//Filename: SockClass.hpp
#ifndef SOCK_CLASS_HPP
#define SOCK_CLASS_HPP
#include <unistd.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
namespace sockClass
{
void error_info(const char* s);
}
以上是头文g中的声明Q下面是函数Q我们这里仅仅演C处理了104错误?br>
#ifndef SOCK_CLASS_HPP
#define SOCK_CLASS_HPP
#include <unistd.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
namespace sockClass
{
void error_info(const char* s);
}
namespace sockClass
{
void error_info(const char* s)
{
int err_info = errno;
std::cerr << strerror(err_info) << ": errno: " << err_info << std::endl;
if (err_info == 104){
return;
}
exit(1);
}
}
在windows中，错误代码由WSAGetLastError()获得Q而无需讄errno?br>
{
void error_info(const char* s)
{
int err_info = errno;
std::cerr << strerror(err_info) << ": errno: " << err_info << std::endl;
if (err_info == 104){
return;
}
exit(1);
}
}
//Filename: SockClass.hpp
#ifndef SOCK_CLASS_HPP
#define SOCK_CLASS_HPP
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
namespace sockClass
{
void error_info(const char* s);
}
WinSock的错误代码跟Linux中的不一P同样的异常，WinSock的错误代码是10054?br>q且Q由于没有errno也就无从调用strerror()Q我们最好自己写l的异常信息?br>WinSock的详l代码信息在q里Q?br>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms740668(v=VS.85).aspx#ifndef SOCK_CLASS_HPP
#define SOCK_CLASS_HPP
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
namespace sockClass
{
void error_info(const char* s);
}
win32下的演示代码如下Q?br>
namespace sockClass
{
void error_info(const char* s)
{
int winsock_err = WSAGetLastError();
perror(s);
std::cerr << "WinSock Error: " << winsock_err << std::endl;
if (winsock_err == WSAECONNRESET) {
std::cerr << "Connection reset by peer." << std::endl;
return;
}
exit(1);
}
}
{
void error_info(const char* s)
{
int winsock_err = WSAGetLastError();
perror(s);
std::cerr << "WinSock Error: " << winsock_err << std::endl;
if (winsock_err == WSAECONNRESET) {
std::cerr << "Connection reset by peer." << std::endl;
return;
}
exit(1);
}
}
]]>
#include <iostream>
#include "windows.h"
class TestClass1{
private:
int x;
public:
explicit TestClass1(int to_x):x(to_x)
{}
~TestClass1()
{
std::cerr << "destruction: 1." << std::endl;
}
void show() const
{
std::cerr << x << std::endl;
}
};
class TestClass2{
private:
int* pX;
public:
explicit TestClass2(int to_x)
{
pX = new int;
*pX = to_x;
}
~TestClass2()
{
delete pX;
std::cerr << "destruction: 2." << std::endl;
}
const int& value() const
{
return *pX;
}
};
DWORD WINAPI thread_func(LPVOID pN)
{
Sleep(200);
TestClass1 test((*((TestClass2*)pN)).value());
test.show();
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
TestClass2 n(5);
thread_func((LPVOID)&n);
std::cerr << "loop: " << i+1 << std::endl;
}
Sleep(2000);
std::cout << "main() ok." << std::endl;
return 0;
}
q是标准的C++模式Q对象的生命周期是可以预见的Q?br>
#include "windows.h"
class TestClass1{
private:
int x;
public:
explicit TestClass1(int to_x):x(to_x)
{}
~TestClass1()
{
std::cerr << "destruction: 1." << std::endl;
}
void show() const
{
std::cerr << x << std::endl;
}
};
class TestClass2{
private:
int* pX;
public:
explicit TestClass2(int to_x)
{
pX = new int;
*pX = to_x;
}
~TestClass2()
{
delete pX;
std::cerr << "destruction: 2." << std::endl;
}
const int& value() const
{
return *pX;
}
};
DWORD WINAPI thread_func(LPVOID pN)
{
Sleep(200);
TestClass1 test((*((TestClass2*)pN)).value());
test.show();
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
TestClass2 n(5);
thread_func((LPVOID)&n);
std::cerr << "loop: " << i+1 << std::endl;
}
Sleep(2000);
std::cout << "main() ok." << std::endl;
return 0;
}
5
destruction: 1.
loop: 1
destruction: 2.
5
destruction: 1.
loop: 2
destruction: 2.
