锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
{鍏抽敭瀛梷
嫻嬭瘯椹卞姩寮鍙?Test Driven Development/TDD
嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥/TestCase/TC
璁捐/Design
閲嶆瀯/Refactoring
{TDD鐨勭洰鏍噠
Clean Code That Works
榪欏彞璇濈殑鍚箟鏄紝浜嬪疄涓婃垜浠彧鍋氫袱浠朵簨鎯咃細(xì)璁╀唬鐮佸鏁堬紙Work錛夊拰璁╀唬鐮佹磥鍑錛圕lean錛夛紝鍓嶈呮槸鎶婁簨鎯呭仛瀵癸紝鍚庤呮槸鎶婁簨鎯呭仛濂姐傛兂鎯崇湅錛屽叾瀹炴垜浠鉤鏃舵墍鍋氱殑鎵鏈夊伐浣滐紝闄ゅ幓鏃犵敤鐨勫伐浣滃拰閿欒鐨勫伐浣滀互澶栵紝鐪熸姝g‘鐨勫伐浣滐紝騫朵笖鏄湡姝f湁鎰忎箟鐨勫伐浣滐紝鍏跺疄涔熷氨鍙湁涓ゅぇ綾伙細(xì)澧炲姞鍔熻兘鍜屾彁鍗囪璁★紝鑰孴DD 姝f槸鍦ㄨ繖涓師鍒欎笂浜х敓鐨勩傚鏋滄?zhèn)ㄧ殑宸ヤ綔迤堥潪鎴戜滑鎯宠薄鐨剺q欐牱錛岋紙榪欐剰鍛崇潃鎮(zhèn)ㄨ繕瀛樺湪絎笁綾繪紜湁鎰忎箟鐨勫伐浣滐紝鎴栬呮?zhèn)ㄦ墍瑕佸仛鐨勬牴鏈拰鎴戜滑鍦ㄨ鐨勬槸涓ゅ洖浜嬶級(jí)錛岄偅涔堣繖鍛婅瘔鎴戜滑鎮(zhèn)ㄥ茍涓嶉渶瑕乀DD錛屾垨鑰呬笉閫傜敤TDD銆傝屽鏋滄垜浠伓鐒剁寽瀵癸紙榪欏浜庢垜鏉ヨ鏄伓鐒?dòng)灱岃屽浜嶬ent Beck鍜孧artin Fowler榪欐牱鐨勫ぇ甯堟潵璇村垯鏄緵鍕ゅ伐浣滅殑鎴愭灉錛夛紝閭d箞鎭枩鎮(zhèn)紝TDD鏈夊彲鑳芥垚涓烘?zhèn)ㄦ樉钁楁彁鍗囧伐浣滄晥鐜囩殑涓浠舵硶瀹濄傝涓嶈灝嗕俊灝嗙枒錛岃嫢鍗寵嫢紱伙紝鍥犱負(fù)浠諱綍涓欏規(guī)柊鐨勬妧鏈斺斿彧瑕佹槸浠庢牴鏈笂鏀瑰彉浜虹殑琛屼負(fù)鏂瑰紡鐨勬妧鏈斺斿氨蹇呯劧浣垮緱鐩鎬俊瀹冪殑浜鴻秺鏉ヨ秺鐩鎬俊錛屼笉淇$殑浜鴻秺鏉ヨ秺涓嶄俊銆傝繖灝卞ソ姣斿娓告吵錛屽敮涓鑳藉浼?xì)娓告吵鐨勯斿緞灝辨槸浜茶嚜涓嬪幓娓革紝闄ゆ涔嬪鍒棤浠栨硶銆傝繖涔熷ソ姣旀垚鍔熷錛屽嵆浣挎妸鍗¤愬熀鎴栧笇灝?dāng)鍗氬+鐨勪功鍊掕儗濡傛祦涔熶笉鑳芥嫢鏈夌Н鏋佺殑蹇?jī)鎬侊紝鍙綋浣犱互縐瀬鐨勫績(jī)鎬佸幓鎴愬氨浜?jiǎn)涓鐣簨涓氫箣鍚庯紝浣犲氨鍐嶄篃紱諱笉寮瀹冧簡(jiǎn)銆傜浉淇℃垜錛孴DD涔熸槸榪欐牱錛佹兂璇曠敤TDD鐨勪漢浠紝璇烽伒寰笅闈㈢殑姝ラ錛?/p>
緙栧啓TestCase --> 瀹炵幇TestCase --> 閲嶆瀯 錛堢‘瀹氳寖鍥村拰鐩爣錛?/td> 錛堝鍔犲姛鑳斤級(jí) 錛堟彁鍗囪璁★級(jí)
[鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず錛氭晱鎹峰緩妯′腑鐨勪竴涓浉褰撻噸瑕佺殑瀹炶返琚О涓猴細(xì)Prove it With Code錛岃繖縐嶆兂娉曞拰TDD涓嶈皨鑰屽悎銆俔
{TDD鐨勪紭鐐箎
銆庡厖婊″惛寮曞姏鐨勪紭鐐廣?/strong>
銆庝笉鏄捐屾槗瑙佺殑浼樼偣銆?/strong>
銆庢湁浜夎鐨勪紭鐐廣?/strong>
緙栧啓TestCase --> 瀹炵幇TestCase --> 閲嶆瀯 錛堜笉鍙繍琛岋級(jí) 錛堝彲榪愯錛?/td> 錛堥噸鏋勶級(jí)
| 姝ラ | 鍒跺搧 |
| 錛?錛夊揩閫熸柊澧炰竴涓祴璇曠敤渚?/td> | 鏂扮殑TestCase |
| 錛?錛夌紪璇戞墍鏈変唬鐮侊紝鍒氬垰鍐欑殑閭d釜嫻嬭瘯寰堝彲鑳界紪璇戜笉閫氳繃 | 鍘熷鐨凾ODO List |
| 錛?錛夊仛灝藉彲鑳藉皯鐨勬敼鍔紝璁╃紪璇戦氳繃 | Interface |
| 錛?錛夎繍琛屾墍鏈夌殑嫻嬭瘯錛屽彂鐜版渶鏂扮殑嫻嬭瘯涓嶈兘緙栬瘧閫氳繃 | 錛?Red Bar) |
| 錛?錛夊仛灝藉彲鑳藉皯鐨勬敼鍔紝璁╂祴璇曢氳繃 | Implementation |
| 錛?錛夎繍琛屾墍鏈夌殑嫻嬭瘯錛屼繚璇佹瘡涓兘鑳介氳繃 | 錛?Green Bar) |
| 錛?錛夐噸鏋勪唬鐮侊紝浠ユ秷闄ら噸澶嶈璁?/td> | Clean Code That Works |
{FAQ}
[浠涔堟椂鍊欓噸鏋勶紵]
濡傛灉鎮(zhèn)ㄥ湪杞歡鍏徃宸ヤ綔錛屽氨鎰忓懗鐫鎮(zhèn)ㄦ垚澶╅兘浼?xì)鍜屾兂閫氳繃閲嶆瀯鏀瑰杽浠g爜璐ㄩ噺鐨勬兂娉曟墦浜ら亾錛屼笉浠呮?zhèn)ㄥ姝ゅQ屾?zhèn)ㄧ殑澶ч儴鍒嗗悓浜嬩篃閮藉姝ゃ傚彲鏄紝絀剁珶浠涔堟椂鍊欒閲嶆瀯錛屼粈涔堟儏鍐典笅搴旇閲嶆瀯鍛紵鎴戠浉淇℃?zhèn)ㄥ拰鎮(zhèn)ㄧ殑鍚屼簨鍙兘鏈夊緢澶氫笉鍚岀殑鐪嬫硶锛屾渶甯歌鐨勭瓟妗堟槸“璇ラ噸鏋勬椂閲嶆瀯”錛?#8220;鍐欎笉涓嬪幓鐨勬椂鍊欓噸鏋?#8221;錛屽拰“涓嬩竴嬈¤凱浠e紑濮嬩箣鍓嶉噸鏋?#8221;錛屾垨鑰呭共鑴嗗氨鏄?#8220;鏈榪戞病鏃墮棿錛屽氨涓嶉噸鏋勪簡(jiǎn)錛屼笅嬈℃湁鏃墮棿鐨勬椂鍊欓噸鏋勫惂”銆傛濡傛?zhèn)ㄥ凡缁忛瑙佸埌鎴戞儗櫙寸殑鈥斺旇繖浜涙兂娉曢兘鏄閲嶆瀯鐨勮瑙c傞噸鏋勪笉鏄竴縐嶆瀯寤鴻蔣浠剁殑宸ュ叿錛屼笉鏄竴縐嶈璁¤蔣浠剁殑妯″紡錛屼篃涓嶆槸涓涓蔣浠跺紑鍙戣繃紼嬩腑鐨勭幆鑺傦紝姝g‘鐞嗚В閲嶆瀯鐨勪漢搴旇鎶婇噸鏋勭湅鎴愪竴縐嶄功鍐欎唬鐮佺殑鏂瑰紡錛屾垨涔?fàn)鎯Q岄噸鏋勬椂鏃跺埢鍒繪湁鍙兘鍙戠敓銆傚湪TDD涓紝闄ゅ幓緙栧啓嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鍜屽疄鐜版祴璇曠敤渚嬩箣澶栫殑鎵鏈夊伐浣滈兘鏄噸鏋勶紝鎵浠ワ紝娌℃湁閲嶆瀯浠諱綍璁捐閮戒笉鑳藉疄鐜般傝嚦浜庝粈涔堟椂鍊欓噸鏋勫槢錛岃繕瑕佸垎寮鐪嬶紝鏈変笁鍙ヨ瘽鏄垜鐨勭粡楠岋細(xì)瀹炵幇嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鏃墮噸鏋勪唬鐮侊紝瀹屾垚鏌愪釜鐗規(guī)ф椂閲嶆瀯璁捐錛屼駭鍝佺殑閲嶆瀯瀹屾垚鍚庤繕瑕佽寰楅噸鏋勪竴涓嬫祴璇曠敤渚嬪摝銆?/p>
[浠涔堟椂鍊欒璁★紵]
榪欎釜闂姣斿墠闈竴涓闅懼洖絳旂殑澶氾紝瀹炶瘽瀹炶錛屾湰浜哄湪渚濈収TDD寮鍙戣蔣浠剁殑鏃跺欎篃甯稿父琚繖涓棶棰樺洶鎵幫紝鎬繪槸瑙夊緱鏈変簺闂搴旇鍦ㄥ啓嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥涔嬪墠瀹氫笅鏉ワ紝鑰屾湁浜涢棶棰樺簲璇ュ湪鏂板涓涓竴涓祴璇曠敤渚嬬殑榪囩▼涓嚜鐒跺嚭鐜幫紝姘村埌娓犳垚銆傛墍浠ワ紝鎴戠殑寤鴻鏄紝璁捐鐨勬椂鏈哄簲璇ョ敱寮鍙戣呰嚜宸辨妸鎻★紝涓嶈鍙楀埌TDD鏂瑰紡鐨勯檺鍒訛紝浣嗘槸錛屼笉闇瑕佷簨鍏堢‘瀹氱殑浜嬩竴瀹氫笉鑳戒簨鍏堢‘瀹氾紝鍏嶅緱鎹嗕綇浜?jiǎn)鑷忿q殑鎵嬭剼銆?/p>
[浠涔堟椂鍊欏鍔犳柊鐨凾estCase錛焆
娌′簨鍋氱殑鏃跺欍傞氬父鎴戜滑璁や負(fù)錛屽鏋滀綘瑕佸鍔犱竴涓柊鐨勫姛鑳斤紝閭d箞鍏堝啓涓涓笉鑳介氳繃鐨?TestCase錛涘鏋滀綘鍙戠幇浜?jiǎn)涓涓猙ug錛岄偅涔堝厛鍐欎竴涓笉鑳介氳繃鐨凾estCase錛涘鏋滀綘鐜板湪浠涔堥兘娌℃湁錛屼粠0寮濮嬶紝璇峰厛鍐欎竴涓笉鑳介氳繃鐨?TestCase銆傛墍鏈夌殑宸ヤ綔閮芥槸浠庝竴涓猅estCase寮濮嬨傛澶栵紝榪樿娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸錛屼竴浜涘ぇ甯堣姹傛垜浠瘡嬈″彧鍏佽鏈変竴涓猅estCase浜孩鐏紝鍦ㄨ繖涓?TestCase娌℃湁Green涔嬪墠涓嶅彲浠ュ啓鍒殑TestCase錛岃繖縐嶈姹傚彲浠ラ傚綋鑰冭檻錛屼絾鍗充嬌鏈夊涓猅estCase浜孩鐏篃涓嶈绱э紝騫舵湭榪濆弽TDD 鐨勪富瑕佺簿紲炪?/p>
[TestCase璇ユ庝箞鍐欙紵]
嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鐨勭紪鍐欏疄闄呬笂灝辨槸涓や釜榪囩▼錛氫嬌鐢ㄥ皻涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑浠g爜鍜屽畾涔夎繖浜涗唬鐮佺殑鎵ц緇撴灉銆傛墍浠ヤ竴涓?TestCase涔熷氨搴旇鍖呮嫭涓や釜閮ㄥ垎鈥斺斿満鏅拰鏂█銆傜涓嬈″啓TestCase鐨勪漢浼?xì)鏈夊緢澶х殑涓嶉傚簲鐨勬劅瑙夛紝鍥犱負(fù)浣犱箣鍓嶆墍鍐欑殑鎵鏈変笢瑗塊兘鏄湪瑙e喅闂錛岀幇鍦ㄨ浣犳彁鍑洪棶棰樼‘瀹炰笉澶т範(fàn)鎯紝涓嶈繃涓嶇敤鎷呭績(jī)錛屼綘姝e湪鍋氭紜殑浜嬫儏錛岃岃繖涓笘鐣屼笂鏈闅劇殑浜嬫儏涔熶笉鍦ㄤ簬濡備綍瑙e喅闂錛岃屽湪浜巃sk the right question錛?/p>
[TDD鑳藉府鍔╂垜娑堥櫎Bug鍚楋紵]
絳旓細(xì)涓嶈兘錛佸崈涓囦笉瑕佹妸“嫻嬭瘯”鍜?#8220;闄よ櫕”娣蜂負(fù)涓璋堬紒“闄よ櫕”鏄寚紼嬪簭鍛橀氳繃鑷繁鐨勫姫鍔涙潵鍑忓皯bug鐨勬暟閲忥紙娑堥櫎bug榪欐牱鐨勫瓧鐪兼垜浠繕鏄笉瑕佽涓哄ソ^_^錛夛紝鑰?#8220;嫻嬭瘯”鏄寚紼嬪簭鍛樹功鍐欎駭鍝佷互澶栫殑涓孌典唬鐮佹潵紜繚浜у搧鑳芥湁鏁堝伐浣溿傝櫧鐒禩DD鎵緙栧啓鐨勬祴璇曠敤渚嬪湪涓瀹氱▼搴︿笂涓哄鎵綽ug鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)渚濇嵁锛屼絾浜嬪疄涓婂Q屾寜鐓DD鐨勬柟寮忚繘琛岀殑杞歡寮鍙戞槸涓嶅彲鑳介氳繃TDD鍐嶆壘鍒癰ug鐨勶紙鎯蟲兂鎴戜滑鍓嶉潰璇寸殑“瀹屽伐鏃跺畬宸?#8221;錛夛紝浣犳兂鍟婏紝褰撴垜浠殑浠g爜瀹屾垚鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鎵鏈夌殑嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥閮戒寒浜?jiǎn)缁跨伅锛寴q欐椂闅愯棌鍦ㄤ唬鐮佷腑鐨刡ug涓涓兘涓嶄細(xì)闇插嚭椹剼鏉ャ?/p>
