http://www.wholetomato.com/
]]>
https://github.com/zeromq/libzmq
http://zguide2.zeromq.org/page:all
http://blog.codingnow.com/2011/02/zeromq_message_patterns.html
]]>
閰嶇疆濂藉簱鐜鍚? 涓嬮潰鍐欏嚭浣跨敤GDI Plus鐨勫熀鏈楠?
1.鍖呭惈澶存枃浠?br />#include <gdiplus.h>
2.浣跨敤鍚嶅瓧絀洪棿
using namespace Gdiplus;
3.榪炴帴蹇呰鐨勫鍏ュ簱鏂囦歡
#pragma comment(lib, "gdiplus.lib")
4.鍒濆鍖?br />
ULONG_PTR m_gdiplusToken;
GdiplusStartupInput m_gdiplusStartupInput;
GdiplusStartup(&m_gdiplusToken, &m_gdiplusStartupInput, NULL);
5.浣跨敤GDI Plus搴?br />6.鐢ㄥ畬搴撳悗, 閲婃斁鎿嶄綔GdiplusShutdown(m_gdiplusToken);
]]>
鍒涘緩鍙瓑寰呰鏃跺櫒鍐呮牳瀵硅薄, 鍙互瀹炵幇綾諱技鍔熻兘, 鐜板湪, 涓嬭竟緇欏嚭濡備綍浣跨敤鍙瓑寰呰鏃跺櫒鍐呮牳瀵硅薄
1.CreateWatchDogTimer
HANDLE CreateWatchDogTimer(
LPCWSTR pszWatchDogName,
DWORD dwPeriod,
DWORD dwWait,
DWORD dwDfltAction,
DWORD dwParam,
DWORD dwFlags
);
LPCWSTR pszWatchDogName,
DWORD dwPeriod,
DWORD dwWait,
DWORD dwDfltAction,
DWORD dwParam,
DWORD dwFlags
);
2.SetWaitableTimer
BOOL WINAPI SetWaitableTimer(
__in HANDLE hTimer,
__in const LARGE_INTEGER* pDueTime,
__in LONG lPeriod,
__in_opt PTIMERAPCROUTINE pfnCompletionRoutine,
__in_opt LPVOID lpArgToCompletionRoutine,
__in BOOL fResume
);
__in HANDLE hTimer,
__in const LARGE_INTEGER* pDueTime,
__in LONG lPeriod,
__in_opt PTIMERAPCROUTINE pfnCompletionRoutine,
__in_opt LPVOID lpArgToCompletionRoutine,
__in BOOL fResume
);
CreateWatchDogTimer鍑芥暟灝辨槸鍒涘緩涓涓彲絳夊緟浜嬩歡鍐呮牳瀵硅薄
SetWaitableTimer鍑芥暟灝辨槸璁劇疆鍐呮牳瀵硅薄鐨勮Е鍙戞椂闂村拰鏃墮棿闂撮殧
搴熻瘽涓嶅璇翠簡, 榪欓噷鐩存帴涓婁唬鐮?br />
void CDialogDemoDlg::OnBtnCreateTimer()
{
SYSTEMTIME st;
st.wYear = 2012;
st.wDay = 10;
st.wDayOfWeek = 0;
st.wHour = 20;
st.wMilliseconds = 0;
st.wMinute = 16;
st.wMonth = 5;
st.wSecond = 0;
FILETIME localft;
FILETIME utc;
SystemTimeToFileTime(&st, &localft);
LocalFileTimeToFileTime(&localft, &utc);
LARGE_INTEGER liUTC;
liUTC.LowPart = utc.dwLowDateTime;
liUTC.HighPart = utc.dwHighDateTime;
m_Timer = CreateWaitableTimer(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
SetWaitableTimer(m_Timer, &liUTC, 10 * 1000, NULL, NULL, FALSE);
}
void CDialogDemoDlg::ThreadProc2(CDialogDemoDlg* pDlg)
{
while(1)
{
DWORD ret = WaitForSingleObject(pDlg->m_Timer, INFINITE);
if(WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ret)
{
AfxMessageBox("鍙瓑寰呬簨浠跺唴鏍稿璞¤Е鍙?");
}
}
}
{
SYSTEMTIME st;
st.wYear = 2012;
st.wDay = 10;
st.wDayOfWeek = 0;
st.wHour = 20;
st.wMilliseconds = 0;
st.wMinute = 16;
st.wMonth = 5;
st.wSecond = 0;
FILETIME localft;
FILETIME utc;
SystemTimeToFileTime(&st, &localft);
LocalFileTimeToFileTime(&localft, &utc);
LARGE_INTEGER liUTC;
liUTC.LowPart = utc.dwLowDateTime;
liUTC.HighPart = utc.dwHighDateTime;
m_Timer = CreateWaitableTimer(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
SetWaitableTimer(m_Timer, &liUTC, 10 * 1000, NULL, NULL, FALSE);
}
void CDialogDemoDlg::ThreadProc2(CDialogDemoDlg* pDlg)
{
while(1)
{
DWORD ret = WaitForSingleObject(pDlg->m_Timer, INFINITE);
if(WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ret)
{
AfxMessageBox("鍙瓑寰呬簨浠跺唴鏍稿璞¤Е鍙?");
}
}
}
ThreadProc2鏄竴涓嚎紼? 褰撴椂闂翠竴鍒? WaitForSingleObject灝變細榪斿洖, 鍥犱負榪欓噷鍒涘緩鐨勬槸涓涓嚜鍔ㄥ浣嶅唴鏍稿璞? 璇翠互WaitForSingleObject榪斿洖鏄細鑷姩鎶婂唴鏍稿璞″浣? 榪欓噷涓烘紨紺? 鍐欎簡涓寰幆, 鎵浠? 涓嬩竴嬈¤皟鐢╓aitForSingleObject鏃? 濡傛灉鏃墮棿鏈埌, 綰跨▼浠葷劧浼氳鎸傝搗.
鍏蜂綋鐢ㄦ硶緇嗚妭, MSDN
鍙傝? windows鏍稿績緙栫▼
]]>
ps:浠ュ悗鐢ˋTL鍐機OM緇勪歡, 鐖芥姝?br />ps:鏈夌┖鎶奀OM鎶鏈唴騫曠湅瀹?br />
]]>
#pragma data_seg(".DataSegName")
int ifoo;
char cfoo[1024] = {"test"};
//...
#pragma data_seg()
鐒跺悗, dll宸ョ▼閲屽垱寤轟竴涓猟ef鏂囦歡, def鏂囦歡鍐欎笂:int ifoo;
char cfoo[1024] = {"test"};
//...
#pragma data_seg()
SECTIONS:
.DataSegName READ WRITE SHARE
.DataSegName灝辨槸鑺傝〃鐨勫悕瀛? 榪欓噷鐨凱E鏂囦歡涓垱寤轟竴涓柊鑺傝〃, 鐒跺悗def鏂囦歡鎸囨槑榪欎釜鑺傝〃涓哄叡浜妭琛? 鍗? 榪涚▼鍦ㄥ姞杞借繖涓猟ll鏂囦歡鐨勬椂鍊? 瀵硅繖涓妭琛ㄨ繘琛岀洿鎺ユ槧灝? 鑰屼笉鏄槧灝勪竴浠芥嫹璐濆壇鏈?br />
榪欐牱, 緙栬瘧濂藉伐紼嬪悗, 浣嗚繖涓猟ll鏂囦歡琚姞杞借繘榪涚▼鏃跺? 涓嶉氳繘紼嬪氨鍙互閫氳繃榪欎釜鍏變韓鏁版嵁鑺傝〃榪涜閫氳浜?br />
.DataSegName READ WRITE SHARE
ps:涔嬪墠鐢ㄦ寚浠?br />
#pragma comment(linker, "/section:.DataSegName, RWS")
鑰屼笉鐢╠ef鐢蟲槑, 浣嗚繖鏍峰嵈鏄笉鑳藉.DataSegName鑺傝繘琛屾暟鎹叡浜? 涓嶆槸寰堟槑鐧?br />
榪欎笉灝辨槸瀵圭紪璇戠殑鏃跺? 緇檒ink.exe紼嬪簭浼犻掍竴涓弬鏁拌屽凡涔?
link /dll /sections:.DataSegName ......