5
destruction: 1.
loop: 3
destruction: 2.
main() ok.
hL键l? . .
如果我们ҎU程调用Q?br>
destruction: 1.
loop: 1
destruction: 2.
5
destruction: 1.
loop: 2
destruction: 2.
5
destruction: 1.
loop: 3
destruction: 2.
main() ok.
hL键l? . .
#include <iostream>
#include "windows.h"
class TestClass1{
private:
int x;
public:
explicit TestClass1(int to_x):x(to_x)
{}
~TestClass1()
{
std::cerr << "destruction: 1." << std::endl;
}
void show() const
{
std::cerr << x << std::endl;
}
};
class TestClass2{
private:
int* pX;
public:
explicit TestClass2(int to_x)
{
pX = new int;
*pX = to_x;
}
~TestClass2()
{
delete pX;
std::cerr << "destruction: 2." << std::endl;
}
const int& value() const
{
return *pX;
}
};
DWORD WINAPI thread_func(LPVOID pN)
{
Sleep(200);
TestClass1 test((*((TestClass2*)pN)).value());
test.show();
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
TestClass2 n(5);
HANDLE hThrd;
DWORD thrdId;
hThrd = CreateThread( NULL,
0,
thread_func,
(LPVOID)&n,
0,
&thrdId);
std::cerr << "loop: " << i+1 << std::endl;
}
Sleep(2000);
std::cout << "main() ok." << std::endl;
return 0;
}
可以看到函数q回了错误的|至于Z么每ơ都?6我还不清楚，但是臛_不是正确的数?Q，q是因ؓ在线E调用TestClass2的对象之前已l被析构的缘故?br>
#include "windows.h"
class TestClass1{
private:
int x;
public:
explicit TestClass1(int to_x):x(to_x)
{}
~TestClass1()
{
std::cerr << "destruction: 1." << std::endl;
}
void show() const
{
std::cerr << x << std::endl;
}
};
class TestClass2{
private:
int* pX;
public:
explicit TestClass2(int to_x)
{
pX = new int;
*pX = to_x;
}
~TestClass2()
{
delete pX;
std::cerr << "destruction: 2." << std::endl;
}
const int& value() const
{
return *pX;
}
};
DWORD WINAPI thread_func(LPVOID pN)
{
Sleep(200);
TestClass1 test((*((TestClass2*)pN)).value());
test.show();
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
TestClass2 n(5);
HANDLE hThrd;
DWORD thrdId;
hThrd = CreateThread( NULL,
0,
thread_func,
(LPVOID)&n,
0,
&thrdId);
std::cerr << "loop: " << i+1 << std::endl;
}
Sleep(2000);
std::cout << "main() ok." << std::endl;
return 0;
}
loop: 1
destruction: 2.
loop: 2
destruction: 2.
loop: 3
destruction: 2.
36
destruction: 1.
36
destruction: 1.
36
destruction: 1.
main() ok.
hL键l? . .
所以，如果我们设想构造一个类Q这个类的对象可以调用包含this的线E，那么q个对象一定不能是局部变量，或者说Q我们必d循环的{}对之前先把这些对象构造出来。这与我们的需求不W合——我们ƈ不知道需要多对象以及如何构造（比如构造TCP的通讯socket需要accept()接受客户端的信息Q，在这U情况下Q我们只能在U程中去构造对象，q样的对象生命周期跟U程函数一栗?br>或者说Q如果我们希望用cL装U程Q那么这些可以调用线E的对象必须是全局的。相兛_容请参考本人前面的教程“初试多线E?#8221;{?
destruction: 2.
loop: 2
destruction: 2.
loop: 3
destruction: 2.
36
destruction: 1.
36
destruction: 1.
36
destruction: 1.
main() ok.
hL键l? . .