浣嗘槸錛屽鏋滆闂?#8220;嫻嬭瘯”鍜?#8220;闄よ櫕”涔嬮棿鏈変粈涔堣仈緋伙紝鎴戠浉淇¤繕鏄湁寰堝璇濆彲浠ヨ鐨勶紝姣斿TDD浜嬪疄涓婂噺灝戜簡(jiǎn)bug鐨勬暟閲忥紝鎶婃煡鎵綽ug鎴樺焦鐨勫叧娉ㄧ偣浠庡叏綰挎垬鍦烘彁鍗囧埌浠g爜鎴樺満浠ヤ笂銆傝繕鏈夛紝bug鐨勬渶鍙曚箣澶勪笉鍦ㄤ簬闅愯棌涔嬫繁錛岃屽湪浜庢弧澶╅亶閲庛傚鏋滀綘鍙戠幇浜?jiǎn)涓涓敤鎴峰緢涓嶅鏄撴墠鑳藉彂鐜扮殑bug錛岄偅涔堜笉涓瀹氬宸ヤ綔鍋氬嚭浜?jiǎn)浠涔堟澃鍑鴻礎(chǔ)鐚紝浣嗘槸濡傛灉浣犲彂鐜頒竴孌典唬鐮佷腑錛宐ug鐨勫瘑搴︽垨紱繪暎紼嬪害榪囬珮錛岄偅涔堟伃鍠滀綘錛屼綘搴旇鎶涘純騫墮噸鍐欒繖孌典唬鐮佷簡(jiǎn)銆俆DD閬垮厤浜?jiǎn)杩櫩U嶆儏鍐碉紝鎵浠ュ皢瀵繪壘bug鐨勫伐浣滈檷浣庡埌浜?jiǎn)涓涓柊鐨勪綆搴︺?/p>
[鎴戣涓轟竴涓狥eature緙栧啓TestCase榪樻槸涓轟竴涓被緙栧啓TestCase錛焆
鍒濆鑰呭父闂殑闂銆傝櫧鐒舵垜浠粠TDD 鐨勮鏄庝功涓婄湅鍒板簲璇ヤ負(fù)涓涓壒鎬х紪鍐欑浉搴旂殑TestCase錛屼絾涓轟粈涔堣憲鍚嶇殑TDD澶у笀鎵鍐欑殑TestCase閮芥槸鍜岀被/鏂規(guī)硶涓涓瀵瑰簲鐨勫憿錛熶負(fù)浜?jiǎn)瑙i噴杩欎釜闂锛屾垜鍜屾垜鐨勫悓浜嬩滑閮藉仛浜?jiǎn)寰堝璇曢獙錛屾渶鍚庢垜浠緱鍒頒簡(jiǎn)涓涓粨璁猴紝铏界劧鎴戜笉鐭ラ亾鏄惁姝g‘錛屼絾鏄鏋滄?zhèn)ㄦ病鏈壗{旀錛屽彲浠ュ涓旂浉淇℃垜浠?/p>
鎴戜滑鐨勭爺絀剁粨鏋滆〃鏄庯紝閫氬父鍦ㄤ竴涓壒鎬х殑寮鍙戝紑濮嬫椂錛屾垜浠拡瀵圭壒鎬х紪鍐欐祴璇曠敤渚嬶紝濡傛灉鎮(zhèn)ㄥ彂鐜拌繖涓壒鎬ф棤娉曠敤TestCase琛ㄨ揪錛岄偅涔堣灝嗚繖涓壒鎬х粏鍒嗭紝鐩磋嚦鎮(zhèn)ㄥ彲浠ヤ負(fù)鎵嬩笂鐨勭壒鎬у啓鍑篢estCase涓烘銆備粠榪欓噷寮濮嬫槸鏈瀹夊叏鐨勶紝瀹冧笉浼?xì)瀵艰嚧鋼Q浣曡璁′笂閲嶅ぇ鐨勫け璇備絾鏄紝闅忕潃鎮(zhèn)ㄤ笉鏂殑閲嶆瀯浠g爜錛屼笉鏂殑閲嶆瀯 TestCase錛屼笉鏂殑渚濇嵁TDD鐨勬濇兂鍋氫笅鍘伙紝鏈鍚庡綋浜у搧浼撮殢嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥闆嗕竴璧峰彂甯冪殑鏃跺欙紝鎮(zhèn)ㄥ氨浼?xì)涓嵕l忔剰鐨勫彂鐜扮粡榪囬噸鏋勪互鍚庣殑嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥寰堝彲鑳芥槸鍜屼駭鍝佷腑鐨勭被/鏂規(guī)硶涓涓瀵瑰簲鐨勩?/p>
[浠涔堟椂鍊欏簲璇ュ皢鍏ㄩ儴嫻嬭瘯閮借繍琛屼竴閬嶏紵]
Good Question錛佸ぇ甯堜滑瑕佹眰鎴戜滑姣忔閲嶆瀯涔嬪悗閮借瀹屾暣鐨勮繍琛屼竴閬嶆祴璇曠敤渚嬨傝繖涓姹傚彲浠ョ悊瑙o紝鍥犱負(fù)閲嶆瀯寰堝彲鑳戒細(xì)鏀瑰彉鏁翠釜浠g爜鐨勭粨鏋勬垨璁捐錛屼粠鑰屽鑷翠笉鍙瑙佺殑鍚庢灉錛屼絾鏄鏋滄垜姝e湪寮鍙戠殑鏄竴涓狤RP鎬庝箞鍔烇紵榪愯涓閬嶅畬鏁寸殑嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鍙兘灝嗚姳璐規(guī)暟涓皬鏃訛紝鍐典笖鐜板湪寰堝閲嶆瀯閮芥槸鐢卞伐鍏峰仛鍒扮殑錛岃繖涓姹傜殑鍙鎬у拰鍓嶆彁鏉′歡閮芥湁鎵鍔ㄦ憞銆傛墍浠ユ垜璁や負(fù)鍘熷垯涓婁綘鍙互鎸戝嚑涓綘瑙夊緱鍙兘鍙楀埌鏈閲嶆瀯褰卞搷鐨凾estCase鍘籸un錛屼絾鏄鏋滆繍琛屾暣涓祴璇曞寘鍙鑺辮垂鏁扮鐨勬椂闂達(dá)紝閭d箞涓嶄粙鎰忎綘鎸夊ぇ甯堢殑瑕佹眰鍘誨仛銆?/p>
[浠涔堟椂鍊欐敼榪涗竴涓猅estCase錛焆
澧炲姞鐨勬祴璇曠敤渚嬫垨閲嶆瀯浠ュ悗鐨勪唬鐮佸鑷翠簡(jiǎn)鍘熸潵鐨凾estCase鐨勫け鍘諱簡(jiǎn)鏁堟灉錛屽彉寰楁棤鎰忎箟錛岀敋鑷沖彲鑳藉鑷撮敊璇殑緇撴灉錛岃繖鏃舵槸鏀硅繘TestCase鐨勬渶濂芥椂鏈恒備絾鏄湁鏃朵綘浼?xì)鍙戠帋图寴q欐牱鍋氫粎浠呭鑷翠簡(jiǎn)鍘熸潵鐨凾estCase鍦ㄨ璁′笂鏄噧鑲跨殑錛屾垨鑰呮槸鍐椾綑鐨勶紝榪欓兘涓嶈绱э紝鍙瀹冩病鏈夊け鏁堬紝浣犱粛鐒朵笉鐢ㄥ幓鏀硅繘瀹冦傝浣忥紝TestCase涓嶆槸浣犵殑浜у搧錛屽畠涓嶈濂界湅錛屼篃涓嶈鎬庝箞澶瀛︼紝鐢氳嚦娌℃湁鎬ц兘瑕佹眰錛屽畠鍙鑳藉畬鎴愬畠鐨勪嬌鍛藉氨鍙互浜?jiǎn)鈥斺旇繖涔熻瘉鏄庝簡(jiǎn)鎴戜滑鍚庨潰鎵璇寸殑“鐢–trl-C/Ctrl-V緙栧啓嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥”鐨勫彲琛屾с?/p>
浣嗘槸錛岀編鍥戒漢鐨勬兂娉曞叾瀹炶窡鎴戜滑榪樻槸涓嶅お涓鏍鳳紝鎷挎墭灝煎反璧炵殑MindMap鏉ヨ鍚э紝鍏跺疄鐢籑indMap鍙槸涓轟簡(jiǎn)琛ㄧ幇鑷繁鐨勬濊礬錛屾垨璁板繂鏌愪簺閲嶈鐨勪簨鎯咃紝浣嗘墭灝煎嵈寤鴻澶у鎶奙indMap鐢繪垚涓浠惰壓鏈搧錛岀敋鑷寵繕鏈夊緢澶氳壓鏈鎶婅嚜宸辯敾鐨勬娊璞℃淳MindMap鎷垮嚭鏉ュ府鍔╂墭灝煎仛瀹d紶銆傚悓鏍鳳紝澶у笀浠篃瑕佹眰鎴戜滑鎶奣estCase鍐欑殑璺熶唬鐮佷竴鏍瘋川閲忕簿鑹紝鍙垜鎯寵鐨勬槸錛岀幇鍦ㄥ浗鍐呮湁鍑犱釜鍏徃鑳芥妸浜у搧鐨勪唬鐮佸啓鐨勭簿鑹紵錛熻繕鏄竴姝ヤ竴姝ユ參鎱㈡潵鍚с?/p>
[涓轟粈涔堝師鏉ラ氳繃鐨勬祴璇曠敤渚嬬幇鍦ㄤ笉鑳介氳繃浜?jiǎn)锛焆
榪欐槸涓涓鎶ワ紝Red Alert錛佸畠鍙兘琛ㄨ揪浜?jiǎn)涓ゅ眰鎰忔濃斺旈兘涓嶆槸浠涔堝ソ鎰忔濃斺?錛変綘鍒氬垰榪涜鐨勯噸鏋勫彲鑳藉け璐ヤ簡(jiǎn)錛屾垨瀛樺湪涓浜涢敊璇湭琚彂鐜幫紝鑷沖皯閲嶆瀯鐨勭粨鏋滃拰鍘熸潵鐨勪唬鐮佷笉絳変環(huán)浜?jiǎn)銆?錛変綘鍒氬垰澧炲姞鐨凾estCase鎵琛ㄨ揪鐨勬剰鎬濊窡鍓嶉潰宸茬粡鏈夌殑TestCase鐩稿啿紿侊紝涔熷氨鏄錛屾柊澧炵殑鍔熻兘榪濊儗浜?jiǎn)宸叉湁鐨勮璁″Q岃繖縐嶆儏鍐靛ぇ閮ㄥ垎鍙兘鏄箣鍓嶇殑璁捐閿欎簡(jiǎn)銆備絾鏃犺鍝敊浜?jiǎn)锛屾棤璁烘槸閭e眰鎰忔濓紝鎯蟲壘鍒拌繖涓棶棰樼殑鏍規(guī)簮閮芥瘮TDD鐨勬甯稿伐浣滆闅俱?/p>
[鎴戞庝箞鐭ラ亾閭i噷璇ユ湁涓涓柟娉曡繕鏄鏈変竴涓被錛焆
榪欎釜闂涔熸槸甯稿父鍑虹幇鍦ㄦ垜鐨勮剳嫻蜂腑錛屾棤璁轟綘鏄涓嬈℃帴瑙DD鎴栬呭凡緇忔垚涓?TDD涓撳錛岃繖涓棶棰橀兘浼?xì)缂牼l曠潃浣犱笉鏀俱備笉榪囬棶棰樼殑絳旀鍙互鍙傝冨墠闈㈢殑“浠涔堟椂鍊欒璁?#8221;涓鑺傦紝絳旀涓嶆槸鍞竴鐨勩傚叾瀹炲鏁版椂鍊欎綘涓嶅繀鑰冭檻鏈潵錛屼粖澶╁彧鍋氫粖澶╃殑浜嬶紝鍙鏈夐噸鏋勫伐鍏鳳紝浠庢柟娉曞埌綾誨拰浠庣被鍒版柟娉曢兘寰堝鏄撱?/p>
[鎴戣鍐欎竴涓猅estCase錛屽彲鏄笉鐭ラ亾浠庡摢閲屽紑濮嬶紵]
浠庢渶閲嶈鐨勪簨寮濮嬶紝what matters most錛熶粠鑴氫笅寮濮嬶紝浠庢墜澶翠笂鐨勫伐浣滃紑濮嬶紝浠庣溂鍓嶇殑浜嬪紑濮嬨備粠涓涓病鏈塙I鐨勬牳蹇?jī)鐗规у紑濮嬶紝浠庣畻娉曞紑濮嬶紝鎴栬呬粠鏈鏈夊彲鑳借借鏃墮棿鐨勬ā鍧楀紑濮嬶紝浠庝竴涓渶涓ラ噸鐨刡ug寮濮嬨傝繖鏄疶DD涓諱箟鑰呭拰榧犵洰瀵稿厜鑰呯殑涓涓叡鍚岀偣錛屼笉鍚岀偣鏄墠鑰呮棭宸叉垚绔瑰湪鑳搞?/p>
[涓轟粈涔堟垜鐨勬祴璇曟繪槸鐪嬭搗鏉ユ湁鐐規(guī)剼锠紵]
鍝︼紵鏄悧錛熸潵錛屾彙涓墜錛屾垜鐨勪篃鏄紒涓嶅繀鎷呭績(jī)榪欎竴鐐癸紝浜嬪疄涓婏紝澶у笀浠粰鐨勪緥瀛愪篃鐩稿綋鎰氳牏錛屾瘮濡備竴涓瀬绔殑渚嬪瓙鏄鍐欎竴涓袱涓猧nt鍙橀噺鐩稿姞鐨勬柟娉曪紝澶у笀鍏堟柇璦2+3=5錛屽啀鏂█5+5=10錛岄毦閬撹繖浜涗唬鐮佷笉鏄緢鎰氳牏鍚楋紵鍏跺疄榪欏彧鏄竴涓瀬绔殑渚嬪瓙錛屽綋浣犲垵嬈℃帴瑙DD鏃訛紝鍐欒繖鏍風(fēng)殑浠g爜娌′粈涔堜笉濂斤紝浠ュ悗褰撲綘鐔熺粌鏃跺氨浼?xì)鍙戠幇杩欐牱鍐欐病蹇呰浜?jiǎn)錛岃璁頒綇錛岃唉铏氭槸閫氬線TDD鐨勫繀緇忎箣璺紒浠庣粡鍏稿紑鍙戞柟娉曡漿鍚慣DD灝卞儚浠庨潰鍚戣繃紼嬭漿鍚戦潰鍚戝璞′竴鏍峰洶闅撅紝浣犲彲鑳戒粈涔堥兘鎳傦紝浣嗕綘鍐欏嚭鏉ョ殑綾繪病鏈変竴涓函OO鐨勶紒鎴戠殑鍚屼簨榪樺憡璇夋垜鐪熸鐨勫お鏋佹嫵錛屽叾閫熷害鏄緢蹇殑錛屼笉姣斾換浣曚竴涓揩鎷寵鎱紝浣嗘槸鍒濆鑰咃紙閫氬父鏄寚瀛︿範(fàn)澶瀬鎷崇殑鍓?0騫達(dá)級(jí)澶笉瀹規(guī)槗鎶婃瘡涓Э鍔塊兘鍋氬錛屾墍浠ュ彧鑳芥參鎱㈡潵銆?/p>
[浠涔堝満鍚堜笉閫傜敤TDD錛焆
闂殑濂斤紝紜疄鏈夊緢澶氬満鍚堜笉閫傚悎浣跨敤TDD銆傛瘮濡傚杞歡璐ㄩ噺瑕佹眰鏋侀珮鐨勫啗浜嬫垨縐戠爺浜у搧鈥斺旂宸炲叚鍙鳳紝浜哄懡鍏沖ぉ鐨勮蔣浠垛斺斿尰鐤楄澶囷紝絳夌瓑錛屽啀姣斿璁捐寰堥噸瑕佸繀欏繪彁鍓嶅仛濂界殑杞歡錛岃繖浜涢兘涓嶉傚悎TDD錛屼絾鏄笉閫傚悎TDD涓嶄唬琛ㄤ笉鑳藉啓TestCase錛屽彧鏄綔鐢ㄤ笉鍚岋紝鍦頒綅涓嶅悓緗簡(jiǎn)銆?/p>
{Best Practise}
[寰瑧闈㈠緙栬瘧閿欒]
瀛︾敓鏃朵唬鏈瀹蟲曠殑灝辨槸緙栬瘧閿欒錛岀紪璇戦敊璇彲鑳戒細(xì)琚佸笀瑙嗕負(fù)涓婅涓嶈鐪熷惉璇劇殑璇佹嵁錛屾垨鑰呭悓瀛﹂棿鐩鎬簰鍢茬瑧鐨勭牆鐮併傜敋鑷崇寮瀛︽牎寰堝騫寸殑鑰佺▼搴忓憳渚濈劧瀹蟲曞畠?yōu)鍍忓x曡繜鍒頒竴鏍鳳紝娼滄剰璇嗛噷浼間箮緙栬瘧閿欒鏋佹湁鍙兘鍜屽伐璧勬寕閽╋紙鎴栬呭拰鏅哄晢鎸傞挬錛屽弽姝i兘涓嶆槸浠涔堝ソ浜嬶級(jí)銆傚叾瀹烇紝鍙鎻愪氦鍒扮増鏈鐞嗙殑浠g爜娌℃湁緙栬瘧閿欒灝卞彲浠ヤ簡(jiǎn)錛屼笉瑕佹媴蹇?jī)鑷繁鎵嬩笂鐨勪唬鐮佺殑缂栬瘧閿欒锛岄氬父錛岀紪璇戦敊璇兘闆嗕腑鍦ㄤ笅闈笁涓柟闈細(xì)
錛?錛変綘鐨勪唬鐮佸瓨鍦ㄤ綆綰ч敊璇?br>錛?錛夌敱浜庢煇浜汭nterface鐨勫疄鐜板皻涓嶅瓨鍦紝鎵浠ヨ嫻嬭瘯浠g爜鏃犳硶緙栬瘧
錛?錛夌敱浜庢煇浜涗唬鐮佸皻涓嶅瓨鍦紝鎵浠ユ祴璇曚唬鐮佹棤娉曠紪璇?br>璇鋒敞鎰忕浜岀偣涓庣涓夌偣瀹屽叏涓嶅悓錛屽墠鑰呰〃鏄庤璁″凡瀛樺湪錛岃屽疄鐜頒笉瀛樺湪瀵艱嚧鐨勭紪璇戦敊璇紱鍚庤呭垯鎸囦粎鏈塗estCase鑰屽叾瀹冧粈涔堥兘娌℃湁鐨勬儏鍐碉紝璁捐鍜屽疄鐜伴兘涓嶅瓨鍦紝娌℃湁Interface涔熸病鏈塈mplementation銆?/p>
鍙﹀錛岀紪璇戝櫒榪樻湁涓涓紭鐐癸紝閭e氨鏄互鏈鏁忔嵎鐨勮韓鎵嬪憡璇変綘錛屼綘鐨勪唬鐮佷腑鏈夐偅浜涢敊璇傚綋鐒跺鏋滀綘鎷ユ湁Eclipse榪欐牱鍙互鍙?qiáng)鏃舵彁绀壕~栬瘧閿欒鐨処DE錛屽氨涓嶉渶瑕佽繖鏍風(fēng)殑鍔熻兘浜?jiǎn)銆?/p>
[閲嶈浣犵殑璁″垝娓呭崟]
