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涓涓鍒欒〃杈懼紡灝辨槸鐢辨櫘閫氬瓧絎︼紙渚嬪瀛楃 a 鍒?z錛変互鍙婄壒孌婂瓧絎︼紙縐頒負鍏冨瓧絎︼級緇勬垚鐨勬枃瀛楁ā寮忋傝妯″紡鎻忚堪鍦ㄦ煡鎵炬枃瀛椾富浣撴椂寰呭尮閰嶇殑涓涓垨澶氫釜瀛楃涓層傛鍒欒〃杈懼紡浣滀負涓涓ā鏉匡紝灝嗘煇涓瓧絎︽ā寮忎笌鎵鎼滅儲鐨勫瓧絎︿覆榪涜鍖歸厤銆?
\
灝嗕笅涓涓瓧絎︽爣璁頒負涓涓壒孌婂瓧絎︺佹垨涓涓師涔夊瓧絎︺佹垨涓涓?鍚庡悜寮曠敤銆佹垨涓涓叓榪涘埗杞箟絎︺備緥濡傦紝'n' 鍖歸厤瀛楃 "n"銆?\n' 鍖歸厤涓涓崲琛岀銆傚簭鍒?'\\' 鍖歸厤 "\" 鑰?"\(" 鍒欏尮閰?"("銆?
^
鍖歸厤杈撳叆瀛楃涓茬殑寮濮嬩綅緗?
$
鍖歸厤杈撳叆瀛楃涓茬殑緇撴潫浣嶇疆銆?
*
鍖歸厤鍓嶉潰鐨勫瓙琛ㄨ揪寮忛浂嬈℃垨澶氭銆備緥濡傦紝zo* 鑳藉尮閰?"z" 浠ュ強 "zoo"銆?* 絳変環浜巤0,}銆?
+
鍖歸厤鍓嶉潰鐨勫瓙琛ㄨ揪寮忎竴嬈℃垨澶氭銆備緥濡傦紝'zo+' 鑳藉尮閰?"zo" 浠ュ強 "zoo"錛屼絾涓嶈兘鍖歸厤 "z"銆? 絳変環浜?{1,}銆?
?
鍖歸厤鍓嶉潰鐨勫瓙琛ㄨ揪寮忛浂嬈℃垨涓嬈°備緥濡傦紝"do(es)?" 鍙互鍖歸厤 "do" 鎴?"does" 涓殑"do" 銆? 絳変環浜?{0,1}銆?
{n}
n 鏄竴涓潪璐熸暣鏁般傚尮閰嶇‘瀹氱殑 n 嬈°備緥濡傦紝'o{2}' 涓嶈兘鍖歸厤 "Bob" 涓殑 'o'錛屼絾鏄兘鍖歸厤 "food" 涓殑涓や釜 o銆?
{n,}
n 鏄竴涓潪璐熸暣鏁般傝嚦灝戝尮閰峮 嬈°備緥濡傦紝'o{2,}' 涓嶈兘鍖歸厤 "Bob" 涓殑 'o'錛屼絾鑳藉尮閰?"foooood" 涓殑鎵鏈?o銆?o{1,}' 絳変環浜?'o+'銆?o{0,}' 鍒欑瓑浠蜂簬 'o*'銆?
{n,m}
m 鍜?n 鍧囦負闈炶礋鏁存暟錛屽叾涓璶 <= m銆傛渶灝戝尮閰?n 嬈′笖鏈澶氬尮閰?m 嬈°?"o{1,3}" 灝嗗尮閰?"fooooood" 涓殑鍓嶄笁涓?o銆?o{0,1}' 絳変環浜?'o?'銆傝娉ㄦ剰鍦ㄩ楀彿鍜屼袱涓暟涔嬮棿涓嶈兘鏈夌┖鏍箋?
?
褰撹瀛楃绱ц窡鍦ㄤ換浣曚竴涓叾浠栭檺鍒剁 (*, +, ?, {n}, {n,}, {n,m})
鍚庨潰鏃訛紝鍖歸厤妯″紡鏄潪璐┆鐨勩傞潪璐┆妯″紡灝藉彲鑳藉皯鐨勫尮閰嶆墍鎼滅儲鐨勫瓧絎︿覆錛岃岄粯璁ょ殑璐┆妯″紡鍒欏敖鍙兘澶氱殑鍖歸厤鎵鎼滅儲鐨勫瓧絎︿覆銆備緥濡傦紝瀵逛簬瀛楃涓?
"oooo"錛?o+?' 灝嗗尮閰嶅崟涓?"o"錛岃?'o+' 灝嗗尮閰嶆墍鏈?'o'銆?
.
鍖歸厤闄?"\n" 涔嬪鐨勪換浣曞崟涓瓧絎︺傝鍖歸厤鍖呮嫭 '\n' 鍦ㄥ唴鐨勪換浣曞瓧絎︼紝璇蜂嬌鐢ㄨ薄 '[.\n]' 鐨勬ā寮忋?
(pattern)
鍖歸厤pattern 騫惰幏鍙栬繖涓鍖歸厤銆傛墍鑾峰彇鐨勫尮閰嶅彲浠ヤ粠浜х敓鐨?Matches 闆嗗悎寰楀埌錛屽湪VBScript 涓嬌鐢?SubMatches
闆嗗悎錛屽湪Visual Basic Scripting Edition 涓垯浣跨敤 $0鈥?9 灞炴с傝鍖歸厤鍦嗘嫭鍙峰瓧絎︼紝璇蜂嬌鐢?'\(' 鎴?
'\)'銆?
(?:pattern)
鍖歸厤 pattern 浣嗕笉鑾峰彇鍖歸厤緇撴灉錛屼篃灝辨槸璇磋繖鏄竴涓潪鑾峰彇鍖歸厤錛屼笉榪涜瀛樺偍渚涗互鍚庝嬌鐢ㄣ傝繖鍦ㄤ嬌鐢?"鎴? 瀛楃 (|)
鏉ョ粍鍚堜竴涓ā寮忕殑鍚勪釜閮ㄥ垎鏄緢鏈夌敤銆備緥濡傦紝 'industr(?:y|ies) 灝辨槸涓涓瘮 'industry|industries'
鏇寸畝鐣ョ殑琛ㄨ揪寮忋?
(?=pattern)
姝e悜棰勬煡錛屽湪浠諱綍鍖歸厤 pattern 鐨勫瓧絎︿覆寮濮嬪鍖歸厤鏌ユ壘瀛楃涓層傝繖鏄竴涓潪鑾峰彇鍖歸厤錛屼篃灝辨槸璇達紝璇ュ尮閰嶄笉闇瑕佽幏鍙栦緵浠ュ悗浣跨敤銆備緥濡傦紝
'Windows (?=95|98|NT|2000)' 鑳藉尮閰?"Windows 2000" 涓殑 "Windows" 錛屼絾涓嶈兘鍖歸厤
"Windows 3.1" 涓殑
"Windows"銆傞鏌ヤ笉娑堣楀瓧絎︼紝涔熷氨鏄錛屽湪涓涓尮閰嶅彂鐢熷悗錛屽湪鏈鍚庝竴嬈″尮閰嶄箣鍚庣珛鍗沖紑濮嬩笅涓嬈″尮閰嶇殑鎼滅儲錛岃屼笉鏄粠鍖呭惈棰勬煡鐨勫瓧絎︿箣鍚庡紑濮嬨?
(?!pattern)
璐熷悜棰勬煡錛屽湪浠諱綍涓嶅尮閰峃egative lookahead matches the search string at any point
where a string not matching pattern
鐨勫瓧絎︿覆寮濮嬪鍖歸厤鏌ユ壘瀛楃涓層傝繖鏄竴涓潪鑾峰彇鍖歸厤錛屼篃灝辨槸璇達紝璇ュ尮閰嶄笉闇瑕佽幏鍙栦緵浠ュ悗浣跨敤銆備緥濡?Windows
(?!95|98|NT|2000)' 鑳藉尮閰?"Windows 3.1" 涓殑 "Windows"錛屼絾涓嶈兘鍖歸厤 "Windows 2000"
涓殑
"Windows"銆傞鏌ヤ笉娑堣楀瓧絎︼紝涔熷氨鏄錛屽湪涓涓尮閰嶅彂鐢熷悗錛屽湪鏈鍚庝竴嬈″尮閰嶄箣鍚庣珛鍗沖紑濮嬩笅涓嬈″尮閰嶇殑鎼滅儲錛岃屼笉鏄粠鍖呭惈棰勬煡鐨勫瓧絎︿箣鍚庡紑濮嬨?
x|y
鍖歸厤 x 鎴?y銆備緥濡傦紝'z|food' 鑳藉尮閰?"z" 鎴?"food"銆?(z|f)ood' 鍒欏尮閰?"zood" 鎴?"food"銆?
[xyz]
瀛楃闆嗗悎銆傚尮閰嶆墍鍖呭惈鐨勪換鎰忎竴涓瓧絎︺備緥濡傦紝 '[abc]' 鍙互鍖歸厤 "plain" 涓殑 'a'銆?
[^xyz]
璐熷煎瓧絎﹂泦鍚堛傚尮閰嶆湭鍖呭惈鐨勪換鎰忓瓧絎︺備緥濡傦紝 '[^abc]' 鍙互鍖歸厤 "plain" 涓殑'p'銆?
[a-z]
瀛楃鑼冨洿銆傚尮閰嶆寚瀹氳寖鍥村唴鐨勪換鎰忓瓧絎︺備緥濡傦紝'[a-z]' 鍙互鍖歸厤 'a' 鍒?'z' 鑼冨洿鍐呯殑浠繪剰灝忓啓瀛楁瘝瀛楃銆?
[^a-z]
璐熷煎瓧絎﹁寖鍥淬傚尮閰嶄換浣曚笉鍦ㄦ寚瀹氳寖鍥村唴鐨勪換鎰忓瓧絎︺備緥濡傦紝'[^a-z]' 鍙互鍖歸厤浠諱綍涓嶅湪 'a' 鍒?'z' 鑼冨洿鍐呯殑浠繪剰瀛楃銆?
\b
鍖歸厤涓涓崟璇嶈竟鐣岋紝涔熷氨鏄寚鍗曡瘝鍜岀┖鏍奸棿鐨勪綅緗備緥濡傦紝 'er\b' 鍙互鍖歸厤"never" 涓殑 'er'錛屼絾涓嶈兘鍖歸厤 "verb" 涓殑 'er'銆?
\B
鍖歸厤闈炲崟璇嶈竟鐣屻?er\B' 鑳藉尮閰?"verb" 涓殑 'er'錛屼絾涓嶈兘鍖歸厤 "never" 涓殑 'er'銆?
\cx
鍖歸厤鐢眡鎸囨槑鐨勬帶鍒跺瓧絎︺備緥濡傦紝 \cM 鍖歸厤涓涓?Control-M 鎴栧洖杞︾銆?x 鐨勫煎繀欏諱負 A-Z 鎴?a-z 涔嬩竴銆傚惁鍒欙紝灝?c 瑙嗕負涓涓師涔夌殑 'c' 瀛楃銆?