]]>
1.铏氭嫙緇ф壙 --緇ф壙浜嗗涓熀綾誨疄渚? 浣嗗彧闇瑕佷竴浠藉崟鐙殑鍏變韓瀹炰緥
2.瀵逛簬涓涓被鐨勫熀綾葷殑鏁扮洰, c++娌℃湁闄愬埗(鍙互澶氱戶鎵?
涓や釜鍩虹被鏄渶甯歌鐨? 涓涓熀綾誨父甯哥敤浜庤〃紺轟竴涓叡鏈夋娊璞℃帴鍙? 絎簩涓熀綾繪彁渚涙槸鏈夌殑瀹炵幇
浠庣涓変釜鎴栨洿澶氫釜鐩存帴鍩虹被緇ф壙鑰屾潵鐨勬淳鐢熺被閬靛驚mixin-based璁捐椋庢牸
3.鍩虹被鏋勯犲嚱鏁拌璋冪敤鐨勯『搴忎互媧劇敓琛ㄤ腑澹版槑鐨勯『搴忎負鍑?/span>
4.鍦ㄥ緇ф壙涓? 媧劇敓綾誨彲浠ヤ粠涓や釜鎴栬呮洿澶氫釜鍩虹被涓戶鎵垮悓鍚嶇殑鎴愬憳 --鐩存帴璁塊棶鏄簩涔夌殑, 灝嗗鑷寸紪璇戞椂鍒婚敊璇? 鎵浠ヨ鏄劇ず鎸囨槑璋冪敤鍝釜鍩虹被鐨勫摢涓垚鍛?Base::member
5.public媧劇敓琚О涓虹被鍨嬬戶鎵?type inheritance) --媧劇敓綾繪槸鍩虹被鐨勫瓙綾誨瀷
鎻愪緵浜嗚緝涓鑸殑鍩虹被鐨勪竴縐嶇壒鍖?/span>
6.private媧劇敓琚О涓哄疄鐜扮戶鎵?implementation hinheritance) --媧劇敓綾諱笉鐩存帴鏀寔鍩虹被鐨勫叕鏈夋帴鍙? 鎻愪緵浜嗚嚜宸辯殑鍏湁鎺ュ彛, 閲嶇敤鍩虹被鐨勫疄鐜?/span>
private鍩虹被鏀炬槧浜嗕竴縐?騫墮潪鍩轟簬瀛愮被鍨嬪叧緋?鐨勭戶鎵垮艦寮? 鍩虹被鐨勬暣涓叕鏈夋帴鍙ｅ湪媧劇敓綾諱腑鍙樻垚private
7.瀵逛簬is-a瀛愮被鍨嬪叧緋繪潵璇? public緇ф壙鏄竴涓緢鏈夊埄鐨勬満鍒?/span>
8.has-a鍏崇郴涓鑸敱緇勫悎(composition)鑰屼笉鏄戶鎵挎潵鏀寔 --浣夸竴涓被縐頒負鍙︿竴涓被鐨勬垚鍛?/span>
a:濡傛灉鎴戜滑甯屾湜鏀瑰啓涓涓被鐨勮櫄鎷熷嚱鏁? 鍒欏繀欏諱嬌鐢ㄧ鏈夌戶鎵胯屼笉鏄嬌鐢ㄧ粍鍚?/span>
b:濡傛灉鎴戜滑甯屾湜涓涓被鑳藉寮曠敤"涓涓寘鍚縐嶅彲鑳界被鍨嬬殑灞傛緇撴瀯"涓殑涓涓被, 閭ｄ箞灝卞繀欏婚氳繃寮曠敤浣跨敤緇勫悎
c:濡傛灉鍙槸甯屾湜綆鍗曠殑閲嶇敤瀹炵幇, 鍒欐寜鍊肩粍鍚堟瘮緇ф壙鏇村ソ
d:濡傛灉甯屾湜瀵硅薄鐨勮繜緙撳瀷鍒嗛厤, 鎸夊紩鐢?浣跨敤涓涓寚閽?緇勫悎閫氬父鏄竴涓笉鎯崇殑璁捐閫夋嫨
9.鍏嶉櫎(exempting)涓埆鎴愬憳鐨勭鏈夌戶鎵垮獎鍝?/span>
浠ョ鏈夋柟寮忕戶鎵? 鍩虹被鐨勬墍鏈塸rotected鍜宲ublic鎴愬憳鍏ㄨ緇ф壙涓哄瓙綾葷殑縐佹湁鎴愬憳
綾昏璁¤呭彲浠ラ拡瀵瑰熀綾葷殑涓埆鎴愬憳, 鏄叾鍏嶉櫎闈炲叕鏈夋淳鐢熺殑褰卞搷:
class CSub: private CBase {
public:
using CBase::Member;
};
鍏嶉櫎涓埆鎴愬憳鐨勫彟涓涓師鍥犳槸鍏佽鍚庣畫鐨勬淳鐢熺被璁塊棶縐佹湁鍩虹被鐨刾rotected鎴愬憳
媧劇敓綾誨彧鑳藉皢緇ф壙寰楀埌鐨勬垚鍛樻仮澶嶅埌鍘熸潵鐨勮闂駭鍒? 璇ヨ闂駭鍒笉鑳芥瘮鍩虹被涓師鏉ユ寚瀹氱殑綰у埆鏇翠弗鏍兼垨鏇翠笉涓ユ牸
10.protected緇ф壙 --鍩虹被鐨勬墍鏈夊叕鏈夋垚鍛橀兘鎴愪負媧劇敓綾葷殑protected鎴愬憳
11.瀵硅薄緇勫悎鏈変袱縐嶅艦寮?/span>
a:鎸夊肩粍鍚?Composition by value)
b:鎸夊紩鐢ㄧ粍鍚?Composttion by reference)
12.铏氭嫙緇ф壙(virtual inheritance) --鍦ㄨ櫄鎷熺戶鎵夸笅, 鍙湁涓涓叡浜殑鍩虹被瀛愬璞¤緇ф壙, 鑰屾棤璁鴻鍩虹被鍦ㄦ淳鐢熷眰嬈′腑鍑虹幇澶氬皯嬈?/span>
鍏變韓鐨勫熀綾誨瓙瀵硅薄琚О涓鴻櫄鎷熷熀綾?vitual base class)
鍦ㄨ櫄鎷熺戶鎵夸笅, 鍩虹被瀛愬璞＄殑澶嶅埗鍙婄敱姝ゅ紩璧風殑浜屼箟鎬ч兘琚彇娑堜簡
13.铏氭嫙緇ф壙鐨勮娉?
CSub: public virtual CBase1, public virtual CBase2 {...};
virtual 鍜?public鐨勯『搴忎笉閲嶈
2.瀵逛簬涓涓被鐨勫熀綾葷殑鏁扮洰, c++娌℃湁闄愬埗(鍙互澶氱戶鎵?
