锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?> 瑕佹眰鏃墮棿澶嶆潅搴︾┖闂村鏉傚害閮藉敖鍙兘鐨勪綆銆?/p>
鏃墮棿澶嶆潅搴?O錛坣錛? 絀洪棿澶嶆潅搴錛?錛夛紝甯擱噺鏃墮棿銆?/p>
http://blog.csdn.net/zdl1016/archive/2009/09/21/4575309.aspx
// 緙栫▼鐝犵帒 絎簩绔?nbsp;瀛楃涓瞫tring寰幆縐諱綅i浣?br>
// eg "abcdefgh" 寰幆縐諱綅 3浣?nbsp;=銆?nbsp;"defghabc"
#include<iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
char* string_cyclicshift_v2( char* string, int i )

{
char ch;
int exchange;
int len;
exchange = 0;
len = strlen( string );
i = i%len;
if ( 0 == i )
return string;
int start_pos=0;
while ( exchange<len )
{
char ch = string[start_pos];
int currpos = start_pos;
int nextpos = (len+currpos+i)%len;
while ( nextpos != start_pos )
{
string[currpos] = string[nextpos];
++exchange;
currpos = nextpos;
nextpos = (len+currpos+i)%len;
}
cout<<string<<endl;
string[currpos] = ch;
++exchange;
++start_pos;
}
return string;
}
int main(){
char string[7]={'a','b','h','d','h','s'};
cout<<string<<endl;
char* s;
s=string_cyclicshift_v2(string,4);
cout<<s<<endl;
return 0;
}
#include<iostream.h>
#define N 13
void sift(int* a,int low,int high){
int i=low;
int j=2*i;
int temp=a[i];
while(j<=high){
if (j<high && a[j]<a[j+1])
{
j++;
}
if (temp<a[j])
{
a[i]=a[j];
i=j;
j=2*i;
}else
break;
}
a[i]=temp;
}
void heap_sort(int* a,int n){
int i;
int temp;
for (i=n/2;i>=0;i--)
{
sift(a,i,n-1);
}
for (i=n-1;i>0;i--)
{
temp=a[0];
a[0]=a[i];
a[i]=temp;
sift(a,0,i-1);
}
}
void sort_print(int* a,int n){
for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<a[i]<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
int main(){

int a[N]={34,34,566,66,77,8,989,6676,12323,89,90,123,4355};
sort_print(a,N);
heap_sort(a,N);
sort_print(a,N);


}
]]>
綆楁硶鐨勫姏閲忥紙杞潕寮澶嶏級(jí)---閫傚悎璁$畻鏈轟笓涓氭柊鐢?/p>
綆楁硶鐨勫姏閲?
2006騫?鏈?
綆楁硶鏄綆楁満縐戝棰嗗煙鏈閲嶈鐨勫熀鐭充箣涓錛屼絾鍗村彈鍒頒簡(jiǎn)鍥藉唴涓浜涚▼搴忓憳鐨勫喎钀借澶氬鐢熺湅鍒頒竴浜涘叕鍙稿湪鎷涜仒鏃惰姹傜殑緙栫▼璇█浜旇姳鍏棬錛屽氨浜х敓浜?jiǎn)涓縐嶈瑙o紝璁や負(fù)瀛﹁綆楁満灝辨槸瀛﹀悇縐嶇紪紼嬭璦錛屾垨鑰呰涓猴紝瀛︿範(fàn)鏈鏂扮殑璇█鎶鏈爣鍑嗗氨鏄渶濂界殑閾鴻礬鏂規(guī)硶鍏跺疄錛屽ぇ瀹惰榪欎簺鍏徃璇浜?jiǎn)缂柦E嬭璦铏界劧璇ュ錛屼絾鏄涔?fàn)璁〗帡鏈航帡娉曞拰鐞嗚鏇撮噸瑕佸Q屽洜涓鴻綆楁満璇█鍜屽紑鍙戝鉤鍙版棩鏂版湀寮傦紝浣嗕竾鍙樹(shù)笉紱誨叾瀹楃殑鏄偅浜涚畻娉曞拰鐞嗚錛屼緥濡傛暟鎹粨鏋勭畻娉曠紪璇戝師鐞嗚綆楁満浣撶郴緇撴瀯鍏崇郴鍨嬫暟鎹簱鍘熺悊絳夌瓑鍦ㄥ紑澶嶅鐢熺綉涓婏紝鏈変綅鍚屽鐢熷姩鍦版妸榪欎簺鍩虹璇劇▼姣旀嫙涓哄唴鍔燂紝鎶婃柊鐨勮璦鎶鏈爣鍑嗘瘮鎷熶負(fù)澶栧姛鏁村ぉ璧舵椂楂︾殑浜烘渶鍚庡彧鎳傚緱鎷涘紡錛屾病鏈夊姛鍔涳紝鏄笉鍙兘鎴愪負(fù)楂樻墜鐨?