\d
鍖歸厤涓涓暟瀛楀瓧絎︺傜瓑浠蜂簬 [0-9]銆?
\D
鍖歸厤涓涓潪鏁板瓧瀛楃銆傜瓑浠蜂簬 [^0-9]銆?
\f
鍖歸厤涓涓崲欏電銆傜瓑浠蜂簬 \x0c 鍜?\cL銆?
\n
鍖歸厤涓涓崲琛岀銆傜瓑浠蜂簬 \x0a 鍜?\cJ銆?
\r
鍖歸厤涓涓洖杞︾銆傜瓑浠蜂簬 \x0d 鍜?\cM銆?
\s
鍖歸厤浠諱綍絀虹櫧瀛楃錛屽寘鎷┖鏍箋佸埗琛ㄧ銆佹崲欏電絳夌瓑銆傜瓑浠蜂簬 [ \f\n\r\t\v]銆?
\S
鍖歸厤浠諱綍闈炵┖鐧藉瓧絎︺傜瓑浠蜂簬 [^ \f\n\r\t\v]銆?
\t
鍖歸厤涓涓埗琛ㄧ銆傜瓑浠蜂簬 \x09 鍜?\cI銆?
\v
鍖歸厤涓涓瀭鐩村埗琛ㄧ銆傜瓑浠蜂簬 \x0b 鍜?\cK銆?
\w
鍖歸厤鍖呮嫭涓嬪垝綰跨殑浠諱綍鍗曡瘝瀛楃銆傜瓑浠蜂簬'[A-Za-z0-9_]'銆?
\W
鍖歸厤浠諱綍闈炲崟璇嶅瓧絎︺傜瓑浠蜂簬 '[^A-Za-z0-9_]'銆?
\xn
鍖歸厤 n錛屽叾涓?n 涓哄崄鍏繘鍒惰漿涔夊箋傚崄鍏繘鍒惰漿涔夊煎繀欏諱負紜畾鐨勪袱涓暟瀛楅暱銆備緥濡傦紝 '\x41' 鍖歸厤 "A"銆?\x041' 鍒欑瓑浠蜂簬 '\x04' & "1"銆傛鍒欒〃杈懼紡涓彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?ASCII 緙栫爜銆?
\num
鍖歸厤 num錛屽叾涓?num 鏄竴涓鏁存暟銆傚鎵鑾峰彇鐨勫尮閰嶇殑寮曠敤銆備緥濡傦紝'(.)\1' 鍖歸厤涓や釜榪炵畫鐨勭浉鍚屽瓧絎︺?
\n
鏍囪瘑涓涓叓榪涘埗杞箟鍊兼垨涓涓悗鍚戝紩鐢ㄣ傚鏋?\n 涔嬪墠鑷沖皯 n 涓幏鍙栫殑瀛愯〃杈懼紡錛屽垯 n 涓哄悗鍚戝紩鐢ㄣ傚惁鍒欙紝濡傛灉 n 涓哄叓榪涘埗鏁板瓧 (0-7)錛屽垯 n 涓轟竴涓叓榪涘埗杞箟鍊箋?
\nm
鏍囪瘑涓涓叓榪涘埗杞箟鍊兼垨涓涓悗鍚戝紩鐢ㄣ傚鏋?\nm 涔嬪墠鑷沖皯鏈塱s preceded by at least nm 涓幏鍙栧緱瀛愯〃杈懼紡錛屽垯 nm
涓哄悗鍚戝紩鐢ㄣ傚鏋?\nm 涔嬪墠鑷沖皯鏈?n 涓幏鍙栵紝鍒?n 涓轟竴涓悗璺熸枃瀛?m 鐨勫悗鍚戝紩鐢ㄣ傚鏋滃墠闈㈢殑鏉′歡閮戒笉婊¤凍錛岃嫢 n 鍜?m
鍧囦負鍏繘鍒舵暟瀛?(0-7)錛屽垯 \nm 灝嗗尮閰嶅叓榪涘埗杞箟鍊?nm銆?
\nml
濡傛灉 n 涓哄叓榪涘埗鏁板瓧 (0-3)錛屼笖 m 鍜?l 鍧囦負鍏繘鍒舵暟瀛?(0-7)錛屽垯鍖歸厤鍏繘鍒惰漿涔夊?nml銆?
\un
鍖歸厤 n錛屽叾涓?n 鏄竴涓敤鍥涗釜鍗佸叚榪涘埗鏁板瓧琛ㄧず鐨?Unicode 瀛楃銆備緥濡傦紝 \u00A9 鍖歸厤鐗堟潈絎﹀彿 (?)
]]>
1 浠涔堟槸姝h琛ㄧず娉曪細
浠涔堟槸姝h琛ㄧず寮?( Regular Exdivssion, 搴曚笅綆縐?RE ) 鍛紵
榪欎簺鐗規畩鐨勫瓧絎︿笌鎼厤浣跨敤鐨勫伐鍏鳳紝灝辨瀯鎴愪簡姝h琛ㄧず娉曠殑涓昏醬錛?
渚嬪 /etc/rc.d/init.d 榪欎釜鐩綍褰撲腑濂戒簡錛屽鏋滀綘瑕佹壘鍒頒竴涓枃浠?nobr id="key4" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(102, 0, 255); text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(102, 0, 255); background-color: transparent;" onclick="return kwC();" target="_blank" oncontextmenu="return false;" onmouseover="kwE(event,4, this);" onmouseout="kwL(event, this);" onmousemove="kwM(4);">鍐呭鍚湁 mail 榪欎釜瀛楃涓茬殑鏂囦歡鍚嶏紝瑕佹庝箞鎼滃鍛紵鍒╃敤 grep 閰嶅悎 mail 浠ュ強涓囩敤瀛楃鏉ユ悳瀵繪墍鏈夌殑鏂囦歡鍚嶃巊rep 'mail' /etc/rc.d/init.d/*銆?
2 姝h琛ㄧず娉曞浜?a target="_blank">緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樼殑鐢ㄩ旓細
瀵逛簬緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樻潵璇達紝姝h琛ㄧず娉曞垯鏄竴涓庝笉鍙笉瀛︾殑濂戒笢瑗匡紒銆忕敱浜庣郴緇熷鏋滃湪綣佸繖鐨勬儏鍐典箣涓嬶紝姣忓ぉ浜х敓鐨勮鎭?nobr id="key3" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(102, 0, 255); text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(102, 0, 255); background-color: transparent;" onclick="return kwC();" target="_blank" oncontextmenu="return false;" onmouseover="kwE(event,3, this);" onmouseout="kwL(event, this);" onmousemove="kwM(3);">淇℃伅浼? 澶氬埌浣犳棤娉曟兂璞$殑鍦版錛岃屾垜浠篃閮界煡閬擄紝緋葷粺鐨勩庨敊璇鎭櫥褰曟枃浠躲? 鐨勫唴瀹硅杞戒簡緋葷粺浜х敓鐨勬墍鏈夎鎭紝褰撶劧錛岃繖鍖呭惈浣犵殑緋葷粺鏄惁琚庡叆渚點忕殑綰綍鏁版嵁銆備絾鏄郴緇熺殑鏁版嵁閲忓お澶т簡錛岃緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樼殑 浣犳瘡澶╁幓鐪嬭繖涔堝鐨勮鎭暟鎹紝鎯充笉鐤帀閮藉緢闅撅紝榪欎釜鏃跺欙紝鎴戜滑灝卞彲浠ラ忚繃銆庢瑙勮〃紺烘硶銆忕殑鍔熻兘錛屽皢榪欎簺鐧誨綍鐨勪俊鎭繘琛屽鐞嗭紝浠呭彇鍑恒庨敊璇忕殑淇℃伅鏉ヨ繘琛屽垎 鏋愩?
3 姝h琛ㄧず娉曠殑騫挎硾鐢ㄩ旓細
闄や簡緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樹箣澶栵紝涓澶у爢鐨勮蔣浠朵笌璁懼畾閮芥槸鏀寔姝h琛ㄧず娉曠殑錛屾渶甯歌鐨勪緥瀛愬氨鏄庨偖浠?a target="_blank">鏈嶅姟鍣?/a>銆忥紒鎮ㄦ槸鍚︽湁甯稿父鏀跺埌鐢靛瓙閭歡閲屾渶璁╀漢璇熺梾 鐨勩?nobr id="key2" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(102, 0, 255); text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(102, 0, 255); background-color: transparent;" onclick="return kwC();" target="_blank" oncontextmenu="return false;" onmouseover="kwE(event,2, this);" onmouseout="kwL(event, this);" onmousemove="kwM(2);">騫垮憡淇′歡銆忓憿錛熼偅濡傛灉鎴戝湪 Server 绔氨灝嗗箍鍛婁俊浠剁粰鍓旈櫎鐨勮瘽錛屽鎴風灝變細鍑忓皯寰堝涓嶅繀瑕佺殑棰戝鎹熻椾簡瀵瑰惂錛侀偅涔堝浣曞墧闄ゅ箍鍛婁俊浠跺憿錛熺敱浜庡箍鍛婁俊浠跺嚑涔庨兘鏈変竴瀹氱殑鏍囬鎴栬呮槸鍐呭錛屽洜姝わ紝鍙 姣忔鏈夋潵淇℃椂錛岄兘鍏堝皢鏉ヤ俊鐨勬爣棰樹笌鍐呭榪涜鐗規畩瀛楃涓茬殑姣斿錛?nobr id="key1" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(102, 0, 255); text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(102, 0, 255); background-color: transparent;" onclick="return kwC();" target="_blank" oncontextmenu="return false;" onmouseover="kwE(event,1, this);" onmouseout="kwL(event, this);" onmousemove="kwM(1);">浣跨敤姝h琛ㄧず娉曞彂鐜版湁涓嶈壇淇′歡灝變簣浠ュ墧闄わ紒鐩墠涓ゅぇ鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ蔣浠秙endmail 涓?postfix 閮芥敮鎸佹瑙勮〃紺烘硶鐨勬瘮瀵瑰姛鑳斤紒寰堝鐨勬湇鍔″櫒杞歡銆佷互鍙婂浠墮兘鏀寔姝h琛ㄧず娉曘?
4 grep
璇硶錛歔root @test /root ]# grep [-acinv] '鎼滃瀛楃涓? filenames-list
鍙傛暟璇存槑錛?
-a 錛氬皢 binary 鏂囦歡浠?text 鏂囦歡鐨勬柟寮忔悳瀵繪暟鎹?
-c 錛氳綆楁壘鍒?'鎼滃瀛楃涓? 鐨勬鏁?
-i 錛氬拷鐣ュぇ灝忓啓鐨勪笉鍚岋紝鎵浠ュぇ灝忓啓瑙嗕負鐩稿悓
-n 錛氶『渚胯緭鍑鴻鍙?
-v 錛氬弽鍚戦夋嫨錛屼害鍗蟲樉紺哄嚭娌℃湁 '鎼滃瀛楃涓? 鍐呭鐨勯偅涓琛岋紒
鑼冧緥錛?
