锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?> 浼佷笟棰嗗煙涓換浣曚竴欏瑰繀欏婚伒瀹堢殑鏉′歡錛?/span>Conditions錛夈佺害鏉燂紙Constraints錛夋垨鏀跨瓥錛?/span>Policies錛夐兘綆楁槸涓氬姟瑙勫垯銆?/span> 鍙互灝嗕笟鍔¤鍒欏垎涓轟袱澶х被錛屽垎鍒負錛氱害鏉熻鍒欙紙Constraint Rules錛変笌琛嶇敓瑙勫垯錛?/span>Derivation Rules錛夈?/span> 綰︽潫瑙勫垯涓昏鐢ㄦ潵綰︽潫瀵硅薄緇撴瀯鍜岃涓猴紱琛嶇敓瑙勫垯涓昏鏄帹璁虹害鏉熷拰璁$畻鍏紡銆傜粏鍒嗙被濡備笅錛?/span> 1錛?nbsp;綰︽潫瑙勫垯錛?/span>Constraint Rules錛?/span> a錛?nbsp;鍒烘縺/鍙嶅簲瑙勫垯錛?/span>Stimulus/ Response Rules錛?/span> b錛?nbsp;鎿嶄綔瑙勫垯錛?/span>Operation Constraint Rules錛?/span> c錛?nbsp;緇撴瀯瑙勫垯錛?/span>Structure Constraint Rules錛?/span> 2錛?nbsp;琛嶇敓瑙勫垯錛?/span>Derivation Rules錛?/span> a錛?nbsp;鎺ㄨ瑙勫垯錛?/span>Inference Rules錛?/span> b錛?nbsp;璁$畻瑙勫垯錛?/span>Computation Rules錛?/span> 鍒烘縺/鍙嶅簲瑙勫垯 褰擄紙WHEN錛夋煇涓噸瑕佺殑澶栫晫浜嬩歡鍙戠敓錛岃屼笖錛?/span>and錛夊璞″鏋滐紙IF錛夋伆濂藉浜庢煇縐嶇姸鎬佷笅鏃訛紝錛?/span>THEN錛夊璞″氨浼氬仛鍑烘煇縐嶄簨鍏堢害瀹氬ソ鐨勮涓恒傜畝璦涔嬶紝WHEN and IF鏉′歡鎴愮珛鏃訛紝瀵硅薄灝變細鏈?/span>THEN鐨勫弽搴斻?/span> 鎿嶄綔瑙勫垯 鎿嶄綔瑙勫垯錛?/span>Operation Constraint Rules錛夌敤鏉ヤ繚璇佹搷浣滀細姝g‘鎵ц錛岄氬父鍙堝垎涓?#8220;鎿嶄綔鍓嶈鍒?#8221;錛?/span>Operation Precondition Rules錛夊強“鎿嶄綔鍚庤鍒?#8221;錛?/span>Operation Postcondition Rules錛夈?/span> 鍙錛?/span>ONLY IF錛?#8230;…涓旓紙and錛?#8230;…鎵ц錛?/span>Execute錛?/span> 緇撴瀯瑙勫垯 緇撴瀯瑙勫垯錛?/span>Structure Constaints Rules錛夌敤鏉ョ害鏉熷璞$綾繪垨鍏寵仈鍏崇郴蹇呴』姘歌繙閬靛畧瑙勫垯銆傚湪綾誨浘閲岋紝鏈瀹規槗琛ㄨ揪緇撴瀯瑙勫垯銆?/span> 鎺ㄨ瑙勫垯 鎺ㄨ瑙勫垯錛?/span>Inference Rules錛夋寚鍑烘煇浜嬪疄錛?/span>Facts錛変負鐪燂紙True錛夋椂錛岀粨璁猴紙Conclusion錛夊彲琚帹璁哄緱鍑恒?/span> IF …… THEN …… 璁$畻瑙勫垯 璁$畻瑙勫垯錛?/span>Computation Rules錛夊氨鏄竴鑸墍璋撶殑璁$畻鍏紡銆?/span> 涓氬姟瑙勫垯鏁h惤鍥涘錛岀郴緇熷垎鏋愬憳鍙互閫氳繃涓嶅悓鐨勭殑UML鍥撅紝閲嶆柊緇勭粐涓斿憟鐜頒笟鍔¤鍒欙紝濡備笅錛?/span> a錛?nbsp;PIM-1鐨勭郴緇熺敤渚嬪彊榪幫紝浠ョ郴緇熸祦紼嬩負涓伙紝璁板綍綰︽潫嫻佺▼鐨勪笟鍔¤鍒欍?