锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?> 鎵歸噺涓嬭澆鍥劇墖錛堜竴鑸槸鏌愪釜鐩稿唽鐨勫浘鐗囷級 棣栧厛鍏堝緱鍒頒竴寮犲浘鐗囩殑鍦板潃濡傦細www.example.com/pic/001.jpg 鍚岀浉鍐岀殑鍥劇墖鍦板潃浼氭湁涓瀹氱殑瑙勫緥錛屽彲浠ョ敤錛?/p> 寰楀埌浜屽崄寮犲浘鐗囩殑鍦板潃鏄敤絀烘牸鍒嗗紑鐨?鍐嶇敤vim緙栬緫url鏂囦歡錛屾妸絀烘牸鏇挎崲鎴愬洖杞︼紙\r錛?/p> 鍦ㄧ敤wget鍛戒護鎵歸噺涓嬭澆錛?/p> wget鍛戒護鐨?i鍙傛暟鏄粠鎸囧畾鐨勬枃浠惰鍙栧湴鍧錛?P鍙傛暟鏄妸涓嬭澆鐨勬枃浠舵斁鍒版寚瀹氱殑璺緞涓嬨?/p> 闂錛?/p> 鐜板湪鍥劇墖鐨勫湴鍧涓鑸寰嬩笉鏄庢樉錛屼絾鍙互鐢ㄧ┓涓炬硶鏉ヤ笅杞姐?br /> man鏂囨。涓粰鍑虹殑find鍛戒護鐨勪竴鑸艦寮忎負錛?/p> find [-H] [-L] [-P] [-D debugopts] [-Olevel] [path...] [expression] 鍏跺疄[-H] [-L] [-P] [-D debugopts] [-Olevel]榪欏嚑涓夐」騫朵笉甯哥敤錛堣嚦灝戝湪鎴戠殑鏃ュ父宸ヤ綔涓紝娌℃湁鐢ㄥ埌榪囷級錛屼笂闈㈢殑find鍛戒護鐨勫父鐢ㄥ艦寮忓彲浠ョ畝鍖栦負錛?/p> find [path...] [expression] 涔熸湁浜鴻繖鏍鋒葷粨find鍛戒護鐨勭粨鏋勶細 鍦ㄤ嬌鐢╢ind鍛戒護鐨?exec閫夐」澶勭悊鍖歸厤鍒扮殑鏂囦歡鏃訛紝 find鍛戒護灝嗘墍鏈夊尮閰嶅埌鐨勬枃浠朵竴璧蜂紶閫掔粰exec鎵ц銆備絾鏈変簺緋葷粺瀵硅兘澶熶紶閫掔粰exec鐨勫懡浠ら暱搴︽湁闄愬埗錛岃繖鏍峰湪find鍛戒護榪愯鍑犲垎閽熶箣鍚庯紝灝變細鍑虹幇婧㈠嚭閿欒銆傞敊璇俊鎭氬父鏄?#8220;鍙傛暟鍒楀お闀?#8221;鎴?#8220;鍙傛暟鍒楁孩鍑?#8221;銆傝繖灝辨槸xargs鍛戒護鐨勭敤澶勬墍鍦紝鐗瑰埆鏄笌find鍛戒護涓璧蜂嬌鐢ㄣ?/p> find鍛戒護鎶婂尮閰嶅埌鐨勬枃浠朵紶閫掔粰xargs鍛戒護錛岃寈args鍛戒護姣忔鍙幏鍙栦竴閮ㄥ垎鏂囦歡鑰屼笉鏄叏閮紝涓嶅儚-exec閫夐」閭f牱銆傝繖鏍峰畠鍙互鍏堝鐞嗘渶鍏堣幏鍙栫殑涓閮ㄥ垎鏂囦歡錛岀劧鍚庢槸涓嬩竴鎵癸紝騫跺姝ょ戶緇笅鍘匯?/span> 鍦ㄦ湁浜涚郴緇熶腑錛屼嬌鐢?exec閫夐」浼氫負澶勭悊姣忎竴涓尮閰嶅埌鐨勬枃浠惰屽彂璧蜂竴涓浉搴旂殑榪涚▼錛屽茍闈炲皢鍖歸厤鍒扮殑鏂囦歡鍏ㄩ儴浣滀負鍙傛暟涓嬈℃墽琛岋紱榪欐牱鍦ㄦ湁浜涙儏鍐典笅灝變細鍑虹幇榪涚▼榪囧錛岀郴緇熸ц兘涓嬮檷鐨勯棶棰橈紝鍥犺屾晥鐜囦笉楂橈紱 鑰屼嬌鐢▁args鍛戒護鍒欏彧鏈変竴涓繘紼嬨傚彟澶栵紝鍦ㄤ嬌鐢▁args鍛戒護鏃訛紝絀剁珶鏄竴嬈¤幏鍙栨墍鏈夌殑鍙傛暟錛岃繕鏄垎鎵瑰彇寰楀弬鏁幫紝浠ュ強姣忎竴嬈¤幏鍙栧弬鏁扮殑鏁扮洰閮戒細鏍規嵁璇ュ懡浠ょ殑閫夐」鍙婄郴緇熷唴鏍鎬腑鐩稿簲鐨勫彲璋冨弬鏁版潵紜畾銆?/span> 鏉ョ湅鐪媥args鍛戒護鏄浣曞悓find鍛戒護涓璧蜂嬌鐢ㄧ殑錛屽茍緇欏嚭涓浜涗緥瀛愩傦紙綆鍗曟潵璇村氨鏄痻args鏇村畨鍏紝瀹為檯涓婂拰exec鐩稿悓浣滅敤錛?/p> find . -type f -print | xargs file 鏌ユ壘緋葷粺涓殑姣忎竴涓櫘閫氭枃浠訛紝鐒跺悗浣跨敤xargs鍛戒護鏉ユ祴璇曞畠浠垎鍒睘浜庡摢綾繪枃浠?/p> find / -name "core" -print | xargs echo "" >/tmp/core.log 鍦ㄦ暣涓郴緇熶腑鏌ユ壘鍐呭瓨淇℃伅杞偍鏂囦歡(core dump) 錛岀劧鍚庢妸緇撴灉淇濆瓨鍒?tmp/core.log 鏂囦歡涓細 find . -type f -print | xargs grep "hostname" 鐢╣rep鍛戒護鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌殑鏅氭枃浠朵腑鎼滅儲hostname榪欎釜璇?/p> find ./ -mtime +3 -print|xargs rm -f –r 鍒犻櫎3澶╀互鍓嶇殑鎵鏈変笢瑗?錛坒ind . -ctime +3 -exec rm -rf {} \;錛?/p> find ./ -size 0 | xargs rm -f & 鍒犻櫎鏂囦歡澶у皬涓洪浂鐨勬枃浠?/p> find鍛戒護閰嶅悎浣跨敤exec鍜寈args鍙互浣跨敤鎴峰鎵鍖歸厤鍒扮殑鏂囦歡鎵ц鍑犱箮鎵鏈夌殑鍛戒護銆?/p> grep (global search regular expression(RE) and print out the line,鍏ㄩ潰鎼滅儲姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓茍鎶婅鎵撳嵃鍑烘潵)鏄竴縐嶅己澶х殑鏂囨湰鎼滅儲宸ュ叿錛屽畠鑳戒嬌鐢ㄦ鍒欒〃杈懼紡鎼滅儲鏂囨湰錛屽茍鎶婂尮閰嶇殑琛屾墦鍗板嚭鏉ャ?/p> grep [OPTIONS] PATTERN [FILE...] grep鍛戒護鐢ㄤ簬鎼滅儲鐢盤attern鍙傛暟鎸囧畾鐨勬ā寮忥紝騫跺皢姣忎釜鍖歸厤鐨勮鍐欏叆鏍囧噯杈撳嚭涓傝繖浜涙ā寮忔槸鍏鋒湁闄愬畾鐨勬鍒欒〃杈懼紡錛屽畠浠嬌鐢╡d鎴杄grep鍛戒護鏍峰紡銆傚鏋滃湪File鍙傛暟涓寚瀹氫簡澶氫釜鍚嶇О錛実rep鍛戒護灝嗘樉紺哄寘鍚尮閰嶈鐨勬枃浠剁殑鍚嶇О銆傚 shell 鏈夌壒孌婂惈涔夌殑瀛楃 ($, *, [, |, ^, (, ), \ ) 鍑虹幇鍦?Pattern鍙傛暟涓椂蹇呴』甯﹀弻寮曞彿銆傚鏋?Pattern鍙傛暟涓嶆槸綆鍗曞瓧絎︿覆錛岄氬父蹇呴』鐢ㄥ崟寮曞彿灝嗘暣涓ā寮忔嫭璧鋒潵銆傚湪璇稿 [a-z], 涔嬬被鐨勮〃杈懼紡涓紝-錛堝噺鍙鳳級cml 鍙牴鎹綋鍓嶆鍦ㄦ暣鐞嗙殑搴忓垪鏉ユ寚瀹氫竴涓寖鍥淬傛暣鐞嗗簭鍒楀彲浠ュ畾涔夌瓑浠風殑綾諱互渚涘湪瀛楃鑼冨洿涓嬌鐢ㄣ傚鏋滄湭鎸囧畾浠諱綍鏂囦歡錛実rep浼氬亣瀹氫負鏍囧噯杈撳叆銆?/p> ^ 閿氬畾琛岀殑寮濮?濡傦細'^grep'鍖歸厤鎵鏈変互grep寮澶寸殑琛屻?/span> $ 閿氬畾琛岀殑緇撴潫 濡傦細'grep$'鍖歸厤鎵鏈変互grep緇撳熬鐨勮銆?/span> . 鍖歸厤涓涓潪鎹㈣絎︾殑瀛楃 濡傦細'gr.p'鍖歸厤gr鍚庢帴涓涓換鎰忓瓧絎︼紝鐒跺悗鏄痯銆?/span> * 鍖歸厤闆朵釜鎴栧涓厛鍓嶅瓧絎?濡傦細'*grep'鍖歸厤鎵鏈変竴涓垨澶氫釜絀烘牸鍚庣揣璺焔rep鐨勮銆?/span> .*涓璧風敤浠h〃浠繪剰瀛楃銆?/span> [] 鍖歸厤涓涓寚瀹氳寖鍥村唴鐨勫瓧絎︼紝濡?[Gg]rep'鍖歸厤Grep鍜実rep銆?/span> [^] 鍖歸厤涓涓笉鍦ㄦ寚瀹氳寖鍥村唴鐨勫瓧絎︼紝濡傦細'[^A-FH-Z]rep'鍖歸厤涓嶅寘鍚獳-R鍜孴-Z鐨勪竴涓瓧姣嶅紑澶達紝绱ц窡rep鐨勮銆?