鍦ㄩ潪TDD鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛屽挨鍏舵槸浼犵粺鐨勭戝竷妯″瀷鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛岀▼搴忓憳涓嶄細(xì)涓嶇煡閬撹鍋氫粈涔堬紝浜嬪疄涓婏紝鎬繪槸鏈夎璁℃垨鑰呭埆鐨勪粈涔堝埗鍝佸湪寮曞紼嬪簭鍛樺紑鍙戙備絾鏄湪TDD鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛岃繖縐嶄紭鍔挎病鏈変簡(jiǎn)錛屾墍浠ヤ竴涓鍒掓竻鍗曞浣犳潵璇村崄鍒嗛噸瑕侊紝鍥犱負(fù)浣犲繀欏昏嚜宸卞彂鐜拌鍋氫粈涔堛備笉鍚屾ф牸鐨勪漢瀵逛簬榪欎竴鐐逛細(xì)鏈変笉鍚岀殑鍙嶅簲錛屾垜鐩鎬俊騫蟲椂鍋氫簨娌′粈涔堣鍒掕渚濋潬鍒漢瀹夋帓鐨勪漢錛堟墍璋撳皢鎵嶏級(jí)鍙兘鐣ユ湁涓嶉傚簲錛屼笉榪囦笉瑕佺揣錛孴asks鍜孋alendar錛堝張縐版晥鐜囨墜鍐岋級(jí)鏃╁凡鎴愪負(fù)鐜頒唬涓婄彮鏃忕殑蹇呭宸ュ叿浜?jiǎn)锛涜屽鉤鏃跺伐浣滅敓媧誨氨寰堟湁璁″垝鎬х殑浜猴紝姣斿鎴?)錛屽氨浼?xì)鏇村枩娆q欑鑷繁鍙互鎺屾帶Plan鐨勬柟寮忎簡(jiǎn)銆?/p>
[搴熼粶姣忔棩浠g爜璐ㄩ噺媯(gè)鏌
濡傛灉鎴戞病鏈夎閿欑殑璇濓紝PSP瀵逛簬涓漢浠g爜媯(gè)鏌ョ殑瑕佹眰鏄洰涓ユ牸鐨勶紝鑰屽悓鏍鋒槸鍦ㄩ拡瀵逛釜浜虹殑闂涓婏紝 TDD鍗村緩璁綘搴熼粶姣忔棩浠g爜璐ㄩ噺媯(gè)鏌ワ紝鍒搗鐤戝績(jī)錛屽洜涓轟綘鎬繪槸鍦ㄥ仛TestCase瑕佹眰浣犲仛鐨勪簨鎯咃紝騫朵笖鎬繪槸鏈夊姙娉曪紙鑷姩鐨勶級(jí)媯(gè)鏌ヤ唬鐮佹湁娌℃湁鍋氬埌榪欎簺浜嬫儏 鈥斺旂孩鐏仠緇跨伅琛岋紝鎵浠ユ瘡鏃ヤ唬鐮佹鏌ョ殑鏃墮棿鍙兘琚妭鐪侊紝瀵逛簬涓涓弗鏍肩殑PSP瀹炶返鑰呮潵璇達(dá)紝榪欎釜鎴愭湰榪樻槸寰堝彲瑙傜殑錛?/p>
姝ゅ錛屽浜庢瘡鏃ヤ唬鐮佽川閲忔鏌ョ殑鍙︿竴涓ソ澶勶紝灝辨槸甯姪浣犺璇嗚嚜宸辯殑浠g爜錛屽叏闈㈢殑浠庡畯瑙傘佸井瑙傘佸悇涓搴﹀瑙嗚嚜宸辯殑鎴愭灉錛岀幇鍦紝褰撲綘渚濈収TDD鍋氫簨鏃訛紝榪欎釜浼樼偣涔熶笉闇瑕佷簡(jiǎn)錛岃繕璁板緱鍓嶉潰璇寸殑TDD鐨勭浜屼釜浼樼偣鍚楋紝鍥犱負(fù)浣犲凡緇忓叏闈㈢殑浣跨敤浜?jiǎn)涓閬嶄綘鐨勪唬鐮侊紝榪欏畬鍏ㄥ彲浠ヨ揪鍒扮洰鐨勩?/p>
浣嗘槸錛岄棶棰樺線寰涔熷茍涓嶉偅涔堢畝鍗曪紝鐜板湪鏈夋病鏈変漢鑳藉憡璇夋垜錛屾垜濡備綍鍏ㄩ潰瀹¤鎴戞墍鍐欑殑嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鍛紵鍒繕浜?jiǎn)锛屽畠浠篃鏄互浠g爜鐨勫舰寮忓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鍝︺傚懙鍛碉紝浣嗘効榪欎釜闂娌℃湁鎶婁綘鍚撳埌錛屽洜涓烘垜鐩鎬俊鍒扮洰鍓嶄負(fù)姝紝瀹冭繕涓嶆槸鐡墮闂錛屽喌涓斿湪緙栧啓浜у搧浠g爜鐨勬椂鍊欎綘榪樻槸浼?xì)鑷溉潥勫彂鐜板緢澶殝箣璇曚唬鐮佷笂鐨勬病鑰冭檻鍒扮殑鍦版柟錛屽彲浠ュ氨姝や慨鏀逛竴涓嬨傞亾鐞嗗氨鏄姝わ紝涓栫晫涓婃病鏈変換浣曟柟娉曡兘浠f浛浣犳濊冪殑榪囩▼錛屾墍浠ヤ篃娌℃湁浠諱綍鏂規(guī)硶鑳介樆姝綘鐘敊璇紝TDD浠呰兘璁╀綘鏇村鏄撳彂鐜拌繖浜涢敊璇屽凡銆?/p>
[濡傛灉鏃犳硶瀹屾垚涓涓ぇ鐨勬祴璇曪紝灝變粠鏈灝忕殑寮濮媇
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[灝濊瘯緙栧啓鑷繁鐨剎Unit]
Kent Beck寤鴻澶у姣忓綋鎺ヨЕ涓涓柊鐨勮璦鎴栧紑鍙戝鉤鍙扮殑鏃跺欙紝灝辮嚜宸卞啓榪欎釜璇█鎴栧鉤鍙扮殑xUnit錛屽叾瀹炲嚑涔庢墍鏈夊父鐢ㄧ殑璇█鍜屽鉤鍙伴兘宸茬粡鏈変簡(jiǎn)鑷繁鐨?xUnit錛岃屼笖閮芥槸澶у悓灝忓紓錛屼絾鏄負(fù)浠涔堝ぇ甯堢粰鍑轟簡(jiǎn)榪欐牱鐨勫緩璁憿銆傚叾瀹濳ent Beck鐨勬剰鎬濇槸璇撮氳繃榪欐牱鐨勬柟寮忎綘鍙互寰堝揩鐨勪簡(jiǎn)瑙h繖涓璦鎴栧鉤鍙扮殑鐗規(guī)э紝鑰屼笖xUnit紜疄寰堢畝鍗曪紝鍙鐭ラ亾鍘熺悊寰堝揩灝辮兘鍐欏嚭鏉ャ傝繖瀵逛簬閭d簺鍠滄鑷繁鍐欏簳灞備唬鐮佺殑浜猴紝鎴栬呭枩嬈㈡帶鍒跺姏鐨勪漢鑰岃█鏄釜濂芥秷鎭?/p>
[鍠勪簬浣跨敤Ctrl-C/Ctrl-V鏉ョ紪鍐橳estCase]
涓嶅繀鎷呭績(jī)TestCase浼?xì)鏈変唬鐮佸啑浣欑殑闂锛岃瀹冨啑浣欏ソ浜?jiǎn)銆?/p>
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涓婇潰榪欎釜鏍囬榪樺彲浠ユ敼鎴愬彟澶栦竴鍙ヨ瘽錛氶伩鍏嶈繃娓¤璁★紒
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濡傛灉浣犲湪寮濮嬫煇涓壒鎬ф垨浜у搧鐨勫紑鍙戜箣鍓嶅鏌愪釜棰嗗煙涓嶅お鐔熸?zhèn)夋垨涓鏃犳墍鐭ワ紝鎴栬呭鑷繁鍦ㄨ棰嗗煙閲岀殑鑳藉姏涓鏃犳墍鐭ワ紝閭d箞浣犱竴瀹氫細(xì)閫夋嫨鍋氳瘯楠岋紝鍦ㄦ湁鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯浣滃伐鍏風(fēng)殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝寤鴻浣犵敤TestCase鍋氳瘯楠岋紝榪欑湅璧鋒潵灝卞儚浣犲湪鍐欎竴涓獙璇佸姛鑳芥槸鍚﹀疄鐜扮殑 TestCase涓鏍鳳紝鑰屼簨瀹炰笂涔熶竴鏍鳳紝鍙笉榪囦綘鎵楠岃瘉鐨勪笉鏄唬鐮佹湰韜紝鑰屾槸榪欎簺浠g爜鎵渚濊禆鐨勭幆澧冦?/p>
[TestCase涔嬮棿搴旇灝介噺鐙珛]
淇濊瘉鍗曠嫭榪愯涓涓猅estCase鏄湁鎰忎箟鐨勩?/p>
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榪欐槸涓涓皬鎶宸э紝涔熸槸涓嶅悓浜庤璁℃濊礬鐨勪笢瑗褲傚儚瓚婄晫鐨勫兼垨鑰呬貢鐮侊紝鎴栬呯被鍨嬩笉絎︾殑鍙橀噺錛岃繖浜涜緭鍏ラ兘鍙兘浼?xì)瀵艰嚧鏌愪釜寮傚父鐨勬姏鍑哄Q屾垨鑰呭鑷翠竴涓爣紺?#8220;illegal parameters”鐨勮繑鍥炲鹼紝榪欎袱縐嶆儏鍐典綘閮藉簲璇ユ祴璇曘傚綋鐒舵垜浠棤娉曟灇涓炬墍鏈夐敊璇殑杈撳叆鎴栧閮ㄧ幆澧冿紝榪欏氨鍍忔垜浠棤娉曟灇涓炬墍鏈夋紜殑杈撳叆鍜屽閮ㄧ幆澧冧竴鏍鳳紝鍙TestCase鑳借鏄庨棶棰樺氨鍙互浜?jiǎn)銆?/p>
[緙栧啓浠g爜鐨勭涓姝ワ紝鏄湪TestCase涓敤Ctrl-C]
榪欐槸涓涓珮綰ф妧宸э紝鍛冿紝鏄殑錛屾垜鏄繖涓剰鎬濓紝鎴戜笉鏄榪欎釜鎶宸ч毦浠ユ帉鎻★紝鑰屾槸璇磋繖涓妧宸у綋涓斾粎褰撲綘宸茬粡鏄竴涓猅DD楂樻墜鏃訛紝浣犳墠鑳戒綋浼?xì)鍒板畠鐨剻靺鍔涖傚嬈′嬌鐢═DD鐨勪漢閮芥湁榪欐牱鐨勪綋浼?xì)锛屾棦鐒舵垜鐨凾estCase宸茬粡鍐欑殑寰堝ソ浜?jiǎn)锛屽緢鑳借鏄庨棶棰樺Q屼負(fù)浠涔堟垜鐨勪唬鐮佷笉鑳戒粠TestCase鎷瘋礉涓浜涗笢瑗挎潵鍛€傚綋鐒?dòng)灱寴q欒姹備綘鐨凾estCase宸茬粡鍏鋒湁寰堝ソ鐨勮〃杈捐兘鍔涳紝姣斿鏂█f (5)=125鐨勬柟寮忔樉鐒舵病鏈夋柇璦f(5)=5^(5-2)琛ㄨ揪鏇村鐨勫唴瀹廣?/p>
[嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鍖呭簲璇ュ敖閲忚璁℃垚鍙互鑷姩榪愯鐨刔
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[鍙寒涓鐩忕孩鐏痌
澶у笀鐨勫緩璁紝鍓嶉潰宸茬粡鎻愬埌浜?jiǎn)锛屼粎浠呮槸寰忚銆?/p>
[鐢═estCase鎻忚堪浣犲彂鐜扮殑bug]
濡傛灉浣犲湪鍙︿竴涓儴闂ㄧ殑鍚屼簨浣跨敤浜?jiǎn)浣犵殑浠g爜锛岒q朵笖錛屼粬鍙戠幇浜?jiǎn)涓涓猙ug錛屼綘鐚滀粬浼?xì)鎬庝箞鍋氾紵浠栦細(xì)绔嬪嵆璧板埌浣犵殑宸ヤ綅杈逛笂錛屽ぇ澹版枼璐h錛?#8220;浣犳湁bug錛?#8221;鍚楋紵濡傛灉浠栬儐鏁㈣繖鏍峰浣狅紝瀵逛笉璧鳳紝浣犱竴瀹氳鍐烽潤(rùn)涓嬫潵錛屼笉瑕佸綋闈㈠洖楠備粬錛岀浉鍙嶄綘鍙互寰井涓絎戯紝鐒跺悗蹇?jī)邈^姘斿拰鐨勫浠栬錛?#8220;鍝︼紝鏄悧錛熼偅涔堝ソ鍚э紝緇欐垜涓涓猅estCase璇佹槑涓涓嬨?#8221;鐜板湪灞鍔垮凡緇忓掑悜浣犺繖涓杈逛簡(jiǎn)錛屽鏋滀粬榪樻病鏈夊噯澶囧ソ鍥炵瓟浣犺繖鑷村懡鐨勪竴鍑伙紝鎴戠寽浠栦細(xì)鎰熷埌闈炲父緹炴劎錛屽茍鍦ㄥ唴蹇?jī)璐f嚜宸卞お鑾芥挒銆備簨瀹炰笂錛屽鏋滀粬鐨凾estCase娌℃湁榪囧鐨勮姹備綘鐨勪唬鐮侊紙鑰屾槸鎸変綘浠簨鍓嶇殑濂戠害錛夛紝騫朵笖浜簡(jiǎn)綰㈢伅錛岄偅涔堝氨鍙互紜畾鏄綘鐨刡ug錛屽弽涔嬶紝瀵規(guī)柟鍒欐棤鐞嗕簡(jiǎn)銆傜敤TestCase鎻忚堪bug鐨勫彟涓涓ソ澶勬槸錛屼笉浼?xì)鍥犱皋Z互鍚庣殑淇敼鑰屽啀嬈℃毚闇茶繖涓猙ug錛屽畠宸茬粡鎴愪負(fù)浣犲彂甯冩瘡涓涓増鏈箣鍓嶆墍蹇呴』媯(gè)鏌ョ殑鍐呭浜?jiǎn)銆?/p>
{鍏充簬鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯}
鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鐨勭洰鏍囨槸
Keep the bar green to keep the code clean
榪欏彞璇濈殑鍚箟鏄紝浜嬪疄涓婃垜浠彧鍋氫袱浠朵簨鎯咃細(xì)璁╀唬鐮佸鏁堬紙Keep the bar green錛夊拰璁╀唬鐮佹磥鍑錛圞eep the code clean錛夛紝鍓嶈呮槸鎶婁簨鎯呭仛瀵癸紝鍚庤呮槸鎶婁簨鎯呭仛濂斤紝涓よ呮棦鏄疶DD涓殑涓ら《甯藉瓙錛屽張鏄痻Unit鏋舵瀯涓殑鍥犳灉鍏崇郴銆?/p>
鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯浣滀負(fù)杞歡嫻嬭瘯鐨勪竴涓被鍒紝騫墮潪鏄痻Unit鏋舵瀯鍒涢犵殑錛岃屾槸寰堟棭灝辨湁浜?jiǎn)銆備絾鏄痻Unit鏋舵瀯浣垮緱鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鍙樺緱鐩存帴銆佺畝鍗曘侀珮鏁堝拰瑙勮寖錛岃繖涔熸槸鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鏈榪戝嚑騫撮閫熷彂灞曟垚涓鴻 閲忎竴涓紑鍙戝伐鍏峰拰鐜鐨勪富瑕佹寚鏍囦箣涓鐨勫師鍥犮傛濡侻artin Fowler鎵璇達(dá)細(xì)“杞歡宸ョ▼鏈夊彶浠ユ潵浠庢病鏈夊姝や紬澶氱殑浜哄ぇ澶ф敹鐩婁簬濡傛綆鍗曠殑浠g爜錛?#8221;鑰屼笖澶氭暟璇█鍜屽鉤鍙扮殑xUnit鏋舵瀯閮芥槸澶у悓灝忓紓錛屾湁鐨勪粎鏄璦涓嶅悓錛屽叾涓渶鏈変唬琛ㄦх殑鏄疛Unit鍜孨Unit錛屽悗鑰呮槸鍓嶈呯殑鍒涙柊鍜屾墿灞曘備竴涓崟鍏冩祴璇曟鏋秞Unit搴旇錛?錛変嬌姣忎釜TestCase鐙珛榪愯錛?錛変嬌姣忎釜TestCase鍙互鐙珛媯(gè)嫻嬪拰鎶ュ憡閿欒錛?錛夋槗浜庡湪姣忔榪愯涔嬪墠閫夋嫨TestCase銆備笅闈㈡槸鎴戞灇涓懼嚭鐨剎Unit妗嗘灦鐨勬蹇碉紝榪欎簺姒傚康鏋勬垚浜?jiǎn)褰撳墠涓氱晫鍗曞厓娴嬭瘯鐞嗚鍜屽伐鍏风殑鏍稿績(jī)锛?xì)
[嫻嬭瘯鏂規(guī)硶/TestMethod]
嫻嬭瘯鐨勬渶灝忓崟浣嶏紝鐩存帴琛ㄧず涓轟唬鐮併?/p>
[嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥/TestCase]
鐢卞涓祴璇曟柟娉曠粍鎴愶紝鏄竴涓畬鏁寸殑瀵硅薄錛屾槸寰堝TestRunner鎵ц鐨勬渶灝忓崟浣嶃?/p>
[嫻嬭瘯瀹瑰櫒/TestSuite]
鐢卞涓祴璇曠敤渚嬫瀯鎴愶紝鎰忓湪鎶婄浉鍚屽惈涔夌殑嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鎵嬪姩瀹夋帓鍦ㄤ竴璧鳳紝TestSuite鍙互鍛堟爲(wèi)鐘剁粨鏋勫洜鑰屼究浜庣鐞嗐傚湪瀹炵幇鏃訛紝TestSuite褰㈠紡涓婂線寰涔熸槸涓涓猅estCase鎴朤estFixture銆?/p>
[鏂█/Assertion]
鏂█涓鑸湁涓夌被錛屽垎鍒槸姣旇緝鏂█錛堝assertEquals錛夛紝鏉′歡鏂█錛堝isTrue錛夛紝鍜屾柇璦宸ュ叿錛堝fail錛夈?/p>
[嫻嬭瘯璁懼/TestFixture]
涓烘瘡涓祴璇曠敤渚嬪畨鎺掍竴涓猄etUp鏂規(guī)硶鍜屼竴涓猅earDown鏂規(guī)硶錛屽墠鑰呯敤浜庡湪鎵ц璇ユ祴璇曠敤渚嬫垨璇ョ敤渚嬩腑鐨勬瘡涓祴璇曟柟娉曞墠璋冪敤浠ュ垵濮嬪寲鏌愪簺鍐呭錛屽悗鑰呭湪鎵ц璇ユ祴璇曠敤渚嬫垨璇ョ敤渚嬩腑鐨勬瘡涓柟娉曚箣鍚庤皟鐢紝閫氬父鐢ㄦ潵娑堥櫎嫻嬭瘯瀵圭郴緇熸墍鍋氱殑淇敼銆?/p>
[鏈熸湜寮傚父/Expected Exception]
鏈熸湜璇ユ祴璇曟柟娉曟姏鍑烘煇縐嶆寚瀹氱殑寮傚父錛屼綔涓轟竴涓?#8220;鏂█”鍐呭錛屽悓鏃朵篃闃叉鍥犱負(fù)鍚堟儏鍚堢悊鐨勫紓甯歌屾剰澶栫殑緇堟浜?jiǎn)娴嬭瘯杩嚱E嬨?/p>
[縐嶇被/Category]
涓烘祴璇曠敤渚嬪垎綾伙紝瀹為檯浣跨敤鏃朵竴鑸湁TestSuite灝變笉鍐嶄嬌鐢–ategory錛屾湁Category灝變笉鍐嶄嬌鐢═estSuite銆?/p>
[蹇界暐/Ignored]
璁懼畾璇ユ祴璇曠敤渚嬫垨嫻嬭瘯鏂規(guī)硶琚拷鐣ワ紝涔熷氨鏄笉鎵ц鐨勬剰鎬濄傛湁浜涜鎶涘純鐨凾estCase涓嶆効鍒犻櫎錛屽彲浠ュ畾涓篒gnored銆?/p>
[嫻嬭瘯鎵ц鍣?TestRunner]
鎵ц嫻嬭瘯鐨勫伐鍏鳳紝琛ㄧず浠ヤ綍縐嶆柟寮忔墽琛屾祴璇曪紝鍒浼?xì)锛寴q欏彲涓嶆槸鍦ㄤ唬鐮佷腑瑙勫畾鐨勶紝瀹屽叏鏄笌嫻嬭瘯鍐呭鏃犲叧鐨勮涓恒傛瘮濡傛枃鏈柟寮忥紝AWT鏂瑰紡錛宻wing鏂瑰紡錛屾垨鑰匛clipse鐨勪竴涓鍥劇瓑絳夈?/p>
{瀹炰緥錛欶ibonacci鏁板垪}
涓嬮潰鐨凷ample灞曠ずTDDer鏄浣曠紪鍐欎竴涓棬鍦ㄤ駭鐢烣ibonacci鏁板垪鐨勬柟娉曘?br>錛?錛夐鍏堝啓涓涓猅C錛屾柇璦fib(1) = 1;fib(2) = 1;榪欒〃紺鴻鏁板垪鐨勭涓涓厓绱犲拰絎簩涓厓绱犻兘鏄?銆?/p>
錛?錛変笂闈㈣繖孌典唬鐮佷笉鑳界紪璇戦氳繃錛孏reat錛佲斺旀槸鐨勶紝鎴戞槸璇碐reat錛佸綋鐒?dòng)灱屽鏋滀綘姝e湪鐢ㄧ殑鏄疎clipse閭d綘涓嶉渶瑕佺紪璇戯紝Eclipse 浼?xì)鍛婅瘔浣犱笉瀛樺湪fib鏂規(guī)硶錛屽崟鍑籱ark浼?xì)闂綘瑕佷笉瑕佹柊寰忎竴涓猣ib鏂規(guī)硶錛孫h錛屽綋鐒?dòng)灱佷皋Z簡(jiǎn)璁╀笂闈㈤偅涓猅C鑳介氳繃錛屾垜浠繖鏍峰啓錛?/p>
錛?錛夌幇鍦ㄩ偅涓猅C浜簡(jiǎn)緇跨伅錛寃ow錛佸簲璇ュ簡(jiǎn)紲濅竴涓嬩簡(jiǎn)銆傛帴涓嬫潵瑕佸鍔燭C鐨勯毦搴︿簡(jiǎn)錛屾祴絎笁涓厓绱犮?/p>
涓嶈繃榪欐牱鍐欒繕涓嶅お濂界湅錛屼笉濡傝繖鏍峰啓錛?/p>
錛?錛夋柊澧炲姞鐨勬柇璦瀵艱嚧浜?jiǎn)绾㈢伅锛屼皋Z簡(jiǎn)鎵漿榪欎竴灞鍔挎垜浠繖鏍蜂慨鏀筬ib鏂規(guī)硶錛屽叾涓儴鍒嗕唬鐮佹槸浠庝笂闈㈢殑浠g爜涓瑿trl-C/Ctrl-V鏉ョ殑錛?/p>
錛?錛夊ぉ鍝紝榪欑湡鏄釜璐變漢鍐欑殑浠g爜錛佹槸鍟婏紝涓嶆槸鍚楋紵鍥犱負(fù)TC灝辨槸浜у搧鐨勮摑鏈紝浜у搧鍙鎭板ソ婊¤凍TC灝眔k銆傛墍浠ヤ簨鎯呭彂灞曞埌榪欎釜鍦版涓嶆槸fib鏂規(guī)硶鐨勯敊錛岃屾槸TC鐨勯敊錛屼簬鏄疶C榪樿榪涗竴姝ヨ姹傦細(xì)
錛?錛変笂鏈夋斂絳栦笅鏈夊絳栥?/p>
錛?錛夊ソ浜?jiǎn)锛屼笉鐜╀簡(jiǎn)銆傜幇鍦ㄥ凡緇忎笉鏄幢涓嶈幢鐨勯棶棰樹簡(jiǎn)錛岀幇鍦ㄧ殑闂鏄唬鐮佸嚭鐜頒簡(jiǎn)鍐椾綑錛屾墍浠ユ垜浠鍋氱殑鏄斺旈噸鏋勶細(xì)
錛?錛夊ソ錛岀幇鍦ㄤ綘宸茬粡fib鏂規(guī)硶宸茬粡鍐欏畬浜?jiǎn)鍚楀Q熼敊浜?jiǎn)锛屼竴涓嵄闄╃殑閿欒錛屼綘蹇樹簡(jiǎn)閿欒鐨勮緭鍏ヤ簡(jiǎn)銆傛垜浠護(hù)0琛ㄧずFibonacci涓病鏈夎繖涓欏廣?/p>
then change the method fib to make the bar grean錛?/p>
錛?錛変笅鐝墠鏈鍚庝竴浠朵簨鎯咃紝鎶奣C涔熼噸鏋勪竴涓嬶細(xì)
錛?0錛夋墦瀹屾敹宸ャ?/p>
{鍏充簬鏈枃鐨勫啓浣渳
鍦ㄦ湰鏂囩殑鍐欎綔榪囩▼涓紝浣滆呬篃鐢ㄥ埌浜?jiǎn)TDD鐨勬濈淮錛屼簨瀹炰笂浣滆呭厛鏋勬濊鍐欎竴綃囦粈涔堟牱鐨勬枃绔狅紝鐒跺悗鍐欏嚭榪欑瘒鏂囩珷搴旇婊¤凍鐨勫嚑涓姹傦紝鍖呮嫭鍔熻兘鐨勮姹傦紙瑕佸啓浜涗粈涔堬級(jí)鍜屾ц兘鐨勮姹傦紙鍙鎬у浣曪級(jí)鍜岃川閲忕殑瑕佹眰錛堟枃瀛楃殑瑕佹眰錛夛紝榪欎簺瑕佹眰璧峰垵鏄竴涓篃杈句笉鍒扮殑錛堝洜涓烘鏂囪繕涓涓瓧娌℃湁錛夛紝鍦ㄨ繖縐嶆儏鍐典笅浣滆呯殑鏂囩珷鏃犳硶緙栬瘧閫氳繃錛屼負(fù)浜?jiǎn)杈惧埌杩欎簺瑕佹眰锛屼綔鑰呬笉鍋滅殑鍐欏晩鍐欏晩錛岀粓浜庡湪鑺卞敖浜?jiǎn)涓や釜鏈堢殑蹇?jī)琛涔嬪悗瀹屾垚浜?jiǎn)褰撳垵鏃㈠畾鐨勬墍鏈夎姹傦紙make the bar green錛夛紝闅忓悗浣滆呮暣鐞嗕簡(jiǎn)涓涓嬫枃绔犵殑緇撴瀯錛堥噸鏋勶級(jí)錛屽湪婊℃剰鐨勬彁浜ょ粰浜?jiǎn)Blog緋葷粺涔嬪悗錛屼綔鑰呯┛涓婁簡(jiǎn)涓浠剁豢鑹茬殑姹楄~錛岃洞鍦ㄥ湴涓婏紝瀛︿簡(jiǎn)涓ゅ0闈掕洐鍙傘傘傘傘傘傘俕_^
{鍚庤錛歁artin Fowler鍦ㄤ腑鍥絵
浠庢湰鏂囨寮忓畬鎴愬埌鍙戣〃鐨勫嚑涓皬鏃墮噷錛屾垜鍋剁劧璇誨埌浜?jiǎn)Martin Fowler鍏堢敓鍖椾含璁胯皥褰曪紝鍏墮棿鎻愬埌浜?jiǎn)寰堝瀵箣箣璇曢┍鍔ㄥ紑鍙戠殑鐪嬫硶錛屾憳鎶勫湪姝わ細(xì)
Martin Fowler錛氬綋鐒?dòng)灱堝煎緱鑺變竴鍗婄殑鏃墮棿鏉ュ啓鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯錛夛紒鍥犱負(fù)鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鑳藉浣夸綘鏇村揩鐨勫畬鎴愬伐浣溿傛棤鏁版鐨勫疄璺靛凡緇忚瘉鏄庤繖涓鐐廣備綘鐨勬椂闂磋秺鏄揣寮狅紝灝辮秺瑕佸啓鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯錛屽畠鐪嬩笂鍘繪參錛屼絾瀹為檯涓婅兘澶熷府鍔╀綘鏇村揩銆佹洿鑸掓湇鍦拌揪鍒扮洰鐨勩?br>Martin Fowler錛氫粈涔堝彨閲嶈錛熶粈涔堝彨涓嶉噸瑕侊紵榪欐槸闇瑕侀愭笎璁よ瘑鐨勶紝涓嶆槸鎯沖綋鐒剁殑銆傛垜涓虹粷澶у鏁扮殑妯″潡鍐欏崟鍏冩祴璇曪紝鏄湁鐐圭儲(chǔ)浜猴紝浣嗘槸褰撲綘鎰忚瘑鍒拌繖宸ヤ綔鐨勪環(huán)鍊兼椂錛屼綘浼?xì)娆g劧鐨勩?br>Martin Fowler錛氬鍏ㄤ笘鐣岀殑紼嬪簭鍛樻垜閮芥槸閭d箞鍑犳潯寤鴻錛?#8230;…絎簩錛屽涔?fàn)娴嬭瘯椹卞姩寮鍙戯紝榪欑鏂扮殑鏂規(guī)硶浼?xì)鏀瑰彉浣犲浜庤蒋錃g寮鍙戠殑鐪嬫硶銆?#8230;…
鈥斺斻婄▼搴忓憳銆嬶紝2005騫?鏈堝垔
{楦h阿}
fhawk
Dennis Chen
鑸嫢鑿╂彁
Kent Beck
Martin Fowler
c2.com
鍑嗗宸ヤ綔錛?/span>
1銆?nbsp;瀹夎perl/Python
2銆?nbsp;涓嬭澆瑙e帇CxxTest
3銆?nbsp;璁劇疆鐜鍙橀噺錛?/span>
濡傛灉浣跨敤Perl,鍒欒緗竴涓悕涓?span>PERL鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲忥紝鍊間負(fù)perl.exe鐨勪綅緗傦紙姣斿D:\Perl\Bin\Perl.exe錛夛紱
濡傛灉瀹夎Python,鍒欒緗竴涓悕涓?span>PYTHON鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲忥紝鍊間負(fù)浣犲畨瑁呯殑Python鐩綍涓嬬殑python.exe璺緞錛堟瘮濡?span>D:\Python25\python.exe錛夛紱