/span> b錛?nbsp;PIM-2鐨勭姸鎬佸浘錛屼互瀵硅薄琛屼負涓轟富錛岃褰曞埡嬋瀵硅薄鍙嶅簲鐨勪笟鍔¤鍒欍?/span> c錛?nbsp;PIM-3鐨勭被鍥撅紝浠ラ潤鎬佺粨鏋勪負涓伙紝璁板綍綰︽潫瀵硅薄縐嶇被鎴栧叧鑱斿叧緋葷殑涓氬姟瑙勫垯銆?/span> 鍦ㄨ繘琛?/span>PIM-1鏃訛紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樺凡緇忓箍娉涘湴璁頒笅涓浜涢噸瑕佺殑涓氬姟瑙勫垯浜嗐傛帴鐫錛岀郴緇熷垎鏋愬憳鍙互浠庝腑鎵懼嚭娑夊強澶氶」涓氬姟瑙勫垯鐨勪笟鍔″璞★紙Business Object錛夛紝騫朵簬姝ゅ鐨?/span>PIM-2錛屽啀榪涗竴姝ラ氳繃鐘舵佸浘錛岀粍緇囦笖璁板綍鏇村閲嶈鐨勪笟鍔¤鍒欍?/span> 鍚屾椂錛岀郴緇熷垎鏋愬憳緇忚繃浜嗗緩绔嬬姸鎬佸浘鐨勬濊冭繃紼嬩箣鍚庯紝鍙互瀵歸噸瑕佷笟鍔″璞$殑鐘舵佸彉鍖栨洿鍔犳竻妤氥傜郴緇熷垎鏋愬憳鍙互鐢ㄤ竴寮犵姸鎬佸浘鍛堢幇鏌愪竴縐嶉噸瑕佸璞′竴鐢熺殑琛屼負銆備粠瀵硅薄璇炵敓鍒扮伃浜℃湡闂達紝瀹冧細瀵瑰摢浜涗簨浠訛紙Event錛夋湁鎵鍙嶅簲錛屽洜鑰岃漿鎹紙Transition錛夊叾鍐呭湪鐘舵侊紙State錛夛紝鍜屾墽琛屾煇浜涚壒瀹氱殑鍔ㄤ綔錛?/span>Action錛夈?/span> 閽堝瀵硅薄涓鐢熶腑鍙兘鎵ц鐨勪竴緇勫姩浣滐紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樹嬌鐢ㄧ姸鎬佹潵鍒嗙粍榪欎簺鍔ㄤ綔銆傚洜姝わ紝瀵硅薄涓鏃﹁漿鎹㈣繘鍏ユ煇涓涓姸鎬佷箣鍚庯紝鍏跺彲鎵ц鐨勫姩浣滃氨浼氳綰︽潫錛岀洿鍒板彂鐢熶簡閲嶈浜嬩歡涔嬪悗錛屽璞℃墠浼氳漿鎹㈠埌鍙︿竴涓姸鎬侊紝鍚屾椂涔熸墽琛屾柊鐘舵佸唴閮ㄨ瀹氬ソ鐨勫姩浣溿?/span> PIM-1~PIM-4鐨?/span>UML浜х敓緇撴灉錛屽皢浣滀負闇姹傛枃浠朵腑鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎錛岃屽叾浣欓潪UML浜х敓鐨勭粨鏋滐紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樿欏圭洰瑙勫畾鎴栦互寰緇忛獙鑷浜х敓銆?/span> 鍦?/span>PIM闃舵涓紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樿礋璐g敓鎴?/span>PIM-1~PIM-4錛岃嚦浜庡叾浣欑殑PIM鎴?/span>PSM錛屽垯鐢卞叾浠栧紑鍙戜漢鍛樿礋璐g敓鎴愩?/span> PIM-1~PIM-4鐨勪駭鐢熺粨鏋滃涓嬶細 PIM-1錛氬垎鏋愮郴緇熸祦紼嬶紙緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥鍙欒堪錛?/span> PIM-2錛氬垎鏋愪笟鍔¤鍒欙紙鐘舵佸浘錛?/span> PIM-3錛氬畾涔夐潤鎬佺粨鏋勶紙綾誨浘錛?/span> PIM-4錛氬畾涔夋搷浣滃強鏂規硶錛堝簭鍒楀浘錛?/span> 鍦ㄨ繘鍏?/span>PIM闃舵涔嬪悗錛岀郴緇熷垎鏋愬憳灝嗘墍鏈夌郴緇熺敤渚嬩緷鐩稿叧鎬у垎鎴愯嫢騫茬粍錛屼互緇勫埆鏂瑰紡鐢熸垚璇ョ粍緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥娑夊強鐨?/span>PIM-1~PIM-4浜х敓鐨勭粨鏋滐紝闅忓悗浜ょ粰鍚庣畫鐨勫紑鍙戜漢鍛樿繘琛岃璁★紝緙栫爜鍙婃祴璇曘傜劧鍚庨愭鐢熸垚涓緇勪竴緇勭殑PIM-1~PIM-4浜х敓緇撴灉錛岃窡CIM鐨勭敓鎴愭柟寮忎笉鍚屻?