綆楁硶涓庢垜
褰撴垜鍦?980騫磋漿鍏ヨ綆楁満縐戝緋繪椂錛岃繕娌℃湁澶氬皯浜虹殑涓撲笟鏂瑰悜鏄綆楁満縐戝鏈夎澶氬叾浠栫郴鐨勪漢鍢茬瑧鎴戜滑璇達(dá)細(xì)鐭ラ亾涓轟粈涔堝彧鏈変綘浠郴瑕佸姞涓涓瀛︼紝鑰屾病鏈夌墿鐞嗙瀛︾郴鎴栧寲瀛︾瀛︾郴鍚楋紵鍥犱負(fù)浜哄鏄湡鐨勭瀛?涓嶉渶瑕佺敾铔囨坊瓚籌紝鑰屼綘浠嚜宸卞績(jī)铏氾紝鐢熸曚笉縐戝錛屾墠榪欐牱嬈茬洊寮ュ槳 鍏跺疄錛岃繖鐐逛粬浠交搴曞紕閿欎簡(jiǎn)鐪熸瀛︽噦璁$畻鏈虹殑浜猴紙涓嶅彧鏄紪紼嬪尃錛夐兘瀵規(guī)暟瀛︽湁鐩稿綋鐨勯犺錛屾棦鑳界敤縐戝瀹剁殑涓ヨ皚鎬濈淮鏉ユ眰璇侊紝涔熻兘鐢ㄥ伐紼嬪笀鐨勫姟瀹炴墜孌墊潵瑙e喅闂鑰岃繖縐嶆濈淮鍜屾墜孌電殑鏈浣蟲紨緇庡氨鏄畻娉?
璁板緱鎴戣鍗氭椂鍐欑殑Othello瀵瑰紙杞歡鑾峰緱浜?jiǎn)涓栫晫鍐犲啗褰撴椨灱屽緱绗簩鍚嶇殑錆h璁や負(fù)鎴戞槸闈犱莖騫告墠鎵撹耽浠栵紝涓嶆湇姘斿湴闂垜鐨勭▼搴忓鉤鍧囨瘡縐掕兘鎼滅儲(chǔ)澶氬皯姝ユ錛屽綋浠栧彂鐜版垜鐨勮蔣浠跺湪鎼滅儲(chǔ)鏁堢巼涓婃瘮浠栧揩60澶氬嶆椂錛屾墠褰誨簳鏈嶈緭涓轟粈涔堝湪鍚屾牱鐨勬満鍣ㄤ笂錛屾垜鍙互澶氬仛60鍊嶇殑宸ヤ綔鍛紵榪欐槸鍥犱負(fù)鎴戠敤浜?jiǎn)涓涓渶鏂扮殑綆楁硶錛岃兘澶熸妸涓涓寚鏁板嚱鏁拌漿鎹㈡垚鍥涗釜榪戜技鐨勮〃錛屽彧瑕佺敤甯告暟鏃墮棿灝卞彲寰楀埌榪戜技鐨勭瓟妗堝湪榪欎釜渚嬪瓙涓紝鏄惁鐢ㄥ綆楁硶鎵嶆槸鑳藉惁璧㈠緱涓栫晫鍐犲啗鐨勫叧閿?
榪樿寰?988騫磋礉灝?dāng)瀹為獙瀹ゅ壇鎬昏浜茶嚜鏉ヨ闂垜鐨勫鏍★紝鐩殑灝辨槸涓轟簡(jiǎn)鎯充簡(jiǎn)瑙d負(fù)浠涔堜粬浠殑璇煶璇嗗埆緋葷粺姣旀垜寮鍙戠殑鎱㈠嚑鍗佸嶏紝鑰屼笖錛屽湪鎵╁ぇ鑷沖ぇ璇嶆眹緋葷粺鍚庯紝閫熷害宸紓鏇存湁鍑犵櫨鍊嶄箣澶氫粬浠櫧鐒朵拱浜?jiǎn)鍑犲彴瓒吘Uц綆楁満錛屽媺寮鴻緋葷粺璺戜簡(jiǎn)璧鋒潵錛屼絾榪欎箞璐電殑璁$畻璧勬簮璁╀粬浠殑浜у搧閮ㄩ棬寰堝弽鎰燂紝鍥犱負(fù)鏄傝吹鐨勬妧鏈槸娌℃湁搴旂敤鍓嶆櫙鐨勫湪涓庝粬浠帰璁ㄧ殑榪囩▼涓紝鎴戞儕璁跺湴鍙戠幇涓涓狾(n*m)鐨勫姩鎬佽鍒掞紙dynamic programming錛夊眳鐒惰浠栦滑鍋氭垚浜?jiǎn)O(n*n*m)鏇存儕璁剁殑鏄紝浠栦滑榪樹(shù)負(fù)姝ゅ彂琛ㄤ簡(jiǎn)涓嶅皯鏂囩珷錛岀敋鑷充負(fù)鑷繁鐨勭畻娉曡搗浜?jiǎn)涓涓緢鐗瑰埆鐨勫悕瀛楋紝騫跺皢綆楁硶鎻愬悕鍒頒竴涓瀛︿細(xì)璁噷錛屽笇鏈涜兘寰楀埌澶у褰撴椂錛岃礉灝?dāng)瀹為獙瀹ょ殑鐮斀I跺憳褰撶劧緇濋《鑱槑錛屼絾浠栦滑鍏ㄩ兘鏄鏁板鐗╃悊鎴栫數(shù)鏈哄嚭韜紝浠庢湭瀛﹁繃璁$畻鏈虹瀛︽垨綆楁硶錛屾墠鐘簡(jiǎn)榪欎箞鍩烘湰鐨勯敊璇垜鎯抽偅浜涗漢浠ュ悗鍐嶄篃涓嶄細(xì)鍢茬瑧瀛﹁綆楁満縐戝鐨勪漢浜?jiǎn)鍚?