涓や釜鍩虹被鏄渶甯歌鐨? 涓涓熀綾誨父甯哥敤浜庤〃紺轟竴涓叡鏈夋娊璞℃帴鍙? 絎簩涓熀綾繪彁渚涙槸鏈夌殑瀹炵幇
浠庣涓変釜鎴栨洿澶氫釜鐩存帴鍩虹被緇ф壙鑰屾潵鐨勬淳鐢熺被閬靛驚mixin-based璁捐椋庢牸
3.鍩虹被鏋勯犲嚱鏁拌璋冪敤鐨勯『搴忎互媧劇敓琛ㄤ腑澹版槑鐨勯『搴忎負鍑?/span>
4.鍦ㄥ緇ф壙涓? 媧劇敓綾誨彲浠ヤ粠涓や釜鎴栬呮洿澶氫釜鍩虹被涓戶鎵垮悓鍚嶇殑鎴愬憳 --鐩存帴璁塊棶鏄簩涔夌殑, 灝嗗鑷寸紪璇戞椂鍒婚敊璇? 鎵浠ヨ鏄劇ず鎸囨槑璋冪敤鍝釜鍩虹被鐨勫摢涓垚鍛?Base::member
5.public媧劇敓琚О涓虹被鍨嬬戶鎵?type inheritance) --媧劇敓綾繪槸鍩虹被鐨勫瓙綾誨瀷
鎻愪緵浜嗚緝涓鑸殑鍩虹被鐨勪竴縐嶇壒鍖?/span>
6.private媧劇敓琚О涓哄疄鐜扮戶鎵?implementation hinheritance) --媧劇敓綾諱笉鐩存帴鏀寔鍩虹被鐨勫叕鏈夋帴鍙? 鎻愪緵浜嗚嚜宸辯殑鍏湁鎺ュ彛, 閲嶇敤鍩虹被鐨勫疄鐜?/span>
private鍩虹被鏀炬槧浜嗕竴縐?騫墮潪鍩轟簬瀛愮被鍨嬪叧緋?鐨勭戶鎵垮艦寮? 鍩虹被鐨勬暣涓叕鏈夋帴鍙ｅ湪媧劇敓綾諱腑鍙樻垚private
7.瀵逛簬is-a瀛愮被鍨嬪叧緋繪潵璇? public緇ф壙鏄竴涓緢鏈夊埄鐨勬満鍒?/span>
8.has-a鍏崇郴涓鑸敱緇勫悎(composition)鑰屼笉鏄戶鎵挎潵鏀寔 --浣夸竴涓被縐頒負鍙︿竴涓被鐨勬垚鍛?/span>
a:濡傛灉鎴戜滑甯屾湜鏀瑰啓涓涓被鐨勮櫄鎷熷嚱鏁? 鍒欏繀欏諱嬌鐢ㄧ鏈夌戶鎵胯屼笉鏄嬌鐢ㄧ粍鍚?/span>
b:濡傛灉鎴戜滑甯屾湜涓涓被鑳藉寮曠敤"涓涓寘鍚縐嶅彲鑳界被鍨嬬殑灞傛緇撴瀯"涓殑涓涓被, 閭ｄ箞灝卞繀欏婚氳繃寮曠敤浣跨敤緇勫悎
c:濡傛灉鍙槸甯屾湜綆鍗曠殑閲嶇敤瀹炵幇, 鍒欐寜鍊肩粍鍚堟瘮緇ф壙鏇村ソ
d:濡傛灉甯屾湜瀵硅薄鐨勮繜緙撳瀷鍒嗛厤, 鎸夊紩鐢?浣跨敤涓涓寚閽?緇勫悎閫氬父鏄竴涓笉鎯崇殑璁捐閫夋嫨
9.鍏嶉櫎(exempting)涓埆鎴愬憳鐨勭鏈夌戶鎵垮獎鍝?/span>
浠ョ鏈夋柟寮忕戶鎵? 鍩虹被鐨勬墍鏈塸rotected鍜宲ublic鎴愬憳鍏ㄨ緇ф壙涓哄瓙綾葷殑縐佹湁鎴愬憳
綾昏璁¤呭彲浠ラ拡瀵瑰熀綾葷殑涓埆鎴愬憳, 鏄叾鍏嶉櫎闈炲叕鏈夋淳鐢熺殑褰卞搷:
class CSub: private CBase {
public:
using CBase::Member;
};
鍏嶉櫎涓埆鎴愬憳鐨勫彟涓涓師鍥犳槸鍏佽鍚庣畫鐨勬淳鐢熺被璁塊棶縐佹湁鍩虹被鐨刾rotected鎴愬憳
媧劇敓綾誨彧鑳藉皢緇ф壙寰楀埌鐨勬垚鍛樻仮澶嶅埌鍘熸潵鐨勮闂駭鍒? 璇ヨ闂駭鍒笉鑳芥瘮鍩虹被涓師鏉ユ寚瀹氱殑綰у埆鏇翠弗鏍兼垨鏇翠笉涓ユ牸
10.protected緇ф壙 --鍩虹被鐨勬墍鏈夊叕鏈夋垚鍛橀兘鎴愪負媧劇敓綾葷殑protected鎴愬憳
11.瀵硅薄緇勫悎鏈変袱縐嶅艦寮?/span>
a:鎸夊肩粍鍚?Composition by value)
b:鎸夊紩鐢ㄧ粍鍚?Composttion by reference)
12.铏氭嫙緇ф壙(virtual inheritance) --鍦ㄨ櫄鎷熺戶鎵夸笅, 鍙湁涓涓叡浜殑鍩虹被瀛愬璞¤緇ф壙, 鑰屾棤璁鴻鍩虹被鍦ㄦ淳鐢熷眰嬈′腑鍑虹幇澶氬皯嬈?/span>
鍏變韓鐨勫熀綾誨瓙瀵硅薄琚О涓鴻櫄鎷熷熀綾?vitual base class)
鍦ㄨ櫄鎷熺戶鎵夸笅, 鍩虹被瀛愬璞＄殑澶嶅埗鍙婄敱姝ゅ紩璧風殑浜屼箟鎬ч兘琚彇娑堜簡
13.铏氭嫙緇ф壙鐨勮娉?
CSub: public virtual CBase1, public virtual CBase2 {...};
virtual 鍜?public鐨勯『搴忎笉閲嶈
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2.c++瑕佹眰, 璧嬪?=), 涓嬫爣([]), 璋冪敤(()), 鍜屾垚鍛樿闂澶?->)鎿嶄綔絎﹀繀欏昏瀹氫箟紼崇被鎴愬憳鎿嶄綔絎? 浠諱綍鎶婅繖浜涙搷浣滅瀹氫箟涓哄悕瀛楃┖闂存垚鍛樼殑瀹氫箟閮戒細琚?/span>
鏍囪涓虹紪璇戞椂鍒婚敊璇?/span>
3.c++棰勫畾涔夊彲閲嶈澆鐨勬搷浣滅:
+ - * / % ^ & | ~
! , = < > <= >= ++ --
<< >> == != && || += -= /=
%= ^= &= |= *= <<= >>= [] ()
-> ->* new new[] delete delete[]
4.瀵逛簬鍐呯疆綾誨瀷鐨勬搷浣滅, 瀹冪殑棰勫畾涔夋剰涔変笉鑳借鏀瑰彉
5.棰勫畾涔夌殑鎿嶄綔絎︿紭鍏堢駭涓嶈兘琚敼鍙?/span>
6.闄や簡operator()澶? 瀵瑰叾浠栭噸杞芥搷浣滅鎻愪緵緙虹渷瀹炲弬閮芥槸闈炴硶鐨?/span>
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1.緙虹渷鎯呭喌涓? 鐢ㄤ竴涓被鐨勫璞″垵濮嬪寲鍙︿竴涓璞? 鎴栬呭悜璇ョ被鍙︿竴涓璞¤祴鍊? 閮界敱緙虹渷鐨勬寜鎴愬憳璇箟(default memberwise semantics)鏀寔
鍦ㄦ煇浜涙儏鍐典笅, 瀵圭被鐨勫畨鍏ㄦу拰澶勭悊姝ｇ‘鎬ф槸涓嶅鐨? 闇瑕佺被璁捐鑰呮彁渚涚壒孌婄殑鎷瘋礉鏋勯犲嚱鏁?copy constructor)鍜屾嫹璐濊祴鍊兼搷浣滅(copy assignment
operator)鐨勫畾涔?/span>
2.new綾誨璞?--鍙湁new琛ㄨ揪寮忔垚鍔熺殑鐢寵鍒扮┖闂村唴瀛? 鏋勯犲嚱鏁版墠浼氳璋冪敤
3.鏋勯犲嚱鏁板畾涔変負inline鏃? 鍒涘緩瀵硅薄鏄細鍦ㄨ皟鐢ㄧ偣灞曞紑鏋勯犲嚱鏁?/span>
4.鎴愬憳鍒濆鍖栧垪琛?member initialization list)
5.鏋勯犲嚱鏁頒笉鑳界敤const鎴杤olatile鍏抽敭瀛楁潵澹版槑
涓涓猚onst綾誨璞″湪"浠庡叾鏋勯犲嚱鏁板畬鎴愬埌鏋愭瀯鍑芥暟寮濮?榪欐鏃墮棿鍐呮墠琚涓烘槸const, volatile綾誨璞′篃涓鏍?/span>
6.explicit淇グ絎﹂氱煡緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ笉瑕佹彁渚涢殣寮忚漿鎹?/span>
void print(const CTest &test);
//...
