锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>日韩一级精品视频在线观看,怡红院av一区二区三区,国产精品免费视频观看http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/category/11064.htmlzh-cnFri, 30 Sep 2011 09:10:47 GMTFri, 30 Sep 2011 09:10:47 GMT60Shell鑴氭湰鍩烘湰鍐呭http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/03/11/109440.html榪滈榪滈Thu, 11 Mar 2010 09:01:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/03/11/109440.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/109440.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/03/11/109440.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/109440.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/109440.html#!/bin/bash
#鑴氭湰鐢ㄩ旓細
#鍒涘緩鏃ユ湡錛?br>#Written by someone
姝f枃......

鍦╯hell涓紝鎵鏈夋病鏈夊0鏄庣殑鍙橀噺閮介粯璁ゆ槸鍛堢幇瀛楃涓插艦寮忥紝鎵浠ar=5*7;$var灝辨垚涓哄瓧絎︿覆褰㈠紡"5*7"錛岃屼笉浼氳繘琛屼換浣曠畻鏈繍綆椼傚0鏄庡彉閲忎嬌鐢╠eclare鎸囦護銆?br>delcare [-afirx] var=...
-a 瀹氫箟涓烘暟緇?br>-f 瀹氫箟涓哄嚱鏁?br>-i 瀹氫箟涓烘暣鏁?br>-r 瀹氫箟涓哄彧璇?nbsp;
-x 瀹氫箟涓洪氳繃鐜杈撳嚭鍙橀噺

read name
read鐨勫姛鑳芥槸灝嗙敤鎴峰湪閿洏涓婅緭鍏ョ殑鍐呭鏀懼埌鍙橀噺name涓?br>read name < file鐨勫艦寮忛氳繃閲嶅畾鍚戞敼鍙樹簡杈撳叆婧愪負file銆?br>
鑴氭湰鐨勫弬鏁頒唬鍙鳳細
$0 鑴氭湰鐨勬枃浠跺悕
$1 絎竴涓檮鍔犲弬鏁?br>$2 絎簩涓檮鍔犲弬鏁?br>$3 ......
$# 浼犻掔粰鑴氭湰鐨勫弬鏁頒釜鏁?br>$@ 浼犻掔粰鑴氭湰鐨勬墍鏈夊弬鏁?br>$$ 鑴氭湰鐨勮繘紼嬪彿錛岄氬父鐢ㄥ畠鏉ョ敓鎴愬敮涓鐨勪復鏃舵枃浠訛細/tmp/tmpfile_$$

閫昏緫鍒ゆ柇寮忥細

鍏充簬鏂囦歡涓庣洰褰曠殑閫昏緫鍒ゆ柇錛屾牸寮忔槸-×× file鎴栬? -×× file錛堟敞鎰?鍜?xx鍜宖ile涔嬮棿鏈夌┖鏍鹼級
-f 媯嫻嬫枃浠舵槸鍚﹀瓨鍦?br>-d 灝嗘祴鐩綍鏄惁瀛樺湪
-b 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負block鏂囦歡
-c 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負character鏂囦歡
-L 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負絎﹀彿閾炬帴鏂囦歡
-S 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負socket鏍囩鏂囦歡
-e 媯嫻嬫煇涓笢瑗挎槸鍚﹀瓨鍦紝鍙互鏄換浣曚笢瑗?br>
鍏充簬紼嬪簭鐨勯昏緫鍒ゆ柇錛屾牸寮忔槸-×× proc
-G 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︾敱GID鎵鎵ц鐨勭▼搴忔嫢鏈?br>-O 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︾敱UID鎵鎵ц鐨勭▼搴忔嫢鏈?br>
鍏充簬鏂囦歡鐨勫睘鎬ф嫻嬶紝鏍煎紡鏄?×× file
-r 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負鍙灞炴?br>-w 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負鍙啓灞炴?br>-x 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負鍙墽琛屽睘鎬?br>-s 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負闈炵┖鐧芥枃浠?br>-u 媯嫻嬫槸鍚﹀叿鏈塖UID灞炴?br>-g 媯嫻嬫槸鍚﹀叿鏈塖GID灞炴?br>-k 媯嫻嬫槸鍚﹀叿鏈塻ticky bit灞炴?br>
涓や釜鏂囦歡鐨勫垽鏂笌姣旇緝錛屾牸寮忔槸file1 -×× file2
-nt 絎竴涓枃浠舵瘮絎簩涓枃浠舵柊
-ot 絎竴涓枃浠舵瘮絎簩涓枃浠舵棫
-ef 絎竴涓枃浠跺拰絎簩涓枃浠朵負鍚屼竴涓枃浠訛紙璇稿閾炬帴鏂囦歡錛?br>
閫昏緫涓庛侀昏緫鎴?br>&& 閫昏緫涓?br>|| 閫昏緫鎴?br>
榪愮畻絎︼細
-eq 絳変簬
-ne 涓嶇瓑浜?br>-lt 灝忎簬
-gt 澶т簬
-le 灝忎簬鎴栫瓑浜?br>-ge 澶т簬鎴栫瓑浜?br>-a 鍙屾柟閮芥垚绔嬶紙and錛?br>-o 鍗曟柟鎴愮珛錛坥r錛?br>
瀛楃涓叉瘮杈冿細
= 涓や釜瀛楃涓茬浉鍚?br>!= 涓や釜瀛楃涓蹭笉鍚?br>-z 絀哄瓧絎︿覆
-n 闈炵┖瀛楃涓?br>
鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇錛?br>if [鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇1] &&/|| [鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇2]; then
  ……
elif [鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇1] &&/|| [鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇4]; then
  ……
else
  ……
fi
娉ㄦ剰錛氬湪[]涓紝鍙兘鏈変竴涓垽鏂紡錛涘湪[]涓嶽]涔嬮棿錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?amp;&鎴栬厊|緇撳悎鍒ゆ柇寮忥紱[]涓瘡涓涓嫭绔嬬殑緇勪歡涔嬮棿闇瑕佺敤絀烘牸閿殧寮錛岃繖涓鐐瑰挨鍏惰娉ㄦ剰錛屽叾涓粍浠舵槸鎸嘯銆乚銆佸彉閲忋佽繍綆楃鍙峰拰瀛楃涓層佸肩瓑銆備緥濡傦細
if [ "$var" = "yes" ]; then

case var in
鏂瑰紡涓 | 鏂瑰紡×)
  紼嬪簭孌?br>  ;;
鏂瑰紡浜?| 鏂瑰紡×)
  紼嬪簭孌?br>  ;;
*)
  echo "Usage {鏂瑰紡涓|鏂瑰紡浜寎" 
  exit 1
esac
 
寰幆錛?br>for((鏉′歡1;鏉′歡2;鏉′歡3))
do
 紼嬪簭孌?br>done

for var in var_list     //var_list鏄互絀烘牸閿垎寮鐨勯夋嫨欏癸紝澶氫負瀛楃涓詫紝渚嬪for var in yes no other鎴栬協or var in "yes" "no" "other"
do
 紼嬪簭孌?br>done
鐪嬩笅闈竴孌佃剼鏈▼搴忥紝璇ョ▼搴忔紨紺轟簡$(command)鐨勭敤娉曪紝for鍛戒護鐨勫弬鏁版潵鑷?()涓殑鍛戒護鐨勭粨鏋滐細
for file in $(ls *.sh)
do
 lpr $file
done

while [鏉′歡]
do
 紼嬪簭孌?br>done

until [鏉′歡]
do 
 紼嬪簭孌?br>done

璋冭瘯鑴氭湰錛?br>sh [-nvx] scripts
-n 涓嶆墽琛岃剼鏈紝鏌ヨ鑴氭湰鍐呯殑璇硶錛岃嫢鏈夐敊璇垯鍒楀嚭
-v 鍦ㄦ墽琛岃剼鏈箣鍓嶏紝鍏堝皢鑴氭湰鐨勫唴瀹規樉紺哄湪灞忓箷涓?br>-x 灝嗙敤鍒扮殑鑴氭湰鍐呭鏄劇ず鍦ㄥ睆騫曚笂錛屼笌-v紼嶅井涓嶅悓

娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.鍦ㄦ潯浠跺垽鏂椂涓鑸嬌鐢?$var"鐨勫艦寮忥紝榪欐槸涓轟簡闃叉鍑虹幇var涓虹┖鐨勬儏鍐碉紝渚嬪錛歩f [ $var = "yes" ]涓紝濡傛灉var涓虹┖錛岄偅涔堜細鍑虹幇if [ = "yes" ]鐨勬儏鍐碉紝榪欐槸涓嶅悎娉曠殑錛岃宨f [ "$var" = "yes"]鍒欎笉浼氬嚭鐜拌闂銆?br>