/span> \(..\) 鏍囪鍖歸厤瀛楃錛屽錛?\(love\)'錛宭ove琚爣璁頒負1銆?/span> \< 閿氬畾鍗曡瘝鐨勫紑濮嬶紝濡傦細'\<grep'鍖歸厤鍖呭惈浠rep寮澶寸殑鍗曡瘝鐨勮銆?/span> \> 閿氬畾鍗曡瘝鐨勭粨鏉燂紝濡?grep\>'鍖歸厤鍖呭惈浠rep緇撳熬鐨勫崟璇嶇殑琛屻?/span> x\{m\} 榪炵畫閲嶅瀛楃x錛宮嬈★紝濡傦細'o\{5\}'鍖歸厤鍖呭惈榪炵畫5涓猳鐨勮銆?/span> x\{m,\} 榪炵畫閲嶅瀛楃x,鑷沖皯m嬈★紝濡傦細'o\{5,\}'鍖歸厤鑷沖皯榪炵畫鏈?涓猳鐨勮銆?/span> x\{m,n\} 榪炵畫閲嶅瀛楃x錛岃嚦灝憁嬈★紝涓嶅浜巒嬈★紝濡傦細'o\{5,10\}'鍖歸厤榪炵畫5--10涓猳鐨勮銆?/span> \w 鍖歸厤涓涓枃瀛楀拰鏁板瓧瀛楃錛屼篃灝辨槸[A-Za-z0-9]錛屽錛?G\w*p'鍖歸厤浠鍚庤窡闆朵釜鎴栧涓枃瀛楁垨鏁板瓧瀛楃錛岀劧鍚庢槸p銆?/span> \W w鐨勫弽緗艦寮忥紝鍖歸厤涓涓潪鍗曡瘝瀛楃錛屽鐐瑰彿鍙ュ彿絳夈俓W*鍒欏彲鍖歸厤澶氫釜銆?/span> \b 鍗曡瘝閿佸畾絎︼紝濡? '\bgrep\b'鍙尮閰峠rep錛屽嵆鍙兘鏄痝rep榪欎釜鍗曡瘝錛屼袱杈瑰潎涓虹┖鏍箋?/span> -? 鍚屾椂鏄劇ず鍖歸厤琛屼笂涓嬬殑錛熻錛屽錛歡rep -2 pattern filename鍚屾椂鏄劇ず鍖歸厤琛岀殑涓婁笅2琛屻?/p> -b錛?-byte-offset 鎵撳嵃鍖歸厤琛屽墠闈㈡墦鍗拌琛屾墍鍦ㄧ殑鍧楀彿鐮併?/p> -c,--count 鍙墦鍗板尮閰嶇殑琛屾暟錛屼笉鏄劇ず鍖歸厤鐨勫唴瀹廣?/p> -f File錛?-file=File 浠庢枃浠朵腑鎻愬彇妯℃澘銆傜┖鏂囦歡涓寘鍚?涓ā鏉匡紝鎵浠ヤ粈涔堥兘涓嶅尮閰嶃?/p> -h錛?-no-filename 褰撴悳绱㈠涓枃浠舵椂錛屼笉鏄劇ず鍖歸厤鏂囦歡鍚嶅墠緙銆?/p> -i錛?-ignore-case 蹇界暐澶у皬鍐欏樊鍒?/p> -q錛?-quiet 鍙栨秷鏄劇ず錛屽彧榪斿洖閫鍑虹姸鎬併?鍒欒〃紺烘壘鍒頒簡鍖歸厤鐨勮銆?/p> -l錛?-files-with-matches 鎵撳嵃鍖歸厤妯℃澘鐨勬枃浠舵竻鍗曘?/p> -L錛?-files-without-match 鎵撳嵃涓嶅尮閰嶆ā鏉跨殑鏂囦歡娓呭崟銆?/p> -n錛?-line-number 鍦ㄥ尮閰嶇殑琛屽墠闈㈡墦鍗拌鍙楓?/p> -s錛?-silent 涓嶆樉紺哄叧浜庝笉瀛樺湪鎴栬呮棤娉曡鍙栨枃浠剁殑閿欒淇℃伅銆?/p> -v錛?-revert-match 鍙嶆绱紝鍙樉紺轟笉鍖歸厤鐨勮銆?/p> -w錛?-word-regexp 濡傛灉琚玕<鍜孿>寮曠敤錛屽氨鎶婅〃杈懼紡鍋氫負涓涓崟璇嶆悳绱€?/p> -V錛?-version 鏄劇ず杞歡鐗堟湰淇℃伅銆?/p> ===== ls -l | grep '^a' 閫氳繃綆¢亾榪囨護ls -l杈撳嚭鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鍙樉紺轟互a寮澶寸殑琛屻?/p> grep 'test' d* 鏄劇ず鎵鏈変互d寮澶寸殑鏂囦歡涓寘鍚玹est鐨勮銆?/p> grep 'test' aa bb cc 鏄劇ず鍦╝a錛宐b錛宑c鏂囦歡涓尮閰峵est鐨勮銆?/span> grep '[a-z]' aa 鏄劇ず鎵鏈夊寘鍚瘡涓瓧絎︿覆鑷沖皯鏈?涓繛緇皬鍐欏瓧絎︾殑瀛楃涓茬殑琛屻?/p> grep 'w(es)t.*' aa 濡傛灉west琚尮閰嶏紝鍒檈s灝辮瀛樺偍鍒板唴瀛樹腑錛屽茍鏍囪涓?錛岀劧鍚庢悳绱換鎰忎釜瀛楃(.*)錛岃繖浜涘瓧絎﹀悗闈㈢揣璺熺潃鍙﹀涓涓猠s()錛屾壘鍒板氨鏄劇ず璇ヨ銆傚鏋滅敤egrep鎴杇rep -E錛屽氨涓嶇敤""鍙瘋繘琛岃漿涔夛紝鐩存帴鍐欐垚'w(es)t.*'灝卞彲浠ヤ簡銆?/p> grep -i pattern files 錛氫笉鍖哄垎澶у皬鍐欏湴鎼滅儲銆傞粯璁ゆ儏鍐靛尯鍒嗗ぇ灝忓啓 grep -l pattern files 錛氬彧鍒楀嚭鍖歸厤鐨勬枃浠跺悕錛?/p> grep -L pattern files 錛氬垪鍑轟笉鍖歸厤鐨勬枃浠跺悕錛?/p> grep -w pattern files 錛氬彧鍖歸厤鏁翠釜鍗曡瘝錛岃屼笉鏄瓧絎︿覆鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎(濡傚尮閰?#8216;magic’錛岃屼笉鏄?#8216;magical’)錛?/p> grep -C number pattern files 錛氬尮閰嶇殑涓婁笅鏂囧垎鍒樉紺篬number]琛岋紝 grep pattern1 | pattern2 files 錛氭樉紺哄尮閰?pattern1 鎴?pattern2 鐨勮錛?/p> grep pattern1 files | grep pattern2 錛氭樉紺烘棦鍖歸厤 pattern1 鍙堝尮閰?pattern2 鐨勮銆?/p> 鍙傝冩枃鐚細 鏌ョ湅鏂囦歡鏉冮檺鐨勫懡浠わ細 鍦ㄧ粓绔緭鍏? ls -l xxx.xxx 錛坸xx.xxx鏄枃浠跺悕錛? 閭d箞灝變細鍑虹幇鐩哥被浼肩殑淇℃伅錛屼富瑕侀兘鏄繖浜涳細 -rw-rw-r-- 涓鍏辨湁10浣嶆暟 鍏朵腑錛?鏈鍓嶉潰閭d釜 - 浠h〃鐨勬槸綾誨瀷 涓棿閭d笁涓?rw- 浠h〃鐨勬槸鎵鏈夎咃紙user錛? 鐒跺悗閭d笁涓?rw- 浠h〃鐨勬槸緇勭兢錛坓roup錛? 鏈鍚庨偅涓変釜 r-- 浠h〃鐨勬槸鍏朵粬浜猴紙other錛? 鐒跺悗鎴戝啀瑙i噴涓涓嬪悗闈㈤偅9浣嶆暟錛? r 琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鍙互琚錛坮ead錛? w 琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鍙互琚啓錛坵rite錛? x 琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鍙互琚墽琛岋紙濡傛灉瀹冩槸紼嬪簭鐨勮瘽錛? - 琛ㄧず鐩稿簲鐨勬潈闄愯繕娌℃湁琚巿浜? 