緗戠粶鏃朵唬鐨勭畻娉?
鏈変漢涔熻浼?xì)璇村Q氫粖澶╄綆楁満榪欎箞蹇紝綆楁硶榪橀噸瑕佸悧?鍏跺疄姘歌繙涓嶄細(xì)鏈夊お蹇殑璁$畻鏈猴紝鍥犱負(fù)鎴戜滑鎬諱細(xì)鎯沖嚭鏂扮殑搴旂敤铏界劧鍦ㄦ懇灝?dāng)瀹氬緥鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ笅锛岃绠楁満鐨勮绠楄兘鍔涙瘡骞撮兘鍦ㄩ蹇闀垮Q屼環(huán)鏍間篃鍦ㄤ笉鏂笅闄嶅彲鎴戜滑涓嶈蹇樿錛岄渶瑕佸鐞嗙殑淇℃伅閲忔洿鏄憟鎸囨暟綰х殑澧為暱鐜板湪姣忎漢姣忓ぉ閮戒細(xì)鍒涢犲嚭澶ч噺鏁版嵁錛堢収鐗囷紝瑙嗛錛岃闊籌紝鏂囨湰絳夌瓑錛夋棩鐩婂厛榪涚殑璁板綍鍜屽瓨鍌ㄦ墜孌典嬌鎴戜滑姣忎釜浜虹殑淇℃伅閲忛兘鍦ㄧ垎鐐稿紡鐨勫闀夸簰鑱旂綉鐨勪俊鎭祦閲忓拰鏃ュ織瀹歸噺涔熷湪椋炲揩澧為暱鍦ㄧ瀛︾爺絀舵柟闈紝闅忕潃鐮旂┒鎵嬫鐨勮繘姝ワ紝鏁版嵁閲忔洿鏄揪鍒頒簡(jiǎn)鍓嶆墍鏈湁鐨勭▼搴︽棤璁烘槸涓夌淮鍥懼艦嫻烽噺鏁版嵁澶勭悊鏈哄櫒瀛︿範(fàn)璇煶璇嗗埆錛岄兘闇瑕佹瀬澶х殑璁$畻閲忓湪緗戠粶鏃朵唬錛岃秺鏉ヨ秺澶氱殑鎸戞垬闇瑕侀潬鍗撹秺鐨勭畻娉曟潵瑙e喅
鍐嶄婦鍙︿竴涓綉緇滄椂浠g殑渚嬪瓙鍦ㄤ簰鑱旂綉鍜屾墜鏈烘悳绱笂錛屽鏋滆鎵鵑檮榪戠殑鍜栧暋搴楋紝閭d箞鎼滅儲(chǔ)寮曟搸璇ユ庝箞澶勭悊榪欎釜璇鋒眰鍛?
鏈綆鍗曠殑鍔炴硶灝辨槸鎶婃暣涓煄甯?jìng)鐨勫挅鍟¢閮芥墤謬烘?鐒跺悗璁$畻鍑哄畠浠殑鎵鍦ㄤ綅緗笌浣犱箣闂寸殑璺濈,鍐嶈繘琛屾帓搴?鐒跺悗榪斿洖鏈榪戠殑緇撴灉浣嗚濡備綍璁$畻璺濈鍛紵鍥捐閲屾湁涓嶅皯綆楁硶鍙互瑙e喅榪欎釜闂
榪欎箞鍋氫篃璁告槸鏈鐩磋鐨勶紝浣嗙粷瀵逛笉鏄渶榪呴熺殑濡傛灉涓涓煄甯?jìng)鍙湁湄?fù)鏁頒笉澶氱殑鍜栧暋棣?閭h繖涔堝仛搴旇娌′粈涔堥棶棰?鍙嶆璁$畻閲忎笉澶т絾濡傛灉涓涓煄甯?jìng)閲屾湁寰堝鍜栧暋棣?鍙堟湁寰堝鐢ㄦ埛閮介渶瑕佺被浼肩殑鎼滅儲(chǔ),閭d箞鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ墍鎵垮彈鐨勫帇鍔涘氨澶у浜?jiǎn)鍦q欑鎯呭喌涓?鎴戜滑璇ユ庢牱浼樺寲綆楁硶鍛?