/span> 緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛橀愭鐢熸垚PIM鐨勫彲鑳芥儏鍐碉細 絎竴闃舵錛岃繘琛?/span>CIM-1錛岀敓鎴愪笟鍔$敤渚?/span> 絎簩闃舵錛岃繘琛?/span>CIM-2錛岀敓鎴愭椿鍔ㄥ浘 絎笁闃舵錛岃繘琛?/span>CIM-3錛岀敓鎴愮郴緇熺敤渚?/span> 絎洓闃舵錛屽喅絳栦漢鍛樹粠CIM-3鎸戦夊嚭涓浜涚郴緇熺敤渚嬶紝浣滀負棣栨湡緋葷粺鑼冨洿銆傛帴鐫錛岀郴緇熷垎鏋愬憳灝嗘寫閫夊嚭鏉ョ殑緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥錛屼互鍏墮鍩熺煡璇嗙殑鐩稿叧鎬у垎緇勩?/span> 絎簲闃舵錛岀敓鎴愮涓緇勭郴緇熺敤渚嬬浉鍏崇殑PIM-1~PIM-4鍒嗘瀽鏂囦歡錛屽茍浜ょ敱鍚庣畫鐨勫紑鍙戜漢鍛樿繘琛岃璁°佺紪鐮佸強嫻嬭瘯銆?/span> 絎叚闃舵錛氫緷嬈$敓鎴愬叾瀹冪粍鐨勭郴緇熺敤渚嬬浉鍏崇殑PIM-1~PIM-4鍒嗘瀽鏂囦歡錛屽茍浜ょ敱鍚庣畫鐨勫紑鍙戜漢鍛樿繘琛岃璁°佺紪鐮佸強嫻嬭瘯銆?/span> PIM-1錛氱郴緇熺敤渚嬪彊榪?/span> 閽堝姣忎竴涓郴緇熺敤渚嬶紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樺垎鏋愬叾鍐呴儴緇嗚妭錛屽茍緙栧啓鎴愮郴緇熺敤渚嬪彊榪幫紙UC Description錛夈?/span> 涓浠界敤渚嬪彊榪版牸寮忛噷澶村寘鍚欏瑰瓧孌碉紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樺彲浠ヤ粠涓寫閫夐傜敤鐨勫瓧孌電粍鎴愯嚜宸辯殑鐢ㄤ緥鍙欒堪鏍煎紡銆?/span> 1銆?nbsp;鐢ㄤ緥鍩烘湰鏁版嵁 鈼?/span>鐢ㄤ緥鍚嶇О 鈼?/span>鐢ㄤ緥緙栧彿 鈼?/span>鐢ㄤ緥綆榪?/span> 鈼?/span>鐢ㄤ緥鍥?/span> 鈼?/span>緋葷粺 鈼?/span>鎵ц鑰?/span> 鈼?/span>鐩稿叧鐢ㄤ緥 2銆?nbsp;鎵ц嫻佺▼ 鈼?/span>涓昏嫻佺▼錛?/span>Basic Flow錛?/span> 鈼?/span> 鏇夸唬嫻佺▼錛?/span>Alternate Flows錛?/span> 鈼?/span> 渚嬪嫻佺▼錛?/span>Exception Flows錛?/span> 3銆?nbsp;鏉′歡鍙婅鍒?/span> 鈼?/span>鍚姩浜嬩歡鎴栨潯浠訛紙Triggers錛?/span> 鈼?/span>鍓嶇疆鏉′歡錛?/span>Preconditions錛?/span> 鈼?/span>鍚庣疆鏉′歡錛?/span>Post conditions on Success錛?/span> 鈼?/span>澶辮觸鏃剁姸鎬侊紙Status on Failure錛?/span> 鈼?/span>涓氬姟瑙勫垯錛?/span>Business Rule錛?/span> 4銆?nbsp;鐩稿叧鏂囨。 鈼?/span> 鐢ㄤ緥鍙欒堪鐨勫巻鍙茬増鏈?/span> 鈼?/span>UML鍥?/span> 鈼?/span>鍙傝冪敾闈?/span> 鈼?/span>鍏朵粬闈?/span>UML鏂囨。 5銆?nbsp;鍏朵粬浜嬮」 鈼?/span>浼樺厛鎬э紙Priority錛?/span> 鈼?/span>榪唬絳夌駭錛?/span>Iteration錛?/span> 鈼?