print("oops"); //榪欑璋冪敤浼氭妸"oops"杞崲鎴愪竴涓狢Test瀵硅薄
緙虹渷鎯呭喌涓? 鍗曞弬鏁版瀯閫犲嚱鏁?鎴栬呮湁澶氫釜鍙傛暟, 闄や簡絎竴涓弬鏁板, 鍏朵粬閮芥湁緙虹渷瀹炲弬)琚敤浣滆漿鎹㈢
鏃犳剰鐨勯殣寮忕被杞崲, 鏄緢闅捐窡韙殑閿欒!, 鍏抽敭瀛梕xplicit琚紩鍏ュ埌鏍囧噯c++涓? 浠ュ府鍔╂垜浠姂鍒惰繖縐嶄笉鍙楁榪庣殑緙栬瘧杈呭姪琛屼負
explicit鍙兘琚簲鐢ㄥ湪鏋勯犲嚱鏁頒笂
7.緙虹渷鏋勯犲嚱鏁版槸涓嶉渶瑕佺敤鎴鋒寚瀹氬疄鍙傚氨鑳藉琚皟鐢ㄧ殑鏋勯犲嚱鏁? --騫朵笉鎰忓懗鐫瀹冧笉鑳芥帴鍙楀疄鍙? 鍙剰鍛崇潃鏋勯犲嚱鏁扮殑姣忎釜鍙傛暟閮芥湁涓涓己鐪佸間笌涔嬪叧鑱?/span>
8.闄愬埗瀵硅薄鍒涘緩 --鎶婄浉鍏蟲瀯閫犲嚱鏁版斁鍒伴潪鍏湁璁塊棶鍖哄唴, 浠庤岄檺鍒舵垨鏄劇ず紱佹鏌愪簺褰㈠紡鐨勫鍒涘緩鍔ㄤ綔
鍦ㄥ疄闄呯殑c++紼嬪簭涓? 闈炲叕鏈夌殑鏋勯犲嚱鏁頒富瑕佺敤澶勬槸:
闃叉鐢ㄤ竴涓被瀵硅薄鎯寵綾誨彟涓涓璞″仛鎷瘋礉
鎸囧嚭鍙湁褰撲竴涓被鍦ㄧ戶鎵垮眰嬈′腑琚敤浣滃熀綾? 鑰屼笉鑳界洿鎺ヨ搴旂敤紼嬪簭鎿嶇旱鏃? 鏋勯犲嚱鏁版墠鑳借璋冪敤
9.鎷瘋礉鏋勯犲嚱鏁?--鐢ㄤ竴涓被瀵硅薄鍒濆鍖栬綾葷殑鍙︿竴涓璞¤縐頒負緙虹渷鎸夋垚鍛樺垵濮嬪寲(default memberwise initialization)
涓涓被瀵硅薄鎯寵綾葷殑鍙︿竴涓璞′綔鎷瘋礉鏄氳繃渚濇鎷瘋礉姣忎釜闈為潤鎬佹暟鎹垚鍛樻潵瀹炵幇
綾昏璁¤呭彲浠ラ氳繃鎻愪緵鐗規畩鐨勬嫹璐濇瀯閫犲嚱鏁?copy constructor)鏉ユ敼鍙樼己鐪佺殑琛屼負
鎷瘋礉鏋勯犲嚱鏁頒笉涓瀹氭槸const, 浣嗗畠鍗村繀欏繪槸寮曠敤
10.鏃犺浣曟椂, 褰撳湪涓涓嚱鏁板唴鍒犻櫎涓涓嫭绔嬬殑鍫嗗璞℃椂, 鏈濂戒嬌鐢╝uto_ptr綾誨璞¤屼笉鏄竴涓疄闄呯殑鎸囬拡
濡傛灉delete琛ㄨ揪寮忓け璐? 濡備竴涓紓甯歌鎶涘嚭, 浼氬埌鏃跺唴瀛樻硠闇?寮傚父鎶涘嚭, 璺寵繃浜哾elete鎿嶄綔?), 涓嶄細璋冪敤鏋愭瀯鍑芥暟
鎵浠ュ緩璁敤auto_ptr鏅鴻兘鎸囬拡
11.瀵逛簬鍦ㄥ爢涓垎閰嶇殑綾誨璞℃暟緇勭殑鍏冪礌, 鎴戜滑娌℃湁鍔炴硶鎻愪緵涓緇勬樉紺虹殑鍊兼潵鍋氬垵濮嬪寲, 濡傛灉緇嗗寲鏀寔閫氳繃new琛ㄨ揪寮忓垎閰嶆暟緇? 鍒欑被蹇呴』鎻愪緵涓涓己鐪佺殑鏋?/span>
閫犲嚱鏁? 鎴栦笉鎻愪緵鏋勯犲嚱鏁?/span>
12.鐢ㄤ竴涓被瀵硅薄鍒濆鍖栧彟涓涓被瀵硅薄, 縐頒負鎸夋垚鍛樺垵濮嬪寲(default memberwise initialization)
鍙戠敓鍦?鐢ㄤ竴涓被瀵硅薄鏄劇ず鐨勫垵濮嬪寲鍙︿竴涓璞?/span>
鎶婁竴涓被瀵硅薄浣滀負瀹炲弬浼犻掔粰涓涓嚱鏁?/span>
鎶婁竴涓被瀵硅薄浣滀負涓涓嚱鏁扮殑榪斿洖鍊間紶閫掑洖鏉?/span>
闈炵┖欏哄簭瀹瑰櫒綾誨瀷鐨勫畾涔?/span>
鎶婁竴涓被瀵硅薄鎻掑叆鍒頒竴涓鍣ㄧ被鍨嬩腑
13.鎴愬憳綾誨璞″垵濮嬪寲
14.緙虹渷鎸夋垚鍛樿祴鍊?default memberwise assignment) --鐢ㄤ竴涓被瀵硅薄鍚戣綾葷殑鍙︿竴涓璞＄殑璧嬪兼搷浣?/span>
鐢ㄩ殣寮忕殑鎷瘋礉璧嬪兼搷浣滅
涓鑸潵鎵, 濡傛灉緙虹渷鐨勬寜鎴愬憳鍒濆鍖栧浜庝竴涓被涓嶅悎閫? 鍒欑己鐪佺殑鎸夋垚鍛樿祴鍊間篃涓嶅悎閫?/span>
閫氳繃鎻愪緵涓涓幇瀹炵殑鎷瘋礉璧嬪兼搷浣滅鐨勫疄渚? 鍙互鏀瑰彉緙虹渷鐨勬寜鎴愬憳璧嬪?/span>
娉ㄦ剰瑕侀槻姝竴涓被瀵硅薄鍚戣嚜宸辮祴鍊?--瀵逛簬"鍏堥噴鏀句笌璇ュ璞″綋鍓嶇浉鍏崇殑璧勬簮, 浠ヤ究鍒嗛厤涓庤鎷瘋礉瀵硅薄鐩稿叧璧勬簮"榪欐牱鐨勬嫹璐濊祴鍊兼搷浣滅, 鎷瘋礉鑷韓灝ゅ叾涓?/span>
褰撲竴涓被瀵硅薄琚祴鍊肩粰璇ョ被鐨勫彟涓涓璞℃槸:
a媯鏌ヨ綾? 鍒ゆ柇鏄惁鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓幇瀹炵殑鎷瘋礉璧嬪兼搷浣滅
b濡傛灉鏄? 媯鏌ヨ闂潈闄? 鍒ゆ柇鏄惁鍙互琚皟鐢?/span>
c濡傛灉涓嶈兘琚皟鐢? 緙栬瘧閿欒, 鍚﹀垯鎵ц榪欎釜璋冪敤
d濡傛灉璇ョ被娌℃湁鎻愪緵鏄劇ず鐨勬嫹璐濊祴鍊兼搷浣滅, 鍒欐墽琛屾寜緙虹渷鎴愬憳璧嬪?/span>
e鍦ㄧ己鐪佹寜鎴愬憳璧嬪間笅, 姣忎釜鍐呯疆綾誨瀷鎴栧鍚堢被鍨嬬殑鏁版嵁鎴愬憳琚祴鍊肩粰鐩稿簲鐨勬垚鍛?/span>
f瀵逛簬姣忎釜綾繪垚鍛樺璞? 閫掑綊鎵цa鍒癴姝? 鐭ラ亾鎵鏈夊唴緗垨澶嶅悎綾誨瀷鐨勬暟鎹垚鍛橀兘琚祴鍊?/span>