鐜板湪璇ヨ璇翠慨鏀規枃浠舵潈闄愪簡 鍦ㄧ粓绔緭鍏ワ細 chmod o+w xxx.xxx 琛ㄧず緇欏叾浠栦漢鎺堜簣鍐檟xx.xxx榪欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄? chmod go-rw xxx.xxx 琛ㄧず鍒犻櫎xxx.xxx涓粍緹ゅ拰鍏朵粬浜虹殑璇誨拰鍐欑殑鏉冮檺 鍏朵腑錛? u 浠h〃鎵鏈夎咃紙user錛? g 浠h〃鎵鏈夎呮墍鍦ㄧ殑緇勭兢錛坓roup錛? o 浠h〃鍏朵粬浜猴紝浣嗕笉鏄痷鍜実 錛坥ther錛? a 浠h〃鍏ㄩ儴鐨勪漢錛屼篃灝辨槸鍖呮嫭u錛実鍜宱 r 琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鍙互琚錛坮ead錛? w 琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鍙互琚啓錛坵rite錛? x 琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鍙互琚墽琛岋紙濡傛灉瀹冩槸紼嬪簭鐨勮瘽錛? 鍏朵腑錛歳wx涔熷彲浠ョ敤鏁板瓧鏉ヤ唬鏇? r ------------4 w -----------2 x ------------1 - ------------0 琛屽姩錛? + 琛ㄧず娣誨姞鏉冮檺 - 琛ㄧず鍒犻櫎鏉冮檺 = 琛ㄧず浣夸箣鎴愪負鍞竴鐨勬潈闄? 褰撳ぇ瀹墮兘鏄庣櫧浜嗕笂闈㈢殑涓滆タ涔嬪悗錛岄偅涔堟垜浠父瑙佺殑浠ヤ笅鐨勪竴浜涙潈闄愬氨寰堝鏄撻兘鏄庣櫧浜嗭細 -rw------- (600) 鍙湁鎵鏈夎呮墠鏈夎鍜屽啓鐨勬潈闄? -rw-r--r-- (644) 鍙湁鎵鏈夎呮墠鏈夎鍜屽啓鐨勬潈闄愶紝緇勭兢鍜屽叾浠栦漢鍙湁璇葷殑鏉冮檺 -rwx------ (700) 鍙湁鎵鏈夎呮墠鏈夎錛屽啓錛屾墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺 -rwxr-xr-x (755) 鍙湁鎵鏈夎呮墠鏈夎錛屽啓錛屾墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺錛岀粍緹ゅ拰鍏朵粬浜哄彧鏈夎鍜屾墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺 -rwx--x--x (711) 鍙湁鎵鏈夎呮墠鏈夎錛屽啓錛屾墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺錛岀粍緹ゅ拰鍏朵粬浜哄彧鏈夋墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺 -rw-rw-rw- (666) 姣忎釜浜洪兘鏈夎鍐欑殑鏉冮檺 -rwxrwxrwx (777) 姣忎釜浜洪兘鏈夎鍐欏拰鎵ц鐨勬潈闄? 1 鐢╨ivecd錛堝氨鏄痷buntu9.10 瀹夎鐩橈級榪涘幓錛屾墦寮console銆?/p> 2 鏌ョ湅紜洏鎯呭喌:sudo fdisk -l 3 鎸傝澆 鍘熷厛瀹夎鐨剈buntu9.10 鐨勫垎鍖?/p> sudo mount /dev/sda6 /mnt 4 瀹夎grub sudo grub-install --root-directory=/dev/sda6 5 鍥犻噸瑁厀indows鍚庯紝windows瀹夎鍒嗗尯鐨剈uid浼氬彉錛?鏁呰淇敼grub.cfg銆?/p> 5.1 鏌ョ湅uuid :sudo blkid /proc 鏄竴涓吉鏂囦歡緋葷粺, 琚敤浣滃唴鏍告暟鎹粨鏋勭殑鎺ュ彛, 鑰屼笉浠呬粎鏄В閲婅鏄?/dev/kmem. /proc閲岀殑澶у鏁版枃浠墮兘鏄彧璇葷殑, 浣嗕篃鍙互閫氳繃鍐欎竴浜涙枃浠舵潵鏀瑰彉鍐呮牳鍙橀噺. 涓嬮潰瀵規暣涓?/proc 鐩綍浣滀竴涓ぇ鐣ョ殑浠嬬粛.
璇鋒敞鎰?pwd 鍛戒護閫氬父鏄?shell 鍐呯疆鐨? 鍦ㄨ繖鏍風殑鎯呭喌涓嬪彲鑳藉伐浣滃緱涓嶆槸寰堝ソ.
(鑷充簬涓轟粈涔堟兂瑕佽繖涔堝仛, 璇峰弬闃?lilo(8).)
鍦?Linux 2.0 鎴栬呮洿鏃╃殑鐗堟湰涓? 瀵?exe 鐗規畩鏂囦歡鐨?readlink(2) 榪斿洖涓涓涓?font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">鏍煎紡鐨勫瓧絎︿覆:
[璁懼鍙穄:鑺傜偣鍙?
涓句釜渚嬪瓙, [0301]:1502 灝辨槸鏌愯澶囩殑 1502 鑺傜偣, 璇ヨ澶囩殑涓昏澶囧彿涓?03 (濡?IDE, MFM 絳夐┍鍔ㄥ櫒), 浠庤澶囧彿涓?01 (絎竴涓┍鍔ㄥ櫒鐨勭涓鍒嗗尯).
鑰屽湪 Linux 2.2 涓? readlink(2) 鍒欑粰鍑哄懡浠ょ殑瀹為檯璺緞鍚?
鍙﹀, 璇ョ鍙瘋繛鎺ヤ篃鍙互姝e父鏋愬紩鐢?璇曞浘鎵撳紑 exe 鏂囦歡瀹為檯涓婂皢鎵撳紑涓涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡). 浣犵敋鑷沖彲浠ラ敭鍏?/proc/[number]/exe 鏉ヨ繍琛?[number] 榪涚▼鐨勫壇鏈? 甯?-inum 閫夐」鐨?find(1) 鍛戒護鍙互瀹氫綅璇ユ枃浠? 紼嬪簭鏈夋椂鍙兘鎯寵璇誨彇涓涓枃浠跺嵈涓嶆兂瑕佹爣鍑嗚緭鍏ワ紝鎴栬呮兂鍐欏埌涓涓枃浠跺嵈涓嶆兂灝嗚緭鍑洪佸埌鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鍘伙紝閭d箞灝卞彲浠ュ緢鏈夋晥鍦扮敤濡備笅鐨勫姙娉曢獥榪?鍋囧畾 -i 鏄緭鍏ユ枃浠剁殑鏍囧織, 鑰?-o 鏄緭鍑烘枃浠剁殑鏍囧織): 鍦?UNIX 綾葷殑緋葷粺涓? /proc/self/fd/N 鍩烘湰涓婂氨涓?/dev/fd/N 鐩稿悓. 瀹為檯涓? 澶у鏁扮殑 Linux MAKEDEV 鑴氭湰閮藉皢 /dev/fd 絎﹀彿榪炴帴鍒?[..]/proc/self/fd 涓? 鏍煎紡濡備笅: address perms offset dev inode
00000000-0002f000 r-x-- 00000400 03:03 1401
0002f000-00032000 rwx-p 0002f400 03:03 1401
00032000-0005b000 rwx-p 00000000 00:00 0
60000000-60098000 rwx-p 00000400 03:03 215
60098000-600c7000 rwx-p 00000000 00:00 0
bfffa000-c0000000 rwx-p 00000000 00:00 0
address 鏄繘紼嬫墍鍗犳嵁鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿, perms 鏄潈闄愰泦: r = read
w = write
x = execute
s = shared
p = private (copy on write)
offset 鏄枃浠舵垨鑰呭埆鐨勪粈涔堢殑鍋忕Щ閲? dev 鏄澶囧彿(涓昏澶囧彿:浠庤澶囧彿), 鑰?inode 鍒欐槸璁懼鐨勮妭鐐瑰彿. 0 琛ㄦ槑娌℃湁鑺傜偣涓庡唴瀛樼浉瀵瑰簲, 灝辮薄 bss 鐨勬儏褰?