[root @test /root]# grep 'root' /var/log/secure
鎼滅儲 /var/log/secure 榪欎釜鏂囦歡涓寘鍚?root 鐨勮
[root @test /root]# grep -v 'root' /var/log/secure
鎼滅儲娌℃湁 root 鐨勮
[root @test /root]# grep [A-Z]ANPATH /etc/man.config
璇存槑錛歡rep 鏄竴涓緢甯歌鐨勬寚浠わ紝鏈閲嶈鐨勫姛鑳藉氨鏄繘琛屽瓧絎︿覆鏁版嵁鐨勬瘮瀵逛簡錛岄渶瑕佽鏄庣殑鏄巊rep 鍦ㄤ竴涓枃浠朵腑鏌ュ涓涓瓧絎︿覆鏃訛紝浠栨槸浠?鏁磋"涓哄崟浣嶆潵鏁版嵁鐨勬挿鍙栫殑錛併?
grep 鏄渶綆鍗曠殑姝h琛ㄧず娉曟悳瀵繪寚浠や箣涓錛屼粬騫朵笉鏀寔涓浜涙洿涓ヨ皚鐨勬瑙勮〃紺烘硶鍐呭錛屼笉榪囷紝宸茬粡鐩稿綋鐨勫ソ鐢ㄣ?
渚嬮涓錛氭壘鍑鴻繖涓枃浠墮噷闈㈠惈鏈?know 榪欎釜瀛楃錛屽茍灝嗚鍙峰垪鍑烘潵錛氭敞鎰忥紝澶у皬鍐欐槸涓嶄竴鏍風殑
[root @test /root ]# grep -n 'know' regexp.txt
渚嬮浜岋細鎵懼嚭榪欎釜鏂囦歡閲岄潰鍚湁 * 榪欎釜瀛楃錛屽茍灝嗚鍙峰垪鍑烘潵錛?
[root @test /root ]# grep -n '\*' regexp.txt
渚嬮涓夛細鎴戣灝嗘墍鏈?know 涓嶈澶у皬鍐欓兘鍒楀嚭鏉ワ紝騫跺垪鍑鴻鍙鳳細
[root @test /root]# grep -ni 'know' regexp.txt
娉ㄦ剰錛氱被浼肩殑鎸囦護榪樻湁egrep銆乤wk銆乬awk銆乻ed絳夛紝灝嗗湪鍚庨潰璇︾粏璇存槑
5 姝h琛ㄧず娉曠殑鐗規畩瀛楃(charaters)涓?egrep 鎸囦護
鐗規畩瀛楃 琛ㄧず鎰忎箟
^word 寰呮悳瀵葷殑瀛楃鍦ㄨ棣?
word$ 寰呮悳瀵葷殑瀛楃鍦ㄨ灝?
. 鍖歸厤浠諱綍涓涓彲鑳界殑瀛楃
\ 璺寵劚絎﹀彿灝嗙壒孌婂瓧絎﹀彉鎴愭櫘閫氬瓧絎?
? 浠諱綍涓涓庡崟涓銆忓瓧絎?
* 鍖歸厤妯″紡涓噸澶嶇殑瀛楃
[list] 鍒楄〃涓殑瀛楃
[range] 鍒楄〃涓寖鍥村唴鐨勫瓧絎?
[^list] 鍙嶅悜閫夋嫨錛屼笌 [list] 鐩稿弽
[^range] 鍙嶅悜閫夋嫨錛屼笌 [range]鐩稿弽
\{n\} 涓庡墠涓涓浉鍚屽瓧嫻繛緇?n 涓?
\{n,m\} 涓庡墠涓涓浉鍚屽瓧嫻繛緇?n-m 涓?
璇風壒鍒暀鎰忕殑鏄紝銆庢瑙勮〃紺烘硶鐨勭壒孌婂瓧絎︺忎笌涓鑸湪鎸囦護鍒楄緭鍏ユ寚浠ょ殑銆庝竾鐢ㄥ瓧絎︺忓茍涓嶇浉鍚岋紝渚嬪錛屽湪涓囩敤瀛楃褰撲腑錛?* 浠h〃鐨勬槸 0 ~ 鏃犻檺澶氫釜瀛楃鐨勬剰鎬濓紝浣嗘槸鍦ㄦ瑙勮〃紺烘硶褰撲腑錛?* 鍒欐槸閲嶅鍓嶄竴涓瓧絎︾殑鎰忔濓綖浣跨敤鐨勬剰涔夊茍涓嶇浉鍚岋紝涓嶈鎼炴販浜嗭紒
渚嬮錛氬湪 /etc 搴曚笅錛屽彧瑕佸惈鏈?XYZ 涓変釜瀛楃鐨勪換浣曚竴涓瓧絎︾殑閭d竴琛屽氨鍒楀嚭鏉?
grep [XYZ] /etc/*
渚嬮錛氭垜鎯寵鐭ラ亾鍦?/etc 閲岄潰錛屽彧瑕佸彞棣栨槸 w-z 鐨勫氨灝嗕粬鍗板嚭鏉ワ紵
grep ^[w-z] /etc/*
6 diff姣旇緝涓や釜鏂囦歡鍐呭鏄惁鏈変笉涓鑷寸殑鎸囦護錛?/strong>
璇硶錛歔root @test /root ]# diff file1 file2
鑼冧緥錛歔root @test /root]# diff index.htm index.html
渚嬪瓙錛歭s 鈥搇 | grep 鈥榐d鈥?鏌ヨ瀛愮洰褰?
娉ㄦ剰錛氫嬌鐢ㄨ鍒欒〃杈懼紡瑕佸吇鎴愯壇濂界殑涔犳儻錛屽氨鏄湪鍖歸厤妯″紡鐨勪袱绔姞涓娾樷欍傝繖鏍峰拰shell鐨勬枃浠墮氶厤絎﹀彿鍋氬尯鍒?
7 鍏呭垎瑙勫垯琛ㄨ揪寮忎笓鐢ㄥ瓧絎?/strong>
絎﹀彿 鎵ц
pattern1 | pattern2 閫昏緫鎴?
(patten) 瀵規ā寮忚繘琛屽垎緇?
char+ 鎼滅儲鍓嶉潰瀛楃鐨勪竴涓垨鑰呭涓噸澶嶅疄渚?
char? 鎼滅儲鍓嶉潰瀛楃鐨勪竴涓垨鑰?涓疄渚?
渚嬮錛歵+ 鍖歸厤涓涓垨涓涓互涓婅繛緇殑t錛屽t tt ttt
t? 鍖歸厤0涓垨1涓猼 濡?t 鎴?鈥?鈥?
鈥渃reate | stream 鈥?鍜屼袱縐嶆ā寮忕殑浠諱竴縐嶈繘琛屽尮閰?
閲嶇偣鍥為【
鈥?shell鏂囦歡鍖歸厤瀛楃鍜岃鍒欒〃杈懼紡鐨勫尯鍒?
shell鏂囦歡鍖歸厤瀛楃鏄敤浜庡尮閰嶆枃浠跺悕
姝h琛ㄧず娉昍E鐨勭敤閫斾富瑕佹槸鐢ㄦ潵鍋氫負銆庢悳瀵匯忓瓧絎︿覆涔嬬敤錛屽尮閰嶇殑鏂囦歡閲岄潰鐨勫唴瀹瑰拰鐢ㄦ潵榪囨護鐗規畩璁伅絳夌敤閫旓紱
鈥?鐢變簬涓ヨ皚搴︾殑涓嶅悓錛屾瑙勮〃紺烘硶涔嬩笂榪樻湁鏇翠弗璋ㄧ殑寤朵幾姝h琛ㄧず娉曪紱
鈥?姝h琛ㄧず娉曠殑澶勭悊鏂瑰紡錛岀粡甯告槸浠ャ庢暣琛屻忔垨縐頒負銆庢暣孌點忔潵榪涜澶勭悊鐨勶紱
鈥?grep 涓?egrep 鍦ㄦ瑙勮〃紺烘硶閲岄潰鏄緢甯歌鐨勪袱鏀▼搴忥紝鍏朵腑錛?egrep 鍙互鐢ㄤ笉鍚岀殑
|
[root@localhost ~]# |
銆銆娉ㄦ剰錛歬ill -9 鏉ュ己鍒剁粓姝㈤鍑?/p>
銆銆涓句緥
|
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux |grep gaim beinan 5031 9.0 2.3 104996 17484 ? S 13:23 0:01 gaim root 5036 0.0 0.0 5160 724 pts/3 S+ 13:24 0:00 grep gaim |
銆銆鎴栬?/p>
|
[root@localhost ~]# pgrep -l gaim 5031 gaim 5031 gaim [root@localhost ~]# kill -9 5031 |
銆銆鐗規畩鐢ㄦ硶錛?br />聽
銆銆kill -STOP [pid]
銆銆鍙戦丼IGSTOP (17,19,23)
銆銆kill -CONT [pid]
銆銆鍙戦丼IGCONT (19,18,25)閲嶆柊 銆銆kill -KILL [pid] 銆銆鍙戦丼IGKILL (9)寮鴻揩榪涚▼绔嬪嵆鍋滄錛屽茍涓斾笉瀹炴柦娓呯悊鎿嶄綔銆?/p>
銆銆kill -9 -1 銆銆緇堟浣犳嫢鏈夌殑鍏ㄩ儴榪涚▼銆?/p>
銆銆2. killall
銆銆浣滅敤錛氶氳繃紼嬪簭鐨勫悕瀛楋紝鐩存帴鏉姝繪墍鏈夎繘紼?/p>
銆銆鐢ㄦ硶錛歬illall 姝e湪榪愯鐨勭▼搴忓悕聽
[root@localhost beinan]# pgrep -l gaim 2979 gaim [root@localhost beinan]# killall gaim 銆銆娉ㄦ剰錛氳鍛戒護鍙互浣跨敤 -9 鍙傛暟鏉ュ己鍒舵潃姝昏繘紼?/p>
銆銆3. pkill
銆銆浣滅敤錛氶氳繃紼嬪簭鐨勫悕瀛楋紝鐩存帴鏉姝繪墍鏈夎繘紼嬄? 銆銆鐢ㄦ硶錛?pkill 姝e湪榪愯鐨勭▼搴忓悕 銆銆涓句緥錛? [root@localhost beinan]# pgrep -l gaim 2979 gaim [root@localhost beinan]# pkill gaim
銆銆4. xkill
銆銆浣滅敤錛氭潃姝繪闈㈠浘褰㈢晫闈㈢殑紼嬪簭銆?br />聽 銆銆褰搙kill榪愯鏃跺嚭鏉ュ拰涓漢鑴戦鐨勫浘鏍囷紝鍝釜鍥懼艦紼嬪簭宕╂簝涓鐐瑰氨OK浜嗐?br />聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 濡傛灉鎮ㄦ兂緇堟xkill 錛屽氨鎸夊彸閿彇娑堬紱 銆銆璋冪敤鏂規硶錛?/p>
銆銆[root@localhost ~]# xkill Trackback: http://tb.blog.csdn.net/TrackBack.aspx?PostId=1456841
銆銆涓句緥錛毬?