璁劇疆涓涓悕涓?span>CXXTESTDIR 鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲忥紝鍊間負(fù)CxxTest瑙e帇鍚庣殑鐩綍銆傦紙姣斿D:\Cxxtest錛夈傦紙璁劇疆CXXTESTDIR鐨勫師鍥狅細(xì)鍏嶅幓姣忔鍦?span>makefile鏂囦歡涓寚瀹?span>CXXTESTDIR鐨勭洰褰曪級(jí)
鏂瑰紡涓錛氫嬌鐢?span>CxxTest \sample\msvc涓殑妗嗘灦
1銆?nbsp;鎷瘋礉msvc鏂囦歡澶瑰埌宸ョ▼鐩綍涓?/span>
鎵撳紑CxxTest_Workspace.sln錛屽彲浠ョ湅鍒頒笁涓」鐩細(xì)
- CxxTest_3_Generate 榪愯 cxxtestgen.pl 鐢熸垚 runner.cpp 鏂囦歡錛?/span>
- CxxTest_2_Build 緙栬瘧鐢熸垚鐨?/span>runner.cpp鏂囦歡錛?/span>
- CxxTest_1_Run 榪愯嫻嬭瘯錛?/span>
2銆?nbsp;淇敼鍏朵腑鐨?span>makefile鏂囦歡:
1錛夊皢浠ヤ笅鍐呭錛?/span>
# Where to look for the tests
TESTS = ..\gui\*.h ..\*.h
淇敼涓猴細(xì)
# Where to look for the tests
TESTS = *.h
榪欐璇濈殑浣滅敤鏄煡鎵炬祴璇曟枃浠訛紝鎴戜滑鐨勬祴璇曟枃浠舵槸.h鏍煎紡鐨勶紝鏀懼湪褰撳墠鐩綍涓嬨傦紙濡傛灉鏄?span>.hpp鏍煎紡鐨勮瘽錛岃嚜鐒舵敼鎴?span>*.hpp錛涙斁鍦ㄥ叾瀹冪洰褰曠殑璇濓紝榪樿淇敼璺緞錛?/span>
2錛夊皢浠ヤ笅鍐呭鍒犻櫎錛?/span>
# Where the CxxTest distribution is unpacked
CXXTESTDIR = ..\..
鍥犱負(fù)鍏堝墠宸茬粡瀹氫箟浜?span>CXXTESTDIR鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲忥紝榪欓噷鐨勫畾涔夊彲浠ョ渷鎺夈?/span>
3銆?nbsp;鍦?/span>CxxTest_3_Generate欏圭洰涓坊鍔犳祴璇曟枃浠?/span>
榪欐槸嫻嬭瘯鏂囦歡鐨勪竴涓畝鍗曠殑渚嬪瓙錛?/span>
// Sampletest.h
#include <cxxtest/TestSuite.h>
//瀹氫箟涓涓祴璇曞浠剁被錛屽皢嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鏀懼叆鍏朵腑
class SampletestSuite : public CxxTest::TestSuite
{
public:
//瀹氫箟嫻嬭瘯錛屼互test浣滀負(fù)嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟鍓嶇紑錛?/span>
//榪欐槸cxxtestgen.pl鎴?span>cxxtestgen.py瀵規(guī)祴璇曟枃浠惰繘琛屾壂鎻忥紝鎶藉彇嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鐨勪緷鎹?/span>
void testMultiplication( void )
{
TS_ASSERT_EQUALS( 2 * 2, 5 );
}
};
4銆?nbsp;榪愯嫻嬭瘯錛屽嵆鐢熸垚CxxTest_1_Run錛屽彲鍦ㄨ緭鍑虹獥鍙g湅鍒版祴璇曠粨鏋滐紝騫跺弻鍑葷粨鏋滆鍙畾浣嶅埌婧愪唬鐮併?/span>
鏂規(guī)硶浜岋細(xì)綆鍖?span>msvc錛屽皢Generate錛?/span>Build錛?/span>Run闆嗘垚鍒頒竴涓」鐩腑
1銆?nbsp;鍦ㄥ伐紼嬩腑娣誨姞鏂伴」鐩細(xì)Unit_Test
灝嗕慨鏀瑰悗鐨?span>makefile鏂囦歡鎷瘋礉鍒?span>Unit_Test鐩綍涓?/span>
2銆?nbsp;鍦?span>Unit_Test欏圭洰婧愭枃浠朵腑娣誨姞鏂板緩欏?span>dummy
鏃犺娣誨姞榪涙潵鐨勬槸.cpp,榪樻槸.h,灝嗗悗緙鍚嶅幓鎺夈?/span>
鍙沖嚮dummy錛岄夋嫨灞炴э紝鍦ㄥ脊鍑虹殑灞炴ч〉涓紝“鑷畾涔夌敓鎴愭楠?#8221;閫夐」->“鍛戒護(hù)琛?#8221;閫夐」錛岃緭鍏ワ細(xì)
ECHO Don't Delete this file!!! > Dummy
ECHO -
ECHO -
ECHO -------------------- Generating test cases --------------------
if exist runner.cpp
NMAKE runner.cpp /nologo
ECHO -
ECHO –
鍦?#8220;杈撳嚭”閫夐」涓緭鍏ワ細(xì)
Runner.cpp
Dummy鍙槸涓涓枃浠訛紝閲岃竟鍙互鏄換浣曞唴瀹癸紝鍏抽敭鐐瑰湪浜庡Dummy鏂囦歡榪涜緙栬瘧鐨勬椂鍊欐墍鎵ц鐨勬搷浣滐紝榪欐槸涓涓壒澶勭悊鏂囦歡錛岃繖涓壒澶勭悊鏂囦歡鎵ц鐢熸垚 testcase 鐨勬搷浣滐紝涔熷氨鏄皟鐢?span>Python/Perl鐢熸垚嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥錛堜篃灝辨槸runner.cpp鏂囦歡錛夈備負(fù)浜?jiǎn)淇濇寔姣弸啤缂栬瘧閮藉彲浠ョ敓鎴愭柊鐨?span>runner鏂囦歡錛屽氨蹇呴』淇濊瘉
1錛?span>Dummy鏂囦歡鍦?span>runner.cpp涔嬪墠榪涜緙栬瘧錛?/span>
2錛?span>Dummy鏂囦歡姣忔閮藉繀欏昏閲嶆柊緙栬瘧銆?/span>
絎竴鐐規(guī)槸閫氳繃鏂囦歡欏哄簭鏉ョ殑錛岀浜岀偣鏄湪鐢熸垚浜嬩歡閲岃竟閲嶆柊鐢熸垚Dummy鏂囦歡鏉ヤ繚璇佺殑錛?span>VS2005浼間箮娌¢棶棰橈紝VC6浼間箮榪樻槸鏈変簺闂鐨勶級(jí)銆?/span>
浠庡彟澶栦竴涓搴﹁錛岃繖涓?span>Dummy鏂囦歡鐩稿綋浜?span> samples/msvc 絎竴鍜岀浜屼釜欏圭洰鐨勫姛鑳姐傦紙鍗?/span>Generate鍜?/span>Build錛?/span>
3銆?nbsp;緙栬瘧dummy鏂囦歡錛岀敓鎴?span>runner.cpp錛屽皢鍏舵坊鍔犲埌Unit_Test“婧愭枃浠?#8221;涓?/span>
紜畾褰撳墠鐩綍涓凡鏈?span>.h嫻嬭瘯鏂囦歡錛屽惁鍒欏彲鑳芥彁紺洪敊璇?/span>
4銆?nbsp;鍙沖嚮Unit_Test錛岄夋嫨灞炴э紝鍦ㄥ脊鍑烘潵鐨勫睘鎬ч〉涓紝 “鐢熸垚浜嬩歡”閫夐」->“鐢熸垚鍚庝簨浠?span>”閫夐」->“鍛戒護(hù)琛?#8221;閫夐」涓緭鍏ワ細(xì)
ECHO -
ECHO -
ECHO -------------------- Running Unit Test Cases --------------------
$(OutDir)\$(TargetName).exe
ECHO -
ECHO -
ECHO -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
鏀懼湪欏圭洰“鐢熸垚鍚庝簨浠?#8221;涓殑榪欎竴孌靛懡浠わ紝榪愯鐢熸垚鐨勬祴璇曪紝鐩稿綋浜?/span>samples/msvc 絎笁涓」鐩殑鍔熻兘銆傦紙鍗?/span>Run錛?/span>
5銆?nbsp;鍦?span>Unit_Test“澶存枃浠?#8221;涓紝娣誨姞鏂扮殑.h嫻嬭瘯鏂囦歡銆?/span>
鐢熸垚Unit_Test錛屽嵆鍙湪杈撳嚭紿楀彛鍒嗗壊綰夸笅鐪嬪埌榪愯嫻嬭瘯鐨勭粨鏋滐紝鍙屽嚮緇撴灉琛屽彲浠ュ畾浣嶅埌婧愪唬鐮併?/span>
濡傦細(xì)
1>-------------------- Running Unit Test Cases --------------------
1>Running 1 test
1>In MathsTestSuite::testMultiplication:
1>f:\test\cxxunittest\cxxunittest\sampletest.h(9): Error: Expected (2 * 2 == 5), found (4 != 5)
1>Failed 1 of 1 test
1>Success rate: 0%
1>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
鏂規(guī)硶涓夛細(xì)鎶藉彇鍑轟竴涓?span>Unit_Test鏂囦歡澶?/span>
鎵璋撴柟娉曚笁錛屼笉榪囨槸灝嗘柟娉曚簩涓殑Unit_Test鏂囦歡澶癸紝鏇夸唬鏂規(guī)硶涓涓殑msvc鏂囦歡澶癸紝縐誨姩鍒板叾瀹冪殑欏圭洰涓嬌鐢ㄨ屽凡銆?/span>
涓嶅儚鏂規(guī)硶涓鐨?span>msvc閭f牱闇瑕佷笁涓」鐩紝涔熶笉闇鍍忔柟娉曚簩閭f牱錛屾瘡嬈¢兘淇敼dummy錛屽拰欏圭洰灞炴э紝娣誨姞鍛戒護(hù)琛屻傚皢Unit_Test鏂囦歡澶瑰悇涓睘鎬ч兘閰嶇疆濂戒箣鍚庯紝鐙珛鍑烘潵闅忔椂澶囩敤銆?/span>
鍑嗗宸ヤ綔錛屽鍓嶆墍璦銆?/span>
瑕佽繘琛屾祴璇曟椂錛?/span>
灝?/span>Unit_test鏂囦歡澶規(guī)嫹璐濇斁鍒板伐紼嬬洰褰曚腑錛屽湪宸ョ▼涓坊鍔犻噷闈㈢殑Unit_Test欏圭洰錛屼豢鐓?/span>Sampletest.h鍐欒嚜宸辯殑嫻嬭瘯鏂囦歡銆?/span>
榪愯嫻嬭瘯鏃訛細(xì)