榪滈 2010-03-11 17:01 鍙戣〃璇勮
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榪涚▼鍦ㄥ墠鍙頒笌鍚庡彴涔嬮棿鍒囨崲http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/02/01/106948.html榪滈榪滈Mon, 01 Feb 2010 08:30:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/02/01/106948.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/106948.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/02/01/106948.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/106948.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/106948.html
鍓嶅彴杞叆鍚庡彴

絎竴縐嶏紝鍦ㄨ榪愯鐨勫懡浠ゅ悗闈㈠姞涓?amp;錛屽懡浠よ嚜鍔ㄨ漿鍏ュ悗鍙拌繍琛岋紝涓嶅崰鐢ㄥ墠鍙扮粓绔備緥濡傝繍琛屼竴涓笉鏂墦鍗板瓧絎︿覆鍒版爣鍑嗚緭鍑虹殑鍙墽琛岀▼搴忥紝杈撳叆濡備笅錛?br>$ vi test.c
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
   while(1)
      print("ok \n");
}
$ gcc -o test test.c
$ ./test &
姝ゆ椂test紼嬪簭灝嗚漿鍏ュ悗鍙扮戶緇墽琛岋紝騫跺湪鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鍗蟲帶鍒跺彴涓婃墦鍗板嚭瀛楃銆傚仠姝㈣紼嬪簭鐨勬柟娉曟槸鍒╃敤ps鍛戒護鎵懼埌璇ョ▼搴忕殑瀵瑰簲榪涚▼鍙穘um錛岀劧鍚庤繍琛宬ill num銆傛敞鎰忥細鍦ㄦ帶鍒跺彴涓笉鏂嚭鐜扮殑鎵撳嵃瀛楃浼氭飯娌¤緭鍏ョ殑鍛戒護錛屼絾鏄病鏈変換浣曞獎鍝嶏紝鍛戒護渚濈劧鍙互琚紜В鏋愩?br>
絎簩縐嶏紝榪愯./test鍚庯紝浣跨敤ctrl+z浣挎鍦ㄨ繍琛岀殑鍛戒護./test鏆傚仠錛坈trl+c鏄粓姝級錛岀敤鍛戒護jobs鏌ョ湅鎯寵杞叆鍚庡彴鐨勫懡浠ょ紪鍙穘錛岀劧鍚庤繍琛宐g n鍗沖彲銆傛敞鎰忥紝璇ュ懡浠ょ殑鏈緇堜綔鐢ㄧ瓑浠蜂簬灝?/test鍛戒護鍚庨潰鍔犱笂&絎﹀彿銆?br>
絎笁縐嶏紝浣跨敤nohup+鍛戒護鐨勮繍琛屾柟寮忥紝鍦ㄧ己鐪佹儏鍐典笅璇ュ懡浠ょ殑鎵鏈夎緭鍑洪兘琚噸瀹氬悜鍒頒竴涓悕涓簄ohup.out鐨勬枃浠朵腑錛岄櫎闈炴湁鎸囧畾鐨勯噸瀹氬悜鏂囦歡銆備緥濡傦細
nohup command &
nohup command >result 2>&1 &
鑰屼笖浣跨敤nohup杞叆鍚庡彴鐨勫懡浠わ紝鍦ㄥ叧闂璼hell鍚庨噸鏂扮櫥褰曪紝璇ュ懡浠や緷鐒跺浜庤繍琛岀姸鎬侊紝浣嗛氳繃ps鍛戒護涓嶄細鏄劇ず錛岃屾槸浣跨敤ps x鎴栬卲s –A鍛戒護鏂瑰彲鏄劇ず銆?br>娉ㄦ剰錛氬鏋滄槸鎵ц鑴氭湰騫墮噸瀹氬悜杈撳嚭鐨勮瘽錛屼笉搴旇鍦ㄨ剼鏈唴閮ㄥ啓錛岃屾槸鍐欐垚錛?br>nohup ./***.sh >result 2>&1 &

浠ヤ笂涓夌鏂規硶鐨勭壒鐐規槸錛氱涓銆佷簩縐嶆柟娉曞湪閫鍑鴻shell榪涚▼鍚庡懡浠ゅ潎涓嶅瓨鍦ㄣ傜涓夌鏂規硶鍗充嬌閫鍑簊hell榪涚▼鍚庯紝鍛戒護渚濈劧瀛樺湪錛岃屽懡浠ょ殑鎺у埗鏉冧氦緇欎簡init銆?br>
鍚庡彴杞叆鍓嶅彴

浣跨敤jobs鍛戒護鏌ョ湅瑕佽漿鍏ュ墠鍙扮殑鍛戒護緙栧彿n錛岀劧鍚庤繍琛宖g n鍗沖彲銆俧g鍛戒護鍗?front ground"銆?br>


榪滈 2010-02-01 16:30 鍙戣〃璇勮
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Linux涓插彛緙栫▼http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/28/106644.html榪滈榪滈Thu, 28 Jan 2010 08:16:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/28/106644.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/106644.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/28/106644.html#Feedback2http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/106644.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/106644.html闃呰鍏ㄦ枃

榪滈 2010-01-28 16:16 鍙戣〃璇勮
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tar鍛戒護鐨凜鍙傛暟http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/13/105571.html榪滈榪滈Wed, 13 Jan 2010 07:10:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/13/105571.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105571.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/13/105571.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105571.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105571.html
瑙g瓟1錛?br>$ tar -cvf file2.tar /home/usr2/file2
tar: Removing leading '/' from members names
home/usr2/file2
璇ュ懡浠ゅ彲浠ュ皢/home/usr2/file2鏂囦歡鎵撳寘鍒板綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鐨刦ile2.tar涓紝闇瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄細浣跨敤緇濆璺緞鏍囪瘑鐨勬簮鏂囦歡錛屽湪鐢╰ar鍛戒護鍘嬬緝鍚庯紝鏂囦歡鍚嶈繛鍚岀粷瀵硅礬寰勶紙榪欓噷鏄痟ome/usr2/錛屾牴鐩綍'/'琚嚜鍔ㄥ幓鎺変簡錛変竴騫惰鍘嬬緝榪涙潵銆備嬌鐢╰ar鍛戒護瑙e帇緙╁悗浼氬嚭鐜頒互涓嬫儏鍐碉細
$ tar -xvf file2.tar
$ ls
…… …… home …… ……
瑙e帇緙╁悗鐨勬枃浠跺悕涓嶆槸鎯寵薄涓殑file2錛岃屾槸home/usr2/file2銆?br>
瑙g瓟2錛?br>$ tar -cvf file2.tar -C /home/usr2 file2
璇ュ懡浠や腑鐨?C dir鍙傛暟錛屽皢tar鐨勫伐浣滅洰褰曚粠褰撳墠鐩綍鏀逛負/home/usr2錛屽皢file2鏂囦歡錛堜笉甯︾粷瀵硅礬寰勶級鍘嬬緝鍒癴ile2.tar涓傛敞鎰?span style="COLOR: #ff0000">錛?C dir鍙傛暟鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ湪浜庢敼鍙樺伐浣滅洰褰曪紝鍏舵湁鏁堟湡涓鴻鍛戒護涓笅涓嬈?C dir鍙傛暟涔嬪墠銆?br>浣跨敤tar鐨?C dir鍙傛暟錛屽悓鏍峰彲浠ュ仛鍒板湪褰撳墠鐩綍/home/usr1涓嬪皢鏂囦歡瑙e帇緙╁埌鍏朵粬鐩綍錛屼緥濡傦細
$ tar -xvf file2.tar -C /home/usr2
鑰宼ar涓嶇敤-C dir鍙傛暟鏃舵槸鏃犳硶鍋氬埌鐨勶細
$ tar -xvf file2.tar /home/usr2
tar: /tmp/file: Not found in archive
tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors



榪滈 2010-01-13 15:10 鍙戣〃璇勮
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搴撴枃妗g殑寮鍙戜笌浣跨敤http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/12/105471.html榪滈榪滈Tue, 12 Jan 2010 02:41:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/12/105471.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105471.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/12/105471.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105471.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105471.html搴撳搴旂殑澶存枃浠舵湁涓ょ錛屽寘鎷叕鏈夊ご鏂囦歡鍜岀鏈夊ご鏂囦歡銆傚叕鏈夊ご鏂囦歡澹版槑鐨勮祫婧愬鍏朵粬紼嬪簭鏄湁鏁堢殑錛岃岀鏈夊ご鏂囦歡澹版槑鐨勮祫婧愬彧鑳借瀵瑰簲鐨勫簱浠g爜浣跨敤銆?span style="COLOR: red">涓轟簡浣垮簱鎴愪負鍏湁鐨勶紝搴斿皢瀹冨畨瑁呭湪鐩綍/usr/lib涓紝騫跺皢瀹冪殑澶存枃浠舵斁鍦?usr/include涓紝騫跺湪鐢ㄦ埛紼嬪簭涓嬌鐢?include <>鐨勬柟寮忓紩鍏ュ簱澶存枃浠?/span>銆傚皢澶存枃浠剁殑璺緞鍚嶆斁緗湪寮曞彿涓紝灝卞彲灝嗙鏈夊ご鏂囦歡鏀懼叆紼嬪簭涓紝姣斿#include "hello.h"錛岄澶勭悊紼嬪簭浼氶鍏堝湪褰撳墠鐩綍鏌ユ壘hello.h澶存枃浠訛紝濡傛灉鍐欐垚#include "-/include/hello.h"錛岄澶勭悊紼嬪簭灝變細鍦ㄧ洰褰晘/include涓悳绱㈠ご鏂囦歡hello.h銆?br>搴撴枃妗e繀欏諱互.a鎵╁睍鍚嶇粨鏉燂紝涓鏃︿負涓緇勭洰鏍囨ā鍧楀垱寤轟簡涓涓簱鏂囦歡錛岄氳繃鍒跺畾搴撴枃妗d綔涓哄弬鏁幫紝榪欎簺妯″潡灝卞彲浠ヨC紼嬪簭鏍規嵁-l*閾炬帴浣跨敤銆?span style="COLOR: red">瀵逛簬鏍囧噯搴擄紝渚嬪C涓殑libc.a錛屽彧闇瑕佸湪鐢ㄦ埛紼嬪簭涓坊鍔犵浉搴旂殑澶存枃浠舵瘮濡俿tdio.h銆乻tdlib.h銆乧type.h絳夛紝鑰屼笉闇瑕佹槑紜湴鐢?l緙栬瘧紼嬪簭閫夐」鍘婚摼鎺ヨ搴擄紱浣嗚繕鏈夎澶氬簱涓嶆槸鏍囧噯搴擄紝渚嬪鏁板搴搇ibm.a錛岄櫎浜嗛渶瑕佹坊鍔犵浉搴斿ご鏂囦歡涔嬪錛岃繕蹇呴』鏄庣‘鍦扮敤緙栬瘧紼嬪簭閫夐」-lm閾炬帴璇ュ簱錛屽叾涓?l緙栬瘧閫夐」鍦╨ib鍜?a涔嬮棿鎸囧畾瀛愪覆錛屼笉鏄庣‘鎸囧畾鐨勮瘽浼氬湪緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ駭鐢熼敊璇?br>娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.鏍囧噯C璇█搴搇ibc.a鍦ㄧ紪璇戠▼搴忕殑閾炬帴闃舵鑷姩琚摼鎺ャ?br>2.涓浜涘父瑙佺殑涓庡簱鐩稿叧鐨勭紪紼嬮敊璇細
娌℃湁涓哄簱鍔犲叆澶存枃浠?br>娌℃湁鏄庣‘閾炬帴涓涓簱錛岃岃繖涓簱涓嶈兘琚▼搴忚嚜鍔ㄩ摼鎺?br>浣跨敤浜嗛敊璇増鏈殑搴?br>閾炬帴浜嗕笉鍏煎鐨勫簱

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搴撶殑寮鍙?/strong>

浣跨敤ar紼嬪簭鍙互鎵ц鍚勭涓庡簱鐩稿叧鐨勪換鍔★紝姣斿鍦ㄥ簱鏂囦歡涓垱寤恒佷慨鏀瑰拰鎻愬彇妯″潡絳夈備笌linux鍛戒護涓嶅悓錛宎r鍛戒護鐨勫叧閿瓧涓嶉渶瑕佷嬌鐢?榪炲瓧絎︺?br>
ar 鍏抽敭瀛?nbsp;搴撴枃妗e悕 鏂囦歡鍒楄〃
d    鍦ㄥ簱鏂囨。涓垹闄や竴涓枃浠?br>q    鍦ㄧ幇鏈夊簱鏂囨。涓坊鍔犱竴涓枃浠訛紝鑻ュ簱鏂囨。涓嶅瓨鍦紝鍒欏垱寤轟箣
r     鏂板緩涓涓簱鏂囨。鎴栬鐩栦竴涓幇鏈夊簱鏂囨。
t     鏄劇ず涓涓簱鏂囨。鐩綍
s    寮哄埗鐢熸垚搴撴枃妗g鍙瘋〃
x     浠庝竴涓簱鏂囨。涓彁鍙栦竴涓垨澶氫釜鏂囦歡錛屽茍灝嗗畠浠繚瀛樺湪褰撳墠鐨勫伐浣滅洰褰曚腑
v    鐢熸垚涓涓緇嗙殑杈撳嚭

鍋囪宸插瓨鍦╩ain.c銆乧ompute.c銆乮nput.c銆乵ain.h銆乧ompute.h銆乮nput.h榪欎簺鏂囦歡錛屼笖compute.c浣跨敤浜嗘暟瀛﹀簱libm.a錛屼笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙鐢ㄤ簬搴撴枃妗g殑鍒涘緩鍜岃拷鍔犵瓑銆?br>ar r libmath.a input.o compute.o
璇ュ懡浠ゅ垱寤轟簡鏂囦歡input.o鍜宑ompute.o鐨勫簱鏂囨。鏂囦歡libmath.a錛屽鏋滆搴撴枃妗e凡瀛樺湪鍒欎細琚鐩栥備笂榪板懡浠ゅ綋libmath涓嶅瓨鍦ㄦ椂錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?strong>ar q libmath.a input.o compute.o
浠f浛錛岃鍛戒護鍦╨ibmath.a涓拷鍔犳柊鏂囦歡錛屽綋libmath.a涓嶅瓨鍦ㄦ椂鑷姩鍒涘緩錛涘綋鎯沖皢褰撳墠鐩綍涓墍鏈夌洰鏍囨枃浠墮兘鏀懼叆搴撴枃浠朵腑錛屼篃鍙互浣跨敤ar r libmath.a *.o鎴栬?strong>ar r libmath.a `ls *.o`榪欐牱鐨勫懡浠ゃ?br>gcc main.c libmath.a -o power -lm
璇ュ懡浠ゅ皢搴撴枃妗d腑鐨刬nput.o鍜宑ompute.o閾炬帴鍒癿ain.o涓婏紝浣跨敤-lm閾炬帴鏁板搴搇ibm.a錛屽洜涓哄湪compute.o涓嬌鐢ㄤ簡pow鍑芥暟銆傚皢libmath.a瀹夎鍒?usr/lib鍚庯紝灝卞彲浠ラ氳繃-lmath鐨勬柟寮忎嬌鐢ㄤ簡銆?br>rm compute.o input.o
鍒涘緩鐩爣妯″潡鐨勫簱鏂囨。鍚庯紝灝卞彲浠ュ垹闄ゅ師鏈夋ā鍧椼?br>ar t libmath.a
璇ュ懡浠ょ敤浜庢樉紺哄簱鏂囨。libmath.a鐨勭洰褰曪紝鍚岀悊鍙互浣跨敤ar vt libmath.a鍛戒護鑾峰緱鏇磋緇嗙殑杈撳嚭銆?br>ar d libmath.a input.o
璇ュ懡浠ょ敤浜庝粠搴撴枃妗ibmath.a涓垹闄や竴涓垨澶氫釜鐩爣妯″潡銆?br>ar x libmath.a compute.o
璇ュ懡浠や笅鍝﹂偅涓簱鏂囨。libmath.o涓彁鍙栦竴涓垨澶氫釜鐩爣妯″潡錛屽茍鏀懼湪褰撳墠鐩綍涓?br>
鍦╩akefile涓篃鍙互浣跨敤ar鍛戒護錛岃繖鏍峰垱寤轟簡杞歡鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡涔嬪悗錛屼篃鍙互鍒涘緩鐩爣鏂囨。鐨勫簱鏂囨。錛屽叿浣撴柟娉曞涓嬶細
CC=gcc
OPTIONS=-03
OBJECTS=main.o input.o compute.o
SOURCES=main.c input.c compute.c
HEADERS=main.h input.h compute.h
ARCHIVE=compute.o input.o
LIBRARY=libmath.a
AR_KEYS=qv
complete : power
    @echo "Build complete"
power : $(OBJECTS)
    $(CC) $(OPTIONS) -o $@ $^ -lm
    @echo "The executable is in the 'power' file"
main.o : main.h input.h compute.h
compute.o : compute.h
input.o : input.h
buldle :
    @echo "Archiving object modules..."
    ar $(AR_KEYS) $(LIBRARY) $(ARCHIVE)
    @echo "Archiving is complete."
power.tar : makefile $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
    tar -cvf $@ $^
clean :
    rm -f *.o