銆銆搴旂敤鎯呭艦瀹炰緥錛?a target="_blank">firefox鍑虹幇宕╂簝涓嶈兘閫鍑烘椂錛岀偣榧犳爣灝辮兘鏉姝籪irefox 銆?/p>
]]>
ps -A
鏍規嵁榪涚▼鐨勫悕瀛愬緱鍒幫緝錛?br />
kill ID
]]>
]]>
]]>
]]>
闂存鎴栭珮宄拌礋鑽鋒椂闂存榪愯銆?br />& 浣跨敤瀹冨湪鍚庡彴榪愯涓涓崰鐢ㄦ椂闂翠笉闀跨殑榪涚▼銆?br />Nohup 浣跨敤瀹冨湪鍚庡彴榪愯涓涓懡浠わ紝鍗充嬌鍦ㄧ敤鎴烽鍑烘椂涔熶笉鍙楀獎鍝嶃?br />
鍦ㄨ冭檻鍚慶 r o n榪涚▼鎻愪氦涓涓猚 r o n t a b鏂囦歡涔嬪墠錛岄鍏堣鍋氱殑涓浠朵簨鎯呭氨鏄緗幆澧冨彉閲?br />E D I TO R銆俢 r o n榪涚▼鏍規嵁瀹冩潵紜畾浣跨敤鍝釜緙栬緫鍣ㄧ紪杈慶 r o n t a b鏂囦歡銆? 9 %鐨刄 N I X鍜孡 I N U X鐢?br />鎴烽兘浣跨敤v i錛屽鏋滀綘涔熸槸榪欐牱錛岄偅涔堜綘灝辯紪杈? H O M E鐩綍涓嬬殑. p r o f i l e鏂囦歡錛屽湪鍏朵腑鍔犲叆榪欐牱
涓琛岋細
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR
鐒跺悗淇濆瓨騫墮鍑恒?br />濡傛灉甯屾湜娣誨姞銆佸垹闄ゆ垨緙栬緫c r o n t a b鏂囦歡涓殑鏉$洰錛岃孍 D I TO R鐜鍙橀噺鍙堣緗負v i錛岄偅涔?br />灝卞彲浠ョ敤v i鏉ョ紪杈慶 r o n t a b鏂囦歡錛岀浉搴旂殑鍛戒護涓猴細
$ crontab -e
鏉姝誨悗鍙拌繘紼?br />濡傛灉鎯蟲潃姝誨悗鍙拌繘紼嬪彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╧ i l l鍛戒護銆傚綋涓涓繘紼嬭鏀懼埌鍚庡彴榪愯鏃訛紝 s h e l l浼氱粰鍑轟竴涓繘紼嬪彿錛屾垜浠彲浠ユ牴鎹繖涓繘紼嬪彿錛岀敤k i l l鍛戒護鏉姝昏榪涚▼銆傝鍛戒護鐨勫熀鏈艦寮忎負錛?br />kill -signal [process_number]
鍦ㄦ潃榪涚▼鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鎵ц涓嬮潰鐨勫懡浠?浣犵殑榪涚▼鍙峰彲鑳戒細涓嶅悓)騫舵寜鍥炶濺閿傜郴緇熷皢浼氱粰鍑虹浉
搴旂殑淇℃伅鍛婅瘔鐢ㄦ埛榪涚▼宸茬粡琚潃姝匯?br />濡傛灉緋葷粺娌℃湁緇欏嚭浠諱綍淇℃伅錛屽憡璇変綘榪涚▼宸茬粡琚潃姝伙紝閭d箞涓嶅Θ絳変竴浼氬効錛屼篃璁哥郴緇熸
鍦ㄦ潃璇ヨ繘紼嬶紝濡傛灉榪樻病鏈夊洖搴旓紝灝卞啀鎵ц鍙﹀涓涓猭 i l l鍛戒護錛岃繖嬈″甫涓婁竴涓俊鍙烽夐」錛?br />
濡傛灉鐢ㄤ笂榪版柟娉曟彁浜や簡涓涓悗鍙拌繘紼嬶紝閭d箞鍦ㄩ鍑烘椂璇ヨ繘紼嬪皢浼氳緇堟銆備負浜嗕嬌鍚庡彴榪?br />紼嬭兘澶熷湪閫鍑哄悗緇х畫榪愯錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╪ o h u p鍛戒護錛?br />
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鍏朵腑|鏄閬撶鍙楓?br />
t e e鍛戒護浣滅敤鍙互鐢ㄥ瓧姣峊鏉ュ艦璞″湴琛ㄧず銆傚畠鎶婅緭鍑虹殑涓涓壇鏈緭閫佸埌鏍囧噯杈撳嚭錛屽彟涓涓?br />鍓湰鎷瘋礉鍒扮浉搴旂殑鏂囦歡涓傚鏋滃笇鏈涘湪鐪嬪埌杈撳嚭鐨勫悓鏃訛紝涔熷皢鍏跺瓨鍏ヤ竴涓枃浠訛紝閭d箞榪欎釜鍛?br />浠ゅ啀鍚堥備笉榪囦簡銆?br />瀹冪殑涓鑸艦寮忎負錛?br />tee -a files
command > filename 鎶婃妸鏍囧噯杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓柊鏂囦歡涓?br />command >> filename 鎶婃妸鏍囧噯杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠朵腑(榪藉姞)
command 1 > fielname 鎶婃妸鏍囧噯杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠朵腑
command > filename 2>&1 鎶婃妸鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鍜屾爣鍑嗛敊璇竴璧烽噸瀹氬悜鍒頒竴涓枃浠朵腑
command 2 > filename 鎶婃妸鏍囧噯閿欒閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠朵腑
command 2 >> filename 鎶婃妸鏍囧噯杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠朵腑(榪藉姞)
command >> filename 2>&1 鎶婃妸鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鍜屾爣鍑嗛敊璇竴璧烽噸瀹氬悜鍒頒竴涓枃浠朵腑(榪藉姞)
command < filename >filename2 鎶奵 o m m a n d鍛戒護浠 i l e n a m e鏂囦歡浣滀負鏍囧噯杈撳叆錛屼互f i l e n a m e 2鏂囦歡
浣滀負鏍囧噯杈撳嚭
command < filename 鎶奵 o m m a n d鍛戒護浠 i l e n a m e鏂囦歡浣滀負鏍囧噯杈撳叆
command << delimiter 鎶婁粠鏍囧噯杈撳叆涓鍏ワ紝鐩磋嚦閬囧埌d e l i m i t e r鍒嗙晫絎?br />command <&m 鎶婃妸鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎浣滀負鏍囧噯杈撳叆
command >&m 鎶婃妸鏍囧噯杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎涓?br />command <&- 鎶婂叧闂爣鍑嗚緭鍏?br />
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鎴栬呭彲浠ヨ拷鍔犲埌涓涓枃浠剁殑鏈熬錛岃繖鎰忓懗鐫涓嶈鐩栧師鏈夌殑鍐呭錛?br />$ echo "$LOGNAME carried them out at `date`">>myfile
cat 涔熸槸榪欐牱
cat myfile鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍐呭
cat > myfile鏂板緩鏂囦歡 杈撳叆鍐呭
cat >> myfile 灝嗗唴瀹硅緭鍏ュ師鏉ュ唴瀹瑰悗闈?br />
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rm -rf 寮哄埗鍒犻櫎錛屾病鏈夋彁紺?
涓鑸敤鍒扮殑灝辮繖涓や釜錛屽垹闄ゆ枃浠跺彲浠ョ敤rm -f錛屽悓鏍鋒槸寮哄埗鍒犻櫎
rm鍛戒護
鐢ㄦ埛鍙互鐢╮m鍛戒護鍒犻櫎涓嶉渶瑕佺殑鏂囦歡銆傝鍛戒護鐨勫姛鑳戒負鍒犻櫎涓涓洰褰曚腑鐨勪竴涓垨澶氫釜鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曪紝瀹冧篃鍙互灝嗘煇涓洰褰曞強鍏朵笅鐨勬墍鏈夋枃浠跺強瀛愮洰褰曞潎鍒犻櫎銆傚浜庨摼鎺ユ枃浠訛紝鍙槸鏂紑浜嗛摼鎺ワ紝鍘熸枃浠朵繚鎸佷笉鍙樸?br />
rm鍛戒護鐨勪竴鑸艦寮忎負錛?br />
rm [閫夐」] 鏂囦歡鈥?
濡傛灉娌℃湁浣跨敤- r閫夐」錛屽垯rm涓嶄細鍒犻櫎鐩綍銆?
璇ュ懡浠ょ殑鍚勯夐」鍚箟濡備笅錛?br />
- f 蹇界暐涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏂囦歡錛屼粠涓嶇粰鍑烘彁紺恒?
- r 鎸囩ずrm灝嗗弬鏁頒腑鍒楀嚭鐨勫叏閮ㄧ洰褰曞拰瀛愮洰褰曞潎閫掑綊鍦板垹闄ゃ?br />
- i 榪涜浜や簰寮忓垹闄ゃ?
浣跨敤rm鍛戒護瑕佸皬蹇冦傚洜涓轟竴鏃︽枃浠惰鍒犻櫎錛屽畠鏄笉鑳借鎭㈠鐨勩備簡闃叉榪欑鎯呭喌鐨勫彂鐢燂紝鍙互浣跨敤i閫夐」鏉ラ愪釜紜瑕佸垹闄ょ殑鏂囦歡銆傚鏋滅敤鎴瘋緭鍏錛屾枃浠跺皢琚垹闄ゃ傚鏋滆緭鍏ヤ換浣曞叾浠栦笢瑗匡紝鏂囦歡鍒欎笉浼氬垹闄ゃ?
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浣嗗鏋滀綘蹇樹簡杈撳叆&;浣嗕綘鍙堜笉鎯蟲妸紼嬪簭鍋滄鍚庨噸鏂板惎鍔?
浣犲彲浠ヨ繖涔堝仛:
鎸塁trl + Z鏆傚仠鍓嶅彴宸ヤ綔,姣斿鍓嶉潰鎻愬埌鐨凟macs;
鐒跺悗鐢╦obs鍛戒護鏌ョ湅褰撳墠bash涓鍏卞惎鍔ㄤ簡澶氬皯紼嬪簭,浣犲彲浠ョ湅鍒頒綘鐨別macs鍦ㄥ叾涓?
瀹冪殑鐘舵佹槸Stoped鐨? 騫朵笖瀹冪殑jobID涔熷彲浠ョ湅,姣斿鏄?
鐒跺悗鐢ㄥ懡浠g 2
榪欐牱浣犲氨鍙互杈懼埌鍜宔macs &涓鏍風殑鏁堟灉浜?