/span>寰呰В鍐抽棶棰橈紙Issues錛?/span> 鈼?/span> 鍩烘湰鍋囪錛?/span>Assumptions錛?/span> 鈼?/span>鐩稿叧浜哄憳 鈼?/span>鐗規畩闇姹傦紙Special Requirements錛?/span> 鐩稿叧鐢ㄤ緥錛氬父瑙佺殑鐩稿叧鎬ф湁涓ゆ柟闈紝鍏朵竴鏄墽琛岀敤渚嬪墠蹇呴』鍏堣鎵ц榪囨煇鐩稿叧鐢ㄤ緥錛屽叾浜屾槸鎵ц鐢ㄤ緥鏈熼棿鍙兘椹卞姩鍏朵粬鐨勫寘鍚敤渚嬶紙Inclusion Use Case錛夛紝鎴栨槸鍥犳潯浠剁鍚堥┍鍔ㄥ叾浠栫殑鎵╁睍鐢ㄤ緥錛?/span>Extension Use Case錛夈?/span> 灝辯郴緇熷唴閮ㄨ岃█錛屽悇鐢ㄤ緥鍦ㄥ叾騫曞悗閮芥槸鍏變韓鍚屼竴緹ゅ璞°備篃灝辨槸璇達紝UC涔嬮棿鑷劧灝卞叿鏈?#8220;鍏變韓瀵硅薄”涔嬪叧緋匯備絾鏄紝鐢變簬鐢ㄤ緥鍥懼彧鍛堢幇緋葷粺澶栬錛屾墍浠ュ湪鐢ㄤ緥鍥鵑噷鐪嬩笉鍒拌繖縐嶅叧緋匯傚湪澶栬鏂歸潰錛?/span>UC涔嬮棿鏈変袱縐嶅叧緋伙紝鍒嗗埆鏄?#8220;鍖呭惈”錛?/span>Include錛夊拰“鎵╁睍”錛?/span>Extend錛夊叧緋匯?/span> 涓や釜鐢ㄤ緥涔嬮棿鍙互鏈?#8220;鍖呭惈”鍏崇郴錛岀敤浠ヨ〃紺烘煇涓涓敤渚嬬殑瀵硅瘽嫻佺▼涓紝鍖呭惈鐫鍙︿竴涓敤渚嬬殑瀵硅瘽嫻佺▼銆備竴鏃﹀嚭鐜版暟涓敤渚嬮兘鏈夐儴鍒嗙浉鍚岀殑瀵硅瘽嫻佺▼鏃訛紝灝嗙浉鍚岀殑嫻佺▼璁板綍鍦ㄥ彟涓涓敤鎴蜂腑錛涘墠鑰呯О涓?#8220;鍩虹敤渚?#8221;錛?/span>Base UC錛夛紝鍚庤呯О涓?#8220;鍖呭惈鐢ㄤ緥”錛?/span>Inclusion UC錛夈?/span> 濡傛涓鏉ワ紝榪欎簺鍩虹敤渚嬪氨鍙互鍏變韓鍖呭惈鐢ㄤ緥浜嗐?/span> 綆璦涔嬶紝鍖呭惈鍏崇郴鏄潵鑷簬鎶借薄錛?/span>Abstraction錛夛紝鍗充粠鏁頒釜涓嶅悓鐨勭敤渚嬩箣涓紝鎶界鍑哄叡鍚岀殑閮ㄥ垎錛岃屾垚涓哄彲浠ラ噸鐢ㄧ殑鐢ㄤ緥銆?/span> 涓や釜鐢ㄤ緥涔嬮棿榪樺彲浠ユ湁“鎵╁睍”鍏崇郴錛岀敤浠ヨ〃紺烘煇涓涓敤渚嬬殑瀵硅瘽嫻佺▼錛屽彲鑳戒細渚濇潯浠朵復鏃舵彃鍏ュ彟涓涓敤渚嬬殑瀵硅瘽嫻佺▼涓傚墠鑰呯О涓?#8220;鎵╁睍鐢ㄤ緥”錛?/span>Extension UC錛夛紝鍚庤呯О涓?#8220;鍩虹敤渚?#8221;錛?/span>Base UC錛夈?/span> 綆璦涔嬶紝鎵╁睍鍏崇郴鏉ヨ嚜浜庣敤渚嬪唴鎵ц媧誨姩鐨勮繃紼嬪垎涓轟富瑕佽繃紼嬶紙Main Course錛夊強鍙夋嫨鎬ц繃紼嬶紙Alternative Course錛夈?/span> 鎵ц嫻佺▼ 涓昏嫻佺▼錛氳繖鏄敤渚嬪彊榪版渶鏍稿績鐨勯儴鍒嗭紝鍏惰杞戒簡鏁翠釜鐢ㄤ緥姝e父鐨勬墽琛岃繃紼嬨?/span> 鏇夸唬嫻佺▼錛氫竴涓敤渚嬪彊榪伴噷闈紝閫氬父浼氬寘鍚竴孌典富瑕佹祦紼嬶紝鍚屾椂鍙互鍖呭惈鏁版鏇夸唬嫻佺▼銆?/span> 渚嬪嫻佺▼錛氱敤渚嬫墽琛屽け璐ョ殑鎯呭喌銆?/span> 鐢ㄤ緥鎴愬姛鎵ц鐨勮繃紼嬩腑錛屾甯告祦紼嬪氨鏄富瑕佹祦紼嬶紝鏈熼棿鍑虹幇鐨勫皬鎻掓洸灝辨槸鏇夸唬嫻佺▼銆備絾鏄紝渚嬪嫻佺▼澶勭悊鐨勬槸錛岀敤渚嬫墽琛屽け璐ョ殑鎯呭喌銆?/span> 鏉′歡鍙婅鍒?/span> 鍚姩浜嬩歡鎴栨潯浠訛細璁板綍鍚姩鐢ㄤ緥鐨勯噸瑕佷簨浠舵垨鏉′歡銆?/span> 鍓嶇疆鏉′歡錛氳繖鏄墽琛岀敤渚嬩箣鍓嶇殑媯楠岋紝鍞湁鍦ㄦ弧瓚蟲煇浜涢噸瑕佹潯浠舵椂錛屾墠浼氭墽琛岃鐢ㄤ緥錛屼互紜繚鐢ㄤ緥鍙互姝g‘鎵ц銆?