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

搴撶殑浣跨敤

鍦ㄥ畨瑁呭簱鏂囨。涔嬪墠錛岄渶瑕佺粰搴撴枃妗g敓鎴愬拰娣誨姞涓涓洰褰曠儲寮?/span>銆傚簱鏂囨。涓殑鐩爣鏂囦歡涓嶆槸浠ヤ換鎰忛『搴忔帓鍒楃殑錛岃屾槸渚濊禆浜庢ā鍧楄鎻掑叆鍒板簱鏂囨。涓殑欏哄簭銆傚甫鏈夌洰褰曠殑搴撴枃妗e湪閾炬帴闃舵鏄繀瑕佺殑錛屽畠鍏佽搴撴枃妗d腑鐨勫嚱鏁頒簰鐩歌皟鐢紝鑰屾棤璁鴻繖浜涘嚱鏁板湪搴撴枃妗d腑鐨勪綅緗浣曘?br>ranlib 搴撴枃妗e垪琛?/strong>
璇ュ懡浠ゅ彲浠ヤ負搴撴枃妗e垪琛ㄤ腑鐨勬瘡涓簱鏂囨。鐢熸垚鍜屾坊鍔犱竴涓洰褰曪紝璇ュ懡浠や笌濡備笅鍛戒護鐩稿悓錛?br>ar s 搴撴枃妗?br>
涓鏃︽坊鍔犱簡鐩綍涔嬪悗錛屽氨鍙互瀹夎璇ュ簱浣垮叾鎴愪負鍏湁錛屼富瑕侀噰鍙栦袱涓楠わ細
1.鍒涘緩搴撶殑澶存枃浠跺茍鎶婂畠鏀懼湪/usr/include鐩綍涓紝澶存枃浠跺寘鍚簱涓祫婧愮殑澹版槑銆備竴涓簱鏂囨。鍙互瀵瑰簲澶氫釜澶存枃浠訛紝渚嬪libmath.a鍙互瀵瑰簲input.h鍜宑ompute.h銆?br>2.鍦?usr/lib鐩綍涓斁緗搴撴枃妗o紝渚嬪/usr/lib/libmath.a銆?br>3.鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄨ搴撴椂錛屽湪紼嬪簭涓姞鍏ュ搴斿ご鏂囦歡錛屽茍鐢ㄥ甫鏈?lmath鐨勭紪璇戝懡浠ゅ嵆鍙?br>
鍙互鐢╪m鍛戒護鏄劇ず涓涓簱銆佺洰鏍囨垨鍙墽琛屾枃浠剁殑絎﹀彿琛紝琛ㄤ腑鍖呮嫭鍚嶇О銆佺被鍨嬨佸ぇ灝忓拰榪涘叆鐐圭瓑淇℃伅銆傚畠鐨勮緭鍑哄憡鐭ヨ搴撶殑灞炴э紝杈撳嚭鐨勬瘡涓琛屾槸姣忎竴涓爣璇嗙錛屼緥濡傛枃浠朵腑鐨勬煇涓嚱鏁板悕鎴栬呭彉閲忓悕銆俷m鍛戒護鏄劇ず鐨勪俊鎭敤浜庤皟璇曞簱鍜屽彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛屽浜庡簱鏂囨。涓殑姣忎釜鏂囦歡鎴栨垚鍛橈紝nm鍛戒護鑷沖皯浼氬皢涓嬮潰鐨勪俊鎭彂閫佸埌鏍囧噯杈撳嚭錛氭瘡涓鍙風殑鍦板潃銆佺鍙風殑鍊間互鍙婂叾綾誨瀷銆傛牴鎹夐」錛屼篃鍙兘杈撳嚭搴撴垨鐩爣鐨勫悕縐頒互鍙婄鍙風殑澶у皬絳夈?/p>

nm [閫夐」] [鏂囦歡鍒楄〃(搴撴枃浠?鐩爣鏂囦歡/鍙墽琛屾枃浠?]
-D    鍙樉紺哄姩鎬佺鍙鳳紝褰撲嬌鐢ㄥ姩鎬佸簱鏃跺緢鏈夌敤
-V    nm鍛戒護鐗堟湰鍙?br>-g    鍙樉紺哄叏灞絎﹀彿鐨勭浉鍏充俊鎭?br>-l     涓烘瘡涓涓鍙鋒煡鎵懼拰鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍚嶅拰琛屽彿
-n    鐢ㄥ湴鍧緇欏閮ㄧ鍙峰垎綾?br>-u    鍙樉紺烘湭瀹氫箟鐨勭鍙鳳紝鍗蟲瘡涓洰鏍囨ā鍧楃殑澶栭儴絎﹀彿
-w   緇欏嚭鏇村璀﹀憡淇℃伅
-f 鏍煎紡    浠ヤ笉鍚屾牸寮忚緭鍑猴紝鍙互鏄痓sd銆乻ysv銆乸osix絳夛紝榛樿鏄痓sd

瀵筺m鍛戒護錛屼互鍚庡啀榪涜璇︾粏瀛︿範錛屽湪姝ょ渷鐣ャ?br>




榪滈 2010-01-12 10:41 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
makefile鍜宮ake瑙勫垯http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/10/105358.html榪滈榪滈Sun, 10 Jan 2010 12:46:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/10/105358.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105358.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/10/105358.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105358.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105358.html棣栧厛浠嬬粛make瀹炵敤紼嬪簭鐨勮娉曞拰甯哥敤閫夐」錛岀劧鍚庣粏鍓杕akefile鏂囦歡鐨勭粍鎴愩?br>
make鍛戒護

make [閫夐」] [鐩爣] [瀹忓畾涔?/span>]
閫氳繃鍛戒護琛屽弬鏁頒腑鐨則arget錛屽彲鎸囧畾make瑕佺紪璇戠殑鐩爣錛屽茍涓斿厑璁稿悓鏃跺畾涔夌紪璇戝涓洰鏍囷紝鎿嶄綔鏃舵寜鐓т粠宸﹀悜鍙崇殑欏哄簭渚濇緙栬瘧target閫夐」涓寚瀹氱殑鐩爣鏂囦歡銆傚鏋滃懡浠よ涓病鏈夋寚瀹氱洰鏍囷紝鍒欑郴緇熼粯璁arget鎸囧悜鎻忚堪鏂囦歡涓涓涓洰鏍囨枃浠躲?br>-d    鏄劇ず璋冭瘯淇℃伅
-n    涓嶈繍琛屼換浣昺akefile鏂囦歡錛屽彧鎵撳嵃闇瑕佹墽琛岀殑鍛戒護
-p    杈撳嚭鎵鏈夊畯瀹氫箟鍜岀洰鏍囨枃浠舵弿榪?br>-s    闈欐鐘舵佷笅榪愯錛屼笉鏄劇ず浠諱綍鍛戒護琛屼俊鎭?br>-f file    閫氱煡make紼嬪簭浠巉ile涓鍙栧唴閮ㄤ緷璧栬鏄庯紝緙虹渷鎯呭喌涓嬩細璇誨彇makefile鎴栬匨akefile鏂囦歡澶勭悊錛屾枃浠跺悕-琛ㄧず璇誨彇鏍囧噯杈撳叆錛屽湪Linux涓紝GNU make宸ュ叿鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶅伐浣滅洰褰曚腑鎸夌収GNUmakefile銆乵akefile銆丮akefile鐨勯『搴忔悳绱akefile鏂囦歡