棣栧厛錛屾垜浠彲浠ユ妸鏁翠釜鍩庡競(jìng)鐨勫挅鍟¢鍋氫竴嬈¢澶勭悊姣斿錛屾妸涓涓煄甯?jìng)鍒嗘垚鑻ヲq蹭釜鏍煎瓙(grid),鐒跺悗鏍規(guī)嵁鐢ㄦ埛鎵鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆鎶婁粬鏀懼埌鏌愪竴涓牸瀛愰噷錛屽彧瀵規(guī)牸瀛愰噷鐨勫挅鍟¢榪涜璺濈鎺掑簭
闂鍙堟潵浜?jiǎn)锛屽鏋滄牸瀛愬ぇ灏忎竴鏍鳳紝閭d箞緇濆ぇ澶氭暟緇撴灉閮藉彲鑳藉嚭鐜板湪甯?jìng)涓績(jī)鐨勪竴涓牸瀛愰噷錛岃岄儕鍖虹殑鏍煎瓙閲屽彧鏈夋瀬灝戠殑緇撴灉鍦ㄨ繖縐嶆儏鍐典笅錛屾垜浠簲璇ユ妸甯?jìng)涓績(jī)澶氬垎鍑哄嚑涓牸瀛愭洿杩涗竴姝ワ紝鏍煎瓙搴旇鏄竴涓爲(wèi)緇撴瀯錛屾渶欏跺眰鏄竴涓ぇ鏍兼暣涓煄甯?jìng)锛岀劧鍚庨愬眰涓嬮檷錛屾牸瀛愯秺鏉ヨ秺灝忥紝榪欐牱鏈夊埄浜庣敤鎴瘋繘琛岀簿紜悳绱㈠鏋滃湪鏈搴曞眰鐨勬牸瀛愰噷鎼滅儲(chǔ)緇撴灉涓嶅錛岀敤鎴峰彲浠ラ愮駭涓婂崌錛屾斁澶ф悳绱㈣寖鍥?
涓婅堪綆楁硶瀵瑰挅鍟¢鐨勪緥瀛愬緢瀹炵敤錛屼絾鏄畠鍏鋒湁閫氱敤鎬у悧錛熺瓟妗堟槸鍚﹀畾鐨勬妸鍜栧暋棣嗘娊璞′竴涓嬶紝瀹冩槸涓涓偣錛屽鏋滆鎼滅儲(chǔ)涓涓潰璇ユ庝箞鍔炲憿錛熸瘮濡傦紝鐢ㄦ埛鎯沖幓涓涓按搴撶帺錛岃屼竴涓按搴撴湁濂藉嚑涓叆鍙o紝閭d箞鍝竴涓鐢ㄦ埛鏈榪戝憿錛熻繖涓椂鍊欙紝涓婅堪鏍?wèi)缁撴瀯灏辫鏀规垚r-tree,鍥犱負(fù)鏍?wèi)涓棿鐨勬瘡涓涓妭鐐歸兘鏄竴涓寖鍥達(dá)紝涓涓湁杈圭晫鐨勮寖鍥達(dá)紙鍙傝冿細(xì)http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hjs/rtrees/index.html錛?
閫氳繃榪欎釜灝忎緥瀛愶紝鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌錛屽簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑瑕佹眰鍗冨彉?shù)竾鍖栧Q屽緢澶氭椂鍊欓渶瑕佹妸涓涓鏉傜殑闂鍒嗚В鎴愯嫢騫茬畝鍗曠殑灝忛棶棰橈紝鐒跺悗鍐嶉夌敤鍚堥傜殑綆楁硶鍜屾暟鎹粨鏋?
騫惰綆楁硶錛欸oogle鐨勬牳蹇?jī)浼樺?
涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愬湪Google閲屽氨瑕佺畻鏄皬case浜?jiǎn)锛佹瘡澶〨oogle鐨勭綉绔欒澶勭悊鍗佷嚎涓互涓婄殑鎼滅儲(chǔ)錛孏Mail瑕佸偍瀛樺嚑鍗冧竾鐢ㄦ埛鐨?G閭錛孏oogle Earth瑕佽鏁板崄涓囩敤鎴峰悓鏃跺湪鏁翠釜鍦扮悆涓婇仺娓革紝騫跺皢鍚堥傜殑鍥劇墖緇忚繃浜掕仈緗戞彁浜ょ粰姣忎釜鐢ㄦ埛濡傛灉娌℃湁濂界殑綆楁硶錛岃繖浜涘簲鐢ㄩ兘鏃犳硶鎴愪負(fù)鐜板疄