濡傛灉甯屾湜瀹屽叏紱佹鎸夋垚鍛樻嫹璐濈殑琛屾枃, 灝嗘搷浣滅澹版槑涓簆rivate騫朵笖涓嶆彁渚涘疄闄呭畾涔夊嵆鍙?/span>
涓鑸潵璇? 搴旇灝嗘嫹璐濇瀯閫犲嚱鏁板拰鎷瘋礉璧嬪兼搷浣滆涓轟竴涓釜浣撳崟鍏?/span>
15.C++璇█涓嶈兘鏈夋晥鍦拌繑鍥炰竴涓被瀵硅薄, 榪欒瑙嗕負c++璇█鐨勪竴涓噸澶х己闄?/span>
16.c++綾誨璞＄殑鍒濆鍖栨繪槸姣旇祴鍊兼洿鏈夋晥
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2.unique()闅忕劧鍘繪帀浜嗗鍣ㄤ腑鐨勯噸澶嶅? 浣嗘槸鍙幓鎺夌浉閭葷殑閲嶅鍊? 鍥犳鍙互鍏堝瀹瑰櫒榪涜sort()鎺掑簭
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2.鏍堝睍寮(stack unwinding)
濡傛灉鎵懼埌涓涓猚atch瀛愬彞, 鍒欒寮傚父琚鐞? 濡傛灉娌℃湁鎵懼埌catch瀛愬彞, 鍒欏湪涓昏皟鍑芥暟緇х畫鏌ユ壘
榪欎釜榪囩▼娌跨潃娼滈冨嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄩ摼鍚戜笂緇х畫, 鐩村埌鎵懼埌璇ュ紓甯哥殑catch瀛愬彞.
3.閲嶆柊鎶涘嚭(rethow)
throw; //rethrow璇彞鍙兘鍑虹幇鍦╟atch瀛愬彞椋炲鍚堣鍙ヤ腑
琚姏鍑虹殑寮傚父灝辨槸鍘熸潵鐨勫紓甯稿璞?br />4.鎶奵atch瀛愬彞涓殑寮傚父瀵硅薄澹版槑涓哄紩鐢? 鍏嶅幓浜嗗璞＄殑鍐呭瓨鎷瘋礉, 鍙堝彲浠ョ‘淇濆簲鐢ㄥ湪catch瀛愬彞涓殑寮傚父瀵硅薄涓婄殑淇敼鎿嶄綔, 鑳藉鍙嶆槧鍒拌閲嶆柊鎶涘嚭鐨勫紓甯?/p>
瀵硅薄涓?br />5.catch-all
try {
....
}
catch(...) {} //catch-all鏍煎紡
6.catch瀛愬彞琚鏌ョ殑欏哄簭涓庡畠浠湪try鍧椾箣鍚庡嚭鐜扮殑欏哄簭鐩稿悓, 涓鏃︽壘鍒頒簡涓涓尮閰? 鍒欏悗緇殑catch瀛愬彞灝嗕笉鍐嶆鏌?br />7.寮傚父瑙勮寖(exception specification)
void foo() throw(Object); //榪欑澹版槑灝辨槸寮傚父瑙勮寖
寮傚父澹版槑鏄嚱鏁版帴鍙ｇ殑涓閮ㄥ垎
8.寮傚父瑙勮寖涓嶅厑璁擱噸琚姏鍑虹殑寮傚父綾誨瀷鍒板紓甯歌鑼冨埗瀹氱殑綾誨瀷涔嬮棿鐨勮漿鎹?
void foo() throw(string) {
....
throw "exception"; //涓嶅厑璁鎬粠const char* 鍒皊tring鐨勮漿鎹? 姝ゆ椂璋冪敤unexpected()
throw string("exception"); //鍙互
}
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2.妯℃澘闈炵被鍨嬪弬鏁版槸鐢變竴涓櫘閫氱殑鍙傛暟澹版槑鏋勬垚, 浠ｈ〃涓涓綔鍦ㄧ殑鍊?
template <typename Type, int size>
Type min(Type (&arr)[size]);
//褰撳嚱鏁版ā鏉縨in()琚疄渚嬪寲鏃? size鐨勫間細琚竴涓紪璇戞椂鍒誨凡鐭ョ殑甯擱噺鍊間唬鏇?/span>
3.綾誨瀷鍜屽肩殑鏇挎崲榪囩▼琚О涓烘ā鏉跨殑瀹炰緥鍖?template instantiation)
4.c++鏀寔涓ょ妯℃澘緙栬瘧妯″紡:
鍖呭惈妯″紡(Inclusion Model)
鍒嗙妯″紡(Separation Model)
鍖呭惈緙栬瘧妯″紡涓? 鍦ㄦ瘡涓ā鏉胯瀹炰緥鍖栫殑鏂囦歡涓寘鍚嚱鏁版ā鏉跨殑瀹氫箟, 騫朵笖寰寰鎶婂畾涔夋斁鍦ㄥご鏂囦歡涓? 鍚戝鍐呰仈鍑芥暟宸﹂偅鏍?/span>
--緙虹偣: 鍑芥暟妯℃澘浣?body)鎻忚堪浜嗗疄鐜扮粏鑺?/span>
鍒嗙緙栬瘧妯″紡涓? 鍑芥暟妯℃澘澹版槑鏀懼湪澶存枃浠朵腑, 鍑芥暟妯℃澘瀹氫箟鏀懼湪cpp鏂囦歡閲?/span>
//.h
template <typename Type> Type min(Type t1, Type t2);
//.cpp
export template <typename Type>
Type min(Type t1, Type t2) { /* ... */ }
//鍏抽敭瀛?export! 鍙鍑虹殑妯℃澘
//騫朵笉鏄墍鏈夌殑緙栬瘧鍣ㄩ兘鏀寔鍒嗙妯″紡
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stl 鎵懼嚭鏁扮粍鐨勬渶灝忓?