/span> 鍚庣疆鏉′歡錛氱浉瀵逛簬鍓嶇疆鏉′歡錛屽悗緗潯浠朵唬琛ㄧ敤渚嬫墽琛屽畬姣曟椂錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃鍚庣疆鏉′歡鑷媯楠屾槸鍚︽墽琛屾垚鍔熴?/span> 澶辮觸鏃剁姸鎬侊細璁板綍鐢ㄤ緥鎵ц澶辮觸鏃剁殑鐘舵併?/span> 涓氬姟瑙勫垯錛氶噸瑕佺殑涓氬姟瑙勫垯鎴栬綆楀叕寮忛兘瑕佽褰曚笅鏉ャ?/span> 涓氬姟浜哄憳鍦ㄦ墽琛屼笟鍔℃祦紼嬫椂錛屼細浣跨敤鍒拌澶氶噸瑕佺殑涓氬姟瑙勫垯鎴栬綆楀叕寮忥紝榪欎簺涔熼兘鏄郴緇熷繀欏婚伒瀹堢殑鏉′歡鍙婅鍒欙紝鎵浠ュ繀欏昏褰曚笅鏉ャ?/span> 鐩稿叧鏂囨。 鐢變簬鐢ㄤ緥椹卞姩錛?/span>Use Case Driven錛夋槸褰撲粖杞歡寮鍙戠殑鍩虹妯″瀷錛屾墍浠ョ敤渚嬪彊榪板父浣滀負緋葷粺寮鍙戞枃浠剁殑姹囬泦鐐癸紝鍚屽畠閾炬帴鍒扮浉鍏崇殑鏂囨。銆?/span> 鐢ㄤ緥鍙欒堪鐨勫巻鍙茬増鏈細鐢ㄤ緥鏀圭増鏃訛紝鐢ㄤ緥鍙欒堪涔熻窡鐫鍚屾鏀圭増銆傜敤渚嬪彊榪版槸鍙備笌浜哄憳鐨勬櫤鎱ф垚鏋滐紝涔熸槸涓氬姟緇勭粐鐨勯噸瑕佽祫浜с傛墍浠ュ鏋滄湁闇瑕佷繚鐣欑敤渚嬪彊榪扮殑鍘嗗彶鐗堟湰鏃訛紝鍙互鍦ㄧ幇琛岀増鏈噷澶氬姞涓涓瓧孌碉紝浠ラ摼鎺ユ棫鏈夌殑鍘嗗彶鐗堟湰鍙婃敼鐗堣鏄庛?/span> UML鍥撅細璺熻鐢ㄤ緥鐩稿叧鐨勪笟鍔$敤渚嬪浘銆佹椿鍔ㄥ浘銆佺郴緇熺敤渚嬪浘銆佺姸鎬佸浘銆佺被鍥炬垨搴忓垪鍥撅紝絳夌瓑銆?/span> 鍙傝冪敾闈細鏈夋椂鍊欓檮涓婄敾闈㈣璁$殑鍥劇墖錛岃闃呰鑰呭彲浠ュ璇ョ敤渚嬫湁鏇村叿浣撶殑鎯寵薄銆?/span> 鍏朵粬闈?/span>UML鏂囨。錛氫緥濡備細璁褰曘?/span>琛ㄨ璁$瓑銆?/span> 鍏朵粬浜嬮」 浼樺厛鎬э細鏇跨敤渚嬫爣紺哄叾閲嶈搴︽垨浼樺厛鎬э紝鍙互鍗忓姪璁㈠畾寮鍙戠敤渚嬬殑欏哄簭錛岃秺閲嶈鐨勮秺浼樺厛寮鍙戙?/span> 榪唬絳夌駭錛氭浛鐢ㄤ緥鏍囩ず鍏剁粏鑷村害鎴栬凱浠g瓑綰э紝鏂逛究寮鍙戜漢鍛樼粡榪囧嬈¤凱浠g殑榪囩▼閫愭瀹氫箟鍑虹敤渚嬬殑緇嗚妭銆?/span> 寰呰В鍐抽棶棰橈細鍦ㄧ敤渚嬪垎鏋愪笌寮鍙戞湡闂達紝鍙兘浼氬嚭鐜拌繕娌℃湁瀹氳鐨勯棶棰橈紝榪欐椂鍊欓氳繃鐢ㄤ緥鍙欒堪鎶婇棶棰樿褰曡搗鏉ワ紝鏂逛究鎸囨淳璐熻矗浜哄憳浠ュ強鏃ュ悗鏌ラ槄銆?/span> 鍩烘湰鍋囪錛氬鏋滆鐢ㄤ緥鏄熀浜庢煇涓熀鏈亣璁捐岃璁″嚭鏉ョ殑錛岃涓嬭繖涓噸瑕佺殑鍩烘湰鍋囪銆?/span> 鐩稿叧浜哄憳錛氭瘡涓浠界敤渚嬪彊榪伴兘娑夊強鍑犵涓嶅悓韜喚鐨勭浉鍏充漢鍛橈紝鍖呮嫭鍒朵綔鑰呫侀槄璇昏呭拰瀹℃牳鑰咃紝絳夌瓑銆?/span> 鐗規畩闇姹傦細璺熻鐢ㄤ緥鐩稿叧鐨勯潪鍔熻兘鎬ч渶姹傜瓑鐗規畩闇姹傦紝閮藉彲浠ヨ褰曞湪榪欎釜瀛楁涓?/span>
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闅忓悗錛岄」鐩寮忚繘鍏?/span>PIM闃舵錛屼篃鏄寮忚繘鍏ュ垎鏋愰樁孌碉紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樺皢閽堝棣栨湡鐨勭郴緇熺敤渚嬭榪扮粏鑺傝鏍鹼紝浣滀負姝e紡闇姹傛枃浠剁殑涓閮ㄥ垎錛屼篃浣滀負涓氬姟浜哄憳涓庡紑鍙戜漢鍛樹箣闂寸殑娌熼氭枃浠躲?/span>
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鏃犳硶紜畾緋葷粺鑼冨洿錛屽氨鏃犳硶浼扮畻緋葷粺寮鍙戞墍闇鐨勬垚鏈強鏃墮棿錛屽綋鐒舵暣涓」鐩篃灝辨棤娉曞叏闈㈠睍寮銆傛墍浠ワ紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樿灝藉揩瀹屾垚姝ら」鐩紝鏈濂藉湪涓銆佷袱鍛ㄥ唴鍙互渚濇鐢熸垚涓嬪垪UML鏂囦歡錛?br> 鈼廋IM-1錛氬畾涔変笟鍔℃祦紼嬶紙涓氬姟鐢ㄤ緥鍥撅級