娉ㄦ剰錛氬湪婧愭枃浠舵病鏈夎淇敼鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛岃繍琛宮ake鍛戒護浼氱敓鎴愪竴鏉℃秷鎭紝璇存簮鏂囦歡鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鏄渶鏂扮殑錛屼笉闇瑕佺敤make鍛戒護閲嶆柊緙栬瘧鍜岄摼鎺ャ傝寮哄埗鍐嶅垱寤哄彲鎵ц浠g爜錛岄渶瑕佹敼鍙樻簮鏂囦歡鐨勪笂嬈℃洿鏂版椂闂達紝鍙互浣跨敤touch鍛戒護錛岀劧鍚庡啀嬈¤繍琛宮ake鍛戒護銆?/span>

touch [閫夐」] 鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?br>-r 鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?nbsp; 鎶婃寚瀹氭枃浠舵垨鐩綍鐨勬棩鏈熸椂闂達紝璁炬垚鍜屽弬鑰冩枃浠舵垨鐩綍鐨勬棩鏈熸椂闂寸浉鍚?br>-d 鏃ユ湡鏃墮棿     浣跨敤鎸囧畾鐨勬棩鏈熸椂闂達紝鑰岄潪鐜板湪鐨勬椂闂?nbsp;


makefile瑙勫垯

make紼嬪簭鍩轟簬鏂囦歡涔嬮棿鐨勪緷璧栨э紝闇瑕佸緩绔嬬殑鐩爣鏂囦歡錛屼互鍙婂緩绔嬬洰鏍囨枃浠舵椂瑕佹墽琛岀殑鍛戒護錛屼互涓婃墍鏈夎縐頒負瑙勫垯錛屽瓨鏀懼湪鏂囦歡makefile涓傚畾鍒惰鍒欑殑璇硶濡備笅錛?br>鐩爣鍒楄〃 : 鍏寵仈鎬у垪琛?br><TAB>鍛戒護鍒楄〃
娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.鍙互鍦ㄥ叧鑱旀у垪琛ㄥ拰鍛戒護鍒楄〃涓嬌鐢╯hell鏂囦歡鍚嶆ā寮忓尮閰嶅瓧絎︼紝渚嬪?銆?銆乕]絳夌瓑銆?br>2.濡傛灉鐩爣鐨勫懡浠ゅ垪琛ㄤ腑鏌愪釜鍛戒護鍓嶉潰甯︽湁@錛岄偅涔堝綋make紼嬪簭鎵ц鏃訛紝璇ュ懡浠ゆ槸涓嶄細鏈夊弽搴旂殑錛屽湪紼嬪簭榪愯瀹屾瘯涔嬪悗錛屾墍鏈夊墠闈㈠甫@鐨勫懡浠ゆ寜鐓у弽搴忔墽琛屻傚彲浠ラ氳繃鎵цmake -n鍛戒護鏄劇ず榪欎簺鍛戒護浠ヤ緵鏌ョ湅銆?br>3.濡傛灉鐩爣鐨勫懡浠ゅ垪琛ㄤ腑鏌愪釜鍛戒護鍓嶉潰甯︽湁-錛岃鏄庡鏋滆鍛戒護鎵ц鏈夎錛屼細璺寵繃璇ュ懡浠ゅ茍緇х畫鎵ц銆?/span>

make紼嬪簭浣跨敤makefile涓殑瑙勫垯鍐沖畾紼嬪簭涓渶瑕侀噸鏂扮紪璇戠殑鏂囦歡錛屽茍鍐嶆閾炬帴鐢熸垚鍙墽琛屼唬鐮併傚鏋滄簮鏂囦歡涓婁慨鏀圭殑鏃墮棿鎴蟲瘮鐩爣鏂囦歡涓婄殑鏃墮棿鎴蟲洿鏂幫紝閭d箞make閲嶆柊緙栬瘧build涓寘鍚殑婧愭枃浠躲備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉淇敼浜嗕竴涓?h澶存枃浠訛紝make紼嬪簭灝變細閲嶆柊緙栬瘧鎵鏈夊寘鍚澶存枃浠剁殑婧愭枃浠訛紝鍓嶆彁鏄ご鏂囦歡鍦ㄨ繖浜涙簮鏂囦歡鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠剁殑鍏寵仈鎬у垪琛ㄤ腑錛涘啀濡傛煇.c婧愭枃浠惰淇敼錛岄偅涔堣婧愭枃浠惰閲嶆柊緙栬瘧錛岀敓鎴愬搴旂殑鏂扮殑鐩爣鏂囦歡銆?br>myprog : foo.o bar.o
    gcc –o myprog foo.o bar.o
foo.o : foo.c foo.h bar.h
    gcc –o foo.o –c foo.c
bar.o : bar.c bar.h
    gcc –o bar.o –c bar.c
涓婅堪瑙勫垯涓紝鍙鐩爣鏂囦歡姣斿啋鍙峰悗闈㈢殑鏂囦歡浠諱綍涓涓棫錛屽皢浼氭墽琛屼笅涓琛岀殑鍛戒護錛涗絾鏄湪媯鏌oo.o鍜宐ar.o鐨勬椂闂翠箣鍓嶏紝浼氬線涓嬫煡鎵鵑偅浜涙妸foo.o鍜宐ar.o浣滀負鐩爣鏂囦歡鐨勮鍒欙紱浠ユ綾繪帹錛屽茍鏈緇堝洖鍒癿yprog瑙勫垯銆?br>濡備綍寰楀埌姣忎釜C鏂囦歡鐨勮緭鍑鴻鍒欏憿錛熷彲浣跨敤-M鍜?MM緙栬瘧閫夐」銆傛敞鎰忥細浣跨敤-M鍜?MM緙栬瘧閫夐」鏃訛紝浠呭湪shell涓緭鍑鴻鍒欎俊鎭紝涓嶈兘鐢ㄤ簬浜х敓鍙墽琛屾枃浠訛紝鍗充笉鑳藉啓鎴恎cc -o hello -M hello.c榪欐牱鐨勫艦寮忋?br>gcc –M hello.c            //杈撳嚭hello.c鍜岃鏂囦歡涓墍鏈?lt;>鍜?#8221;”鍖呭惈鐨勫ご鏂囦歡
gcc –MM hello.c        //浠呰緭鍑篽ello.c鍜岃鏂囦歡涓墍鏈?#8221;”鍖呭惈鐨勫ご鏂囦歡

鍚庣紑錛堥殣鍚級瑙勫垯

make -p鍛戒護鏄劇ず浜嗘墍鏈夊悗緙瑙勫垯鍒楄〃銆備負浜嗗緩绔嬩竴涓洰鏍囷紝make浣跨敤紼嬪簭浼氶亶鍘嗕竴榪炰覆鐨勪緷璧栧叧緋伙紝浠庤屽喅瀹氫粠浣曞寮濮嬪緩绔嬨傚鏋滄病鏈夋壘鍒扮洰鏍囨枃浠訛紝make紼嬪簭鎸夌収浼樺厛欏哄簭鏌ユ壘婧愭枃浠訛紝棣栧厛鏌ユ壘.c銆?f鎴?s鍚庣紑鐨勬枃浠訛紝鐒跺悗鍐嶆煡鎵維CCS錛堝甫.c~鍚庣紑錛夋枃浠訛紝濡傛灉娌℃湁鎵懼埌浠諱綍涓涓簮鏂囦歡錛宮ake紼嬪簭灝變細鎶ュ憡涓涓紓甯搞?br>make紼嬪簭鐭ラ亾璋冪敤gcc -c xxx.c -o xxx.o鐨勯瀹氫箟鍛戒護錛岃屼笖榪樼煡閬撶洰鏍囨枃浠墮氬父鍜屾簮鏂囦歡鏄浉鍚岀殑錛岃繖縐嶅姛鑳界О浣滄爣鍑嗕緷璧栨э紝鎵浠oo.o : foo.c foo.h bar.h榪欐牱鐨勮鍙ュ彲浠ョ畝鍐欐垚foo.o : foo.h bar.h銆傚悓鏃訛紝濡傛灉鎶婄敓鎴恌oo.o鍜宐ar.o鐨勫懡浠や粠瑙勫垯涓垹闄わ紝make灝嗚嚜鍔ㄦ煡鎵懼畠鐨勯殣鍚鍒欙紙gcc -M/MM杈撳嚭鐨勪唬鐮侊級錛岀劧鍚庢壘鍒頒竴涓傚綋鐨勫懡浠わ紝鍛戒護涓細浣跨敤涓浜涘彉閲忥紝騫朵笖鎸夌収涓瀹氭楠よ瀹氥?br>鍥犳錛屼笂榪癿akefile鐨勫唴瀹瑰彲浠ユ牴鎹悗緙瑙勫垯綆鍐欐垚錛?br>myprog : foo.o bar.o
    gcc –o myprog foo.o bar.o
foo.o : foo.h bar.h
bar.o : bar.h

瀹忓畾涔夛紙鍙橀噺錛?/strong>

makefile涓殑鍙橀噺瀹氫箟鍙互瀛樺偍鏂囦歡鍚嶅垪琛ㄣ佸彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鍚嶄互鍙婄紪璇戝櫒鏍囪瘑絳夛紝涓昏鏄嬌鐢ㄥ涓嬫柟娉曪細