#include <iostream>#include <string>#include <algorithm>#include <vector>using namespace std;template<typename Type, int size>Type getMin(const Type (&arr)[size])
{
cout << "Size:" << size <<endl; vector<Type> vec(arr, arr + size); sort(vec.begin(), vec.end()); return vec[0];
}int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
int arr[] = {4, -3, 2, 4, 5, 3, 4, 3};
cout << getMin(arr) < <endl; return 0;}stl鍒犻櫎閲嶅鏁版嵁
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
template<typename Type>
void display(const vector<Type>& vec)
{
vector<Type>::const_iterator iter = vec.begin();
while(iter != vec.end())
{
cout << *iter <<" ";
iter++;
}
cout <<endl;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
const int Len = 12;
int arr[Len] = {2, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6};
vector<int> vec(arr, arr + Len);
sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
display(vec);
vector<int>::iterator iterBegin = vec.begin();
vector<int>::iterator iterEnd = unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()); //鍘繪帀閲嶅鐨?/span>
display(vec);
while(iterBegin != iterEnd)
{
cout << *iterBegin << " ";
iterBegin++;
}
cout <<endl;
return 0;
}
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
template<typename Type>
void display(const vector<Type>& vec)
{
vector<Type>::const_iterator iter = vec.begin();
while(iter != vec.end())
{
cout << *iter <<" ";
iter++;
}
cout <<endl;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
const int Len = 12;
int arr[Len] = {2, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6};
vector<int> vec(arr, arr + Len);
sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
display(vec);
vector<int>::iterator iterBegin = vec.begin();
vector<int>::iterator iterEnd = unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()); //鍘繪帀閲嶅鐨?/span>
display(vec);
while(iterBegin != iterEnd)
{
cout << *iterBegin << " ";
iterBegin++;
}
cout <<endl;
return 0;
}
map瀛楃媯绱?/h3>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
map<char, int> mObj;
string str;
cin >> str;
for(int i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i)
{
if(mObj.count(str[i]))
mObj[str[i]]++;
else
mObj.insert(map<char, int>::value_type(str[i], 1));
}
map<char, int>::iterator iter = mObj.begin();
while(iter != mObj.end())
{
cout << iter->first << ":" <<iter->second <<endl;
++iter;
}
return 0;
}
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
map<char, int> mObj;
string str;
cin >> str;
for(int i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i)
{
if(mObj.count(str[i]))
mObj[str[i]]++;
else
mObj.insert(map<char, int>::value_type(str[i], 1));
}
map<char, int>::iterator iter = mObj.begin();
while(iter != mObj.end())
{
cout << iter->first << ":" <<iter->second <<endl;
++iter;
}
return 0;
}
]]>
//鍏朵粬緇嗚妭鍥炲ご鍐嶇湅
]]>
3.鏌愪簺鎯呭喌涓? 緙栬瘧鍣ㄨ嚜鍔ㄥ皢鎸夊艱繑鍥炶漿鎹㈠埌鎸夊紩鐢ㄨ繑鍥? 璇ヤ紭鍖栫О涓哄懡鍚嶈繑鍥炲間紭鍖?named return value optimization)
4.鐩存帴鎴栭棿鎺ヨ皟鐢ㄨ嚜宸辯殑鍑芥暟琚О涓洪掑綊鍑芥暟(recursive function)
5.inline鎸囩ず瀵圭紪璇戝櫒鏉ヨ鍙槸涓涓緩璁? 緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ彲浠ラ夋嫨蹇界暐璇ュ緩璁?br />
]]>
2.鍏寵仈瀹瑰櫒(associative container) --鏀寔鏌ヨ涓涓厓绱犳槸鍚﹀瓨鍦? 騫朵笖鍙互鏈夋晥鍦拌幏鍙栧厓绱?br /> map, set, multimap, multiset
3.瀹瑰櫒鐨勫閲?--鍦ㄥ鍣ㄤ笅涓嬈￠渶瑕佸闀胯嚜宸變箣鍓嶈兘澶熻鍔犲叆鍒板鍣ㄤ腑鐨勫厓绱犵殑鎬繪暟(瀹歸噺鍙笌榪炵畫瀛樺偍鐨勫鍣ㄧ浉鍏?vector, deque, string. 鑰宭ist涓嶈姹?/p>
瀹歸噺)
4.capacity()鎿嶄綔 --姹備竴涓鍣ㄧ殑瀹歸噺
5.瀹瑰櫒鐨勯暱搴?--瀹瑰櫒褰撳墠鎷ユ湁鍏冪礌鐨勪釜鏁?br />
6.size()鎿嶄綔 --姹備竴涓鍣ㄧ殑闀垮害
7.鏁版嵁綾誨瀷瓚婂鏉? vector鐨勬晥鐜囧氨瓚婁綆
8.reserve()鎿嶄綔 --鍏佽紼嬪簭鍛樺皢瀹瑰櫒鐨勫閲忚緗垚涓涓幇瀹炴寚瀹氱殑鍊?br />