]]>
我们着手构qW一个winsockE序?br>首先win32下与Linux下的socket API需要包含不同的头文件?br>在Linux下是q些Q?br>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
win32下的winsock有多个版本，我所扑ֈ的资料中Q老的版本是：#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <winsock.h>
与之对应的需要的链接库ؓQ?br>
q可能可以兼定w常古老的版本中的winsockQ比如win98Q而微软官Ҏ推荐的是Q?br>
#include <winsock2.h>
链接库是Qws2_32.libQ这样就可以使用高版本的winsock?br>那么Q什么是winsock的版本？q就涉及到winsock的初始化函数WSAStartupQ?br>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms742213(v=VS.85).aspx上面是微软的官方说明Q我q里构徏一个简单的c，希望每次使用的时候引入一个类对象可以了?br>
class WinsockAPI{
private:
WSADATA wsaData;
public:
WinsockAPI(int low_byte = 2, int high_byte = 2);
~WinsockAPI();
void showVersion() const;
};
WSADATA是记录着winsock信息的结构?br>
private:
WSADATA wsaData;
public:
WinsockAPI(int low_byte = 2, int high_byte = 2);
~WinsockAPI();
void showVersion() const;
};
//class WinsockAPI
WinsockAPI::WinsockAPI(int low_byte, int high_byte)
{
const WORD wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(low_byte, high_byte);
int wsa_startup_err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
if (wsa_startup_err != 0) {
std::cerr << "WSAStartup() failed." << std::endl;
throw wsa_startup_err;
}
}
WinsockAPI::~WinsockAPI()
{
WSACleanup();
}
void WinsockAPI::showVersion() const
{
std::cout << "The version of Winsock.dll is "
<< int(LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion))
<< "."
<< int(HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion))
<< "."
<< std::endl;
return;
}
首先Q宏MAKEWORD()两个int转换为winsock形式的版本号Q我q里默认是是2.2Q就只需要MAKEWORD(2, 2)Q如果是老版本的Q最低应该是1.0。WSAStartup()winsock的初始化信息写入一个WSADATAl构Q我们这里的wsaDataQ，如果成功q回0Q失败将q回一个int的错误代码。这个错误代码直接表CZ错误信息Q微软官方徏议不使用winsock的通用异常信息获取函数WSAGetLastError()获取WSAStartup()的错误信息，q可能是因ؓ如果WSAStartup()p|Q那么winsock的错误信息不一定能够正的构徏出来的缘故?br>最后，winsockl束后用WSACleanup()清理?br>因ؓsocket本n的复杂性，异常信息提示非常重要。WSAGetLastError()的官方说明如下：WinsockAPI::WinsockAPI(int low_byte, int high_byte)
{
const WORD wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(low_byte, high_byte);
int wsa_startup_err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
if (wsa_startup_err != 0) {
std::cerr << "WSAStartup() failed." << std::endl;
throw wsa_startup_err;
}
}
WinsockAPI::~WinsockAPI()
{
WSACleanup();
}
void WinsockAPI::showVersion() const
{
std::cout << "The version of Winsock.dll is "
<< int(LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion))
<< "."
<< int(HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion))
<< "."
<< std::endl;
return;
}
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms741580(VS.85).aspx
错误代码所反馈的信息查询在q里Q?br>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms740668(v=VS.85).aspx
最后，需要注意的问题是，因ؓsocket是构建在UNIXpȝ下的QBSD socket是当今所有socket的基Q，所以socket很好的利用了UNIX体系“一切都是文?#8221;的性质Q每个socket本n也就是一个UNIX文g描述W，因此QLinux下的socket是用关闭文g的函数close()关闭的。但是win32下没q个性质Q所以winsock是另外一U抽象，但是好在同样用int作ؓ描述W，关闭需要专门ؓwinsock定做的函数closesocket()?br>下篇文章重写了TCP Server的代码（cȝ抽象和构造也重新写了Q将在下一章解释）Q作为winsock使用的演C?
]]>
我用VC6导入一个ico文gQƈ得到了它的资源文件Script1.rc。嘿嘿，C风格的，那就不客气的分析了。原来要用到VC6?个头文gQresource.hQafxres.h和WINRES.H。我把rc文g?个头文gQ以及ico图标文g都导入VC 2008 Express的项目中Q居然就无情的成功了Q看来Express仍然不愧是VS的阉割版Q其实就是少了点材料Q基本能力还是在的。^^
最后我q脆?个h文g合ƈ到rc文g中了Qƈ且给它v个好记的名字Qicon.rcQƈ做了单的修改。现在用v来就更简单了Q?br>1、将icon.rc导入VC2008的资源（Resource FilesQ中Q?br>2、将ico文g更名为logo.icoq放到项目文件夹下（卛_放cpp和h文g的文件夹Q；
3、编译，OK了！
我在演示E序中包含了q个好用的icon.rcQ有兴趣的朋友可以直接下载来使用了，您甚至都不需要装VC6。下载地址Q（在rc文g夹下Q?br>http://www.fs2you.com/zh-cn/files/62f0acf0-ff11-11dc-a4f4-0014221b798a/
]]>