VAR=name     鍙橀噺瀹氫箟
define VAR   
    name
endef        鍚屼笂
$(VAR)       浣跨敤鍙橀噺錛屽鏋滃彉閲忓悕涓哄崟瀛楃錛屽彲浠ヤ笉浣跨敤鍦嗘嫭鍙鋒垨鑺辨嫭鍙?br>${VAR}       鍚屼笂
$@           褰撳墠鐩爣鏂囦歡
$*           鍒犻櫎浜嗗悗緙鐨勭洰鏍囧悕
$<           渚濊禆鍒楄〃涓紝姣斿綋鍓嶇洰鏍囨洿鏂扮殑褰撳墠渚濊禆鍚嶇О錛堝嵆絎竴涓緷璧栨枃浠訛級
$^           鏁翠釜渚濊禆鍒楄〃
$?           渚濊禆鍒楄〃涓紝姣斿綋鍓嶇洰鏍囨洿鏂扮殑褰撳墠渚濊禆鍒楄〃
CFLAGS       閫氬父榛樿鍊兼槸-O錛屼絾鏄彲浠ヨ淇敼

鏈嬌鐢ㄥ悗緙瑙勫垯鐨刴akefile鏂囦歡鍙樻垚濡備笅錛?br>OBJS=foo.o bar.o
SOURCES=foo.c bar.c
HEADERS=foo.h bar.h
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-Wall -O -g
myprog : $(OBJS)
    $(CC) $^ -o $@
foo.o : foo.c foo.h bar.h
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) –c $< -o $@
bar.o : bar.c bar.h
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) –c $< -o $@
鑰屼嬌鐢ㄤ簡鍚庣紑瑙勫垯鐨刴akefile鏂囦歡鍙樻垚濡備笅錛?br>OBJS=foo.o bar.o
SOURCES=foo.c bar.c
HEADERS=foo.h bar.h
CC=gcc
myprog : $(OBJS)
    $(CC) S^ -o $@
foo.o : foo.h bar.h
bar.o : bar.h

铏氱洰鏍?br>
鍋囪涓涓」鐩渶鍚庨渶瑕佷駭鐢熶袱涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡exec1鍜宔xec2錛屼絾涓や釜鏂囦歡鏄浉浜掔嫭绔嬬殑錛屾鏃跺彲浣跨敤鍋囨兂鐩殑all鏉ヨ揪鍒版晥鏋溿?br>all : exec1 exec2
all鏂囦歡騫朵笉瀛樺湪錛宮ake鎬繪槸浼氬亣璁懼畠闇瑕佽鐢熸垚錛屽洜姝や細媯鏌ュ畠鐨勪緷闈犳枃浠秂xec1鍜宔xec2鏄惁闇瑕佹洿鏂幫紝褰撴妸瀹冪殑渚濋潬鏂囦歡鏇存柊鍚庯紝灝變細鎵ц瀹冪殑瑙勫垯閲岀殑鍛戒護琛岋紝浣嗘槸鍦ㄨ鍒欓噷娌℃湁鍝釜鍛戒護浣滅敤浜庡悕涓篴ll鐨勫疄闄呮枃浠訛紝鎵浠ヨ瑙勫垯騫朵笉鐪熸鏀瑰彉all鐨勭姸鎬併?br>娉ㄦ剰涓嬮潰鐨勮鍙ョ敤娉曪紝榪欎簺璇彞鍙互娣誨姞鍒癿akefile鏂囦歡鍚庯細
myprog.tar : makefile $(SOURCES) $(HEADERS)
    tar -cvf $@ S^
clean :
    rm *.o
褰搈ake鍛戒護涓嶅甫鍙傛暟鎵ц鏃訛紝鏈鍚庝袱涓洰鏍噈yprog.tar鍜宑lean鐨勫懡浠や笉浼氭墽琛岋紝鍥犱負榪欎簺鏂囦歡娌℃湁渚濊禆鏂囦歡銆傚皢榪欎袱涓洰鏍囦綔涓哄弬鏁頒紶閫掔粰make鍛戒護錛屽彲浠ヨ皟鐢ㄤ笌鐩爣鍏寵仈鐨勫懡浠ゃ備緥濡傦細鎵цmake myprog.tar鍛戒護浼氭墽琛宼ar -cvf myprog.tar makefile foo.c bar.c foo.h bar.h璇彞錛岃屾墽琛宮ake clean鍛戒護浼氭墽琛宑lean *.o璇彞銆?br>
涓嬮潰緇欏嚭涓涓緝瀹屾暣鐨刴akefile鏂囦歡錛?br>---------------------------------------------------------
#Updated makefile that uses some built-in macros and
#@-preceded commands
define CC
    gcc
endef
OPTIONS=-03
OBJECTS=main.o input.o compute.o
SOURCES=main.c input.c compute.c
HEADERS=main.h input.h compute.h
complete : power
    @echo "Build complete"
power : $(OBJECTS)
    $(CC) $(OPTIONS) -o $@ $^ -lm
    @echo "The executable is in the 'power' file"
main.o : main.h input.h compute.h
compute.o : compute.h
input.o : input.h
power.tar : makefile $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
    tar -cvf $@ $^
clean :
    rm -f *.o
-----------------------------------------------------
鎵ц緇撴灉涓猴細
-----------------------------------------------------
$ make
gcc -c main.c -o main.o
gcc -c input.c -o input.o
gcc -c compute.c -o compute.o
gcc -o3 -o power main.o input.o compute.o -lm
The executable is in the 'power' file
Build complete
$ make power.tar
tar -cvf power.tar makefile main.h input.h compute.h main.c input.c compute.c
makefile
main.h
input.h
compute.h
main.c
input.c
compute.c
$ make clean
rm -f *.o
------------------------------------------------------