9.榪唬鍣?iterator) --鎻愪緵浜嗕竴縐嶄竴鑸寲鐨勬柟娉? 瀵歸『搴忔垨鍏寵仈瀹瑰櫒綾誨瀷涓殑姣忎釜鍏冪礌榪涜榪炵畫璁塊棶
10.姣忎釜瀹瑰櫒綾誨瀷閮芥彁渚涗簡涓涓猙egin()鍜屼竴涓猠nd()鎴愬憳鍑芥暟
11.begin()榪斿洖涓涓猧terator, 鎸囧悜瀹瑰櫒鐨勭涓涓厓绱?br />
12.end()榪斿洖涓涓猧terator, 鎸囧悜瀹瑰櫒鐨勬湯鍏冪礌鐨勪笅涓涓綅緗?br />
13.鍑轟簡iterator綾誨瀷, 姣忎釜瀹瑰櫒榪樺畾涔変簡涓涓猚onst iterator綾誨瀷, 瀵逛簬閬嶅巻const瀹瑰櫒鏄繀闇鐨?br />
14.iterator綆楁湳璁虹畻鍙傜敤浜巚ector鎴杁eque, 鑰屼笉閫傜敤涓巐ist, 鍥犱負ielist鐨勫厓绱犲湪鍐呭瓨涓笉鏄繛緇瓨鍌ㄧ殑
15.string.find_first_of()鏌ユ壘涓庤鎼滅儲瀛楃涓蹭腑浠繪剰涓涓瓧絎︾浉鍖歸厤鐨勭涓嬈″嚭鐜? 騫惰繑鍥炲畠鐨勭儲寮曚綅緗?br />
16.string.substr()鐢熸垚string瀵硅薄鐨勫瓧涓茬殑涓涓嫹璐?br />
17.string.rfind()鏌ユ壘鏈鍚庣殑鎸囧畾瀛椾覆鍑虹幇鐨勭儲寮?br />
18.string.find_first_not_of()鏌ユ壘絎竴涓笉涓庤鎼滅儲瀛楃涓茬殑浠繪剰瀛楃鐩稿尮閰嶇殑瀛楃
19.string.find_last_of()鏌ユ壘瀛楃涓蹭腑鐨?涓庢悳绱㈠瓧絎︿覆浠繪剰鍏冪礌鐩稿尮閰?鐨勬渶鍚庝竴涓瓧絎?br />
20.string.find_last_not_of()鏌ユ壘瀛楃涓蹭腑鐨?涓庢悳绱㈠瓧絎︿覆浠繪剰瀛楃鍏ㄤ笉鍖歸厤"鐨勬渶鍚庝竴涓瓧絎?br />
21.string.erase(pos, num)鎿嶄綔鍘繪帀瀛楃涓蹭腑鐨勬寚瀹氫覆, pos琛ㄧず浣嶇疆, num琛ㄧず鍘繪帀鐨勯暱搴?br />
22.<locale>ctype綾? 灝佽漿浜嗘爣鍑哻搴撳嚱鏁扮殑鍔熻兘鍙婁竴緇勯潪鎴愬憳鍑芥暟
23.string.compare(pos, num, str); 姣旇緝pos浣嶇疆鐨勫悗闈um涓瓧絎︽槸鍚︿負str
24.string.insert(pos, newstring); pos琛ㄧず瑕佹彃鍏ョ殑浣嶇疆, newstring琛ㄧず瑕佹彃鍏ョ殑瀛楃涓?br />
25.string.assign(); 瀛楃涓叉嫹璐?br />
26.string.append(); 瀛楃涓叉嫾鎺?br />
27.string.swap(); 浜ゆ崲涓や釜瀛楃涓?br />
28.string.at(); 瀵瑰瓧絎︾殑涓嬫爣绱㈠紩鎿嶄綔, 鏈夊绱㈠紩鍊艱寖鍥存嫻? 涓嬫爣瓚婄晫鏃舵姏鍑簅ut_of_range寮傚父
try {
char ch = st.at(index);
} catch(std::out_of_range) { ... }
29.string.replace(pos, num, newstring); 鐢╪ewstring浠ｆ浛pos鍚庨潰num涓瓧絎﹀瓙涓?br />
30.map 涔熷彨鍏寵仈鏁扮粍(associative array) 閿?鍊煎 key/value
閿敤鏉ョ儲寮昺ap, 鍊肩敤浣滃瓨鍌ㄥ拰媯绱㈢殑鏁版嵁
map瀵硅薄瀹氫箟, 鑷沖皯瑕佹寚鏄庨敭鍜屽肩殑綾誨瀷, 濡?
map<string, int> word_count;
31.map鐨勬暟鎹綍鍏?br />
map<string, string> str_str;
str_str[string("one")] = string("1"); //榪欑鏁堢巼姣旇緝浣?br />
str_str.insert(
map<string, string>::value_type("two", "2")
); //榪欑鏁堢巼楂?br />
32.鏌ユ壘騫惰幏鍙杕ap涓殑鍏冪礌
鏈綆鍗曠殑鏂規硶:
value = mapObj[key];
浣嗚繖鏍鋒湁涓棶棰? 濡傛灉涓嶅瓨鍦╧ey榪欎釜閿? mapObj灝變細鎻掑叆key閿? 騫舵妸瀵瑰簲鐨剉alue鍊間負榛樿鍊? 榪欐牱寰楀埌鐨剉alue鏄棤鏁堢殑
鎵浠? 搴旇榪欐牱鍐?br />
if(mapObj.count(key))
value = mapObj[key];
鎴栬呰繖鏍?
map<keyType, valueType>::iterator iter = mapObj.find(key);
if(iter != mapObj.end())
value = mapObj[key];
33.浠巑ap涓垹闄ゅ厓绱?br />
erase鎿嶄綔
mapObj.erase(key);
榪樻湁涓ょ閲嶈澆鏂瑰紡, 璇﹁鏂囨。
mapObj.clear(); 娓呯┖map瀵硅薄鎵鏈夊?br />
34.set瀵硅薄鎻掑叆鍏冪礌
#include <set>
set<setType> setObj;
setObj.insert(key);
35.set瀵硅薄鏌ユ壘鍏冪礌
setObj.count(key); //1鏈? 0娌℃湁
setObj.find(key); iter涓簊etObj.end()琛ㄧず娌℃湁
36.multiset鍜宮ultimap鍏佽瑕佽瀛樺偍鐨勯敭鍑虹幇澶氭
瀵逛簬multiset鍜宮ultimap鐨勮凱浠ｇ瓥鐣ユ槸鑱斿悎浣跨敤find榪斿洖鐨刬terator鍜宑ount榪斿洖鐨勫?
count = mulsetObj.count();
multiset<type>::iterator iter;
iter = mulsetObj.find(key);
for(int i = 0; i < count; ++i, ++iter)
do_something(*iter);
鍙︿竴縐嶆柟娉曟槸浣跨敤equal_range()榪斿洖鐨刬terator鍊?br />
濡傛灉榪欎釜鍊煎瓨鍦? 鍒欑涓涓猧terator鎸囧悜璇ュ肩殑絎竴涓疄渚? 涓旂浜屼釜iterator鎸囧悜榪欎釜鍊肩殑鏈鍚庝竴涓疄渚嬬殑涓嬩竴涓綅緗?
switch(mulmapObj.count) {
case 0: break; //涓嶅瓨鍦?br />
case 1: //鍙湁涓欏? 鐢ㄦ櫘閫氱殑find鎿嶄綔
multimap<keyType, valueType>::iterator iter;
iter = mulmapObj.find(key);
do_something(*iter);
break;
default: //鏈夎澶氶」
typedef multimap<keyType, valueType>::iterator it;
pair<it, it>pos;
pos = mulmapObj.equal_range(key);
for(; pos.first != pos.second; pos.first++)
do_somethine(*pos.first);
}
//瀵瑰簲鐨? 鍒犻櫎鐨勮瘽鐢╩ulmapObj.erase(pos.first, pos.second);
//涓嶆敮鎸佷笅鏍囨搷浣滄槸璁塊棶multimap鍏冪礌鐨勪竴涓檺鍒?
mulmapObj[key]; //閿欒
37.鏍堝鍣?stack container)鏀寔鐨勬搷浣?//澶存枃浠?lt;stack>
empty()
size()
pop()
top()
push(item)
38.鏍堢被鍨嬭縐頒負瀹瑰櫒閫傞厤鍣?container adapter)
39.緙虹渷鎯呭喌涓? 鏍堢敤瀹瑰櫒綾誨瀷deque瀹炵幇, 鏀瑰彉榪欎釜緙虹渷鍊煎彲浠ヨ繖鏍?
stack<type, list<type>> stackObj; //鏀規垚鐢ㄥ鍣ㄧ被鍨媗ist瀹炵幇
//涓鑸槸瀹氫箟涓涓寚閽堟爤
class CTest;
stack<CTest*> ctestStack;
40.鏍囧噯搴撴彁渚涗簡涓ょ椋庢牸鐨勯槦鍒? queue(闃熷垪), priority_queue(浼樺厛綰ч槦鍒?
