@linux ~] # ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
25 Apr 14:33:51 ntpdate[8310]: step time server 80.85.129.2 offset 6.655976 sec
鐒跺悗錛屽惎鍔╪tpd鏈嶅姟錛?
[root@linux ~] # service ntpd start
鎴?[root@linux ~] # /etc/init.d/ntpd start
鏌ョ湅绔彛錛?
[root@linux ~] # netstat -ln|grep 123
udp 0 0 192.168.228.153:123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 :::123 :::*
濡備綍紜鎴戜滑鐨凬TP鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ凡緇忔洿鏂頒簡鑷繁鐨勬椂闂村憿錛?
[root@linux ~] # ntpstat
synchronized to NTP server(127.127.1.0) at stratum 11
time correct to within 950ms
polling server every 64 s
#鏀規(guī)寚浠ゅ彲鍒楀嚭NTP鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ槸鍚︿笌涓婂眰鑱旀満銆傜敱涓婅堪杈撳嚭緇撴灉鍙煡錛屾椂闂存牎姝ｇ害
#涓?50*10(-6)縐掋備笖姣忛殧64縐掍細涓誨姩鏇存柊鏃墮棿銆?
甯歌鐨勯敊璇細
25 Apr 15:30:17 ntpdate[11520]: no server suitable for synchronization found
鍏跺疄錛岃繖涓嶆槸涓涓敊璇傝屾槸鐢變簬姣忔閲嶅惎NTP鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ箣鍚庡ぇ綰﹁3錛?鍒嗛挓瀹㈡埛绔墠鑳戒笌server寤虹珛姝ｅ父鐨勯氳榪炴帴銆傚綋姝ゆ椂鐢ㄥ鎴風榪炴帴鏈嶅姟绔氨浼氭姤榪欐牱鐨勪俊鎭備竴鑸瓑寰呭嚑鍒嗛挓灝卞彲浠ヤ簡銆?
[root@linux ~] # ntptrace –n 127.0.0.1
127.0.0.1:stratum 11, offset 0.000000錛宻ynch distance 0.950951
222.73.214.125錛歴tratum 2錛宱ffset –0.000787錛宻ynch distance 0.108575
209.81.9.7:stratum 1錛宱ffset 0.000028錛宻ynch distance 0.00436錛宺efid ‘GPS’
#榪欎釜鎸囦護鍙互鍒楀嚭鐩墠NTP鏈嶅姟鍣紙絎竴灞傦級涓庝笂灞侼TP鏈嶅姟鍣紙絎簩灞傦級褰兼涔嬮棿鐨?
#鍏崇郴
[root@linux ~] # ntpq –p
鎸囦護“ntpq -p”鍙互鍒楀嚭鐩墠鎴戜滑鐨凬TP涓庣浉鍏崇殑涓婂眰NTP鐨勭姸鎬侊紝浠ヤ笂鐨勫嚑涓瓧孌電殑鎰忎箟濡備笅錛?
remote錛氬嵆NTP涓繪満鐨処P鎴栦富鏈哄悕縐般傛敞鎰忔渶宸﹁竟鐨勭鍙鳳紝濡傛灉鐢?#8220;+”鍒欎唬琛ㄧ洰鍓嶆鍦ㄤ綔鐢ㄩ挓鐨勪笂灞侼TP錛屽鏋滄槸“*”鍒欒〃紺轟篃鏈夎繛涓婄嚎錛屼笉榪囨槸浣滀負嬈¤鑱旀満鐨凬TP涓繪満銆?
refid錛氬弬鑰冪殑涓婁竴灞侼TP涓繪満鐨勫湴鍧
st錛氬嵆stratum闃跺眰
when錛氬嚑縐掑墠鏇懼仛榪囨椂闂村悓姝ユ洿鏂扮殑鎿嶄綔
poll錛氫笅嬈℃洿鏂板湪鍑犵涔嬪悗
reach錛氬凡緇忓悜涓婂眰NTP鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ姹傛洿鏂扮殑嬈℃暟
delay錛氱綉緇滀紶杈撹繃紼嬮挓寤惰繜鐨勬椂闂?
offset錛氭椂闂磋ˉ鍋跨殑緇撴灉
jitter錛歀inux緋葷粺鏃墮棿涓嶣IOS紜歡鏃墮棿鐨勫樊寮傛椂闂?
鏈鍚庢彁鍙婁竴鐐癸紝ntp鏈嶅姟錛岄粯璁ゅ彧浼氬悓姝ョ郴緇熸椂闂淬傚鏋滄兂瑕佽ntp鍚屾椂鍚屾紜歡鏃墮棿錛屽彲浠ヨ緗?etc/sysconfig/ntpd 鏂囦歡銆?
鍦?etc/sysconfig/ntpd鏂囦歡涓紝娣誨姞 SYNC_HWCLOCK=yes 榪欐牱錛屽氨鍙互璁╃‖浠舵椂闂翠笌緋葷粺鏃墮棿涓璧峰悓姝ャ?/p>