鍦?Linux 2.2 涓嬭繕澧炲姞浜嗕竴涓煙緇欏彲鐢ㄧ殑璺緞鍚?
";0"; 閫氬父鎸?libc.so.4.
鍦?linux 鍐呮牳 1.1.40 閲? /proc/*/mmap 琚彇娑堜簡. (鐜板湪鏄?鐪熺殑 搴熷純涓嶇敤浜?) 鐜板皢璇ユ枃浠墮噷鍚勫煙, 浠ュ強浠栦滑鐨?scanf(3)鏍煎紡璇存槑絎? 鎸夐『搴忓垎榪板涓?
璇ユ枃浠剁殑鎬婚暱搴︽槸鐗╃悊鍐呭瓨 (RAM) 鐨勫ぇ灝忓啀鍔犱笂 4KB. 璇ユ枃浠剁殑鍐呭鍙互鐢?dmesg(8) 鏉ュ療鐪? 1$: echo www.example.com/pic/{001..020}.jpg >url.txt1錛歴/ /\r/g01www.example.com/pic/001.jpg 02www.example.com/pic/002.jpg03www.example.com/pic/003.jpg04www.example.com/pic/004.jpg05www.example.com/pic/005.jpg06www.example.com/pic/006.jpg07www.example.com/pic/007.jpg08www.example.com/pic/008.jpg09www.example.com/pic/009.jpg10www.example.com/pic/010.jpg11www.example.com/pic/011.jpg12www.example.com/pic/012.jpg13www.example.com/pic/013.jpg14www.example.com/pic/014.jpg15www.example.com/pic/015.jpg16www.example.com/pic/016.jpg17www.example.com/pic/017.jpg18www.example.com/pic/018.jpg19www.example.com/pic/019.jpg20www.example.com/pic/020.jpg1$: wget -i url.txt -P ./Photo
]]>
find ./ -size 0 -exec rm {} \; 鍒犻櫎鏂囦歡澶у皬涓洪浂鐨勬枃浠?錛堣繕鍙互浠ヨ繖鏍峰仛錛歳m -i `find ./ -size 0` 鎴?find ./ -size 0 | xargs rm -f &錛?nbsp;
涓轟簡鐢╨s -l鍛戒護鍒楀嚭鎵鍖歸厤鍒扮殑鏂囦歡錛屽彲浠ユ妸ls -l鍛戒護鏀懼湪find鍛戒護鐨?exec閫夐」涓細find . -type f -exec ls -l { } \;
鍦?logs鐩綍涓煡鎵炬洿鏀規椂闂村湪5鏃ヤ互鍓嶇殑鏂囦歡騫跺垹闄ゅ畠浠細find /logs -type f -mtime +5 -exec rm { } \;
find . -name "*.conf" -mtime +5 -ok rm { } \; 鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇洰褰曚腑鏌ユ壘鎵鏈夋枃浠跺悕浠?LOG緇撳熬銆佹洿鏀規椂闂村湪5鏃ヤ互涓婄殑鏂囦歡錛屽茍鍒犻櫎瀹冧滑錛屽彧涓嶈繃鍦ㄥ垹闄や箣鍓嶅厛緇欏嚭鎻愮ずfind start_directory test
options
criteria_to_match
action_to_perform_on_results1.2銆乫ind鍛戒護鐨勫父鐢ㄩ夐」鍙婂疄渚?/h2>
鎸夌収鏂囦歡鍚嶆煡鎵炬枃浠躲?nbsp;
find /dir -name filename 鍦?dir鐩綍鍙婂叾瀛愮洰褰曚笅闈㈡煡鎵懼悕瀛椾負filename鐨勬枃浠?nbsp;
find . -name "*.c" 鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇洰褰曞強鍏跺瓙鐩綍錛堢敤“.”琛ㄧず錛変腑鏌ユ壘浠諱綍鎵╁睍鍚嶄負“c”鐨勬枃浠?/span>
鎸夌収鏂囦歡鏉冮檺鏉ユ煡鎵炬枃浠躲?nbsp;
find . -perm 755 –print 鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡鏉冮檺浣嶄負755鐨勬枃浠訛紝鍗蟲枃浠跺睘涓誨彲浠ヨ銆佸啓銆佹墽琛岋紝鍏朵粬鐢ㄦ埛鍙互璇匯佹墽琛岀殑鏂囦歡
浣跨敤榪欎竴閫夐」鍙互浣縡ind鍛戒護涓嶅湪褰撳墠鎸囧畾鐨勭洰褰曚腑鏌ユ壘錛屽鏋滃悓鏃朵嬌鐢?depth閫夐」錛岄偅涔?prune灝嗚find鍛戒護蹇界暐銆?nbsp;
find /apps -path "/apps/bin" -prune -o –print 鍦?apps鐩綍涓嬫煡鎵炬枃浠訛紝浣嗕笉甯屾湜鍦?apps/bin鐩綍涓嬫煡鎵?nbsp;
find /usr/sam -path "/usr/sam/dir1" -prune -o –print 鍦?usr/sam鐩綍涓嬫煡鎵句笉鍦╠ir1瀛愮洰褰曚箣鍐呯殑鎵鏈夋枃浠?/li>
鎸夌収鏂囦歡灞炰富鏉ユ煡鎵炬枃浠躲?nbsp;
find ~ -user sam –print 鍦?HOME鐩綍涓煡鎵炬枃浠跺睘涓諱負sam鐨勬枃浠?/li>
鎸夌収鏂囦歡鎵灞炵殑緇勬潵鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡銆?nbsp;
find /apps -group gem –print 鍦?apps鐩綍涓嬫煡鎵懼睘浜巊em鐢ㄦ埛緇勭殑鏂囦歡
鎸夌収鏂囦歡鐨勬洿鏀規椂闂存潵鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡錛?- n琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鏇存敼鏃墮棿璺濈幇鍦╪澶╀互鍐咃紝+ n琛ㄧず鏂囦歡鏇存敼鏃墮棿璺濈幇鍦╪澶╀互鍓嶃?nbsp;
find / -mtime -5 –print 鍦ㄧ郴緇熸牴鐩綍涓嬫煡鎵炬洿鏀規椂闂村湪5鏃ヤ互鍐呯殑鏂囦歡
find /var/adm -mtime +3 –print 鍦?var/adm鐩綍涓嬫煡鎵炬洿鏀規椂闂村湪3鏃ヤ互鍓嶇殑鏂囦歡
鏌ユ壘鏃犳湁鏁堟墍灞炵粍鐨勬枃浠訛紝鍗寵鏂囦歡鎵灞炵殑緇勫湪/etc/groups涓笉瀛樺湪銆?nbsp;
find / –nogroup -print
鏌ユ壘鏃犳湁鏁堝睘涓葷殑鏂囦歡錛屽嵆璇ユ枃浠剁殑灞炰富鍦?etc/passwd涓笉瀛樺湪銆?nbsp;
find /home -nouser –print
鏌ユ壘鏇存敼鏃墮棿姣旀枃浠秄ile1鏂頒絾姣旀枃浠秄ile2鏃х殑鏂囦歡銆?/li>
鏌ユ壘鏌愪竴綾誨瀷鐨勬枃浠訛紝璇稿錛?nbsp;
b - 鍧楄澶囨枃浠躲?nbsp;
d - 鐩綍銆?nbsp;
c - 瀛楃璁懼鏂囦歡銆?nbsp;
p - 綆¢亾鏂囦歡銆?nbsp;
l - 絎﹀彿閾炬帴鏂囦歡銆?nbsp;
f - 鏅氭枃浠躲?nbsp;
find /etc -type d –print 鍦?etc鐩綍涓嬫煡鎵炬墍鏈夌殑鐩綍
find . ! -type d –print 鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鏌ユ壘闄ょ洰褰曚互澶栫殑鎵鏈夌被鍨嬬殑鏂囦歡
find /etc -type l –print 鍦?etc鐩綍涓嬫煡鎵炬墍鏈夌殑絎﹀彿閾炬帴鏂囦歡
find . -size +1000000c –print 鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡闀垮害澶т簬1 M瀛楄妭鐨勬枃浠?nbsp;
find /home/apache -size 100c –print 鍦?home/apache鐩綍涓嬫煡鎵炬枃浠墮暱搴︽伆濂戒負100瀛楄妭鐨勬枃浠?nbsp;
find . -size +10 –print 鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鏌ユ壘闀垮害瓚呰繃10鍧楃殑鏂囦歡錛堜竴鍧楃瓑浜?12瀛楄妭錛?/li>
find / -name "CON.FILE" -depth –print 瀹冨皢棣栧厛鍖歸厤鎵鏈夌殑鏂囦歡鐒跺悗鍐嶈繘鍏ュ瓙鐩綍涓煡鎵?nbsp;
find . -name "*.XC" -mount –print 浠庡綋鍓嶇洰褰曞紑濮嬫煡鎵句綅浜庢湰鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓枃浠跺悕浠C緇撳熬鐨勬枃浠訛紙涓嶈繘鍏ュ叾浠栨枃浠剁郴緇燂級1.3銆乫ind涓巟args
2銆乬rep鍛戒護
2.1銆乬rep鍛戒護鐨勪竴鑸夐」鍙婂疄渚?/h2>
grep [OPTIONS] [-e PATTERN | -f FILE] [FILE...]2.2銆乬rep姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓厓瀛楃闆?鍩烘湰闆?