褰撲綘鏈変簺宸ヤ綔姣斿updatedb, find絳夐渶瑕佷竴瀹氭椂闂?榪欎簺宸ヤ綔鍙互鑰冭檻璁╁畠鍦ㄥ悗鍙?br />榪愯,鑰屼綘鍙互鐢╞ash鍋氬叾瀹冨伐浣?br />濡傛灉闇瑕佹妸浠誨姟鍥炲埌鍓嶅彴錛屽彧闇瑕乫g 2
鐢╨inux榪欎箞涔呮墠鐭ラ亾榪欎釜鎶宸э紝鐪熸槸姹楅樋
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鈥?璁劇疆c r o n t a b鏂囦歡錛屽茍鐢ㄥ畠鏉ユ彁浜や綔涓氥?
鈥?浣跨敤a t鍛戒護鏉ユ彁浜や綔涓氥?
鈥?鍦ㄥ悗鍙版彁浜や綔涓氥?
鈥?浣跨敤n o h u p鍛戒護鎻愪氦浣滀笟銆?
鍚嶈瘝瑙i噴錛?
cron錛氱郴緇熻皟搴﹁繘紼嬨傚彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ畠鍦ㄦ瘡澶╃殑闈為珮宄拌礋鑽鋒椂闂存榪愯浣滀笟錛屾垨鍦ㄤ竴鍛ㄦ垨涓鏈堜腑鐨勪笉鍚屾椂孌佃繍琛屻?
at鍛戒護錛氫嬌鐢ㄥ畠鍦ㄤ竴涓壒瀹氱殑鏃墮棿榪愯涓浜涚壒孌婄殑浣滀笟錛屾垨鍦ㄦ櫄涓浜涚殑闈炶礋鑽烽珮宄版椂闂存鎴栭珮宄拌礋鑽鋒椂闂存榪愯銆?
&錛氫嬌鐢ㄥ畠鍦ㄥ悗鍙拌繍琛屼竴涓崰鐢ㄦ椂闂翠笉闀跨殑榪涚▼銆?
nohup錛氱敤瀹冨湪鍚庡彴榪愯涓涓懡浠わ紝鍗充嬌鍦ㄧ敤鎴烽鍑烘椂涔熶笉鍙楀獎鍝?/span>
1.cron and crontab
c r o n鏄郴緇熶富瑕佺殑璋冨害榪涚▼錛屽彲浠ュ湪鏃犻渶浜哄伐騫查鐨勬儏鍐典笅榪愯浣滀笟銆俢 r o n t a b鍛戒護鍏佽鐢ㄦ埛鎻愪氦銆佺紪杈戞垨鍒犻櫎鐩稿簲鐨勪綔涓氥傛瘡涓涓敤鎴烽兘鍙互鏈変竴涓猚 r o n t a b鏂囦歡鏉ヤ繚瀛樿皟搴︿俊鎭傚彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ畠榪愯浠繪剰涓涓猻 h e l l鑴氭湰鎴栨煇涓懡浠わ紝姣忓皬鏃惰繍琛屼竴嬈★紝鎴栦竴鍛ㄤ笁嬈★紝榪欏畬鍏ㄥ彇鍐充簬浣犮傛瘡涓涓敤鎴烽兘鍙互鏈夎嚜宸辯殑c r o n t a b鏂囦歡錛屼絾鍦ㄤ竴涓緝澶х殑緋葷粺涓紝緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樹竴鑸細紱佹榪欎簺鏂囦歡錛岃屽彧鍦ㄦ暣涓郴緇熶繚鐣欎竴涓繖鏍風殑鏂囦歡銆傜郴緇熺鐞嗗憳鏄氳繃c r o n . d e n y鍜宑 r o n . a l l o w榪欎袱涓枃浠舵潵紱佹鎴栧厑璁哥敤鎴鋒嫢鏈夎嚜宸辯殑c r o n t a b鏂囦歡銆?
crontab鐨勫煙
涓轟簡鑳藉鍦ㄧ壒瀹氱殑鏃墮棿榪愯浣滀笟錛岄渶瑕佷簡瑙 r o n t a b鏂囦歡姣忎釜鏉$洰涓悇涓煙鐨勬剰涔夊拰鏍煎紡銆?
涓嬮潰灝辨槸榪欎簺鍩燂細
浠g爜:
絎?鍒楀垎閽?锝? 9
絎?鍒楀皬鏃?锝? 3錛?琛ㄧず瀛愬錛?
絎?鍒楁棩1锝? 1
絎?鍒楁湀1锝? 2
絎?鍒楁槦鏈?锝?錛?琛ㄧず鏄熸湡澶╋級
絎?鍒楄榪愯鐨勫懡浠?
涓嬮潰鏄痗 r o n t a b鐨勬牸寮忥細
浠g爜:
鍒?lt; >鏃?lt; >鏃?lt; >鏈?lt; >鏄熸湡< >瑕佽繍琛岀殑鍛戒護
鍏朵腑< >琛ㄧず絀烘牸銆?
c r o n t a b鏂囦歡鐨勪竴涓潯鐩槸浠庡乏杈硅璧風殑錛岀涓鍒楁槸鍒嗭紝鏈鍚庝竴鍒楁槸瑕佽繍琛岀殑鍛戒護錛屽畠浣嶄簬鏄熸湡鐨勫悗闈€?
鍙互鐢ㄦí鏉?鏉ヨ〃紺轟竴涓椂闂磋寖鍥達紝渚嬪浣犲笇鏈涙槦鏈熶竴鑷蟲槦鏈熶簲榪愯鏌愪釜浣滀笟錛岄偅涔堝彲浠ュ湪鏄熸湡鍩熶嬌鐢? - 5鏉ヨ〃紺恒?
榪樺彲浠ュ湪榪欎簺鍩熶腑浣跨敤閫楀彿鈥?鈥濓紝渚嬪浣犲笇鏈涙槦鏈熶竴鍜屾槦鏈熷洓榪愯鏌愪釜浣滀笟錛屽彧闇瑕佷嬌鐢? , 4鏉ヨ〃紺恒?
鍙互鐢ㄦ槦鍙?鏉ヨ〃紺鴻繛緇殑鏃墮棿孌點傚鏋滀綘瀵規煇涓〃紺烘椂闂寸殑鍩熸病鏈夌壒鍒殑闄愬畾錛屼篃搴旇鍦ㄨ鍩熷~鍏?銆傝鏂囦歡鐨勬瘡涓涓潯鐩繀欏誨惈鏈?涓椂闂村煙錛岃屼笖姣忎釜鍩熶箣闂磋鐢ㄧ┖鏍煎垎闅斻?
璇ユ枃浠朵腑鎵鏈夌殑娉ㄩ噴琛岃鍦ㄨ棣栫敤#鏉ヨ〃紺恒?
c r o n t a b鏂囦歡渚嬪瓙錛?
浠g爜:
30 21* * * /apps/bin/cleanup.sh
涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愯〃紺烘瘡鏅氱殑2 1 : 3 0榪愯/ a p p s / b i n鐩綍涓嬬殑c l e a n u p . s h銆?
浠g爜:
45 4 1,10,22 * * /apps/bin/backup.sh
涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愯〃紺烘瘡鏈?銆? 0銆? 2鏃ョ殑4 : 4 5榪愯/ a p p s / b i n鐩綍涓嬬殑b a c k u p . s h銆?
浠g爜:
10 1 * * 6,0 /bin/find -name "core" -exec rm {} \;
涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愯〃紺烘瘡鍛ㄥ叚銆佸懆鏃ョ殑1 : 1 0榪愯涓涓猣 i n d鍛戒護銆?
浠g爜:
0,30 18-23 * * * /apps/bin/dbcheck.sh
涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愯〃紺哄湪姣忓ぉ1 8 : 0 0鑷? 3 : 0 0涔嬮棿姣忛殧3 0鍒嗛挓榪愯/ a p p s / b i n鐩綍涓嬬殑d b c h e c k . s h銆?
浠g爜:
0 23 * * 6 /apps/bin/qtrend.sh
涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愯〃紺烘瘡鏄熸湡鍏殑11 : 0 0 p m榪愯/ a p p s / b i n鐩綍涓嬬殑q t r e n d . s h銆?
浣犲彲鑳藉凡緇忔敞鎰忓埌涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愪腑錛屾瘡涓懡浠ら兘緇欏嚭浜嗙粷瀵硅礬寰勩傚綋浣跨敤c r o n t a b榪愯s h e l l鑴氭湰鏃訛紝瑕佺敱鐢ㄦ埛鏉ョ粰鍑鴻剼鏈殑緇濆璺緞錛岃緗浉搴旂殑鐜鍙橀噺銆傝浣忥紝鏃㈢劧鏄敤鎴峰悜c r o n鎻愪氦浜嗚繖浜涗綔涓氾紝灝辮鍚慶 r o n鎻愪緵鎵闇鐨勫叏閮ㄧ幆澧冦備笉瑕佸亣瀹歝 r o n鐭ラ亾鎵闇瑕佺殑鐗規畩鐜錛屽畠鍏跺疄騫朵笉鐭ラ亾銆傛墍浠ヤ綘瑕佷繚璇佸湪s h e l l鑴氭湰涓彁渚涙墍鏈夊繀瑕佺殑璺緞鍜岀幆澧冨彉閲忥紝闄や簡涓浜涜嚜鍔ㄨ緗殑鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺銆?
濡傛灉c r o n涓嶈兘榪愯鐩稿簲鐨勮剼鏈紝鐢ㄦ埛灝嗕細鏀跺埌涓涓偖浠惰鏄庡叾涓殑鍘熷洜銆?
c r o n t a b鍛戒護鐨勪竴鑸艦寮忎負錛?
浠g爜:
crontab [-u user] -e -l -r
鍏朵腑錛?
-u 鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶃?
-e 緙栬緫c r o n t a b鏂囦歡銆?
-l 鍒楀嚭c r o n t a b鏂囦歡涓殑鍐呭銆?
-r 鍒犻櫎c r o n t a b鏂囦歡銆?
濡傛灉浣跨敤鑷繁鐨勫悕瀛楃櫥褰曪紝灝變笉鐢ㄤ嬌鐢? u閫夐」錛屽洜涓哄湪鎵цc r o n t a b鍛戒護鏃訛紝璇ュ懡浠よ兘澶熺煡閬撳綋鍓嶇殑鐢ㄦ埛銆?
鍒涘緩涓涓柊鐨刢rontab鏂囦歡
鍦ㄥ悜c r o n榪涚▼鎻愪氦涓涓猚 r o n t a b鏂囦歡涔嬪墠錛岃鍏堣緗幆澧冨彉閲廍 D I TO R.c r o n榪涚▼鏍規嵁瀹冩潵紜畾浣跨敤鍝釜緙栬緫鍣ㄧ紪杈慶 r o n t a b鏂囦歡銆傚ぇ閮ㄤ喚鐨刄 N I X鍜孡 I N U X鐢ㄦ埛閮戒嬌鐢╲ i錛屽鏋滀綘涔熸槸榪欐牱錛岄偅涔堜綘灝辯紪杈? H O M E鐩綍涓嬬殑. p r o f i l e鏂囦歡錛屽湪鍏朵腑鍔犲叆榪欐牱涓琛岋細
浠g爜:
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR
鐒跺悗淇濆瓨騫墮鍑恒?