鈼廋IM-2錛氬垎鏋愪笟鍔℃祦紼嬶紙媧誨姩鍥撅級
鈼廋IM-3錛氬畾涔夌郴緇熻寖鍥達紙緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥鍥撅級
CIM-1錛?br> 緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樼粡榪囦簡CIM1~3闃舵涔嬪悗錛屽皢瀹氫箟鍑轟竴鍫嗙殑緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥錛岄殢鍚庝粠涓寫閫夊嚭棣栨壒寮鍙戠殑緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥錛岃繖鎵嶇畻紜畾浜嗙郴緇熻寖鍥達紝涔熸墠鑳藉浼扮畻寮鍙戞垚鏈強鏃墮棿錛屽茍涓旀寮忚繘鍏IM闃舵銆?br>
涓氬姟鐢ㄤ緥鍥劇殑涓昏緇勬垚鍏冪礌鏄笟鍔$敤渚嬪拰涓氬姟鎵ц鑰呫傛瘡涓涓笟鍔$敤渚嬩唬琛ㄤ竴鏉′笟鍔℃祦紼嬶紝涓氬姟鎵ц鑰呭垯浠h〃浣嶄簬涓氬姟緇勭粐澶栦絾浼氬惎鍔ㄦ垨鍙備笌涓氬姟嫻佺▼鐨勪漢錛堟垨鍏跺畠緋葷粺錛夈?br>
CIM-2錛?br> 閫氳繃CIM-1鍦堝嚭浜嗙郴緇熷皢鍙備笌鐨勪笟鍔℃祦紼嬩箣鍚庯紝閽堝姣忎竴涓笟鍔$敤渚嬶紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樺緱寮濮嬪垎鏋愬畠鐨勫伐浣滄祦紼嬶紝騫朵笖緇樺埗媧誨姩鍥撅紙Activity Diagram錛変笌涓氬姟浜哄憳鍙栧緱鍏辮瘑銆傞殢鍚庡埌浜咰IM-3鏃訛紝鎵嶈兘澶熶緷姝ゅ畾涔夊嚭緋葷粺鍙互鍗忓姪涔嬪錛屽茍涓旇鍒掑嚭緋葷粺鑼冨洿銆?br>
閫夌敤媧誨姩鍥句綔涓哄垎鏋愪笟鍔℃祦紼嬬殑宸ュ叿錛屼富瑕佹槸鍥犱負瀹冭兘澶熻緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樿仛鐒﹀湪嫻佺▼鍐呴儴鐨勪竴榪炰覆宸ヤ綔銆傚湪榪欎竴榪炰覆鐨勫伐浣滈」鐩腑錛屾湁浜涘伐浣滈」鐩彲鑳芥槸綰漢宸ユ搷浣滐紝鍙︿竴浜涘伐浣滈」鐩垯鍙兘鏈夌郴緇熺殑鍗忓姪銆傛壘鍑哄彲淇℃伅鍖栫殑宸ヤ綔欏圭洰錛屽茍浠ユ瀹氫箟鍑虹郴緇熸湭鏉ュ彲浠ユ彁渚涚殑鏈嶅姟欏圭洰錛屼篃灝卞畾涔夊嚭鍒濇鐨勭郴緇熻寖鍥翠簡銆?br>
CIM-3錛?br> 緇忚繃浜咰IM-1鐨勫畾涔変笟鍔$▼搴忎互鍙奀IM-2鐨勫垎鏋愪笟鍔℃祦紼嬩箣鍚庯紝緇堜簬榪涘叆鍒癈IM-3榪欏満鍘嬭醬鎴忎簡銆侰IM-1鍜孋IM-2鐨勭敓鎴愭枃浠訛紝璺烠IM-3鐨勭敓鎴愭枃浠朵箣闂達紝鏈夊涓嬬殑鍏寵仈鎬э細
鈼廋IM-1涓殑涓氬姟鎵ц鑰咃紝浠ュ強CIM-2涓殑鍔ㄤ綔璐熻矗浜猴紝閮藉彲鑳芥垚涓篊IM-3鐨勭郴緇熸墽琛岃咃紙System Actor錛夈?br> 鈼廋IM-2媧誨姩鍥句腑鐨勬瘡涓涓姩浣滐紝閮藉彲鑳芥垚涓篊IM-3鐨勭郴緇熺敤渚嬨?br>
鍦–IM-3涓紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樺皢鍒嗘瀽CIM-2鐢熸垚鐨勬墍鏈夋椿鍔ㄥ浘錛屽畾涔夊嚭涓鍫嗙殑緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥銆傞殢鍚庯紝寰呴」鐩粡鐞嗗強鐩稿叧浜哄+浠庝腑鎸戦変竴鎵圭郴緇熺敤渚嬶紝浣滀負棣栨湡鍙戝竷錛圧elease錛夌殑緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥銆傛澶栵紝緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樹篃灝嗗甫鐫榪欐壒閫変腑鐨勭郴緇熺敤渚嬭繘鍏IM-1錛屽紑濮嬭榪版瘡涓涓郴緇熺敤渚嬬殑璇︾粏瑙勬牸銆?br>
緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樺湪瀹氫箟緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥鏃訛紝鍙互鍙傝冧笅鍒楀緩璁細
1銆佹瘡涓涓郴緇熺敤渚嬫渶濂藉彧鏈変竴涓惎鍔ㄨ呫?br> 2銆佺郴緇熺敤渚嬫墽琛屾椂闂達紝濡傛灉鏈夎仈鏈哄叾浠栫郴緇燂紝灝嗗畠浠垪涓烘敮鎸佽呫?br> 3銆侀亣鍒板畾鏃跺惎鍔ㄧ殑緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥錛屽彲浠ュ畾涔変竴涓悕涓?#8220;瀹氭椂鍚姩鑰咃紙Timer錛?#8221;鐨勮櫄鎷熷惎鍔ㄨ呫?br>
鍚姩鐢ㄤ緥鐨勬墽琛岃咃紝鐗圭О涓?#8220;鍚姩鑰?#8221;錛圛nitiator錛夛紝鍏朵綑涓嶅叿鏈夊惎鍔ㄧ壒璐ㄧ殑鎵ц鑰咃紝鍙О涔嬩負“鏀寔鑰?#8221;錛圫upport錛夈傜洿鎺ユ搷浣滆綆楁満鐨勭敤鎴鳳紝閫氬父灝辨槸緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥鐨勫惎鍔ㄨ呫傝屼笖鍦ㄧ郴緇熺敤渚嬫墽琛屾湡闂達紝鏈夋椂浼氶渶瑕佽仈鏈哄叾浠栫郴緇熶互鍙栧緱鍗忓姪錛岃繖浜涜仈鏈虹郴緇熷氨鏄敮鎸佽呫?br>
緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樺彲浠ュ厛浠?#8220;CIM-1鐨勪笟鍔℃墽琛岃?#8221;鍜?#8220;CIM-2鐨勫姩浣滆礋璐d漢”榪欎袱澶勫厛鎵懼嬋媧昏呫?br>
緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛樺湪緇樺埗緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥鍥炬椂錛屽彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄤ笅鍒楀嚑欏瑰父瑙佸仛娉曪細
1銆侀噰鐢ㄥ甫綆ご鍏崇郴綰匡紝璁╁惎鍔ㄨ呮寚鍚戠敤渚嬶紝鐢ㄤ緥鎸囧悜鏀寔鑰呫傝繖鏍蜂竴鏉ワ紝浠庡浘涓婂氨鍙互鏄庣‘鍒嗚鯨鍑哄惎鍔ㄨ呬笌鏀寔鑰呫?br> 2銆佷竴涓敤渚嬮氬父鍙湁涓涓惎鍔ㄨ咃紝涓嶈繃鍙兘鍑虹幇澶氫釜鏀寔鑰呫?br> 3銆佸鏋滄湁澶氫釜鍚姩鑰呯殑鎯呭喌錛屽皾璇曞垏鍓叉垚涓浜轟竴浼氳瘽錛圤ne user, One Session錛夈?br> 4銆佹湁鏃朵笉鍚岀敤鎴烽兘鍏鋒湁鍚姩鐢ㄤ緥鐨勭壒鎬э紝寤鴻鍦ㄥ浘涓婄粯鍑烘渶閲嶈鎴栨渶涓昏鐨勫惎鍔ㄨ咃紝鍩轟綑鍚姩鑰呰褰曞湪鐢ㄤ緥鍙欒堪閲岋紝榪欐牱鍙互闄嶄綆鍥劇殑澶嶆潅搴︺?br>
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MDA錛?/span>Model-Driven Architecture錛変笌UML錛?/span>Unified Modeling Language錛夊悓涓?/span>OMG錛?/span>Object Management Group錛夋満鏋勪箣鏍囧噯銆?/span>
MDA涓昏灝嗙敓鎴愮殑UML妯″瀷錛屽垎涓轟笅鍒椾笁涓樁孌碉細