鍦ㄨ繖浜涚殑搴旂敤涓紝鍝曟槸鏈鍩烘湰鐨勯棶棰橀兘浼?xì)缁欎紶缁熺殑璁〗帡甯︽潵寰堝ぇ鐨勬寫鎴樹(shù)緥濡傚Q屾瘡澶╅兘鏈夊崄浜夸互涓婄殑鐢ㄦ埛璁塊棶Google鐨勭綉绔欙紝浣跨敤Google鐨勬湇鍔★紝涔熶駭鐢熷緢澶氬緢澶氱殑鏃ュ織錛圠og錛夊洜涓篖og姣忓垎姣忕閮藉湪椋為熷鍔狅紝鎴戜滑蹇呴』鏈夎仾鏄庣殑鍔炴硶鏉ヨ繘琛屽鐞嗘垜鏇劇粡鍦ㄩ潰璇曚腑闂繃鍏充簬濡備綍瀵筶og榪涜涓浜涘垎鏋愬鐞嗙殑闂錛屾湁寰堝闈㈣瘯鑰呯殑鍥炵瓟铏界劧鍦ㄩ昏緫涓婃紜紝浣嗗湪瀹為檯搴旂敤涓槸鍑犱箮涓嶅彲琛岀殑鎸夌収浠栦滑鐨勭畻娉曪紝鍗充究鐢ㄤ笂鍑犱竾鍙版満鍣紝鎴戜滑鐨勫鐞嗛熷害閮借窡涓嶄笂鏁版嵁浜х敓鐨勯熷害
閭d箞Google鏄浣曡В鍐寵繖浜涢棶棰樼殑鍛紵
棣栧厛錛屽湪緗戠粶鏃朵唬錛屽氨綆楁湁鏈濂界殑綆楁硶錛屼篃瑕佽兘鍦ㄥ茍琛岃綆楃殑鐜涓嬫墽琛屽湪Google鐨勬暟鎹腑蹇?jī)锛屾垜浠娇鐢ㄧ殑鏄憛澶х殑迤堣璁〗帡鏈轰絾浼牼l熺殑騫惰綆楁硶榪愯鏃訛紝鏁堢巼浼?xì)鍦ㄥ鍔犳満鍣ㄦ暟閲忓悗杩呴熼檷浣庯紝涔熷氨鏄錛屽崄鍙版満鍣ㄥ鏋滄湁浜斿嶇殑鏁堟灉錛屽鍔犲埌涓鍗冨彴鏃朵篃璁稿氨鍙湁鍑犲崄鍊嶇殑鏁堟灉榪欑浜嬪嶅姛鍗婄殑浠d環(huán)鏄病鏈夊摢瀹跺叕鍙稿彲浠ヨ礋鎷呭緱璧風(fēng)殑鑰屼笖錛屽湪璁稿騫惰綆楁硶涓紝鍙涓涓粨鐐圭姱閿欒錛屾墍鏈夎綆楅兘浼?xì)鍓嶅姛灏藉?
閭d箞Google鏄浣曞紑鍙戝嚭鏃㈡湁鏁堢巼鍙堣兘瀹歸敊鐨勫茍琛岃綆楃殑鍛紵
Google鏈璧勬繁鐨勮綆楁満縐戝瀹禞eff Dean璁よ瘑鍒幫紝 Google 鎵闇鐨勭粷澶ч儴鍒嗘暟鎹鐞嗛兘鍙互褰掔粨涓轟竴涓畝鍗曠殑騫惰綆楁硶錛歁ap and Reduce錛?a >http://labs.google.com/papers/mapreduce.html錛?榪欎釜綆楁硶鑳藉鍦ㄥ緢澶氱璁$畻涓揪鍒扮浉褰撻珮鐨勬晥鐜囷紝鑰屼笖鏄彲鎵╁睍鐨勶紙涔熷氨鏄錛屼竴鍗冨彴鏈哄櫒灝辯畻涓嶈兘杈懼埌涓鍗冨嶇殑鏁堟灉錛岃嚦灝戜篃鍙互杈懼埌鍑犵櫨鍊嶇殑鏁堟灉錛塎ap and Reduce鐨勫彟澶栦竴澶х壒鑹叉槸瀹冨彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄥぇ鎵瑰粔浠風(fēng)殑鏈哄櫒緇勬垚鍔熻兘寮哄ぇ鐨剆erver farm鏈鍚庯紝瀹冪殑瀹歸敊鎬ц兘寮傚父鍑?guó)檳插Q屽氨綆椾竴涓猻erver farm閲岄潰鐨勬満鍣╠own鎺変竴鍗婏紝鏁翠釜farm渚濈劧鑳藉榪愯姝f槸鍥犱負(fù)榪欎釜澶╂墠鐨勮璇?鎵嶆湁浜?jiǎn)Map and Reduce綆楁硶鍊熷姪璇ョ畻娉曪紝Google鍑犱箮鑳芥棤闄愬湴澧炲姞璁$畻閲忥紝涓庢棩鏂版湀寮傜殑浜掕仈緗戝簲鐢ㄤ竴鍚屾垚闀?
綆楁硶騫朵笉灞闄愪簬璁$畻鏈哄拰緗戠粶
涓句竴涓綆楁満棰嗗煙澶栫殑渚嬪瓙錛氬湪楂樿兘鐗╃悊鐮旂┒鏂歸潰錛屽緢澶氬疄楠屾瘡縐掗挓閮戒駭鐢熷嚑涓猅B鐨勬暟鎹噺浣嗗洜涓哄鐞嗚兘鍔涘拰瀛樺偍鑳藉姏鐨勪笉瓚籌紝縐戝瀹朵笉寰椾笉鎶婄粷澶ч儴鍒嗘湭緇忓鐞嗙殑鏁版嵁涓㈠純鎺夊彲澶у瑕佺煡閬擄紝鏂板厓绱犵殑淇℃伅寰堟湁鍙兘灝辮棌鍦ㄦ垜浠潵涓嶅強(qiáng)澶勭悊鐨勬暟鎹噷闈㈠悓鏍風(fēng)殑錛屽湪鍏朵粬浠諱綍棰嗗煙閲岋紝綆楁硶閮藉彲浠ユ敼鍙樹(shù)漢綾葷殑鐢熸椿渚嬪浜虹被鍩哄洜鐨勭爺絀訛紝灝卞彲鑳藉洜涓虹畻娉曡屽彂鏄庢柊鐨勫尰鐤楁柟寮忓湪鍥藉瀹夊叏棰嗗煙錛屾湁鏁堢殑綆楁硶鍙兘閬垮厤涓嬩竴涓?11鐨勫彂鐢熷湪姘旇薄鏂歸潰錛岀畻娉曞彲浠ユ洿濂藉湴棰勬祴鏈潵澶╃伨鐨勫彂鐢燂紝浠ユ嫰鏁戠敓鍛?