鍒涘緩涓涓悕涓?lt; u s e r > c r o n鐨勬枃浠訛紝鍏朵腑< u s e r >鏄敤鎴峰悕錛屼緥濡傦紝 samcron銆傚湪璇ユ枃浠朵腑鍔犲叆濡備笅鐨勫唴瀹廣?
浠g爜:
#(put your own initials here) echo the date to the console every
#15 minutes between 6pm and 6am
0,15,30,45 18-06 * * * /bin/echo 'date' > /dev/console
淇濆瓨騫墮鍑恒傜‘淇″墠闈?涓煙鐢ㄧ┖鏍煎垎闅斻?
鍦ㄤ笂闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓紝緋葷粺灝嗘瘡闅? 5鍒嗛挓鍚戞帶鍒跺彴杈撳嚭涓嬈″綋鍓嶆椂闂淬傚鏋滅郴緇熷穿婧冩垨鎸傝搗錛屼粠鏈鍚庢墍鏄劇ず鐨勬椂闂村氨鍙互涓鐪肩湅鍑虹郴緇熸槸浠涔堟椂闂村仠姝㈠伐浣滅殑銆傚湪鏈変簺緋葷粺涓紝鐢╰ t y 1鏉ヨ〃紺烘帶鍒跺彴錛屽彲浠ユ牴鎹疄闄呮儏鍐靛涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愯繘琛岀浉搴旂殑淇敼銆?
涓轟簡鎻愪氦浣犲垰鍒氬垱寤虹殑c r o n t a b鏂囦歡錛屽彲浠ユ妸榪欎釜鏂板垱寤虹殑鏂囦歡浣滀負c r o n鍛戒護鐨勫弬鏁幫細
浠g爜:
$su sam
crontab samcron
涓轟簡鏂逛究婕旂ず錛屽垏鎹㈠埌sam鐢ㄦ埛鐜涓嬶紝鐒跺悗鐢╟rontab samcron鎻愪氦緇檆 r o n榪涚▼錛屽畠灝嗘瘡闅? 5鍒嗛挓榪愯涓嬈°?
鍚屾椂錛屾柊鍒涘緩鏂囦歡鐨勪竴涓壇鏈凡緇忚鏀懼湪/ v a r / s p o o l / c r o n鐩綍涓紝鏂囦歡鍚嶅氨鏄敤鎴峰悕錛堝嵆sam錛夈?
浠g爜:
#su
# cat /var/spool/cron/sam
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - edit the master and reinstall.
# (samcron installed on Wed Nov 10 21:41:55 2004)
# (Cron version -- $Id: crontab.c,v 2.13 1994/01/17 03:20:37 vixie Exp $)
#(put your own initials here) echo the date to the console every
#15 minutes between 6pm and 6am
0,15,30,45 18-06 * * * /bin/echo 'date' > /dev/console
鍥炲埌root涓嬶紝鏌ョ湅/var/spool/cron/sam
鍒楀嚭crontab鏂囦歡
涓轟簡鍒楀嚭c r o n t a b鏂囦歡錛屽彲浠ョ敤錛?
浠g爜:
$ crontab -l
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - edit the master and reinstall.
# (samcron installed on Wed Nov 10 21:41:55 2004)
# (Cron version -- $Id: crontab.c,v 2.13 1994/01/17 03:20:37 vixie Exp $)
#(put your own initials here) echo the date to the console every
#15 minutes between 6pm and 6am
0,15,30,45 18-06 * * * /bin/echo 'date' > /dev/console
浣犲皢浼氱湅鍒板拰涓婇潰綾諱技鐨勫唴瀹廣傚彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄨ繖縐嶆柟娉曞湪$ H O M E鐩綍涓c r o n t a b鏂囦歡鍋氫竴澶囦喚錛?
浠g爜:
$ crontab -l > $HOME/mycron
榪欐牱錛屼竴鏃︿笉灝忓績璇垹浜哻 r o n t a b鏂囦歡錛屽彲浠ョ敤涓婁竴鑺傛墍璁茶堪鐨勬柟娉曡繀閫熸仮澶嶃?
緙栬緫crontab鏂囦歡
濡傛灉甯屾湜娣誨姞銆佸垹闄ゆ垨緙栬緫c r o n t a b鏂囦歡涓殑鏉$洰錛岃孍 D I TO R鐜鍙橀噺鍙堣緗負v i錛岄偅涔堝氨鍙互鐢╲ i鏉ョ紪杈慶 r o n t a b鏂囦歡錛岀浉搴旂殑鍛戒護涓猴細
浠g爜:
$ crontab -e
鍙互鍍忎嬌鐢╲ i緙栬緫鍏朵粬浠諱綍鏂囦歡閭f牱淇敼c r o n t a b鏂囦歡騫墮鍑恒傚鏋滀慨鏀逛簡鏌愪簺鏉$洰鎴栨坊鍔犱簡鏂扮殑鏉$洰錛岄偅涔堝湪淇濆瓨璇ユ枃浠舵椂錛?c r o n浼氬鍏惰繘琛屽繀瑕佺殑瀹屾暣鎬ф鏌ャ傚鏋滃叾涓殑鏌愪釜鍩熷嚭鐜頒簡瓚呭嚭鍏佽鑼冨洿鐨勫鹼紝瀹冧細鎻愮ず浣犮?
渚嬪錛屽姞鍏ヤ笅闈㈢殑涓鏉★細
浠g爜:
#DT:delete core files,at 3:30am on 1,7,14,21,26 days of each month
30 3 1,7,14,21,26 * * /bin/find -name "core" -exec rm {} \;
鐜板湪淇濆瓨騫墮鍑恒傛渶濂藉湪c r o n t a b鏂囦歡鐨勬瘡涓涓潯鐩箣涓婂姞鍏ヤ竴鏉℃敞閲婏紝榪欐牱灝卞彲浠ョ煡閬撳畠鐨勫姛鑳姐佽繍琛屾椂闂達紝鏇翠負閲嶈鐨勬槸錛岀煡閬撹繖鏄摢浣嶇敤鎴風殑浣滀笟銆?
鐜板湪璁╂垜浠嬌鐢ㄥ墠闈㈣榪囩殑crontab -l鍛戒護鍒楀嚭瀹冪殑鍏ㄩ儴淇℃伅錛?
浠g爜:
#(put your own initials here) echo the date to the console every
#15 minutes between 6pm and 6am
0,15,30,45 18-06 * * * /bin/echo 'date' > /dev/console
#DT:delete core files,at 3:30am on 1,7,14,21,26 days of each month
30 3 1,7,14,21,26 * * /bin/find -name "core" -exec rm {} \;
鍒犻櫎crontab鏂囦歡
涓轟簡鍒犻櫎c r o n t a b鏂囦歡錛屽彲浠ョ敤錛?
浠g爜:
$ crontab -r
鎭㈠涓㈠け鐨刢rontab鏂囦歡
濡傛灉涓嶅皬蹇冭鍒犱簡c r o n t a b鏂囦歡錛屽亣璁句綘鍦ㄨ嚜宸辯殑$ H O M E鐩綍涓嬭繕鏈変竴涓浠斤紝閭d箞鍙互灝嗗叾鎷瘋礉鍒? v a r / s p o o l / c r o n / < u s e r n a m e >錛屽叾涓?lt; u s e r n a m e >鏄敤鎴峰悕銆傚鏋滅敱浜庢潈闄愰棶棰樻棤娉曞畬鎴愭嫹璐濓紝鍙互鐢細
浠g爜:
$ crontab <filename>
鍏朵腑錛?lt; f i l e n a m e >鏄綘鍦? H O M E鐩綍涓壇鏈殑鏂囦歡鍚嶃?
寤鴻鍦ㄨ嚜宸辯殑$ H O M E鐩綍涓繚瀛樹竴涓鏂囦歡鐨勫壇鏈傜紪杈戝壇鏈紝鐒跺悗閲嶆柊鎻愪氦鏂扮殑鏂囦歡銆?
鏈変簺c r o n t a b鐨勫彉浣撴湁浜涙紓錛屾墍浠ュ湪浣跨敤c r o n t a b鍛戒護鏃惰鏍煎灝忓績銆傚鏋滈仐婕忎簡浠諱綍閫夐」錛宑 r o n t a b鍙兘浼氭墦寮涓涓┖鏂囦歡錛屾垨鑰呯湅璧鋒潵鍍忔槸涓┖鏂囦歡銆傝繖鏃舵暡d e l e t e閿鍑猴紝涓嶈鎸?lt; C t r l - D >錛屽惁鍒欎綘灝嗕涪澶眂 r o n t a b鏂囦歡銆?/span>
2.at
a t鍛戒護鍏佽鐢ㄦ埛鍚慶 r o n瀹堟姢榪涚▼鎻愪氦浣滀笟錛屼嬌鍏跺湪紼嶅悗鐨勬椂闂磋繍琛屻備竴鏃︿竴涓綔涓氳鎻愪氦錛?a t鍛戒護灝嗕細淇濈暀鎵鏈夊綋鍓嶇殑鐜鍙橀噺錛屽寘鎷礬寰勶紝涓嶈薄c r o n t a b錛屽彧鎻愪緵緙虹渷鐨勭幆澧冦傝浣滀笟鐨勬墍鏈夎緭鍑洪兘灝嗕互鐢靛瓙閭歡鐨勫艦寮忓彂閫佺粰鐢ㄦ埛錛岄櫎闈炰綘瀵瑰叾杈撳嚭榪涜浜嗛噸瀹氬悜錛岀粷澶у鏁版儏鍐典笅鏄噸瀹氬悜鍒版煇涓枃浠朵腑銆?
鍜宑 r o n t a b涓鏍鳳紝鏍圭敤鎴峰彲浠ラ氳繃/ e t c鐩綍涓嬬殑a t . a l l o w鍜宎 t . d e n y鏂囦歡鏉ユ帶鍒跺摢浜涚敤鎴峰彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╝ t鍛戒護錛屽摢浜涚敤鎴蜂笉琛屻備笉榪囦竴鑸潵璇達紝瀵筧 t鍛戒護鐨勪嬌鐢ㄤ笉濡傚c r o n t a b鐨勪嬌鐢ㄩ檺鍒墮偅涔堜弗鏍箋?
a t鍛戒護鐨勫熀鏈艦寮忎負錛?
浠g爜:
at [-f script] [-m -l -r] [time] [date]
鍏朵腑錛?
-f錛歴cript 鏄墍瑕佹彁浜ょ殑鑴氭湰鎴栧懡浠ゃ?
-l錛氬垪鍑哄綋鍓嶆墍鏈夌瓑寰呰繍琛岀殑浣滀笟銆俛 t q鍛戒護鍏鋒湁鐩稿悓鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ?
-r錛氭竻闄や綔涓氥備負浜嗘竻闄ゆ煇涓綔涓氾紝榪樿鎻愪緵鐩稿簲鐨勪綔涓氭爣璇嗭紙 I D錛夛紱鏈変簺U N I X鍙樹綋鍙帴鍙梐 t r m浣滀負娓呴櫎鍛戒護銆?