鍏堢紪璇?/span>dummy錛屽啀鐢熸垚璇ユ祴璇曢」鐩?/span>(濡傛灉娌℃湁鍙﹀娣誨姞*.h鏂囦歡錛岀洿鎺ョ敓鎴愬氨鍙互浜?/span>)鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鐜板湪宸茬粡鎴愪負(fù)鏍囧噯鐨勭紪紼嬪疄璺碉紝浣嗘槸C++緙哄皯Java鍜?/span>.Net騫沖彴璇█鐨勫弽灝勬満鍒訛紝鎵浠ユ棤娉曟灇涓炬祴璇曟柟娉曪紝蹇呴』鎵嬪伐娣誨姞錛屾垨鑰呬嬌鐢ㄤ竴浜涚壒鍒殑瀹忥紝寮勫緱浠g爜闈炲父闅劇湅銆?/span>Java璇█鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鏄?/span>JUnit鐨勫ぉ涓嬶紝C#鍩烘湰涓婇兘鐢?/span>NUnit錛岃?/span>C++鍒欑兢鑺辨掓斁錛屽崟鍏冩祴璇曟鏋墮潪甯稿錛?/span>JUnit縐繪榪囨潵鐨?/span>CppUnit錛?/span>Boost::test錛?/span>CppTest錛?/span>CxxTest錛?/span> TUT絳夌瓑銆備絾鏄В鍐蟲柟妗堟渶濂界殑鏄?/span>CxxTest鍜?/span>TUT錛?/span>CxxTest閲囩敤鐨勬柟娉曟瘮杈冪壒孌婏紝鐢?/span>Perl鍒嗘瀽C++鐨勬簮鏂囦歡錛屼粠涓娊鍙栨祴璇曟柟娉曪紝鍒涘緩TestSuite銆傝娉曚笌JUnit闈炲父鐩鎬技錛屾病鏈変嬌鐢ㄩ珮綰х殑C++鐗規(guī)э紝涔熸病鏈夊畾涔夌壒鍒殑瀹忥紝鏃犻』鍐欓澶栫殑浠g爜銆?/span>TUT涔熸槸涓涓笉閿欑殑瑙e喅鏂規(guī)錛屽埄鐢ㄩ珮綰?/span>C++ Template鍔熻兘錛屽繀欏繪瘮杈冩柊鐨勭紪璇戝櫒鎵嶆敮鎸侊紝姣斿VC6鍜?/span>VS.NET 2002灝變笉鏀寔錛屽繀欏?/span>VS.NET 2003浠ヤ笂鎴栬?/span>Intel C++ Complier 8.1浠ヤ笂銆?/span>
1銆?nbsp;TUT
緇撴瀯妗嗘灦綆鍗曘傛坊鍔犳柊鐨勬祴璇曞伐浣滈噺灝忥紱鏃犻』娉ㄥ唽嫻嬭瘯錛涘彲縐繪鎬уソ錛堝洜鍏跺彧闇涓や釜澶存枃浠訛紝灝卞彲浠ュ畬鎴愭祴璇曞伐浣滐級(jí)錛涗究浜庤鍗革紱鎻愪緵鎺ュ彛鍙互鎵╁睍鍏惰緭鍑烘柟寮忕瓑銆?/span>
鏈澶х殑浼樼偣錛氳交閲忕駭錛屼究浜庤鍗稿拰鍙墿灞曞叾杈撳嚭鏂瑰紡錛?/span>
緙虹偣錛氭柇璦浼間箮涓嶆槸寰堝ソ錛屽彧鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)涓涓?/span>ensure()鍑芥暟錛屼笉鐭ラ亾瀵瑰鏉傜殑嫻嬭瘯鏄惁鏀寔錛涜緭鍑虹殑嫻嬭瘯緇撴灉杈冧負(fù)綆鍗曘?/span>
2銆?nbsp;Boost::test
緇撴瀯妗嗘灦杈冧負(fù)澶嶆潅銆傛坊鍔犳柊鐨勬祴璇曞伐浣滈噺涔熶笉澶э紱鎻愪緵澶氱嫻嬭瘯鏂規(guī)硶錛屽彲娉ㄥ唽嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥錛屼篃鍙笉娉ㄥ唽錛涘彲縐繪鎬т竴鑸紱瑁呭嵏涓嶆槗錛涘湪鎺у埗寮傚父銆佸穿婧冩柟闈㈢殑鑳藉姏鑳滆繃鍏跺畠鎵鏈夊鎵嬶紱鎷ユ湁鑹ソ鐨勬柇璦鍔熻兘錛涘ぇ姒傝兘鏀寔澶氱杈撳嚭鏂瑰紡錛屼絾鏇存敼杈撳嚭鏂瑰紡涓嶆槗錛涙敮鎸佹祴璇曞浠躲?/span>
鏈澶х殑浼樼偣錛氭帶鍒跺紓甯稿穿婧冪殑鑳藉姏銆佽壇濂界殑鏂█銆佽緭鍑虹粨鏋滆緝涓鴻緇嗐佺紪鍐欐祴璇曠殑鏂規(guī)硶鐏墊椿錛?/span>
緙虹偣錛氱粨鏋勬鏋惰緝涓哄鏉傦紝鏇存敼杈撳嚭鏂瑰紡涓嶆槗錛岃鍗鎬笉鏄撱?/span>
3銆?nbsp;CXXTest
緇撴瀯妗嗘灦鐨勫鏉傛у浜?/span>TUT涓?/span>boost::test涔嬮棿銆傛坊鍔犳柊鐨勬祴璇曞伐浣滈噺闈炲父灝忥紱鏃犻』娉ㄥ唽嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥錛涘彲縐繪鎬у緢濂斤紱渚夸簬瑁呭嵏錛涙帶鍒跺紓甯搞佸穿婧冩柟闈㈢殑鑳藉姏涔熶笉閿欙紱鎷ユ湁鑹ソ鐨勬柇璦鍔熻兘錛涙敮鎸佸縐嶈緭鍑烘柟寮忥紱鏀寔嫻嬭瘯濂椾歡銆?/span>
鏈澶х殑浼樼偣錛?/span>緙栬瘧鍗蟲祴璇曟柟寮忥紝騫朵笖鍙互鍙屽嚮緇撴灉琛岀珛鍗沖畾浣嶅埌鐩稿簲鐨勬簮浠g爜錛岀浉褰撳惛寮曚漢錛涙敮鎸佸縐嶈緭鍑猴紝杈撳嚭緇撴灉杈冧負(fù)璇︾粏錛涚紪鍐欐祴璇曠畝鍗曪紱
緙虹偣錛氶渶瑕佺敤鍒?/span>perl瀵規(guī)祴璇曚唬鐮佽繘琛屾枃娉曟壂鎻忥紝鐢熸垚鍙墽琛屼唬鐮侊紝闇瑕佺敤鍒?/span>makefile鏂囦歡錛堜笉鏄繀欏伙級(jí)錛涘噯澶囧伐浣滄瘮杈冮夯鐑?chǔ)銆?/span>
http://www.gamesfromwithin.com/articles/0412/000061.html錛?/font>鍦ㄨ繖綃囨枃绔犱腑錛孨oel Llopis鎻愬嚭浜?jiǎn)涓涓C++ test framework璇勫垽鐨勪竴浜涗緷鎹紝鎸夌収Noel Llopis緇欏嚭鐨勯噸瑕佹э紝鎴戣妭鐣ュ湪榪欓噷銆?/p>
1.鍔犲叆鏂版祴璇曟渶灝忓寲宸ヤ綔閲?/p>
2.渚夸簬淇敼鍜岀Щ妞嶏紙浣滆呯殑鎰忔濇槸璇存瘮濡俁TTI錛孲TL錛孍xception榪欎簺楂樼駭鐗規(guī)у彲鑳藉Θ紕嶅湪涓嶅悓鐨勫鉤鍙幫紝涓嶅悓鐗堟湰緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ笅闈㈢殑鍙Щ妞嶆э級(jí) 3.渚夸簬瑁呴厤/鎷嗗嵏嫻嬭瘯鐜 4.瀵瑰紓甯鎬互鍙?qiáng)宕╂簝寰堝ソ鐨勬帶鍒?/p>
5.濂界殑鏂█鍔熻兘 6.鏀寔涓嶅悓鐨勮緭鍑烘柟寮?/p>
7.鏀寔嫻嬭瘯濂椾歡(suites) 鎸夌収榪欎釜鏍囧噯錛孨oel Llopis瀵逛笅闈㈢殑test framework榪涜浜?jiǎn)璇勪?/p>
CPPUnit 1.宸ヤ綔閲忓 2.CPPUnit鑳藉湪Windows , Linux涓婇潰榪愯錛屽姛鑳借繘琛屼簡(jiǎn)寰堝ソ鐨勬ā鍧楀寲錛屼絾鏄彟涓鏂歸潰錛孋PPUnit闇瑕丷TTI錛孲TL錛屾垨鑰呭紓甯革紙浣滆呬笉鏄緢鑲畾錛?/p>
3. 4.CPPUnit浣跨敤protectors鍖呰嫻嬭瘯錛屽茍涓旀崟鎹夋墍鏈夌殑寮傚父錛堝皾璇曡瘑鍒煇浜涘紓甯革級(jí)錛孡inux涓嬮潰涓嶄細(xì)鎹曟崏緋葷粺寮傚父錛屼絾鏄澧炲姞鑷畾涔夌殑鍖呰鏄緢瀹規(guī)槗鐨勩?/p>
5.寰堝ソ錛屾敮鎸佷竴涓渶灝忛泦鍚堢殑鏂█璇彞錛屽寘鎷瘮杈冩誕鐐規(guī)暟銆?/p>
6.鏀寔 7.鏀寔 鎬諱綋璇勪環(huán)錛歄verall, CppUnit is frustrating because it's almost exactly what I want, except for my most wanted feature. (CPPUnit澶熼椃鐨勶紝涓嶈繃鎴戣寰楁敼榪涙槗鐢ㄦу簲璇ュ彲浠ユ湡寰咃級(jí) Boost.Test錛堟垜灝濊瘯浣跨敤錛屽湪VC.Net 2003涓嬮潰閬囧埌閾炬帴闂錛岃繕娌℃湁瑙e喅錛?/p>
1.鍩烘湰婊¤凍 2.鍜孋PPUnit綾諱技錛屼絾寮鴻皟鐨勬槸鏀逛唬鐮佺殑闅懼害浠ュ強(qiáng)渚濊禆Boost鏈韓 3.閬垮紑浜?jiǎn)甯歌鐨剆etup/teardown緇撴瀯錛屽彲浠ヤ笉闇瑕佸姩鎬佺敓鎴恌ixture 瀵硅薄錛屽彲浠ュ皢fixture瀵硅薄鏀懼埌stack閲岄潰銆?/p>
4.Boost.Test鍦ㄨ繖鏂歸潰瓚呰繃浜?jiǎn)鎵鏈夌殑鍏朵粬绔炰簤瀵規(guī)墜 5.Yes 6.澶ф鑳芥敮鎸侊紝浣嗘敼鍙樿緭鍑鴻繖浠朵簨鎯呭茍涓嶆槸寰堝鏄?/p>
7.鏀寔錛?..錛堣繖鍙ュ浣曠悊瑙o紵Yes, but with a big catch錛?/p>
Overall,Boost.Test is a library with a huge amount of potential. It has great support for exception handling and advanced assert statements. It also has other fairly unique functionality such as support for checking for infinite loops, and different levels of logging. On the other hand, it's very verbose to add new tests that are part of a suite, and it might be a bit heavy weight for game console environments. CppUnitLite(鐢變簬浣滆呮瘮杈冧簡(jiǎn)涓涓浠栨敼鍔ㄧ殑鐗堟湰錛屾垜涓嶅啀鍏蟲敞錛?/p>
NanoCppUnit錛堣繖涓簱鐢氳嚦闇瑕佷綘鍘諱粠web pages涓婇潰copy浠g爜錛岀劧鍚庤嚜宸辨悶涓涓伐紼嬶紝鎴戣寰楁垜涓嶅お鍠滄榪欑鏂瑰紡鐨刾ackage鍙戝竷錛屾瘯绔燂紝鎴戝笇鏈涘皯鎿嶅績(jī)錛屾墍浠ユ垜涔熶笉鍏蟲敞錛?/p>
Unit++ 棣栧厛鎸囧嚭涓涓嫭鐗圭殑鐗規(guī)э細(xì)More C++ Like錛屼綔鑰呯殑鎰忔濇槸瀹冩病鏈変嬌鐢ㄥ畯錛岀殑紜紝鍓嶉潰鍑犵framework寮濮嬩竴涓祴璇曠殑鏃跺欓兘浣跨敤浜?jiǎn)瀹忓Q岃繖鍦ㄨ澶欳++ Library涓槸鎯緥錛岀敤鏉ョ畝鍖栦竴浜涗唬鐮併傛垜浠氳繃浠庡熀綾葷戶鎵夸粠鑰屽垱寤烘祴璇曞寘錛屽綋鐒跺湪鍏朵粬framework閲岄潰鏈川涔熸槸榪欐牱錛屼絾鏄兘鏀懼湪騫曞悗榪涜錛屽畯鎺╃洊浜?jiǎn)鍏蜂綋鎯呭嘃c(diǎn)?/p>
1.涓嶅ソ 2.涓鑸埇 3.涓嶆敮鎸?/p>
4.琛ㄧ幇騫沖潎 5.鏂囨。娌¤濡備綍鏀寔涓嶅悓鐨勮緭鍑?/p>
6.涓嶆敮鎸佹誕鐐規(guī)暟 7.鏀寔 CxxTest 棣栧厛浣滆呰涓烘枃妗f渶濂斤紙寰堥噸瑕侊紵錛夊彟澶栦綔鑰呮寚鍑?CxxTest鐨勪綔鑰匛rez Volk鎰忚瘑鍒版垜浠槸鍦ㄥ啓宸ュ叿甯姪嫻嬭瘯C++紼嬪簭錛屾墍浠ヤ笉蹇呭彈闄愪簬C++鐨勭壒寰併? 1.闈炲父濂?/p>
2.寰堝ソ 3.鏀寔 4.寰堝ソ 5.yes 6.yes 7.yes 鏂囩珷鏈鍚庣粰鍑轟竴涓患榪幫細(xì)鏄釜琛ㄧ幇濂界殑錛孋PPUnit, CppUnitLite, Boost.Test, CxxTest錛屼綔鑰呮湰浜哄枩嬈xxTest. (瀹?