鈼?/span> CIM錛?/span>Computation Independent Model錛夆斺旇仛鐒︿簬緋葷粺鐜鍙婇渶姹傦紝浣嗕笉娑夊強緋葷粺鍐呴儴鐨勭粨鏋勪笌鍔ㄤ綔緇嗚妭銆?/span>
鈼?PIM錛?/span>Platform Independent Model錛夆斺旇仛鐒︿簬緋葷粺鍐呴儴緇嗚妭錛屼絾涓嶆秹鍙婂疄鐜扮郴緇熺殑鍏蜂綋騫沖彴錛?/span>Platform錛夈?/span>
鈼?PSM錛?/span>Platform Specific Model錛夆斺旇仛鐒︿簬緋葷粺钀藉疄浜庣壒瀹氬叿浣撳鉤鍙扮殑緇嗚妭銆備緥濡傦紝Spring銆?/span>EJB2鎴?/span>.NET閮芥槸涓縐嶅叿浣撳鉤鍙般?/span>
鏈鍚庯紝紼嬪簭鍛樹細渚濇嵁PSM鐨?/span>UML妯″瀷鍐呭錛屾寜鍥炬柦宸ワ紝緙栧啓鍑洪傜敤浜庣壒瀹氬叿浣撳鉤鍙扮殑浠g爜銆?/span>
MDA鎻愬嚭鐨勮В鍐蟲柟娉曗斺斿皢浼佷笟鍙婂簲鐢ㄧ郴緇熶笌瀹炵幇鎶鏈鉤鍙板垎紱伙紝涓斾互緇熶竴寤烘ā璇█UML鏉ヨ〃杈句笌騫沖彴鏃犲叧鐨?/span>PIM錛岀劧鍚庡啀璁捐鍑洪傜敤浜庣壒瀹氬鉤鍙扮殑妯″瀷PSM銆傚姝や竴鏉ワ紝鍥犱負鍒嗛殧涓斿皝瑁呬簡浼佷笟涓庢妧鏈袱鏂歸潰鐨勫彉鍖栵紝鎵浠ラ檷浣庝簡涓よ呬箣闂寸殑鐗靛姩銆?/span>
MDA涓誨紶灝嗚璁″垏鍒嗘垚PIM鍜?/span>PSM銆?/span>
MDA欏圭洰寮鍙戠殑絎竴姝ラ浠?/span>CIM寮濮嬶紝涓嶅悓浜?/span>PIM鍜?/span>PSM錛?/span>CIM璇曞浘琛ㄨ揪淇℃伅緋葷粺鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ幆澧冿紝鑰岄潪淇℃伅緋葷粺鏈韓銆?/span>
鍦ㄨ繘琛?/span>CIM鏃訛紝鍏沖垏鐨勬槸涓庝紒涓氱浉鍏崇殑钀ヨ繍鐩爣銆佸疄鐜版潯浠跺強榪愪綔嫻佺▼絳夛紝鍏堜簡瑙d俊鎭郴緇熺殑搴旂敤鐜錛屾墠鏈夊彲鑳戒負浼佷笟閲忚韓鎵撻犲嚭瀹屽杽鐨勪俊鎭郴緇熴?/span>
鍦ㄧ粡鍘嗘瀯寤?/span>CIM鐨勮繃紼嬩腑錛岄櫎浜嗗彲浠ラ愭浜嗚В浼佷笟錛屽悓鏃朵篃寤虹珛涓庝笟鍔′漢鍛樹箣闂寸殑娌熼氭柟寮忓強榛樺錛岃繕璁╀笟鍔′漢鍛樺彲浠ュ弬涓庝俊鎭郴緇熺殑寮鍙戙?/span>
CIM鏃ㄥ湪璁板綍浼佷笟棰嗗煙閲岀殑閲嶈闇姹備笌姒傚康銆?/span>
PIM鍜?/span>PSM涔嬮棿鐨勭晫闄愶紝姣旇緝瀹規槗娣鋒穯錛屼袱鑰呮墍鍏沖垏鐨勪富浣撻兘鏄俊鎭郴緇燂紝鍒嗗埆鐨勭晫闄愬湪浜?#8220;騫沖彴”錛?/span>Platform錛変竴璇嶃?/span>
綆璦涔嬶紝PIM涓?/span>PSM鐨勭晫闄愬湪浜庯紝鏄惁鏀寔鐗瑰畾鐨勫叿浣撳鉤鍙般傚墠鑰呬笌鍏蜂綋騫沖彴鏃犲叧錛屽悗鑰呭垯寰楅傚悎鏌愪竴涓壒瀹氱殑鍏蜂綋騫沖彴銆?/span>
鍒嗘瀽姝ラ鍙傝冿細錛?/span>CIM銆?/span>PIM闃舵錛?/span>
CIM-1錛氬畾涔変笟鍔℃祦紼嬶紝浜х敓涓氬姟鐢ㄤ緥妯″瀷銆?/span>
CIM-2錛氬垎鏋愪笟鍔℃祦紼嬶紝浜х敓媧誨姩鍥俱?/span>
CIM-3錛氬畾涔夌郴緇熻寖鍥達紝浜х敓緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥鍥俱?/span>
PIM-1錛氬垎鏋愮郴緇熸祦紼嬶紝浜х敓緋葷粺鐢ㄤ緥鍙欒堪銆?/span>
PIM-2錛氬垎鏋愪笟鍔¤鍒欙紝浜х敓鐘舵佸浘
PIM-3錛氬畾涔夐潤鎬佺粨鏋勶紝浜х敓綾誨浘銆?/span>
PIM-4錛氬畾涔夋搷浣滃強鏂規硶錛岀敓鎴愬簭鍒楀浘銆?/span>