-m錛氫綔涓氬畬鎴愬悗緇欑敤鎴峰彂閭歡銆?
time錛歛t鍛戒護鐨勬椂闂存牸寮忛潪甯哥伒媧伙紱鍙互鏄疕銆丠 H . H H M M銆丠 H : M M鎴朒 : M錛屽叾涓璈鍜孧鍒嗗埆鏄皬鏃跺拰鍒嗛挓銆傝繕鍙互浣跨敤a . m .鎴杙 . m .銆?
date錛氭棩鏈熸牸寮忓彲浠ユ槸鏈堜喚鏁版垨鏃ユ湡鏁幫紝鑰屼笖a t鍛戒護榪樿兘澶熻瘑鍒濡倀 o d a y銆乼 o m o r r o w榪欐牱鐨勮瘝銆?
浣跨敤at鍛戒護鎻愪氦鍛戒護鎴栬剼鏈?
浣跨敤a t鍛戒護鎻愪氦浣滀笟鏈夊嚑縐嶄笉鍚岀殑褰㈠紡錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃鍛戒護琛屾柟寮忥紝涔熷彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╝ t鍛戒護鎻愮ず絎︺備竴鑸潵璇村湪鎻愪氦鑻ュ共琛岀殑緋葷粺鍛戒護鏃訛紝浣跨敤a t鍛戒護鎻愮ず絎︽柟寮忥紝鍦ㄦ彁浜 h e l l鑴氭湰鏃訛紝浣跨敤鍛戒護琛屾柟寮忋?
鎻愮ず絎︽柟寮忥細
浠g爜:
浠ュ湪a t鍛戒護鍚庨潰璺熶笂鏃ユ湡/鏃墮棿騫跺洖杞︺傜劧鍚庡氨榪涘叆浜哸 t鍛戒護鎻愮ず絎︼紝榪欐椂鍙渶閫愭潯杈撳叆鐩稿簲鐨勫懡浠わ紝鐒跺悗鎸夆?< C T R L - D >鈥欓鍑恒?
鍛戒護琛屾柟寮忥細
浠g爜:
at [-f script] [-m -l -r] [time] [date]
渚嬩竴錛氭彁紺虹鏂瑰紡
浠g爜:
# su sam
$ at 10:40
warning: commands will be executed using (in order) a) $SHELL b) login shell c) /bin/sh
at> find /etc -name "passwd" -print
at> <EOT>
job 1 at 2004-11-02 10:40
鍏朵腑錛?< E O T >灝辨槸< C T R L - D >銆傚湪10:40緋葷粺灝嗘墽琛屼竴涓畝鍗曠殑f i n d鍛戒護銆傛彁浜ょ殑浣滀笟琚垎閰嶄簡涓涓敮涓鏍囪瘑job 1銆傝鍛戒護鍦ㄥ畬鎴愪互鍚庝細灝嗗叏閮ㄧ粨鏋滀互閭歡鐨勫艦寮忓彂閫佺粰鎴戙?
涓嬮潰榪欎簺鏃ユ湡/鏃墮棿鏍煎紡閮芥槸a t鍛戒護鍙互鎺ュ彈鐨勶細
浠g爜:
at 5.00am May23
at 11.20pm
at now +2 hour
at 9am tomorrow
at 15:00 May24
at now + 10 minutes
渚嬩簩錛氬懡浠よ鏂瑰紡
濡傛灉甯屾湜鍚慳 t鍛戒護鎻愪氦涓涓猻 h e l l鑴氭湰錛屼嬌鐢ㄥ叾鍛戒護琛屾柟寮忓嵆鍙傚湪鎻愪氦鑴氭湰鏃朵嬌鐢? f閫夐」銆?
濡傦細
浠g爜:
$ touch db_table.sh
$ at 3:00pm tomorrow -f db_table.sh
warning: commands will be executed using (in order) a) $SHELL b) login shell c) /bin/sh
job 3 at 2004-11-02 15:00
鍦ㄤ笂闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓紝涓涓彨鍋歞 b _ t a b l e . s h鐨勮剼鏈皢鍦?004-11-02 15:00榪愯銆?
榪樺彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╡ c h o鍛戒護鍚慳 t鍛戒護鎻愪氦浣滀笟錛?
浠g爜:
$ echo find /etc -name "passwd" -print | at now +1 minute
warning: commands will be executed using (in order) a) $SHELL b) login shell c) /bin/sh
job 4 at 2004-11-01 19:07
鍒楀嚭鎵鎻愪氦鐨勪綔涓?
涓涓綔涓氳鎻愪氦鍚庯紝鍙互浣跨敤at -l鍛戒護鏉ュ垪鍑烘墍鏈夌殑浣滀笟錛?
浠g爜:
$ at -l
1聽 聽 聽 聽2004-11-02 10:40 a sam
3聽 聽 聽 聽2004-11-02 15:00 a sam
4聽 聽 聽 聽2004-11-01 19:07 a sam
鍏朵腑錛岀涓琛屾槸浣滀笟鏍囪瘑錛屽悗闈㈡槸浣滀笟榪愯鐨勬棩鏈?鏃墮棿銆傛渶鍚庝竴鍒梐浠h〃a t銆?
榪樺彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╝ t q鍛戒護鏉ュ畬鎴愬悓鏍風殑鍔熻兘錛屽畠鏄痑 t鍛戒護鐨勪竴涓摼鎺ャ?
鐩存帴>atq,鐩稿綋浜?gt;at -l
褰撴彁浜や竴涓綔涓氬悗錛屽畠灝辮鎷瘋礉鍒? v a r / s p o o l / a t鐩綍涓紝鍑嗗鍦ㄨ姹傜殑鏃墮棿榪愯銆?
浠g爜:
# pwd
/var/spool/at
# ls -l
娓呴櫎涓涓綔涓?
娓呴櫎浣滀笟鐨勫懡浠ゆ牸寮忎負錛?
浠g爜:
atrm [job no] 鎴朼t -r [job no]
瑕佹竻闄ゆ煇涓綔涓氾紝棣栧厛瑕佹墽琛宎t -l鍛戒護錛屼互鑾峰彇鐩稿簲鐨勪綔涓氭爣璇嗭紝鐒跺悗瀵硅浣滀笟鏍囪瘑浣跨敤at -r 鍛戒護錛屾竻闄よ浣滀笟銆?
浠g爜:
$ at -l
1聽 聽 聽 聽2004-11-02 10:40 a sam
3聽 聽 聽 聽2004-11-02 15:00 a sam
4聽 聽 聽 聽2004-11-01 19:07 a sam
$at -r 3
$at -l
1聽 聽 聽 聽2004-11-02 10:40 a sam
4聽 聽 聽 聽2004-11-01 19:07 a sam
鏈変簺緋葷粺浣跨敤at-r [job no]鍛戒護娓呴櫎浣滀笟銆?/span>
3.&
褰撳湪鍓嶅彴榪愯鏌愪釜浣滀笟鏃訛紝緇堢琚浣滀笟鍗犳嵁錛涜屽湪鍚庡彴榪愯浣滀笟鏃訛紝瀹冧笉浼氬崰鎹粓绔傚彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?amp;鍛戒護鎶婁綔涓氭斁鍒板悗鍙版墽琛屻?
璇ュ懡浠ょ殑涓鑸艦寮忎負錛?
浠g爜:
鍛戒護&
鍦ㄥ悗鍙拌繍琛屼綔涓氭椂瑕佸綋蹇冿細闇瑕佺敤鎴蜂氦浜掔殑鍛戒護涓嶈鏀懼湪鍚庡彴鎵ц錛屽洜涓鴻繖鏍蜂綘鐨勬満鍣ㄥ氨浼氬湪閭i噷鍌葷瓑銆?
涓嶈繃錛屼綔涓氬湪鍚庡彴榪愯涓鏍蜂細灝嗙粨鏋滆緭鍑哄埌灞忓箷涓婏紝騫叉壈浣犵殑宸ヤ綔銆傚鏋滄斁鍦ㄥ悗鍙拌繍琛岀殑浣滀笟浼氫駭鐢熷ぇ閲忕殑杈撳嚭錛屾渶濂戒嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈢殑鏂規硶鎶婂畠鐨勮緭鍑洪噸瀹氬悜鍒版煇涓枃浠朵腑錛?
浠g爜:
command >out.file 2>&1 &
鍦ㄤ笂闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓紝2>&1琛ㄧず鎵鏈夌殑鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鍜岄敊璇緭鍑洪兘灝嗚閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓彨鍋歰ut.file 鐨勬枃浠朵腑銆?
褰撲綘鎴愬姛鍦版彁浜よ繘紼嬩互鍚庯紝灝變細鏄劇ず鍑轟竴涓繘紼嬪彿錛屽彲浠ョ敤瀹冩潵鐩戞帶璇ヨ繘紼嬶紝鎴栨潃姝誨畠銆?
渚嬩竴錛?
鏌ユ壘鍚嶄負鈥渉ttpd.conf鈥濈殑鏂囦歡錛屽茍鎶婃墍鏈夋爣鍑嗚緭鍑哄拰閿欒杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌f i n d . d t鐨勬枃浠朵腑錛?
浠g爜:
# find /etc/httpd/ -name "httpd.conf" -print >find.dt 2>&1 &
[2] 7832
[1]聽 聽Done聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 find /etc/ -name "httpd.conf" -print >find.dt 2>&1 &
鎴愬姛鎻愪氦璇ュ懡浠や箣鍚庯紝緋葷粺緇欏嚭浜嗗畠鐨勮繘紼嬪彿7832銆?
浠g爜:
# cat find.dt
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[2]+聽 Done聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 find /etc/httpd/ -name "httpd.conf" -print >find.dt 2>&1 &
鏌ョ湅find.dt,鍙互鐪嬪埌鎵ц緇撴灉
渚嬩簩錛?
鍦ㄥ悗鍙版墽琛岃剼鏈紝濡傦細鏈変竴涓彨psl鐨勮剼鏈?
浠g爜:
$ps psl &
[7878]
鐢╬s鍛戒護鏌ョ湅榪涚▼
鐢ㄦ彁浜ゅ懡浠ゆ椂鎵寰楀埌鐨勮繘紼嬪彿鏉ョ洃鎺у畠鐨勮繍琛屻傜敤p s鍛戒護鍜実 r e p鍛戒護鍒楀嚭榪欎釜榪涚▼錛?
浠g爜:
# ps -x |grep 7832
7868 pts/0聽 聽 S聽 聽 聽 0:00 grep 7832
濡傛灉緋葷粺涓嶆敮鎸乸s x鍛戒護錛屽彲浠ョ敤錛?
浠g爜:
# ps -ef |grep 7832
root聽 聽 聽 7866聽 7790聽 0 23:40 pts/0聽 聽 00:00:00 grep 7832
鍦ㄧ敤p s鍛戒護鍒楀嚭榪涚▼鏃訛紝瀹冩棤娉曠‘瀹氳榪涚▼鏄繍琛屽湪鍓嶅彴榪樻槸鍚庡彴銆?
鏉姝誨悗鍙拌繘紼?