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鍏ㄩ潰浠嬬粛鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯 錛嶈漿璐?/span>
榪欐槸涓綃囧叏闈粙緇嶅崟鍏冩祴璇曠殑緇忓吀涔嬩綔錛屽鐞嗚В鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鍜孷isual Unit寰堟湁甯姪錛屼綔鑰呰佺撼錛屾敹褰曟椂浣滀簡(jiǎn)灝戦噺淇敼
涓銆鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯姒傝堪
銆銆宸ュ巶鍦ㄧ粍瑁呬竴鍙扮數(shù)瑙嗘満涔嬪墠錛屼細(xì)瀵規(guī)瘡涓厓浠墮兘榪涜嫻嬭瘯錛岃繖錛屽氨鏄崟鍏冩祴璇曘?br>銆銆鍏跺疄鎴戜滑姣忓ぉ閮藉湪鍋氬崟鍏冩祴璇曘備綘鍐欎簡(jiǎn)涓涓嚱鏁幫紝闄や簡(jiǎn)鏋佺畝鍗曠殑澶栵紝鎬繪槸瑕佹墽琛屼竴涓嬶紝鐪嬬湅鍔熻兘鏄惁姝e父錛屾湁鏃惰繕瑕佹兂鍔炴硶杈撳嚭浜涙暟鎹紝濡傚脊鍑轟俊鎭獥鍙d粈涔堢殑錛岃繖錛屼篃鏄崟鍏冩祴璇曪紝鑰佺撼鎶婅繖縐嶅崟鍏冩祴璇曠О涓轟復(fù)鏃跺崟鍏冩祴璇曘傚彧榪涜浜?jiǎn)鋸?fù)鏃跺崟鍏冩祴璇曠殑杞歡錛岄拡瀵逛唬鐮佺殑嫻嬭瘯寰堜笉瀹屾暣錛屼唬鐮佽鐩栫巼瑕佽秴榪?0%閮藉緢鍥伴毦錛屾湭瑕嗙洊鐨勪唬鐮佸彲鑳介仐鐣欏ぇ閲忕殑緇嗗皬鐨勯敊璇紝榪欎簺閿欒榪樹細(xì)浜掔浉褰卞搷錛屽綋BUG鏆撮湶鍑烘潵鐨勬椂鍊欓毦浜庤皟璇曪紝澶у箙搴︽彁楂樺悗鏈熸祴璇曞拰緇存姢鎴愭湰錛屼篃闄嶄綆浜?jiǎn)寮鍙戝晢鐨勭珵浜夊姏銆傚彲浠ヨ錛岃繘琛屽厖鍒嗙殑鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯錛屾槸鎻愰珮杞歡璐ㄩ噺錛岄檷浣庡紑鍙戞垚鏈殑蹇呯敱涔嬭礬銆?br>銆銆瀵逛簬紼嬪簭鍛樻潵璇達(dá)紝濡傛灉鍏繪垚浜?jiǎn)瀵硅嚜宸卞啓鐨勪唬鐮仒q涜鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鐨勪範(fàn)鎯紝涓嶄絾鍙互鍐欏嚭楂樿川閲忕殑浠g爜錛岃屼笖榪樿兘鎻愰珮緙栫▼姘村鉤銆?br>銆銆瑕佽繘琛屽厖鍒嗙殑鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯錛屽簲涓撻棬緙栧啓嫻嬭瘯浠g爜錛屽茍涓庝駭鍝佷唬鐮侀殧紱匯傝佺撼璁や負(fù)錛屾瘮杈冪畝鍗曠殑鍔炴硶鏄負(fù)浜у搧宸ョ▼寤虹珛瀵瑰簲鐨勬祴璇曞伐紼嬶紝涓烘瘡涓被寤虹珛瀵瑰簲鐨勬祴璇曠被錛屼負(fù)姣忎釜鍑芥暟錛堝緢綆鍗曠殑闄ゅ錛夊緩绔嬫祴璇曞嚱鏁般傞鍏堝氨鍑犱釜姒傚康璋堣皥鑰佺撼鐨勭湅娉曘?br>銆銆涓鑸涓猴紝鍦ㄧ粨鏋勫寲紼嬪簭鏃朵唬錛屽崟鍏冩祴璇曟墍璇寸殑鍗曞厓鏄寚鍑芥暟錛屽湪褰撲粖鐨勯潰鍚戝璞℃椂浠o紝鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鎵璇寸殑鍗曞厓鏄寚綾匯備互鑰佺撼鐨勫疄璺墊潵鐪嬶紝浠ョ被浣滀負(fù)嫻嬭瘯鍗曚綅錛屽鏉傚害楂橈紝鍙搷浣滄ц緝宸紝鍥犳浠嶇劧涓誨紶浠ュ嚱鏁頒綔涓哄崟鍏冩祴璇曠殑嫻嬭瘯鍗曚綅錛屼絾鍙互鐢ㄤ竴涓祴璇曠被鏉ョ粍緇囨煇涓被鐨勬墍鏈夋祴璇曞嚱鏁般傚崟鍏冩祴璇曚笉搴旇繃鍒嗗己璋冮潰鍚戝璞★紝鍥犱負(fù)灞閮ㄤ唬鐮佷緷鐒舵槸緇撴瀯鍖栫殑銆傚崟鍏冩祴璇曠殑宸ヤ綔閲忚緝澶э紝綆鍗曞疄鐢ㄩ珮鏁堟墠鏄‖閬撶悊銆?br>銆銆鏈変竴縐嶇湅娉曟槸錛屽彧嫻嬭瘯綾葷殑鎺ュ彛(鍏湁鍑芥暟)錛屼笉嫻嬭瘯鍏朵粬鍑芥暟錛屼粠闈㈠悜瀵硅薄瑙掑害鏉ョ湅錛岀‘瀹炴湁鍏墮亾鐞嗭紝浣嗘槸錛屾祴璇曠殑鐩殑鏄壘閿欏茍鏈緇堟帓閿欙紝鍥犳錛屽彧瑕佹槸鍖呭惈閿欒鐨勫彲鑳芥ц緝澶х殑鍑芥暟閮借嫻嬭瘯錛岃窡鍑芥暟鏄惁縐佹湁娌℃湁鍏崇郴銆傚浜嶤++鏉ヨ錛屽彲浠ョ敤涓縐嶇畝鍗曠殑鏂規(guī)硶鍖洪殧闇嫻嬭瘯鐨勫嚱鏁幫細(xì)綆鍗曠殑鍑芥暟濡傛暟鎹鍐欏嚱鏁扮殑瀹炵幇鍦ㄥご鏂囦歡涓紪鍐?inline鍑芥暟)錛屾墍鏈夊湪婧愭枃浠剁紪鍐欏疄鐜扮殑鍑芥暟閮借榪涜嫻嬭瘯(鏋勯犲嚱鏁板拰鏋愭瀯鍑芥暟闄ゅ)銆?br>銆銆浠涔堟椂鍊欐祴璇曪紵鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯瓚婃棭瓚婂ソ錛屾棭鍒頒粈涔堢▼搴︼紵XP寮鍙戠悊璁鴻絀禩DD錛屽嵆嫻嬭瘯椹卞姩寮鍙戯紝鍏堢紪鍐欐祴璇曚唬鐮侊紝鍐嶈繘琛屽紑鍙戙傚湪瀹為檯鐨勫伐浣滀腑錛屽彲浠ヤ笉蹇呰繃鍒嗗己璋冨厛浠涔堝悗浠涔堬紝閲嶈鐨勬槸楂樻晥鍜屾劅瑙夎垝閫傘備粠鑰佺撼鐨勭粡楠屾潵鐪嬶紝鍏堢紪鍐欎駭鍝佸嚱鏁扮殑妗嗘灦錛岀劧鍚庣紪鍐欐祴璇曞嚱鏁幫紝閽堝浜у搧鍑芥暟鐨勫姛鑳界紪鍐欐祴璇曠敤渚嬶紝鐒跺悗緙栧啓浜у搧鍑芥暟鐨勪唬鐮侊紝姣忓啓涓涓姛鑳界偣閮借繍琛屾祴璇曪紝闅忔椂琛ュ厖嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥銆傛墍璋撳厛緙栧啓浜у搧鍑芥暟鐨勬鏋訛紝鏄寚鍏堢紪鍐欏嚱鏁扮┖鐨勫疄鐜幫紝鏈夎繑鍥炲肩殑闅忎究榪斿洖涓涓鹼紝緙栬瘧閫氳繃鍚庡啀緙栧啓嫻嬭瘯浠g爜錛岃繖鏃訛紝鍑芥暟鍚嶃佸弬鏁拌〃銆佽繑鍥炵被鍨嬮兘搴旇紜畾涓嬫潵浜?jiǎn)锛屾墍緙栧啓鐨勬祴璇曚唬鐮佷互鍚庨渶淇敼鐨勫彲鑳芥ф瘮杈冨皬銆?br>銆銆鐢辮皝嫻嬭瘯錛熷崟鍏冩祴璇曚笌鍏朵粬嫻嬭瘯涓嶅悓錛屽崟鍏冩祴璇曞彲鐪嬩綔鏄紪鐮佸伐浣滅殑涓閮ㄥ垎錛屽簲璇ョ敱紼嬪簭鍛樺畬鎴愶紝涔熷氨鏄錛岀粡榪囦簡(jiǎn)鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鐨勪唬鐮佹墠鏄凡瀹屾垚鐨勪唬鐮侊紝鎻愪氦浜у搧浠g爜鏃朵篃瑕佸悓鏃舵彁浜ゆ祴璇曚唬鐮併傛祴璇曢儴闂ㄥ彲浠ヤ綔涓瀹氱▼搴︾殑瀹℃牳銆?br>銆銆鍏充簬妗╀唬鐮侊紝鑰佺撼璁や負(fù)錛屽崟鍏冩祴璇曞簲閬垮厤緙栧啓妗╀唬鐮併傛々浠g爜灝辨槸鐢ㄦ潵浠f浛鏌愪簺浠g爜鐨勪唬鐮侊紝渚嬪錛屼駭鍝佸嚱鏁版垨嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟璋冪敤浜?jiǎn)涓涓湭緙栧啓鐨勫嚱鏁幫紝鍙互緙栧啓妗╁嚱鏁版潵浠f浛璇ヨ璋冪敤鐨勫嚱鏁幫紝妗╀唬鐮佷篃鐢ㄤ簬瀹炵幇嫻嬭瘯闅旂銆傞噰鐢ㄧ敱搴曞悜涓婄殑鏂瑰紡榪涜寮鍙戯紝搴曞眰鐨勪唬鐮佸厛寮鍙戝茍鍏堟祴璇曪紝鍙互閬垮厤緙栧啓妗╀唬鐮侊紝榪欐牱鍋氱殑濂藉鏈夛細(xì)鍑忓皯浜?jiǎn)宸ヤ綔閲忓Q涙祴璇曚笂灞傚嚱鏁版椂錛屼篃鏄涓嬪眰鍑芥暟鐨勯棿鎺ユ祴璇曪紱褰撲笅灞傚嚱鏁頒慨鏀規(guī)椂錛岄氳繃鍥炲綊嫻嬭瘯鍙互紜淇敼鏄惁瀵艱嚧涓婂眰鍑芥暟浜х敓閿欒銆?br>
浜屻嫻嬭瘯浠g爜緙栧啓
銆銆澶氭暟璁茶堪鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鐨勬枃绔犻兘鏄互Java涓轟緥錛屾湰鏂囦互C++涓轟緥錛屽悗鍗婇儴鍒嗘墍浠嬬粛鐨勫崟鍏冩祴璇曞伐鍏蜂篃鍙粙緇岰++鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯宸ュ叿銆備笅闈㈢殑紺轟緥浠g爜鐨勫紑鍙戠幆澧冩槸VC6.0銆?br>
浜у搧綾伙細(xì)
class CMyClass
{
public:
int Add(int i, int j);
CMyClass();
virtual ~CMyClass();
private:
int mAge; //騫撮緞
CString mPhase; //騫撮緞闃舵錛屽"灝戝勾"錛?闈掑勾"
};
寤虹珛瀵瑰簲鐨勬祴璇曠被CMyClassTester錛屼負(fù)浜?jiǎn)鑺偩U︾紪騫咃紝鍙垪鍑烘簮鏂囦歡鐨勪唬鐮侊細(xì)
void CMyClassTester::CaseBegin()
{
//pObj鏄疌MyClassTester綾葷殑鎴愬憳鍙橀噺錛屾槸琚祴璇曠被鐨勫璞$殑鎸囬拡錛?br> //涓烘眰綆鍗曪紝鎵鏈夌殑嫻嬭瘯綾婚兘鍙互鐢╬Obj鍛藉悕琚祴璇曞璞$殑鎸囬拡銆?br> pObj = new CMyClass();
}
void CMyClassTester::CaseEnd()
{
delete pObj;
}
嫻嬭瘯綾葷殑鍑芥暟CaseBegin()鍜孋aseEnd()寤虹珛鍜岄攢姣佽嫻嬭瘯瀵硅薄錛屾瘡涓祴璇曠敤渚嬬殑寮澶撮兘瑕佽皟鐢–aseBegin()錛岀粨灝鵑兘瑕佽皟鐢–aseEnd()銆?br>
鎺ヤ笅鏉ワ紝鎴戜滑寤虹珛紺轟緥鐨勪駭鍝佸嚱鏁幫細(xì)
int CMyClass::Add(int i, int j)
{
return i+j;
}
鍜屽搴旂殑嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟錛?br>void CMyClassTester::Add_int_int()
{
}
鎶婂弬鏁拌〃浣滀負(fù)鍑芥暟鍚嶇殑涓閮ㄥ垎錛岃繖鏍峰綋鍑虹幇閲嶈澆鐨勮嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟鏃訛紝嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟涓嶄細(xì)浜х敓鍛藉悕鍐茬獊銆備笅闈㈡坊鍔犳祴璇曠敤渚嬶細(xì)