榪滈 2010-01-10 20:46 鍙戣〃璇勮
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Linux閫氶厤絎?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105105.html</link><dc:creator>榪滈</dc:creator><author>榪滈</author><pubDate>Thu, 07 Jan 2010 09:08:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105105.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105105.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105105.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105105.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105105.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p>鍦ㄤ嬌鐢╯hell鍛戒護瀵瑰涓枃浠跺璞℃墽琛屽崟涓鎿嶄綔鏃訛紝渚嬪鍒犻櫎褰撳墠鐩綍涓嬬殑file1鍒癴ile8錛屽嬈′嬌鐢ㄧ浉鍚岀殑鍛戒護rm file1鍒皉m file8闈炲父楹葷儲錛岄氬父浣跨敤閫氶厤絎︽ā寮忚В鍐寵繖涓棶棰橈細rm file[1-8]銆?br>褰撲嬌鐢ㄩ氶厤絎︽寚瀹氫竴縐嶆ā寮忔椂錛岃妯″紡涓庡簳灞傜郴緇熶笂鐨勪竴涓垨澶氫釜鏂囦歡鍖歸厤錛宻hell浠ョ┖鏍奸殧寮鐨勬墍鏈夊尮閰嶅璞$殑鍒楄〃鏉ユ浛鎹㈣妯″紡錛涘綋妯″紡涓嶈兘鎵懼埌鍖歸厤瀵硅薄鏃訛紝shell灝嗕笉鐞嗕細鍙傛暟銆侀氶厤絎︾瓑錛屼繚鐣欏師鏍楓備緥濡傦紝褰搇s -d /etc/g*涓嶈兘鎵懼埌/etc/g*鐨勪換浣曟枃浠舵椂錛屽氨浼氭姤閿欍?br><br>* <br>--------浠h〃浠繪剰涓瓧絎︼紝浣嗕笉浼氬尮閰嶄互.寮濮嬬殑鏂囦歡鍚?br>? <br>--------浠h〃涓涓瓧絎?br>\ <br>--------杞箟瀛楃錛屽彲灝嗛氶厤絎︽垨鑰呯壒孌婂瓧絎﹁繕鍘熸垚涓鑸瓧絎?br>[abc]<br>--------鍖歸厤[]閲岄潰鐨勬煇涓瓧絎?br>[a-z]<br>--------鍖歸厤a鍒皕涔嬮棿鐨勬煇涓瓧絎︼紝榪樿兘鍐欐垚[A-Z]銆乕0-9]銆乕A-Za-z]絳?br>[!abc]<br>--------鍖歸厤浠繪剰涓嶅寘鍚湪[!]閲岀殑瀛楃錛屽悓鏍峰寘鎷琜!a-z]絳夌殑鐢ㄦ硶錛岃繖閲孾鍜?涔嬮棿涓嶈兘鏈夌┖鏍?br>{c1,c2}<br>--------鍚宑1鎴栬卌2鐩稿尮閰嶏紝鍏朵腑c1鍜宑2涔熸槸閫氶厤絎︼紝姣斿{[0-9]abc,[efg]}涓嶽0-9]abc銆乕efg]鍧囬氶厤<br>;<br>--------榪炵畫鎬у懡浠わ紝姣斿command1;command2錛屼笉綆″墠鑰呮槸鍚︽紜紝鍚庤呴兘浼氭墽琛岋紝浣跨敤&&鍜寍|鍒欎細鏈夊厛鍚庨『搴?br>! <br>--------閫昏緫榪愮畻涓殑闈?br>/<br>--------璺緞瀛楃<br>$<br>--------璇誨彇鍙橀噺瀛楃錛屼緥濡俥cho $PATH<br>>,>> <br>--------杈撳嚭瀵煎悜錛屽垎鍒負娓呯┖涓庢湯灝劇瘡鍔?br>' <br>--------鍗曞紩鍙?br>" <br>--------鍙屽紩鍙?br>`` <br>--------涓や釜`涓棿涓哄彲浠ュ厛鎵ц鐨勬寚浠わ紝渚嬪cat /etc/`pwd`/hello.<br><br><span style="COLOR: red">娉ㄦ剰錛?/span><br>浣跨敤[]鏃訛紝[涓嶿涔嬮棿緇濆涓嶈兘涓虹┖錛屾墍浠][*]琛ㄧず[銆乚涓?浠繪剰涓涓瓧絎︽潵鍖歸厤錛屽鏋滆澶勭悊涓庨氶厤絎︾浉鍏崇殑瀛楃錛岄渶瑕佷嬌鐢ㄨ漿涔夊瓧絎錛屼緥濡傦細<br>echo $[abc]<br>杈撳嚭緇撴灉鏄痑銆乥鎴栬卌鍙橀噺鐨勫箋?br>echo $\[abc\]<br>杈撳嚭緇撴灉鏄痆abc]鍙橀噺鐨勫鹼紙涓句緥鑰屽凡錛屽綋鐒朵笉瀛樺湪[abc]榪欐牱鐨勫彉閲忓悕錛夈?br>echo '[abc]'<br>鍗曞紩鍙蜂篃鑳借搗鍒頒笌杞箟瀛楃鍚屾牱鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ?span style="COLOR: red">鍙屽紩鍙峰唴閮ㄤ繚鐣欐墍鏈夐氶厤絎︾殑鍘熶箟錛岃屽崟寮曞彿鍐呴儴灝嗛氶厤絎﹁涓烘櫘閫氬瓧絎?/span>銆?/p> <br> <img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/aggbug/105105.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/" target="_blank">榪滈</a> 2010-01-07 17:08 <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105105.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>gcc緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ嬌鐢ㄧ畝鏄庢寚鍗?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105096.html</link><dc:creator>榪滈</dc:creator><author>榪滈</author><pubDate>Thu, 07 Jan 2010 07:46:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105096.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105096.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105096.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105096.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105096.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p>gcc瀵規枃浠剁殑澶勭悊闇瑕佺粡榪囬澶勭悊->緙栬瘧->姹囩紪->閾炬帴鐨勬楠わ紝浠庤屼駭鐢熶竴涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛屽悇閮ㄥ垎瀵瑰簲涓嶅悓鐨勬枃浠剁被鍨嬶紝鍏蜂綋濡備笅錛?br>file.c      c紼嬪簭婧愭枃浠?br>file.i       c紼嬪簭棰勫鐞嗗悗鏂囦歡<br>file.cxx   c++紼嬪簭婧愭枃浠訛紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸file.cc / file.cpp / file.c++<br>file.ii      c++紼嬪簭棰勫鐞嗗悗鏂囦歡<br>file.h      c/c++澶存枃浠?br>file.s      姹囩紪紼嬪簭鏂囦歡<br>file.o      鐩爣浠g爜鏂囦歡<br><br></p> <div style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #cccccc 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; WIDTH: 98%; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; WORD-BREAK: break-all; BORDER-TOP: #cccccc 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 4px"><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif"><span style="COLOR: #000000">gcc </span><span style="COLOR: #800000; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">[</span><span style="COLOR: #800000">閫夐」</span><span style="COLOR: #800000; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">]</span><span style="COLOR: #000000"> 鏂囦歡鍒楄〃<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-ansi        寮哄埗瀹屽叏ANSI涓鑷?br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-c           浠呯紪璇戞垨姹囩紪錛岀敓鎴愮洰鏍囦唬鐮佹枃浠訛紝灝?c銆?i銆?s絳夋枃浠剁敓鎴?o鏂囦歡錛屽叾浣欐枃浠惰蹇界暐<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-S           浠呯紪璇戯紝涓嶈繘琛屾眹緙栧拰閾炬帴錛屽皢.c銆?i絳夋枃浠剁敓鎴?s鏂囦歡錛屽叾浣欐枃浠惰蹇界暐<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-E           浠呴澶勭悊錛屽茍鍙戦侀澶勭悊鍚庣殑.i鏂囦歡鍒版爣鍑嗚緭鍑猴紝鍏朵綑鏂囦歡琚拷鐣?br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-o file      鍒涘緩鍙墽琛屾枃浠跺茍淇濆瓨鍦╢ile涓紝鑰屼笉鏄粯璁ゆ枃浠禷.out<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-g           浜х敓鐢ㄤ簬璋冭瘯鍜屾帓閿欑殑鎵╁睍絎﹀彿琛紝鐢ㄤ簬GDB璋冭瘯錛屽垏璁?g鍜?O閫氬父涓嶈兘涓璧蜂嬌鐢?br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-w           鍙栨秷鎵鏈夎鍛?br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-W           緇欏嚭鏇磋緇嗙殑璀﹀憡<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-O </span><span style="COLOR: #800000; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">[</span><span style="COLOR: #800000">num</span><span style="COLOR: #800000; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">]</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">     浼樺寲錛屽彲浠ユ寚瀹?-3浣滀負浼樺寲綰у埆錛岀駭鍒?琛ㄧず娌℃湁浼樺寲<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-x language  榛樿涓?x none錛屽嵆渚濋潬鍚庣紑鍚嶇‘瀹氭枃浠剁被鍨嬶紝鍔犱笂-x lan紜畾鍚庨潰鎵鏈夋枃浠剁被鍨嬶紝鐩村埌涓嬩竴涓?x鍑虹幇涓烘<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-D macro</span><span style="COLOR: #800000; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">[</span><span style="COLOR: #800000">=</span><span style="COLOR: #800000; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">]</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">  綾諱技浜庢簮紼嬪簭閲岀殑#define錛屽湪-D macro涓殑macro鍙婧愮▼搴忚瘑鍒紝渚嬪gcc -D NUM -D FILE</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">=</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">\</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">"</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">bbs.txt\</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">"</span><span style="COLOR: #000000"> hello.c -o hello錛岀涓涓?D閫夐」瀹氫箟瀹廚UM錛屽湪紼嬪簭涓彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?ifdef鏉ユ鏌ユ槸鍚﹁璁劇疆錛岀浜屼釜-D瀹氫箟瀹廎ILE錛屽湪婧愮▼搴忎腑鍙敤<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-U macro     綾諱技浜庢簮紼嬪簭寮澶村畾涔?undef macro錛屼篃灝辨槸鍙栨秷婧愮▼搴忎腑鐨勬煇涓畯瀹氫箟<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-I dir       灝哾ir鐩綍鍔犲埌鎼滃澶存枃浠剁殑鐩綍涓幓錛屽茍浼樺厛浜巊cc涓己鐪佺殑鎼滅儲鐩綍錛屾湁澶氫釜-I閫夐」鏃訛紝鎸夌収鍑虹幇欏哄簭鎼滅儲<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-L dir       灝哾ir鐩綍鍔犲埌鎼滅儲-lname閫夐」鎸囧畾鐨勫嚱鏁板簱鏂囦歡鐨勭洰褰曞垪琛ㄤ腑鍘伙紝騫朵紭鍏堜簬gcc緙虹渷鐨勬悳绱㈢洰褰曪紝鏈夊涓?L閫夐」鏃訛紝鎸夌収鍑虹幇欏哄簭鎼滅儲<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-lname       鍦ㄩ摼鎺ユ椂浣跨敤鍑芥暟搴搇ibname.a錛岄摼鎺ョ▼搴忓湪-L dir鎸囧畾鐨勭洰褰曞拰/lib銆?usr/lib鐩綍涓嬪鎵捐搴撴枃浠訛紝鍦ㄦ病鏈変嬌鐢?static閫夐」鏃訛紝濡傛灉鍙戠幇鍏變韓鍑芥暟搴搇ibname.so錛屽垯浣跨敤libname.so榪涜鍔ㄦ侀摼鎺?nbsp;       <br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-fPIC        浜х敓浣嶇疆鏃犲叧鐨勭洰鏍囦唬鐮侊紝鍙敤浜庢瀯閫犲叡浜嚱鏁板簱<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-static      紱佹涓庡叡浜嚱鏁板簱閾炬帴<br><img align=top src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif">-shared      灝介噺涓庡叡浜嚱鏁板簱閾炬帴錛堥粯璁わ級</span></div> <p><br>浠ヤ笅鏄粠鏌愪簺鍗氬涓憳褰曠殑浣跨敤渚嬪瓙錛?br><a >http://hi.baidu.com/eng_cheng/blog/item/37c2f3aee20a79c47dd92ab2.html</a><br><br><strong>1.緙栬瘧鍗曚釜鏂囦歡<br></strong>vi hello.c               //鍒涘緩婧愭枃浠秇ello.c<br>gcc -o hello hello.c  //緙栬瘧涓哄彲鎵ц鏂囦歡hello錛屽湪榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬩駭鐢熺殑鍙墽琛屾枃浠跺悕涓篴.out<br>./hello                  //鎵ц鏂囦歡錛屽鏋滃彧鍐檋ello鏄敊璇殑錛屽洜涓虹郴緇熶細灝唄ello褰撴寚浠ゆ潵鎵ц錛岀劧鍚庢姤閿?br><br><strong>2.緙栬瘧澶氫釜婧愭枃浠?br></strong>vi message.c<br>gcc -c message.c         //杈撳嚭message.o鏂囦歡錛屾槸涓涓凡緙栬瘧鐨勭洰鏍囦唬鐮佹枃浠?br>vi main.c<br>gcc -c main.c            //杈撳嚭main.o鏂囦歡<br>gcc -o all main.o message.o    //鎵ц榪炴帴闃舵鐨勫伐浣滐紝鐒跺悗鐢熸垚all鍙墽琛屾枃浠?br>./all<br>娉ㄦ剰錛歡cc瀵瑰浣曞皢澶氫釜婧愭枃浠剁紪璇戞垚涓涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鏈夊唴緗殑瑙勫垯錛屾墍浠ュ墠闈㈢殑澶氫釜鍗曠嫭姝ラ鍙互綆鍖栦負涓涓懡浠ゃ?br>vi message.c<br>vi main.c<br>gcc -o all message.c main.c<br>./all<br><br><strong>3.浣跨敤澶栭儴鍑芥暟搴?/strong><br>GCC甯稿父涓庡寘鍚爣鍑嗕緥紼嬬殑澶栭儴杞歡搴撶粨鍚堜嬌鐢紝鍑犱箮姣忎竴涓猯inux搴旂敤紼嬪簭閮戒緷璧栦簬GNU C鍑芥暟搴揋LIBC銆?br>vi trig.c<br>gcc -o trig -lm trig.c<br>GCC鐨?lm閫夐」錛屽憡璇塆CC鏌ョ湅緋葷粺鎻愪緵鐨勬暟瀛﹀簱libm銆傚嚱鏁板簱涓鑸細浣嶄簬鐩綍/lib鎴栬?usr/lib涓?br><br><strong>4.鍏變韓鍑芥暟搴撳拰闈欐佸嚱鏁板簱<br></strong>闈欐佸嚱鏁板簱錛氭瘡嬈″綋搴旂敤紼嬪簭鍜岄潤鎬佽繛鎺ョ殑鍑芥暟搴撲竴璧風紪璇戞椂錛屼換浣曞紩鐢ㄧ殑搴撳嚱鏁扮殑浠g爜閮戒細琚洿鎺ュ寘鍚繘鏈緇堜簩榪涘埗紼嬪簭銆?br>鍏變韓鍑芥暟搴擄細鍖呭惈姣忎釜搴撳嚱鏁扮殑鍗曚竴鍏ㄥ眬鐗堟湰錛屽畠鍦ㄦ墍鏈夊簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忎箣闂村叡浜?br>vi message.c<br>vi hello.c<br>gcc -c hello.c<br>gcc -fPIC -c message.c<br>gcc -shared -o libmessge.so message.o<br>鍏朵腑錛孭IC鍛戒護琛屾爣璁板憡璇塆CC浜х敓鐨勪唬鐮佷笉瑕佸寘鍚鍑芥暟鍜屽彉閲忓叿浣撳唴瀛樹綅緗殑寮曠敤錛岃繖鏄洜涓虹幇鍦ㄨ繕鏃犳硶鐭ラ亾浣跨敤璇ユ秷鎭唬鐮佺殑搴旂敤紼嬪簭浼氬皢瀹冮摼鎺ュ埌鍝竴孌靛湴鍧絀洪棿銆傝繖鏍風紪璇戣緭鍑虹殑鏂囦歡message.o鍙互琚敤浜庡緩绔嬪叡浜嚱鏁板簱銆?shared鏍囪灝嗘煇鐩爣浠g爜鏂囦歡鍙樻崲鎴愬叡浜嚱鏁板簱鏂囦歡銆?br>gcc -o all -lmessage -L. hello.o<br>-lmessage鏍囪鏉ュ憡璇塆CC鍦ㄨ繛鎺ラ樁孌典嬌鐢ㄥ叡浜暟鎹簱libmessage.so錛?L.鏍囪鍛婅瘔GCC鍑芥暟搴撳彲鑳藉湪褰撳墠鐩綍涓紝棣栧厛鏌ユ壘褰撳墠鐩綍錛屽惁鍒橤CC榪炴帴鍣ㄥ彧浼氭煡鎵劇郴緇熷嚱鏁板簱鐩綍錛屽湪鏈緥鎯呭喌涓嬶紝灝辨壘涓嶅埌鍙敤鐨勫嚱鏁板簱浜嗐?br><br></p> <img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/aggbug/105096.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/" target="_blank">榪滈</a> 2010-01-07 15:46 <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105096.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>閲嶅畾鍚戜笌綆¢亾http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/06/104886.html榪滈榪滈Wed, 06 Jan 2010 02:59:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/06/104886.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/104886.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/06/104886.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/104886.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/104886.html閲嶅畾鍚?br>
Linux shell鎺ユ敹鎴栧彂閫佸緪紓婂拰瀛楃涓叉祦琛屾槸鐨勮緭鍏ユ垨杈撳嚭錛屼笉綆″疄闄呯殑瀛楃涓叉祦榪涘叆鎴栨潵鑷摢涓枃浠躲侀敭鐩樸佹樉紺虹獥鍙g瓑璁懼錛岄兘浣跨敤鏂囦歡I/O鎶鏈潵璁塊棶嫻併侺inux shell浣跨敤3縐嶆爣鍑嗙殑I/O嫻侊紝姣忕嫻侀兘涓庝竴涓枃浠舵弿榪扮鐩稿叧錛?br>1.stdout鏄爣鍑嗚緭鍑烘祦錛屾樉紺烘潵鑷懡浠ょ殑杈撳嚭錛屾枃浠舵弿榪扮涓?
2.stderr鏄爣鍑嗛敊璇祦錛屾樉紺烘潵鑷懡浠ょ殑閿欒杈撳嚭錛屾枃浠舵弿榪扮涓?
3.stdin鏄爣鍑嗚緭鍏ユ祦錛屼負鍛戒護鎻愪緵杈撳叆錛屾枃浠舵弿榪扮涓?