鏉姝誨悗鍙拌繘紼嬪彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╧ i l l鍛戒護銆傚綋涓涓繘紼嬭鏀懼埌鍚庡彴榪愯鏃訛紝 s h e l l浼氱粰鍑轟竴涓繘紼嬪彿錛屾垜浠彲浠ユ牴鎹繖涓繘紼嬪彿錛岀敤k i l l鍛戒護鏉姝昏榪涚▼銆傝鍛戒護鐨勫熀鏈艦寮忎負錛?
浠g爜:
kill -signal [process_number]
鐜板湪鏆備笖涓嶈鑰冭檻鍏朵腑鐨勫悇縐嶄笉鍚屼俊鍙楓?
鍦ㄦ潃榪涚▼鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鎵ц涓嬮潰鐨勫懡浠?浣犵殑榪涚▼鍙峰彲鑳戒細涓嶅悓)騫舵寜鍥炶濺閿傜郴緇熷皢浼氱粰鍑虹浉搴旂殑淇℃伅鍛婅瘔鐢ㄦ埛榪涚▼宸茬粡琚潃姝匯?
浠g爜:
$kill 7832
濡傛灉緋葷粺娌℃湁緇欏嚭浠諱綍淇℃伅錛屽憡璇変綘榪涚▼宸茬粡琚潃姝伙紝閭d箞涓嶅Θ絳変竴浼氬効錛屼篃璁哥郴緇熸鍦ㄦ潃璇ヨ繘紼嬶紝濡傛灉榪樻病鏈夊洖搴旓紝灝卞啀鎵ц鍙﹀涓涓猭 i l l鍛戒護錛岃繖嬈″甫涓婁竴涓俊鍙烽夐」錛?
浠g爜:
$kill - 9 7868
濡傛灉鐢ㄤ笂榪版柟娉曟彁浜や簡涓涓悗鍙拌繘紼嬶紝閭d箞鍦ㄩ鍑烘椂璇ヨ繘紼嬪皢浼氳緇堟銆備負浜嗕嬌鍚庡彴榪涚▼鑳藉鍦ㄩ鍑哄悗緇х畫榪愯錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╪ o h u p鍛戒護銆?br />
4.nohug
濡傛灉浣犳鍦ㄨ繍琛屼竴涓繘紼嬶紝鑰屼笖浣犺寰楀湪閫鍑哄笎鎴鋒椂璇ヨ繘紼嬭繕涓嶄細緇撴潫錛岄偅涔堝彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╪ o h u p鍛戒護銆傝鍛戒護鍙互鍦ㄤ綘閫鍑哄笎鎴蜂箣鍚庣戶緇繍琛岀浉搴旂殑榪涚▼銆俷 o h u p灝辨槸涓嶆寕璧風殑鎰忔? no hang up)銆?
璇ュ懡浠ょ殑涓鑸艦寮忎負錛?浠g爜:
nohup command &
浣跨敤nohup鍛戒護鎻愪氦浣滀笟
濡傛灉浣跨敤n o h u p鍛戒護鎻愪氦浣滀笟錛岄偅涔堝湪緙虹渷鎯呭喌涓嬭浣滀笟鐨勬墍鏈夎緭鍑洪兘琚噸瀹氬悜鍒頒竴涓悕涓簄 o h u p . o u t鐨勬枃浠朵腑錛岄櫎闈炲彟澶栨寚瀹氫簡杈撳嚭鏂囦歡錛?浠g爜:
nohup command > myout.file 2>&1
鍦ㄤ笂闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓紝杈撳嚭琚噸瀹氬悜鍒癿 y o u t . f i l e鏂囦歡涓?
璁╂垜浠潵鐪嬩竴涓緥瀛愶紝楠岃瘉涓涓嬪湪閫鍑哄笎鎴峰悗鐩稿簲鐨勪綔涓氭槸鍚﹁兘澶熺戶緇繍琛屻傛垜浠厛鎻愪氦涓涓悕涓簆 s 1鐨勬棩蹇楁竻闄よ繘紼嬶細 浠g爜:
$nobup ps1 &
鐜板湪閫鍑鴻s h e l l錛屽啀閲嶆柊鐧誨綍錛岀劧鍚庢墽琛屼笅闈㈢殑鍛戒護錛?浠g爜:
$ps x |grep ps1
鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌錛岃鑴氭湰榪樺湪榪愯銆傚鏋滅郴緇熶笉鏀寔ps x鍛戒護錛屼嬌鐢╬s -ef|grep ps1鍛戒護銆?br />
5.涓嬈℃彁浜ゅ嚑涓綔涓?/span>
濡傛灉甯屾湜涓嬈℃彁浜ゅ嚑涓懡浠わ紝鏈濂借兘澶熸妸瀹冧滑鍐欏叆鍒頒竴涓猻 h e l l鑴氭湰鏂囦歡涓紝騫剁敤n o h u p鍛戒護鏉ユ墽琛屽畠銆?
渚嬪錛屼笅闈㈢殑鎵鏈夊懡浠ら兘鐢ㄧ閬撶鍙瘋繛鎺ュ湪涓璧鳳紱鎴戜滑鍙互鎶婅繖浜涘懡浠ゅ瓨鍏ヤ竴涓枃浠訛紝騫朵嬌璇ユ枃浠跺彲鎵ц銆?浠g爜:
cat /home/accounts/qrt_0499 | /apps/bin/trials.awk | sort | lp
$cat > quarterend
cat /home/accounts/qtr_0499 | /apps/bin/trials.awk | sort | lp
<ctrl-D>
鐜板湪璁╁畠鍙墽琛岋細 浠g爜:
$ chmod 744 quarterend
鎴戜滑榪樺皢璇ヨ剼鏈殑鎵鏈夎緭鍑洪兘閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓悕涓簈 t r. o u t鐨勬枃浠朵腑銆?浠g爜:
nobup ./quarterend > qtr.out 2>
鍚庡彴榪愯浣滀笟鐨?
鏈夋椂鎴戜滑蹇呴』瑕佸澶ф枃浠惰繘琛屽ぇ閲忔洿鏀癸紝鎴栨墽琛屼竴浜涘鏉傜殑鏌ユ壘錛岃繖浜涘伐浣滄渶濂借兘澶熷湪緋葷粺璐熻嵎杈冧綆鏃舵墽琛屻?
鍒涘緩涓涓畾鏃舵竻鐞嗘棩蹇楁枃浠舵垨瀹屾垚鍏朵粬鐗規畩宸ヤ綔鐨勮剼鏈紝榪欐牱鍙鎻愪氦涓嬈★紝灝卞彲浠ユ瘡澶╂櫄涓婅繍琛岋紝鑰屼笖鏃犻渶浣犲共棰勶紝鍙鐪嬬湅鐩稿簲鐨勮剼鏈棩蹇楀氨鍙互浜嗐俢 r o n鍜屽叾浠栧伐鍏峰彲浠ヤ嬌緋葷粺綆$悊浠誨姟鍙樺緱鏇磋交鏉俱?/span>
6.*錛岋紵錛孾...]錛孾!...]絳?/span>
鈥?鍖歸厤鏂囦歡鍚嶄腑鐨勪換浣曞瓧絎︿覆銆?
鈥?鍖歸厤鏂囦歡鍚嶄腑鐨勫崟涓瓧絎︺?
鈥?鍖歸厤鏂囦歡鍚嶄腑鐨勫瓧姣嶆垨鏁板瓧瀛楃銆?
涓嬮潰灝辨槸榪欎簺鐗規畩瀛楃錛?
* 鍖歸厤鏂囦歡鍚嶄腑鐨勪換浣曞瓧絎︿覆錛屽寘鎷┖瀛楃涓層?
錛?鍖歸厤鏂囦歡鍚嶄腑鐨勪換浣曞崟涓瓧絎︺?
[...] 鍖歸厤[ ]涓墍鍖呭惈鐨勪換浣曞瓧絎︺?
[!...] 鍖歸厤[ ]涓潪鎰熷徆鍙鳳紒涔嬪悗鐨勫瓧絎︺?
褰搒 h e l l閬囧埌涓婅堪瀛楃鏃訛紝灝變細鎶婂畠浠綋浣滅壒孌婂瓧絎︼紝鑰屼笉鏄枃浠跺悕涓殑鏅氬瓧絎︼紝榪欐牱鐢ㄦ埛灝卞彲浠ョ敤瀹冧滑鏉ュ尮閰嶇浉搴旂殑鏂囦歡鍚嶃?
a銆?錛氫嬌鐢ㄦ槦鍙?鍙互鍖歸厤鏂囦歡鍚嶄腑鐨勪換浣曞瓧絎︿覆銆傚氨涓嶇敤澶氳浜嗭紝鍜寃in涓嬪樊涓嶅
b銆侊紵錛氫嬌鐢ㄥ彲浠ュ尮閰嶆枃浠跺悕涓殑浠諱綍鍗曚釜瀛楃銆傚拰win宸笉澶?
c銆乕]錛氫嬌鐢╗ . . . ]鍙互鐢ㄦ潵鍖歸厤鏂規嫭鍙穂 ]涓殑浠諱綍瀛楃銆傚彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄤ竴涓í鏉?鏉ヨ繛鎺ヤ袱涓瓧姣嶆垨鏁板瓧錛屼互姝ゆ潵琛ㄧず涓涓寖鍥淬?
1)鍒楀嚭浠鎴杘寮澶寸殑鏂囦歡鍚嶏細 浠g爜:
#ls [io]*
2)鍒楀嚭log.寮澶淬佸悗闈㈣窡闅忎竴涓暟瀛椼佺劧鍚庡彲浠ユ槸浠繪剰瀛楃涓茬殑鏂囦歡鍚嶏細 浠g爜:
#ls log.[0-9]*
3)涓庝緥浜岀浉鍙嶏紝鍒楀嚭log.寮澶淬佸悗闈笉璺熼殢涓涓暟瀛椼佺劧鍚庡彲浠ユ槸浠繪剰瀛楃涓茬殑鏂囦歡鍚?浠g爜:
#ls log.[!0-9]*
4)鍒楀嚭鎵鏈変互LPS寮澶淬佷腑闂村彲浠ユ槸浠諱綍涓や釜瀛楃錛屾渶鍚庝互1緇撳熬鐨勬枃浠跺悕錛?浠g爜:
#ls LPS??1
5)鍒楀嚭鎵鏈変互澶у啓瀛楁瘝寮澶寸殑鏂囦歡鍚嶏細 浠g爜:
$ ls [A-Z]*
6)鍒楀嚭鎵鏈変互灝忓啓瀛楁瘝寮澶寸殑鏂囦歡鍚嶏細 浠g爜:
$ ls [a-z]*
7)涓轟簡鍒楀嚭鎵鏈変互鏁板瓧寮澶寸殑鏂囦歡鍚嶏細 浠g爜:
$ ls [0-9]*
8)鍒楀嚭鎵鏈変互. 寮澶寸殑鏂囦歡鍚嶏紙闅愬惈鏂囦歡錛屼緥濡? p r o f i l e銆? r h o s t s銆? h i s t o r y絳夛級: 浠g爜:
$ ls .*
]]>
time ps
]]>
濡俵s&
]]>