鎵浠ワ紝濡傛灉浣犳妸璁$畻鏈虹殑鍙戝睍鏀懼埌搴旂敤鍜屾暟鎹閫熷闀跨殑澶х幆澧冧笅錛屼綘涓瀹氫細(xì)鍙戠幇錛岀畻娉曠殑閲嶈鎬т笉鏄湪鏃ョ泭鍑忓皬錛岃屾槸鍦ㄦ棩鐩婂姞寮?
緇欑▼搴忓憳鐨勪竷涓緩璁?
錛?錛夌粌鍐呭姛涓嶈鍙姳鍔熷か瀛︿範(fàn)鍚勭嫻佽鐨勭紪紼嬭璦鍜屽伐鍏鳳紝浠ュ強(qiáng)鏌愪簺鍏徃鎷涜仒騫垮憡涓婅姹傜殑縐戠洰瑕佹妸鏁版嵁緇撴瀯綆楁硶鏁版嵁搴撴搷浣滅郴緇熷師鐞嗚綆楁満浣撶郴緇撴瀯璁$畻鏈虹綉緇滐紝紱繪暎鏁板絳夊熀紜璇劇▼瀛﹀ソ澶у涓嶅Θ璇曡瘯楂樺痙綰蟲墍钁桾he Art of Computer Programming閲岀殑棰樼洰錛屽鏋滀綘鑳藉瑙e喅鍏朵腑鐨勫ぇ閮ㄥ垎棰樼洰錛屽氨璇存槑浣犲湪綆楁硶鏂歸潰鏈変竴瀹氱殑鍔熷姏浜?
錛?錛夊瀹炴垬閫氳繃緙栫▼鐨勫疄鎴樼Н绱粡楠屽琺鍥虹煡璇嗗緢澶氫腑鍥藉ぇ瀛︽瘯涓氱敓緙轟箯緙栫▼鍜岃皟璇曠粡楠岋紱瀛︿範(fàn)C璇█錛岃冭瘯榪囧叧灝辯畻瀛︿細(xì)浜?jiǎn)锛涜N欏圭洰涓紝鍙紼嬪簭鑳藉緙栬瘧錛岃繍琛岋紝騫朵笖杈撳叆杈撳嚭婊¤凍瑕佹眰灝辯畻浜?jiǎn)浜嫎q欎簺鍋氭硶鏄笉琛岀殑鍐欑▼搴忕殑鏃跺欙紝澶у蹇呴』澶氭兂鎯沖浣曟妸紼嬪簭鍐欏緱鏇村姞綺劇偧楂樻晥楂樿川閲忓緩璁ぇ瀹朵簤鍙栧湪澶у鍥涘勾涓Н绱紪鍐欏崄涓囪浠g爜鐨勭粡楠屾垜浠繀欏繪槑鐧界殑鏄細(xì)濂界▼搴忓憳鏄啓鍑烘潵鐨勶紝涓嶆槸瀛﹀嚭鏉ョ殑
錛?錛夋眰瀹炲共涓嶈杞昏浠諱綍瀹為檯宸ヤ綔錛屾瘮濡備竴浜涚湅浼肩畝鍗曠殑緙栫爜鎴栨祴璇曡涓嶆噲榪芥眰瀵圭粏鑺備竴涓濅笉鑻熺殑瀹炲共浣滈涓庢暚涓氱簿紲炴垜鍙戠幇涓嶅皯紼嬪簭鍛樺浜庣煡璇嗙殑鎺屾彙寰堣偆嫻咃紝涓嶆眰鐢氳В錛屾病鏈夊ソ濂囧績(jī)錛屼笉浼?xì)鍒ㄦ牃w棶搴曟瘮濡傦紝瀛︿細(xì)浜?jiǎn)C++錛屾槸鍚︿簡(jiǎn)瑙d竴涓璞″湪緙栬瘧鍚庯紝鍦ㄦ眹緙栦唬鐮佷腑鏄浣曡鍒濆鍖栫殑錛熻繖涓璞$殑鍚勪釜鎴愬憳鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹(shù)腑鏄浣曞瓨鏀劇殑錛熷綋涓涓垚鍛樺嚱鏁拌璋冪敤鏃訛紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ湪姹囩紪浠g爜涓姞鍏ヤ簡(jiǎn)鍝簺棰濆鐨勫姩浣滐紵铏氬嚱鏁扮殑璋冪敤鏄浣曞疄鐜扮殑? 榪欎簺涓滆タ鎭愭曞湪緙栫▼璇█鎴栫紪璇戝師鐞嗕腑閮芥病鏈夎緇嗘彁鍒幫紝鍙湁閫氳繃韙忓疄鐨勫疄騫叉墠鑳界湡姝f帉鎻?