2.3銆乬rep鍛戒護鐨勫父鐢ㄩ夐」鍙婂疄渚?/h2>
]]>
==================================================================================
============================================================================
緇忚繃鏈漢鐨勪翰韜綋浼氬彈鐢紝緇堜簬鐭ラ亾浜嗘洿澶氱殑鐢ㄦ硶鍜岄渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑浜嬮」錛?br>1.濡傛灉鍚戜綋楠屽皢涓涓枃浠跺す涓嬮潰鐨勬墍鏈夌殑鏂囦歡閮芥洿鏀逛負鍙互璇誨啓鐨勮瘽錛岄偅涔堜嬌鐢╟hmod a-rw 鏂囦歡澶圭殑緇濆璺緞/*
娉ㄦ剰鍚庨潰鐨勯偅涓?琛ㄧず閫氶厤絎︼紝涔熷氨鏄嬌寰楁墍鏈夌殑鏂囦歡閮芥槸榪欎釜鏉冮檺銆備絾鏄敞鎰忥紝鏂囦歡澶圭殑璇濊繕鏄墠闈㈢殑閭f牱錛屾病鏈夋洿鏀瑰睘鎬у拰鏉冮檺錛屽鏋滈渶瑕佹洿鏀癸紝鍐嶆鏇存敼灝辨槸浜嗐?br>
2.鏉冮檺婊ョ敤鏈夊潖澶勶紝浠呭湪鏌愪簺鍦哄悎浣跨敤鍛戒護琛屾瘮杈冩柟渚匡紝鑰屼笉闇瑕佸垏鎹€?br>
鐞嗚В涓婇潰鍛戒護鐨勫惈涔夊緢鏈変綔鐢紒
]]>
5.2 淇敼grub.cfg鍏朵腑寮曞windows 閭d釜閮ㄥ垎,鏀瑰彉鍏朵腑uuid
涓嬮潰榪樻憳寮曚簡鏌愪簺浜虹殑瑙e喅鏂規錛氾紙xp涓嬮潰鐨勮В鍐籌紝涓嶈繃閮界被浼肩殑鏂規硶錛?br />
閲嶈xp鍚庯紝mbr琚玿p鍐欏叆淇℃伅瀵艱嚧grub鏃犳硶宸ヤ綔瑙e喅鏂規硶
浠嶤D-ROM鍚姩,浠嶭ive CD鍚姩榪涘叆妗岄潰銆?
鎵撳紑緇堢鎴栬呭垏鎹㈠埌涓涓猼ty錛圕trl+Alt+F1錛夈?
杈撳叆:sudo grub
杈撳叆:find /boot/grub/stage1聽聽聽聽 ##鏈変漢璇磋繖涓姝ヤ笉鐢?涓嶈繃涓漢鎰熻榪樻槸搴旇鍔犱笂榪欎竴姝?
杈撳叆:root (hd0,x)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 ##杈撳叆find鍛戒護鍙嶉鐨勬暟鎹?
杈撳叆:setup (hd0)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 ##濡傛灉鎯崇敤xp榪涜澶氱郴緇熷紩瀵煎氨鍐?hd0,x)
杈撳叆:quit聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 ##閫鍑篻rub銆?
閲嶆柊鍚姩,涓嶅嚭鎰忓鐨勮瘽,閭d箞鎭枩,鍛靛懙,鍙互鐪嬪埌XP鍜?span class="hilite1">UBUNTU鐨勫弻緋葷粺寮曞鍜痎_^
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閲嶈windows XP 鍚庢庢牱鎵懼洖Ubuntu
棣栧厛涓嬭澆GRUB for Dos
騫跺畨瑁呬笅杞紼xt3鍒嗗尯璁塊棶杞歡(鏈塃xt2Fsd 鎴杄xplore2fs)
榪愯鍚庡皢ubuntu鏍圭洰褰曚笅鐨凚oot鏂囦歡澶歸噷鍏ㄩ儴澶嶅埗鍒癈鐩?
閲嶅惎鍚庡湪寮鏈鴻彍鍗曢噷閫夋嫨GRUB灝卞彲榪涘叆ubuntu.
瑕佺偣:ubuntu linux 闇瑕丟RUB for Dos鏉ュ紩瀵鹼紝鎵浠:\BOOT.INI閲岋紝浼氭湁榪欎竴琛?
C:\GRLDR="GRUB"ext3
鍒嗗尯涓嬬殑boot鏂囦歡澶歸噷闈㈡斁浜嗗彲浠ュ紩瀵肩殑鏂囦歡,闇灝嗗叾鏀懼湪c鐩樻牴鐩綍.
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1.鐢╨ivecd錛堝己鐑堟帹鑽愶級
2.鐢ㄥ畨瑁漜d
3.浣跨敤grub4dos
4.浣跨敤grub杌熺洡
1錛屼嬌鐢╨ivecd錛堝己鐑堟帹鑽愶級
浣跨敤浠諱綍浣犲枩姝$殑linux livecd錛堟瘮濡傦紝ubuntu 6.06鐨刣esktop cd錛?
鍦ㄧ粓绔笅杈撳叆錛?
浠g爜:
sudo su
grub
浠g爜:grub>
鎺ョ潃杈撳叆錛?
浠g爜:
root (hdx,y)
setup (hdx)
璇蜂笉瑕佸畬鍏ㄧ収鏍瘋緭鍏ワ紒璇峰紕鎳傝繖浜涘懡浠ょ殑鍚箟銆?
hd琛ㄧず紜洏錛屾牸寮忔槸
(hd紜洏鍙?鍒嗗尯鍙?
浠庨浂寮濮嬭綆椼?
鎵浠ワ紙鎸夌収鏃ュ父鐨勪範鎯紝浠?寮濮嬫暟錛夛紝
(hd0,0)琛ㄧず絎竴涓‖鐩樼殑絎竴涓垎鍖猴紝
(hd0,1)琛ㄧず絎竴涓‖鐩樼殑絎?涓垎鍖猴紝
(hd1,4)琛ㄧず絎?涓‖鐩樼殑絎?涓垎鍖恒?
錛堟敞鎰忥紝linux緋葷粺閲屾槸鐢╤da1琛ㄧず絎竴涓‖鐩樼殑絎竴涓垎鍖猴紝涓嶈鎶婂畠鍜実rub涓殑琛ㄧず娣瘋搗鏉ャ傦級
root (hdx,y)榪欓噷鐨?hdx,y) 鏄?boot 鐩綍鎵鍦ㄧ殑鍒嗗尯
錛堥氬父鎯呭喌涓嬶紝涔熷氨鏄綘瑁?span class="hilite1">ubuntu緋葷粺鐨勫垎鍖猴紝闄ら潪浣犲畨瑁呯殑鏃跺欐妸/boot鍒嗗嚭鍘諱簡銆傦級
濡傛灉浣犱笉鐭ラ亾浣犳妸ubuntu瑁呭湪絎嚑涓垎鍖猴紝鍙互鍦ㄨ緭鍏oot (hd0, 鏃舵寜Tab閿潵琛ュ叏銆?
錛堝亣璁句綘鎶?span class="hilite1">ubuntu瑁呭湪絎竴鍧楃‖鐩樹笂錛夋寜浜唗ab鍚庯紝浣犲皢鐪嬪埌涓浜涙湁鍏沖悇涓垎鍖虹殑淇℃伅銆?
閫氬父浣犲彲浠ラ氳繃鍒嗗尯鐨勫ぇ灝忓拰鏍煎紡鐪嬪嚭浣犳妸ubuntu緋葷粺瑁呭湪鍝噷浜嗐?
setup (hdx) 閫氬父鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鏄痵etup (hd0)銆傦紙澶氬崐浣犳妸ubuntu瑁呭湪絎竴鍧楃‖鐩樹笂銆傦級
瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝涓嶈杈撳叆setup (hd0,0)銆傛垜鏇劇粡鐘繃榪欎釜閿欒銆?