void CMyClassTester::Add_int_int()
{
//絎竴涓祴璇曠敤渚?br> CaseBegin();{ //1
int i = 0; //2
int j = 0; //3
int ret = pObj->Add(i, j); //4
ASSERT(ret == 0); //5
}CaseEnd(); //6
}
絎?鍜岀6琛屽緩绔嬪拰閿姣佽嫻嬭瘯瀵硅薄錛屾墍鍔犵殑{}鏄負(fù)浜?jiǎn)璁╂瘡涓獘箣璇曠敤渚嬬殑浠g爜鏈変竴涓嫭绔嬬殑鍩燂紝浠ヤ究澶氫釜嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥浣跨敤鐩稿悓鐨勫彉閲忓悕銆?br>絎?鍜岀3琛屾槸瀹氫箟杈撳叆鏁版嵁錛岀4琛屾槸璋冪敤琚祴璇曞嚱鏁幫紝榪欎簺瀹規(guī)槗鐞嗚В錛屼笉浣滆繘涓姝ヨВ閲娿傜5琛屾槸棰勬湡杈撳嚭錛屽畠鐨勭壒鐐規(guī)槸褰撳疄闄呰緭鍑轟笌棰勬湡杈撳嚭涓嶅悓鏃惰嚜鍔ㄦ姤閿欙紝ASSERT鏄疺C鐨勬柇璦瀹忥紝涔熷彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ叾浠栫被浼煎姛鑳界殑瀹忥紝浣跨敤嫻嬭瘯宸ュ叿榪涜鍗曞厓嫻嬭瘯鏃訛紝鍙互浣跨敤璇ュ伐鍏峰畾涔夌殑鏂█瀹忋?br>
銆銆紺轟緥涓殑鏍煎紡鏄懼緱寰堜笉綆媧侊紝2銆侊紦銆?銆?琛屽彲浠ュ悎鍐欎負(fù)涓琛岋細(xì)ASSERT(pObj->Add(0, 0) == 0);浣嗚繖縐嶄笉綆媧佺殑鏍煎紡鍗存槸鑰佺撼鏋佸姏鎺ㄨ崘鐨勶紝鍥犱負(fù)瀹冧竴鐩簡(jiǎn)鐒?dòng)灱屾槗浜庡缓绔嬪涓獘箣璇曠敤渚嬪Q屽茍涓斿叿鏈夊緢濂界殑閫傚簲鎬э紝鍚屾椂錛屼篃鏄瀬浣崇殑浠g爜鏂囨。錛屾諱箣錛岃佺撼寤鴻錛氳緭鍏ユ暟鎹拰棰勬湡杈撳嚭瑕佽嚜鎴愪竴鍧椼?br>銆銆寤虹珛浜?jiǎn)绗竴涓祴璇曠敤渚嬪悗錛屽簲緙栬瘧騫惰繍琛屾祴璇曪紝浠ユ帓闄よ娉曢敊璇紝鐒跺悗錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ嫹璐?淇敼鐨勫姙娉曞緩绔嬪叾浠栨祴璇曠敤渚嬨傜敱浜庡悇涓祴璇曠敤渚嬩箣闂寸殑宸埆寰寰寰堝皬錛岄氬父鍙渶淇敼涓涓や釜鏁版嵁錛屾嫹璐?淇敼鏄緩绔嬪涓祴璇曠敤渚嬬殑鏈蹇嵎鍔炴硶銆?br>
涓夈嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥
銆銆涓嬮潰璇磋嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥銆佽緭鍏ユ暟鎹強(qiáng)棰勬湡杈撳嚭銆傝緭鍏ユ暟鎹槸嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥鐨勬牳蹇?jī)锛岃佺撼瀵硅緭鍏ユ暟鎹殑瀹氫箟鏄細(xì)琚祴璇曞嚱鏁版墍璇誨彇鐨勫閮ㄦ暟鎹強(qiáng)榪欎簺鏁版嵁鐨勫垵濮嬪箋傚閮ㄦ暟鎹槸瀵逛簬琚祴璇曞嚱鏁版潵璇寸殑錛屽疄闄呬笂灝辨槸闄や簡(jiǎn)灞閮ㄥ彉閲忎互澶栫殑鍏朵粬鏁版嵁錛岃佺撼鎶婅繖浜涙暟鎹垎涓哄嚑綾伙細(xì)鍙傛暟銆佹垚鍛樺彉閲忋佸叏灞鍙橀噺銆両O濯掍綋銆侷O濯掍綋鏄寚鏂囦歡銆佹暟鎹簱鎴栧叾浠栧偍瀛樻垨浼犺緭鏁版嵁鐨勫獟浣擄紝渚嬪錛岃嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟瑕佷粠鏂囦歡鎴栨暟鎹簱璇誨彇鏁版嵁錛岄偅涔堬紝鏂囦歡鎴栨暟鎹簱涓殑鍘熷鏁版嵁涔熷睘浜庤緭鍏ユ暟鎹備竴涓嚱鏁版棤璁哄澶嶆潅錛岄兘鏃犻潪鏄榪欏嚑綾繪暟鎹殑璇誨彇銆佽綆楀拰鍐欏叆銆傞鏈熻緭鍑烘槸鎸囷細(xì)榪斿洖鍊煎強(qiáng)琚祴璇曞嚱鏁版墍鍐欏叆鐨勫閮ㄦ暟鎹殑緇撴灉鍊箋傝繑鍥炲煎氨涓嶇敤璇翠簡(jiǎn)錛岃嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟榪涜浜?jiǎn)鍐欐搷浣滅殑鍙傛?杈撳嚭鍙傛暟)銆佹垚鍛樺彉閲忋佸叏灞鍙橀噺銆両O濯掍綋錛屽畠浠殑棰勬湡鐨勭粨鏋滃奸兘鏄鏈熻緭鍑恒備竴涓祴璇曠敤渚嬶紝灝辨槸璁懼畾杈撳叆鏁版嵁錛岃繍琛岃嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟錛岀劧鍚庡垽鏂疄闄呰緭鍑烘槸鍚︾鍚堥鏈熴備笅闈婦涓涓笌鎴愬憳鍙橀噺鏈夊叧鐨勪緥瀛愶細(xì)
浜у搧鍑芥暟錛?br>void CMyClass::Grow(int years)
{
mAge += years;
if(mAge < 10)
mPhase = "鍎跨";
else if(mAge <20)
mPhase = "灝戝勾";
else if(mAge <45)
mPhase = "闈掑勾";
else if(mAge <60)
mPhase = "涓勾";
else
mPhase = "鑰佸勾";
}
嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟涓殑涓涓祴璇曠敤渚嬶細(xì)
CaseBegin();{
int years = 1;
pObj->mAge = 8;
pObj->Grow(years);
ASSERT( pObj->mAge == 9 );
ASSERT( pObj->mPhase == "鍎跨" );
}CaseEnd();
鍦ㄨ緭鍏ユ暟鎹腑瀵硅嫻嬭瘯綾葷殑鎴愬憳鍙橀噺mAge榪涜璧嬪鹼紝鍦ㄩ鏈熻緭鍑轟腑鏂█鎴愬憳鍙橀噺鐨勫箋傜幇鍦ㄥ彲浠ョ湅鍒拌佺撼鎵鎺ㄨ崘鐨勬牸寮忕殑濂藉浜?jiǎn)鍚уQ岃繖縐嶆牸寮忓彲浠ラ傚簲寰堝鏉傜殑嫻嬭瘯銆傚湪杈撳叆鏁版嵁閮ㄥ垎榪樺彲浠ヨ皟鐢ㄥ叾浠栨垚鍛樺嚱鏁幫紝渚嬪錛氭墽琛岃嫻嬭瘯鍑芥暟鍓嶅彲鑳介渶瑕佽鍙栨枃浠朵腑鐨勬暟鎹繚瀛樺埌鎴愬憳鍙橀噺錛屾垨闇瑕佽繛鎺ユ暟鎹簱錛岃佺撼鎶婅繖浜涙搷浣滅О涓哄垵濮嬪寲鎿嶄綔銆備緥濡傦紝涓婁緥涓?ASSERT( ...)涔嬪墠鍙互鍔爌Obj->OpenFile();銆備負(fù)浜?jiǎn)璁块棶绉佹湁鎴愬憳锛屽彲浠畣娴嬭瘯绫诲畾涔変皋Z駭鍝佺被鐨勫弸鍏冪被銆備緥濡傦紝瀹氫箟涓涓畯錛?br>#define UNIT_TEST(cls) friend class cls##Tester;
鐒跺悗鍦ㄤ駭鍝佺被澹版槑涓姞涓琛屼唬鐮侊細(xì)UNIT_TEST(ClassName)銆?br>
銆銆涓嬮潰璋堣皥嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥璁捐銆傚墠闈㈠凡緇忚浜?jiǎn)锛寢箣璇曠敤渚嬬殑鏍稿績(jī)鏄緭鍏ユ暟鎹傞鏈熻緭鍑烘槸渚濇嵁杈撳叆鏁版嵁鍜岀▼搴忓姛鑳芥潵紜畾鐨勶紝涔熷氨鏄錛屽浜庢煇涓紼嬪簭錛岃緭鍏ユ暟鎹‘瀹氫簡(jiǎn)錛岄鏈熻緭鍑轟篃灝卞彲浠ョ‘瀹氫簡(jiǎn)錛岃嚦浜庣敓鎴?閿姣佽嫻嬭瘯瀵硅薄鍜岃繍琛屾祴璇曠殑璇彞錛屾槸鎵鏈夋祴璇曠敤渚嬮兘澶у悓灝忓紓鐨勶紝鍥犳錛屾垜浠璁烘祴璇曠敤渚嬫椂錛屽彧璁ㄨ杈撳叆鏁版嵁銆?br>銆銆鍓嶉潰璇磋繃錛岃緭鍏ユ暟鎹寘鎷洓綾伙細(xì)鍙傛暟銆佹垚鍛樺彉閲忋佸叏灞鍙橀噺銆両O濯掍綋錛岃繖鍥涚被鏁版嵁涓紝鍙鎵嫻嬭瘯鐨勭▼搴忛渶瑕佹墽琛岃鎿嶄綔鐨勶紝灝辮璁懼畾鍏跺垵濮嬪鹼紝鍏朵腑錛屽墠涓ょ被姣旇緝甯哥敤錛屽悗涓ょ被杈冨皯鐢ㄣ傛樉鐒?dòng)灱屾妸杈撳叆鏁版嵁鐨勬墍鏈夊彲鑳藉彇鍊奸兘榪涜嫻嬭瘯錛屾槸涓嶅彲鑳戒篃鏄棤鎰忎箟鐨勶紝鎴戜滑搴旇鐢ㄤ竴瀹氱殑瑙勫垯閫夋嫨鏈変唬琛ㄦх殑鏁版嵁浣滀負(fù)杈撳叆鏁版嵁錛屼富瑕佹湁涓夌錛氭甯歌緭鍏ワ紝杈圭晫杈撳叆錛岄潪娉曡緭鍏ワ紝姣忕杈撳叆榪樺彲浠ュ垎綾伙紝涔熷氨鏄鉤甯歌鐨勭瓑浠風(fēng)被娉曪紝姣忕被鍙栦竴涓暟鎹綔涓鴻緭鍏ユ暟鎹紝濡傛灉嫻嬭瘯閫氳繃錛屽彲浠ヨ偗瀹氬悓綾葷殑鍏朵粬杈撳叆涔熸槸鍙互閫氳繃鐨勩備笅闈婦渚嬭鏄庯細(xì)
銆銆姝e父杈撳叆
銆銆渚嬪瀛楃涓茬殑Trim鍑芥暟錛屽姛鑳芥槸灝嗗瓧絎︿覆鍓嶅悗鐨勭┖鏍煎幓闄わ紝閭d箞姝e父鐨勮緭鍏ュ彲浠ユ湁鍥涚被錛氬墠闈㈡湁絀烘牸錛涘悗闈㈡湁絀烘牸錛涘墠鍚庡潎鏈夌┖鏍鹼紱鍓嶅悗鍧囨棤絀烘牸銆?br>銆銆杈圭晫杈撳叆
銆銆涓婁緥涓┖瀛楃涓插彲浠ョ湅浣滄槸杈圭晫杈撳叆銆?br>銆銆鍐嶅涓涓〃紺哄勾榫勭殑鍙傛暟錛屽畠鐨勬湁鏁堣寖鍥存槸0-100錛岄偅涔堣竟鐣岃緭鍏ユ湁涓や釜錛?鍜?00銆?br>銆銆闈炴硶杈撳叆
銆銆闈炴硶杈撳叆鏄甯稿彇鍊艱寖鍥翠互澶栫殑鏁版嵁錛屾垨浣夸唬鐮佷笉鑳藉畬鎴愭甯稿姛鑳界殑杈撳叆錛屽涓婁緥涓〃紺哄勾榫勭殑鍙傛暟錛屽皬浜?鎴栧ぇ浜?00閮芥槸闈炴硶杈撳叆錛屽啀濡備竴涓繘琛屾枃浠舵搷浣滅殑鍑芥暟錛岄潪娉曡緭鍏ユ湁榪欎箞鍑犵被錛氭枃浠朵笉瀛樺湪錛涚洰褰曚笉瀛樺湪錛涙枃浠舵鍦ㄨ鍏朵粬紼嬪簭鎵撳紑錛涙潈闄愰敊璇?br>銆銆濡傛灉鍑芥暟浣跨敤浜?jiǎn)澶栭儴鏁版嵁锛屽垯姝e父杈撳叆鏄偗瀹氫細(xì)鏈夌殑锛岃岃竟鐣岃緭鍏ュ拰闈炴硶杈撳叆涓嶆槸鎵鏈夊嚱鏁伴兘鏈夈備竴鑸儏鍐典笅錛屽嵆浣挎病鏈夎璁℃枃妗o紝鑰冭檻浠ヤ笂涓夌杈撳叆涔熷彲浠ユ壘鍑哄嚱鏁扮殑鍩烘湰鍔熻兘鐐廣傚疄闄呬笂錛屽崟鍏冩祴璇曚笌浠g爜緙栧啓鏄?#8220;涓浣撲袱闈?#8221;鐨勫叧緋伙紝緙栫爜鏃跺涓婅堪涓夌杈撳叆閮芥槸蹇呴』鑰冭檻鐨勶紝鍚﹀垯浠g爜鐨勫仴澹у氨浼?xì)鎴愰棶棰樸?br>
鍥涖鐧界洅瑕嗙洊
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