錛?錛夐噸瑙嗘暟瀛﹀涔?fàn)鏁板鏄濈淮鐨勪綋鎿嶏紝鏁板鏃犲涓嶅湪瀛﹁綆楁満鑷沖皯瑕佸涔?fàn)绂绘暎鏁板姒傜巼璁哄竷灏斾唬鏁伴泦鍚堣鍜屾暟鐞嗛昏緫榪欎簺鐭ヨ瘑騫朵笉闅撅紝浣嗘槸瀵逛綘鏈潵鐨勫伐浣滃府鍔╀細(xì)寰堝ぇ 灝ゅ叾褰撲綘瀵逛竴浜涙暟瀛﹀瘑闆嗗瀷鐨勯鍩熷瑙嗛鍥懼儚澶勭悊絳夋湁鍏磋叮鏃訛紝榪欎簺鐭ヨ瘑灝嗘垚涓轟綘鎵嬩腑鐨勫埄鍣?
錛?錛夊煿鍏誨洟闃熺簿紲烇紝瀛︿細(xì)涓庝漢鍚堜綔浠婂ぉ鐨勮蔣浠跺伐紼嬫棭宸茬粡涓嶆槸涓涓漢鍙互鍗曠嫭鎿嶄綔鐨勶紝鑰屽繀欏婚潬鍥㈤槦鍚堜綔鎵嶈兘鎴愬姛涓嶆噦寰楀悎浣滅殑浜烘槸涓嶈兘鎴愬ぇ鍣ㄧ殑澶у瑕佸鍘誨鎵懼彲浠ヤ笌浜轟竴璧峰仛欏圭洰鐨勬満浼?
錛?錛夋縺鍔卞垱鏂版剰璇嗭紝鍩瑰吇濂藉蹇?jī)锛屼笉瑕佹璁凹嫭鑳屾病鏈夋帉鎻℃煇绉嵔帡娉曟妧鏈殑鏍規(guī)湰鍘熺悊錛屽氨涓嶄細(xì)鏈夊簲鍙樺拰鍒涙柊鐨勮兘鍔涙兂鎴愪負(fù)涓浣嶅ソ紼嬪簭鍛橈紙鍏跺疄浠庝簨浠諱綍涓涓涓氶兘鏄姝わ級(jí)錛岄噸瑕佺殑鏄鍏繪垚閽葷爺錛屽ソ濂囷紝鍒涙柊錛屽姩鎵嬶紝鍚堜綔鐨勪紭縐涔?fàn)鎯Q屼笉婊¤凍浜庡~楦紝涓嶆弧瓚充簬鑰冭瘯浜ゅ樊錛屼笉婊¤凍浜庤〃璞¤繖涓嶆槸瀛﹀嚑闂ㄨ鑳藉涓韞磋屽氨鐨?
錛?錛夋湁絳栫暐鍦版墦宸ュ湪涓嶅獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅涓氱殑鍓嶆彁涓嬶紝瀵繪壘鐪熸鏈夋剰涔夌殑鏆戞湡宸ヤ綔鎴栧吋鑱屽幓鎵句竴涓噸瑙嗘妧鏈殑鍏徃錛屽湪涓涓ソ鐨勮佹澘鎸囧涓嬪畬鎴愮湡姝d細(xì)琚敤鎴蜂嬌鐢ㄧ殑紼嬪簭涓嶈鎬ヤ簬鍘諱竴涓浣犲仛澶磋岀嫭鎸′竴闈㈢殑鍦版柟錛屽洜涓哄悜鍒漢瀛︿範(fàn)鎵嶆槸浣犵殑鐩殑鎵懼伐浣滀篃鏄竴鏍鳳紝涓嶈鍙湅寰呴亣鍜岃亴琛旓紝瑕佹寫涓涓綘鑳藉瀛︿範(fàn)鐨勭幆澧冿紝涓涓効鎰忓煿鍏誨憳宸ョ殑浼佷笟錛屼竴涓噸瑙嗕綘鐨勪笓涓氱殑鍏徃鏈鍚庯紝榪樿鎸戜竴涓ソ鑰佹澘
甯屾湜澶у閮借兘鎶婃彙鏈轟細(xì)錛屽吇鎴愬ソ鐨勫涔?fàn)涔?fàn)鎯紝鎶婄畻娉曞綺懼閫忥紱甯屾湜澶у閮借兘鏈変竴涓編濂界殑鏈潵錛?