(濡傛灉浣犳病鎶婂懡浠ゆ妱涓嬫潵錛屽嚟璁板繂鎿嶄綔鐨勮瘽錛屽彲鑳戒細鐘繖縐嶉敊璇傦級
鏈寰岋紝鐢?
浠g爜:
quit
閫鍑篻rub,閲嶅暉緋葷當銆?
濂戒簡錛屾葷粨涓涓嬬敤鍒扮殑鍛戒護
錛堝緩璁綘鎶婁笅闈㈢殑浠g爜鎶勫湪綰鎬笂銆傚鏋滀綘瀵?hdx,y)琛ㄧず鐨勫惈涔夎繕鎰熻妯$硦錛屾渶濂芥妸涓婇潰鍑犳瑙i噴涔熸妱涓嬫潵銆傦級
浠g爜:
sudo su
grub
root (hdx,y)
setup(hdx)
quit
寰堢畝鍗曞惂錛熷叧閿彧瑕佺悊瑙rub涓‖鐩樺垎鍖虹殑琛ㄧず娉曞氨琛屼簡銆?
2,浣跨敤ubuntu瀹夎cd鎭㈠
ubuntu desktop錛峜d鍙兘鐢ㄤ笉璧鋒潵銆備綘鍙兘闇瑕?.10鐨刟lternative cd銆?
1. 鐢?Ubuntu 瀹夎 CD 寮鏈?
2. 鍦?"boot:" 鎻愮ず鍙峰嚭鐜版椂, 閿叆 "rescue" 褰撲綔寮鏈哄弬鏁?
boot: rescue
3. 欏虹潃灞忓箷涓婄殑鎸囩ず璺熺潃浣?
4錛屼緥濡?鍋囪 /boot 紓佺鍒嗗尯浣嶅湪 /dev/hda
浠g爜:
#grub-install /dev/hda
涓嬮潰鏄彟澶栦竴縐嶆柟娉曘俧irehare 鍐欓亾:
1. 鍚姩緋葷粺鍒?Ubuntu 瀹夎CD
2. 娌跨潃灞忓箷涓婄殑鍛戒護鐩村埌 (鍗冧竾涓嶈瓚呰繃榪欎竴姝?
[!!] Fdisk disks
3. 鎸?'Ctrl + Alt + F2'
4. 鎸?'Enter' 榪涘叆緇堢
5.
~ # mkdir /ubuntu
~ # fdisk -l /dev/discs/disc0/disc
~ # mount <浣犵殑Ubuntu鏍硅澶囨墍鍦ㄤ綅緗?gt; /ubuntu/
~ # chroot /ubuntu/sh-2.05b#
6. 鍋囪 /dev/hda1 鏄?/boot 鍒嗗尯鐨勫湴鍧
7. sh-2.05b# grub
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit
1. 鐢?Ubuntu 瀹夎 CD 寮鏈?
2. 鍦?"boot:" 鎻愮ず鍙峰嚭鐜版椂, 閿叆 "rescue" 褰撲綔寮鏈哄弬鏁?
boot: rescue
3. 欏虹潃灞忓箷涓婄殑鎸囩ず璺熺潃浣?
4錛屼緥濡?鍋囪 /boot 紓佺鍒嗗尯浣嶅湪 /dev/hda
浠g爜:
#grub-install /dev/hda
3,浣跨敤 grub for dos
鍦ㄦ矑鏈?span class="hilite1">ubuntu瀹夎鐩ゆ垨livecd鐨勬儏娉佷笅錛屼綘鍙互浣跨敤grub4dos閲嶆柊瀹夎grub銆?
浣犵敋鑷沖彲浠ョ敤grub4dos浠f浛grub渚嗗紩灝庣郴緄便?
3.1浣跨敤grub4dos閲嶆柊瀹夎grub
涓嬭級http://www.ubuntu.org.cn/download/installformharddisk/grldr
oneleaf 鍐欓亾:灝?grldr 澶嶅埗鍒?C:\,緙栬緫C:\BOOT.INI錛屽姞鍏ヤ竴琛?
C:\GRLDR="GRUB"
鍐嶆墜宸ヨ緭鍏ュ惎鍔ㄥ懡浠?
渚嬪:root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-686 root=/dev/hdb5 ro quiet splash
initrd /initrd.img-2.6.10-5-686
savedefault
boot
榪涘叆鍚庯紝閲嶆柊瀹夎grub灝卞ソ浜嗐?
閲嶆柊瀹夎grub:
渚嬪 鍋囪 /boot 紓佺鍒嗗尯浣嶅湪 /dev/hda
浠g爜:
# grub-install /dev/hda
3.2鐢╣rub4dos浠f浛grub渚嗗紩灝庣郴緄?
yonsan 鍐欓亾:
(鍑蹇嗗啓鐨?濡傛湁涓嶅畬鍠勮鎸囨)
濡傛灉浣犵殑緋葷粺鐜板湪姝e湪浣跨敤grub寮曞鏂瑰紡,璇峰湪鎿嶄綔涔嬪墠鏌ョ湅涓涓?boot/grub/menu.lst鐨勫唴瀹?
寤鴻灝?boot/grub/menu.lst鎷瘋礉涓浠戒互澶囩敤(灝嗗畠鎷峰埌fat32鍒嗗尯涓瓨鏀懼氨鍙互)!榪涘叆window鐜涓?
1) 涓嬭澆grub020p.zip騫惰В鍘嬪埌C鐩樻牴鐩綍涓?鎵撳紑C鐩樻煡鐪嬩竴涓嬫槸鍚︽湁浠ヤ笅鏂囦歡
C:\boot (鏂囦歡澶?
C:\ChangeLog.txt
C:\compile
C:\COPYING
C:\grldr
C:\grub4lin
C:\grub-0.95-patch1-startups
C:\grub-0.95-patch2-findroot
C:\grub-0.95-patch3-ntfs
C:\grub-0.95-patch4-emulation
C:\grub-0.95-patch5-splash
C:\grub-0.95-patch6-scdrom
C:\grub-0.95-patch7-bioscdrom
C:\grub.exe
C:\grub.pif
C:\README.txt
C:\robin.xpm.gz
C:\scratchpad.txt
2) 淇敼C:\boot\grub\menu.lst ,鐢ㄤ綘鍒氭墠浠巐inux緋葷粺涓嫹璐濈殑menu.lst瑕嗙洊C:\boot\grub\menu.lst
3) 榪涘叆grub鍛戒護琛屾柟寮?(鍑虹幇grub寮曞鑿滃崟鏃舵寜c閿?
> root (hd0,0)
> setup (hd0)
4) 閲嶅惎璁$畻鏈?
4.浣跨敤grub杌熺洡寰堢啊鍠紝鍙鐢╣rub杌熺洡鍟熷嫊鏈哄櫒灝辮浜嗐?
濡備綍鍒朵綔grub杌熺洡錛?
濡傛灉浣犳矑鍋氶亷grub杌熺洡錛屾兂鍦ㄧ敤瀹夎cd鎭㈠鐨勬檪鍊欓爢渚垮仛涓鍊嬶紝閭e氨瑭﹁│涓嬮潰閫欏嬶細
youngong 鍐欓亾:
鐢ㄥ畨瑁匔D鍚姩鐢佃剳錛岃緭鍏escue鍥炶濺
鍚姩鍚庢墽琛?grub- install /dev/hda3"閲嶆柊瀹夎grub鍒?span class="hilite1">ubuntu鍒嗗尯涓?
鍐嶇敤"grub-install /dev/fd0"鍒朵綔涓寮犲惎鍔ㄨ蔣鐩?
(濡傛灉浣犳墦綆楀皢grub瀹夎鍦∕BR涓婂彲灝辨洿綆鍗曚簡錛屽彧闇瑕乬rub-install /dev/hda)銆?
鍐嶇敤鍒氭墠鍒朵綔鐨勮蔣鐩橀噸鍚數鑴戯紝灝卞彲浠ヨ繘鍏?span class="hilite1">ubuntu linux浜嗐?
涓轟簡榪樺師鎴戝師鏉ョ殑NT Loader鍚姩linux鐨勬柟寮忥紝鍐嶆彁鍙杊da3鍒嗗尯鐨勫紩瀵艱褰?
鍗斥渄d if=/dev/hda3 of=/linux.lnx bs=512 count=1",
騫跺皢鐢熸垚鐨刲inux.lnx鏂囦歡澶嶅埗鍒癈鍖烘牴鐩綍涓嬶紝
淇敼boot.ini鍔犲叆鈥渃:\linux.lnx=Ubuntu linux 5.04"錛?
灝卞彲浠ュ湪紜洏寮曞鏃墮夋嫨鍚姩ubuntu浜嗐?