澶存枃浠?<queue>
41.queue鍜宲riority_queue鎿嶄綔
empty()
size()
pos()
front() //鍙兘鐢ㄥ湪涓鑸槦鍒?br />
back() //鍙兘鐢ㄥ湪涓鑸槦鍒?br />
top() //鍙兘鐢ㄥ湪浼樺厛綰ч槦鍒?br />
push(item)
]]>
]]>
3.c++鍏抽敭瀛? asm, auto, bool, breek, case, catch, char, class, const, const_cast, continue, default, delete, do, double, dynamic_cast
else, enum, explicit, export, extern, false, float, for, friend, goto, if, inline, int, long, mutable, namespace, new, operator
private, protected, public, register, renterpret_cast, return, short, signed, sizeof, static, static_cast, struct, switch,
template, union, unsigned, using, virtual, void, volatile, wchar_t, while
4.鍏ㄥ眬鍩?global scope)
5.replace鐢ㄦ硶: replace(string.begin(), string.end(), 'a', 'b'); //鎶妔tring閲岀殑a鏇挎崲鎴恇
6.欖旀暟(magic number) --閲嶈鎬у湪涓婁笅鏂囦腑娌℃湁浣撶幇鍑烘潵
7.c++涓嶆敮鎸佸湪鏋氫婦鎴愬憳涔嬮棿鐨勫墠鍚庣Щ鍔?br /> 8.vector綾諱負鍐呯疆鐨勬暟緇勬彁渚涗簡涓縐嶄唬鏇胯〃紺?br /> 9.vector鏈変袱縐嶄笉鍚屽艦寮? 鏁扮粍涔犳儻; stl涔犳儻
10.size()鏌ヨvector澶у皬
11.empty()嫻嬭瘯vector鏄惁涓虹┖
12.push_back()鍦╲ector鍚庨潰鎻掑叆涓涓厓绱?br /> 13.volatile --緙栬瘧鍣ㄦ墽琛岀殑鏌愪簺渚嬭浼樺寲琛屼負涓嶈兘搴旂敤鍦ㄥ凡鎸囧畾涓簐olatile鐨勫璞′笂
14.pair綾誨瀷 --鎶婄浉鍚岀被鍨嬫垨涓嶅悓綾誨瀷鐨勪袱涓煎叧鑱旇搗鏉?br /> 澶存枃浠?lt;utility>
pair<string, string> author("abc", "def");
pair鐨勬垚鍛樿闂 first second
]]>
4.鍐呭瓨娉勯湶(memory leak) --鏈夌浉搴旇瘑鍒唴瀛樻硠闇茬殑宸ュ叿
5.鎴愬憳璁塊棶鎿嶄綔絎?member access operator)
6.鍏湁鎴愬憳鎻愪緵浜嗙被鐨勫叕鏈夋帴鍙?public interface) --瀹炵幇浜嗚繖涓被鐨勮涓虹殑闆嗗悎
7.縐佹湁鎴愬憳鎻愪緵縐佹湁瀹炵幇浠ｇ爜(private implementation) --瀛樺偍淇℃伅鐨勬暟鎹?br /> 8.綾葷殑鍏叡鎺ュ彛涓庣鏈夊疄鐜頒唬鐮佺殑鍒嗙 --縐頒負淇℃伅闅愯棌
9.淇℃伅闅愯棌鐨勫ソ澶? 綆鍖栫被鍔熻兘鐨勪慨鏀逛簬鎵╁睍, 鏂逛究閿欒鐨勬鏌?br /> 10.鍐呰仈鍑芥暟(inline function) 鍦ㄨ皟鐢ㄧ偣涓婂睍寮
11.鍑芥暟閲嶈澆(function overloading)
12.綾誨煙鎿嶄綔絎?class scope operator) --綾誨悕::
13.鍩熸搷浣滅(scope operator) --::
14.灞鍩?local scope)
15.鎷瘋礉鏋勯犲嚱鏁?copy constructor)
16. 綾誨悕 object;
綾誨悕 obj1 = object; --璋冪敤鎷瘋礉鏋勯犲嚱鏁?br /> 綾誨悕 obj2(object); --璋冪敤鎷瘋礉鏋勯犲嚱鏁?br /> 17.寮曠敤(reference)
18.鏋愭瀯鎴愬憳鍑芥暟(destructor member function)
19.鎿嶄綔絎﹂噸杞?operator overloading)
20.鍩虹被(base class)
21.媧劇敓綾?derived class)
22.瀛愮被(subtype)
23.濡傛灉甯屾湜闃叉媧劇敓綾葷洿鎺ヨ闂煇涓垚鍛? 鍙互鎶婅鎴愬憳澹版槑涓簆rivate鎴愬憳
24.濡傛灉紜俊鏌愪釜鎴愬憳鎻愪緵浜嗘淳鐢熺被闇瑕佺洿鎺ヨ闂殑鎿嶄綔鎴栨暟鎹瓨鍌? 鑰屼笖閫氳繃榪欎釜鎴愬憳, 媧劇敓綾葷殑瀹炵幇浼氭洿鏈夋晥, 鍒欏０鏄庝負protected鎴愬憳
25.鍩虹被鐨勬瀯閫犲嚱鏁版病鏈夎媧劇敓綾葷戶鎵?鏋愭瀯鍑芥暟鍜屾嫹璐濊祴鍊兼搷浣滅涔熷悓鏍鋒病鏈夎緇ф壙)
26.澶氱戶鎵?multiple inheritance)
27.铏氭嫙緇ф壙(virtual inheritance)
28.RTTI(榪愯鏃跺埢綾誨瀷璇嗗埆) --鍦ㄧ▼搴忔墽琛岃繃紼嬩腑浠繪剰涓涓偣涓? 鑳藉鏌ヨ鏌愮被鐨勫紩鐢ㄦ垨鎸囬拡鎸囧悜鐨勫疄闄呯被鍨?br /> 29.綾誨瀷/瀛愮被鍨嬬戶鎵垮叧緋繪斁鏄犱簡涓縐?is-a(鏄竴縐?"鐨勫叧緋?br /> 30.娉涘瀷璁捐(Generic)
31.寮傚父(exception)
32.寮傚父澶勭悊(exception handling) --寮傚父澶勭悊璁炬柦澶уぇ鍦板噺灝戜簡紼嬪簭浠ｇ爜鐨勯暱搴﹀拰澶嶆潅搴?br /> 33.紼嬪簭璋冪敤鏍?Program call stack)
34.鍚嶅瓧絀洪棿namespace
35.寤鴻浣跨敤甯︽湁綺劇粏閫夋嫨鍔熻兘鐨剈sing澹版槑浠ｆ浛using鎸囩ず絎?br /> 36.vector --鍚戦噺
37.澶存枃浠?<vector>
38.榪唬鍣ㄦ槸涓涓敮鎸佹寚閽堢被鍨嬫娊璞＄殑綾誨璞?br /> 39.鎼滅儲(search)綆楁硶: find(), find_if(), search(), binary_earch(), count(), count_if()
鍒嗙被鎺掑簭(sorting)涓庨氱敤鎺掑簭(ordering)綆楁硶: sort(), partial_sort(), merge(), partition(), rotate(), reverse(), random_shuffle()
鍒犻櫎(deletion)綆楁硶: unique()鍜宺emove()
綆楁湳(numeric)綆楁硶: accumulate(), partial_sum(), inner_product() 鍜宎djacent_difference()
鐢熸垚(generation)鍜屽彉寮?mutation)綆楁硶: generate(), fill(), transformation(), copy(), for_each()
鍏崇郴(Relational)綆楁硶: equal(), min(), max()
40.綆楁硶澶存枃浠?<algorithm>
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5.闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鐨勭▼搴忚璁℃柟娉曢氳繃緇ф壙(inheritance)鏈哄埗鍜屽姩鎬佺粦瀹?dynamic binding)鏈哄埗鎵╁睍浜嗘娊璞℃暟鎹被鍨?br /> 6.緇ф壙鏈哄埗瀵圭幇鏈夊疄鐜頒唬鐮侀噸鐢?br /> 7.鍔ㄦ佺粦瀹氬鐜版湁鎺ュ彛鐨勯噸鐢?涓撳寤鴻:涓嶈瀵瑰疄鐜扮紪紼? 瑕佸鎺ュ彛緙栫▼)
8.c++鏀寔澶氱紼嬪簭璁捐鏂規硶(緙虹偣, 浣垮緱璇█榪囦簬搴炲ぇ, 澶嶆潅)
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