璇ュ洖澶嶄簬2008-05-14 08:25:19琚鐞嗗憳鍒犻櫎 The Art of Computer Programming Vol.1 (涓枃璇戜綔璁$畻鏈虹紪紼嬬殑鑹烘湳璁$畻鏈虹▼搴忚璁℃妧宸?--Basic Algorithms(鍩虹綆楁硶)
榪欓儴涔﹁瑾変負(fù)20涓栫邯鏈閲嶈鐨?0閮ㄨ憲浣滀箣涓錛屼笌Einstein鐨勭浉瀵硅騫跺垪錛屼嬌璁$畻鏈虹瀛﹂鍩熺殑鏉冨▉钁椾綔鍏ㄤ功鍏卞垎5鍗鳳紝鐩墠宸茬粡鍑虹増浜?鍗鳳紝榪欐槸瀹冪殑絎竴鍗峰熀紜綆楁硶錛屽寘鍚簡(jiǎn)鎴戜滑甯哥敤鐨勭畻娉曞強(qiáng)鍏剁浉鍏蟲暟鎹粨鏋勪綔鑰呴珮寰風(fēng)撼(Donald E. Knuth)鏄編鍥絊tanford澶у璁$畻鏈虹瀛︾郴鐨勯浼戞暀鎺堬紝鍦ㄨ綆楁満縐戝棰嗗煙浜湁宕囬珮鐨勫▉鏈?nbsp;
鏈枃鏉ヨ嚜CSDN鍗氬錛岃漿杞借鏍囨槑鍑哄錛?a >http://blog.csdn.net/zdl1016/archive/2009/09/27/4602750.aspx
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) 

{
int n, nSum=1;// nSum 淇濆瓨鎬誨拰
scanf("%d", &n);// 杈撳叆瑕佸垎瑙g殑n
for(int n1=1, n2=n1; n1<=n/2; )// n1涓烘渶寮澶寸殑鏁幫紝n2鏄渶鏈熬 
{
if(nSum<n) //鎬誨拰鍋忓皬 
{
n2++; //鏈熬鍔犳暟
nSum+=n2;
}
else if(nSum>n) //鎬誨拰鍋忓ぇ 
{
nSum -= n1; //寮澶村垹鏁?nbsp;
n1++;
}
else //if(nSum==n) //鐩哥瓑灝辮緭鍑虹粨鏋?nbsp; 
{
for(int t=n1; t<=n2; t++) 
{
printf("%d,", t);
}
printf("\n");
n2++; //鏈熬鍔犳暟錛屽鏋滀笉鍔犲氨浼?xì)姝诲惊鐜?nbsp;
nSum+=n2; //榪欐瑕佸皬蹇?nbsp;
}
}
return 0;
} 
闂錛氳繕鏈夋洿蹇殑鍔炴硶鍚楋紵璇蜂粩緇嗚瀵熺涓孌典唬鐮侊紝鐪嬪緱鍑哄摢涓壒鐐瑰彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄤ笉錛?br>
鍏抽敭灝卞湪閭d釜閫氶」鍏紡錛?n1+n2)*(n2-n1+1) == n*2
榪欓噷濡傛灉鍏堟妸n涔樹(shù)互2錛岀劧鍚庣殑闂鍙笉鍙互鐪嬫垚鏄洜瀛愬垎瑙o紵絳旀寰堟槑鏄俱?br>鍋囧鍒嗚В鍑虹殑緇撴灉鏄痭*2 = a*b 錛?br>閭e氨瑙f柟紼嬬粍 n1+n2=a, n2-n1+1=b
鍗硁1=(a-b+1)/2, n2=(a+b-1)/2
濡傛灉瑙e嚭鐨勭粨鏋渘1鍜宯2鏄暣鏁扮殑璇濓紙鍗寵浣縜鍜宐涓濂囦竴鍋訛級(jí)錛屾樉鐒跺氨寰楀埌涓緇勮В浜?br>鑰屽洜瀛愬垎瑙g殑澶嶆潅搴︽槸O(sqrt(n))錛屾樉紺轟細(xì)姣斾箣鍓嶇浜屾浠g爜瑕佽妭鐪侀潪甯稿鐨勬椂闂淬?br>
void memcpy(void* pvTo, void* pvFrom, size_t size)

{
void* pbTo = (byte*)pvTo;
void* pbFrom = (byte*)pvFrom;
ASSERT(pvTo != NULL && pvFrom != NULL);
ASSERT(pbTo>=pbFrom+size || pbFrom>=pbTo+size);
while(size-->0)
*pbTo++ == *pbFrom++;
return(pvTo);
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

typedef struct LNode
{
int data;
struct LNode* next;
}Linklist;

void disList(Linklist* L)
{
Linklist* p=L->next;
while(p!=NULL)
{
cout<<p->data<<" ";
p=p->next;
}
cout<<endl;
}

void creatList(Linklist *&L,int* a,int n)
{
Linklist* s;
int i;
L=(Linklist*)malloc(sizeof(Linklist));
L->next=NULL;
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s=(Linklist*)malloc(sizeof(Linklist));
s->data=a[i];
s->next=L->next;
L->next=s;
}
}


void sort_list(Linklist *&head)
{
Linklist *p=head->next,*q,*r;
if (p!=NULL)
{
r=p->next;
p->next=NULL;
p=r;
while(p!=NULL)
{
r=p->next;
q=head;
while(q->next!=NULL && q->next->data<p->data)
q=q->next;
p->next=q->next;
q->next=p;
p=r;
}
}
}

int main()
{
Linklist* L;
L=(Linklist*)malloc(sizeof(Linklist));
int a[8]=
{3,34,5,4,32,39,1,0};
creatList(L,a,8);
sort_list(L);
disList(L);
}
template<typename T>
void sort_shell(T* a)
{
int d;
int i;
int j;
T temp;
d=N/2;
while(d>0)
{
for (i=0;i<N-d;i++)
{
j=i+d;
temp=a[j];
while((j-d)>=0 && temp<a[j-d])
{
a[j]=a[j-d];
j-=d;
}
a[j]=temp;
}
d=d/2;
}
}