鍏跺疄鏁翠釜榪囩▼涓埗浣滃紩瀵艱蔣鐩樺彧璧蜂簡涓繃娓′綔鐢紝浣嗗悓鏃朵篃鏂逛究浠ュ悗緇存姢緋葷粺銆?
zhan 鍐欓亾:
浠婂ぉ閲嶈浜唚indows緋葷粺,灝嗗師鏉ョ殑xp瑁呬負2003
瑁呭畬鍚庣敤ubuntu鐨勫畨瑁呯洏grub-install /dev/hda 灝唋inux鎭㈠浜?
浣嗘槸鍚姩鏃跺彧鏈変竴涓獁inxp鐨勯夐」,榪涘叆鏃惰涓嶈兘璇嗗埆鏂囦歡緋葷粺,涓嶈兘鍚姩
鐒跺悗鍑虹幇涓涓狦RUB 灝卞仠浣忎簡錛屼笉榪噇inux緋葷粺鏄繕鍙互鐢?
鍚勪綅澶т緺鏈夋病鏈変粈涔堝ソ鍔炴硶,鎴戜笉鎯沖啀閲嶈浜?!
鍚姩win鏃剁殑鏄劇ず瑙佷笅:
Booting 'microsoft windows xp professional'
root (hd0,0)
Filesystem type unkown ,partition type 0x7
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader+1
GRUB
鍒拌繖閲屽氨涓嶅姩浜?鎸夐敭鍩烘湰閮芥病鐢?涓嶈繃,ctrl+alt+delete鑳介噸鍚?
yonsan 鍐欓亾:
鐢ㄤ互涓嬫柟寮忓紩瀵紈indows
浠g爜:
# Windows
title Windows
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
chainloader +1
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閲嶈Windows鍚?鏃犳硶榪涘叆ubuntu 鐨勪慨澶嶆柟娉?
濡傛灉浣犵殑鐢佃剳鏄疻in鍜?span class="hilite1">Ubuntu鍙岀郴緇熺殑錛屽彲鑳戒細閬囧埌榪欐牱鐨勯棶棰樸?
灝辨槸閲嶈Win涔嬪悗灝嗘棤娉曡繘鍏?span class="hilite1">Ubuntu浜嗐備竴鑸儏鍐典笅閬囧埌榪欐牱鐨勯棶棰橈紝鎴戜滑鏈変袱縐嶆柟娉曡В鍐籌紒
鏈綆鍗曠殑鏂規硶錛?
1.鍒╃敤鍙﹀鐨勪竴涓狶iveCD鐩樿繘鍏ュ悗鎶婃墍鏈夌殑鐩橀兘鎸傝澆銆?
2.鎷瘋礉鍘?span class="hilite1">Ubuntu涓嬬殑/boot/grub鍒癢in鐨凜鐩樸?
3.淇敼Win鐨凜鐩橀噷鐨刡oot.ini鏂囦歡銆傚畠鍙兘闅愯棌鍜屽彧璇?闇瑕佽嚜宸辨敼涓嬪睘鎬э紒
4.鍦ㄨ繖涓枃浠舵渶鍚庡姞鍏ヤ竴鍙:\grldr=ubuntu
5.閲嶅惎閫夋嫨Ubuntu銆?
絎簩縐嶆柟娉曪細
娉ㄦ剰姝ょ鏂規硶鍙兘鍦ㄩ噸瑁匴IN涔嬪墠鍒?span class="hilite1">Ubuntu涓嬫搷浣滐紒錛侊紒
棣栧厛紜畾浣犵殑grub姝e父錛屽茍鑳藉惎鍔╨inux
鐒跺悗鍚姩鍒?span class="hilite1">Ubuntu濡傛灉浣犵殑鏄疘DE紜洏
璇瘋繍琛岋細
sudo dd if=/dev/hda of=/media/linux.lnx bs=512 count=1
濡傛灉浣犵‖鐩樼殑琚瘑鍒負sda 錛岃榪愯
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/media/linux.lnx bs=512 count=1
鐒跺悗浣犲彲浠ュ埌/media鎵懼埌linux.lnx榪欎釜鏂囦歡
灝嗗畠鎷瘋礉鍒頒綘鐨剋in鏍圭洰褰曪紝涓鑸槸C錛歕鐒跺悗閲嶅惎Win錛屼慨鏀規牴鐩綍涓嬬殑boot.ini 鏂囦歡銆?
鍦ㄨ繖涓枃浠舵渶鍚庡鍔狅細
C:\linux.lnx=鈥漧inux
OK錛岄噸鍚紝閫夋嫨Ubuntu鍚с?
娉ㄦ剰錛氫綘闇瑕佸皢榪欎釜鏂囦歡澶囦喚錛屽彲浠ュ浠藉埌緗戠粶紜洏鎴栬匲鐩樺唴銆?
榪欐牱浣犻噸瑁匴in涔嬪悗錛屽彧闇瑕佸皢榪欎釜鏂囦歡鎷瘋礉鍒癢in鐨勬牴鐩綍錛屼慨鏀筨oot.ini 灝卞彲浠ヤ簡錛?
鎬葷粨錛氱浉姣旇緝鑰岃█錛岀涓縐嶆柟娉曟洿綆鍗曚竴鐐癸紝浣嗘槸鎴戣寰楃浜岀鏂規硶鏇翠竴鍔蟲案閫搞?
褰撶劧錛屼綘鍙互閫夋嫨鍒╃敤閲嶈grub鏉ユ仮澶嶅Ubuntu鐨勫紩瀵箋備絾鏄垜涓嶈寰楅偅瀵逛簬鏂版墜浼氱畝鍗曪紒
鎰熻阿鎻愪緵榪欎袱縐嶆柟娉曠殑sun391鍜宔njoyforfun
------------------浠ヤ笂鍐呭杞嚜鏌愪釜緗戦〉------------------------------------
琛ュ厖錛?鐢℅hostXP鐨勫畨瑁呯洏瀹夎Windows 鍙兘涓嶅瓨鍦ㄨ繖涓棶棰橈紙鑷沖皯鏈漢鐢ㄦ繁搴︾櫧閲戠弽钘忕増5.7.1鏄繖鏍風殑錛?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
褰撴垜浠殑鑴嗗急鐨刉indows瀹氭湡鐦棯錛屾棤娉曚慨澶嶅彧鑳介噸鏂板畨瑁呯殑灝村艾鏃跺埢錛屾垜浠彂鐜扳滈湼閬撯濈殑Windows 鍦ㄥ畨瑁呮椂涓濇娌℃湁欏懼強鍦ㄧ‖鐩樼殑MBR涓婅繕瀛樺湪鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨勫紩瀵肩▼搴忥紙grub錛夛紝鐩存帴鍒犻櫎錛屽彧鍐欏叆Windows鐨勫紩瀵間俊鎭?
涓嶇寰蔣榪欐牱鏄笉鏄湁鎰忚屼負錛岃繖閮界湅鍑篧indows鐨勯檵涔犲拰寰蔣鐨勫己鐩楄寰勩傛垜浠庝箞鍔烇紝鏀懼純Windows錛熶絾鏄垜浠繕瑕佹垜浠績鐖辯殑娓告垙錛屽弽姝indows宸茬粡鏄垜紜洏涓婄殑涓涓洜涓烘父鎴忚繕瀛樺湪鐨勯檮灞炵郴緇燂紝鎴戜滑蹇嶄簡銆?
鍙戞壃Linux浜虹殑DIY綺劇錛屾垜浠嚜宸卞姩鎵嬫壘鍥炰涪澶辯殑Linux寮曞紼嬪簭銆?
1錛屼嬌鐢?span class="hilite1">Ubuntu live鍏崇洏寮曞榪涘叆 Ubuntu live 妯″紡
2錛屽湪Ubuntu涓繍琛岀粓绔紝鎵ц涓嬪垪鍛戒護錛?
$sudo grub
鍏跺疄錛実rub涓嶄粎鍙湪鎴戜滑寮曞鏃跺欏嚭鐜板湪鎴戜滑鐪煎墠錛屾垜浠鉤鏃朵篃鍙互鐩存帴榪愯grub鍛戒護榪涘叆妯℃嫙grub寮曞紼嬪簭銆?
3錛屼箣鍚庯紝鎴戜滑鍦╣rub 鍛戒護琛屾ā寮忎笅鎺ョ潃鎵ц
root (hdx,y)
娉ㄦ剰錛氬叾涓瓁涓虹‖鐩樺彿錛屾暟瀛?鈥?0 鈥濇寚鎴戜滑鏈哄櫒涓婄殑絎竴鍧楃‖鐩橈紝grub鐨勬帓鍒楅『搴忔槸浠?鈥?0
鈥濆紑濮嬬殑銆傚悓鐞嗭紝濡傛灉浣犵殑緋葷粺鍦ㄧ浜屼釜紜洏涓婂垯鏄?錛屼緷嬈$被鎺ㄣ傚彟澶栵紝鍏朵腑鐨勨?y 鈥濊〃紺哄墠闈㈡墍鎸囩‖鐩樼殑 /boot
鎵鍦ㄥ垎鍖哄彿錛屽鏋滃疄鍦ㄤ笉鐭ラ亾錛屽悗闈俊鎭庝箞濉紝浣犲彲浠ュ湪杈撳叆閫楀彿鍚庢寜Tab閿紝榪欐牱鍙垪鍑虹‖鐩樼殑鍒嗗尯淇℃伅銆?
4錛屽畨瑁?grub 錛屾墽琛屽懡浠わ細
setup (hdx)
setup (hdx)灝辨槸鎶奊RUB鍐欏埌"x"紜洏鐨凪BR涓娿傚鏋滄垚鍔熶細鏈変竴涓猻uccessful......
5錛屽畨鎴愬畨瑁呭悗錛岄鍑?grub 銆?
quit
6錛岄噸鍚満鍣紝閲嶆柊寮曞Linux銆?
$sudo reboot
澶囨敞錛氬叾瀹烇紝褰撴垜浠畨瑁呭畬姣昰rub涔嬪悗錛岃繕闇瑕佹鏌?grub 鐨勯厤緗枃浠朵俊鎭槸鍚︽紜紝鏂規硶鏄湪 Ubuntu live 妯″紡涓嬪埄鐢?mount 鍛戒護鍔犺澆鍘熸潵ubuntu 鐨勫垎鍖猴紝鍦ㄥ師 /boot 鐩綍涓嬬殑 grub/menu1.st 鏂囦歡涓殑淇℃伅銆?/span>
]]>
/sys/module
/proc/modules
/sys/module
鏄竴涓?sysfs 鐩綍灞傛, 鍖呭惈褰撳墠鍔犺澆妯″潡鐨勪俊鎭? /proc/moudles 鏄棫寮忕殑, 閭g淇℃伅鐨勫崟涓枃浠剁増鏈?
鍏朵腑鐨勬潯鐩寘鍚簡妯″潡鍚? 姣忎釜妯″潡鍗犵敤鐨勫唴瀛樻暟閲? 浠ュ強浣跨敤璁℃暟. 鍙﹀鐨勫瓧涓茶拷鍔犲埌姣忚鐨勬湯灝炬潵鎸囧畾鏍囧織, 瀵硅繖涓ā鍧楀綋鍓嶆槸媧誨姩鐨?
wugang@wugang-desktop:~$ cat /proc/modules
book 3200 0 - Live 0xe042e000
hello 2560 0 - Live 0xe02c3000
i915 32512 2 - Live 0xe0417000
鍏朵腑 book(妯″潡鍚?聽聽 3200鏄ā鍧楀崰鐢ㄥ唴瀛樼殑澶у皬銆偮犅?0鏄ā鍧楀姞杞借鏁奧犅?Live琛ㄧず妯″潡鍙敤
0xe042e000 鑲畾鏄ā鍧楃殑璧峰鍦板潃銆?br />
鍦?sys/modules妯″潡鐨勪俊鎭?鏂扮増)
鏉ヨ嚜鍐呮牳婧愮爜鐩綍鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠? 鎻忚堪涓涓ā鍧椾負涔嬪緩绔嬬殑鐜.
wugang@wugang-desktop:~$ cd /sys/module/book
wugang@wugang-desktop:/sys/module/book$ ls
holders聽 initstate聽 notes聽 parameters聽 refcnt聽 sections聽 srcversion
holders聽 鎸佹湁浜猴紝鏄啓鏈ā鍧楃殑浜恒備絾鏄洰褰曚負絀恒?br />initstate聽 璁板綍妯″潡媧誨姩
notes聽聽 鏆備笖娌℃湁鏌ュ埌錛屽ソ鍍忔槸鏃ヨ錛屾湁涓殣钘忔枃浠訛紝鍙兘灝辨槸璁板綍鏈ā鍧楃殑淇℃伅 錛?br />parameters聽 浣跨敤鐨勫彉閲?br />refcnt聽聽 妯″潡鐨勫姞杞借鏁?br />wugang@wugang-desktop:/sys/module/book/sections$ ls
__param聽 __versions
鍏朵腑sections鐩綍涓紝 __param鏄弬鏁拌搗濮嬪湴鍧銆?br />鑰宻ections鐩綍涓紝__versions聽聽 濂藉儚鍜岀増鏈湁鍏?錛?br />榪欎袱涓弬鏁板拰鍦板潃鏈夊叧銆?br />srcversion聽聽聽 BDF6D850ED985425407E440聽聽聽聽 妯″潡鐗堟湰鍙?鍍忔ā鍧楃殑ID涓鏍?br />
鎵撳紑/proc/kallsyms鐩綍涓嬫枃浠墮兘鏄?瀛楄妭錛屼笖鎵撳紑涓虹┖鐧戒俊鎭?br />浣嗘槸鐢╟at鍛戒護錛屽彲浠ユ煡鐪嬪嚭閲岄潰鐨勪俊鎭?br />鏈鍚庣炕涔︼紝鎿嶄綔緋葷粺榪愯鏃訛紝榪涚▼鍙婂唴鏍鎬俊鎭?cpu,紜洏鍒嗗尯錛屽唴瀛樹俊鎭?瀛樻斁鍦ㄨ繖閲屻?br />/proc鐩綍涓轟吉鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛宲roc騫朵笉鏄湡姝g殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛屽畠瀛樺湪浜庡唴瀛樹腑銆?br />鑰屼笖/sys涔熸槸瀛樺湪鍐呭瓨涓?br />-r--------聽聽 1 root聽聽聽聽聽聽 root聽聽聽聽聽聽 528420864 2008-07-17 21:25 kcore
鎴戞満瀛愪笂鐨勶紝/proc鏂囦歡鐩綍澶у皬鍑犱箮鍏ㄩ儴闆嗕腑鍦ㄩ偅涓枃浠朵腑銆?br />涓旀棤娉曠敤鍛戒護鏌ョ湅鍏朵腑鐨勪俊鎭?
/proc
鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄竴縐嶇壒孌婄殑銆佺敱紼嬪簭鍒涘緩鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇燂紝鍐呮牳浣跨敤瀹冨悜澶栫晫杈撳嚭淇℃伅銆?proc
涓嬮潰鐨勬瘡涓枃浠墮兘緇戝畾浜庝竴涓唴鏍稿嚱鏁幫紝榪欎釜鍑芥暟鍦ㄦ枃浠惰璇誨彇鏃訛紝鍔ㄦ佸湴鐢熸垚鏂囦歡鐨?鍐呭",渚嬪錛?proc/modules
鍒楀嚭鐨勬槸褰撳墠杞藉叆妯″潡鐨勫垪琛ㄣ傝繖鏍峰彲浠ュ姩鎬佽闂叾涓繘紼嬪拰鍐呮牳淇℃伅銆?br />
Linux緋葷粺瀵?proc鐨勪嬌鐢ㄥ緢棰戠箒銆傜幇浠inux緋葷粺涓殑寰?
澶氬伐鍏烽兘鏄氳繃 /proc 鏉ヨ幏鍙栧畠浠殑淇℃伅錛屼緥濡?ps銆乼op 鍜?uptime銆傛湁浜涜澶囬┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忎篃閫氳繃 /proc
杈撳嚭淇℃伅錛屼綘鐨勯┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忓綋鐒朵篃鍙互榪欎箞鍋氥傚洜涓?/proc 鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄姩鎬佺殑錛屾墍浠ラ┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忔ā鍧楀彲浠ュ湪浠諱綍鏃跺欐坊鍔犳垨鍒犻櫎鍏朵腑鐨勬枃浠墮」銆?br />
鐗瑰緛瀹屽叏鐨?/proc 鏂囦歡欏圭浉褰撳鏉傦紱鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌殑榪欎簺鐗瑰緛褰撲腑錛屾湁涓鐐硅鎸囧嚭鐨勬槸錛岃繖浜?/proc 鏂囦歡涓嶄粎鍙互鐢ㄤ簬璇誨嚭鏁版嵁錛屼篃鍙互鐢ㄤ簬鍐欏叆鏁版嵁銆備笉榪囷紝澶у鏁版椂鍊欙紝/proc 鏂囦歡欏規槸鍙鏂囦歡銆?br />
娉細錛婅〃紺烘垜涓嶇‘瀹氱殑闂錛屾湁闂璇峰弬鑰兟?module.h婧愪唬鐮併?/font>
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=============================================================================
cd /proc/20/cwd; /bin/pwd
(cat /proc/1/environ; echo) | tr ";\000"; ";\n";
foobar -i /proc/self/fd/0 -o /proc/self/fd/1 ...
榪欐牱灝辨槸涓涓兘榪愯漿鐨勮繃婊ゅ櫒. 璇鋒敞鎰忚鏂規硶涓嶈兘鐢ㄦ潵鍦ㄦ枃浠墮噷鎼滅儲, 榪欐槸鍥犱負 fd 鐩綍閲岀殑鏂囦歡鏄笉鍙悳绱㈢殑.
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