閲嶅畾鍚戣緭鍑猴細
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>            杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨璁懼錛岃鐩栧師鏉ョ殑鏂囦歡
>!           杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨璁懼錛屽己鍒惰鐩栧師鏉ョ殑鏂囦歡
>>          杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨璁懼錛岃拷鍔犲師鏉ョ殑鏂囦歡
n>          鏍囧噯杈撳嚭/鏍囧噯閿欒閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨鑰呰澶囷紝瑕嗙洊鍘熸潵鏂囦歡錛?涓洪粯璁わ級
n>>        鏍囧噯杈撳嚭/鏍囧噯閿欒閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨鑰呰澶囷紝榪藉姞鍘熸潵鐨勬枃浠訛紙1涓洪粯璁わ級
m>&n     鏍囧噯杈撳嚭/鏍囧噯閿欒閲嶅畾鍚戝埌鏍囧噯閿欒杈撳嚭/鏍囧噯閿欒
m>>&n
&>         灝嗘爣鍑嗚緭鍑哄拰鏍囧噯閿欒閲嶅畾鍚戝埌鍚屼竴涓枃浠朵腑
&>>
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娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.浠ヤ笅涓や釜鎸囦護錛?br>command 2>&1 1>output.txt
command 1>output.txt 2>&1
榪欎釜鎸囦護鏄笉涓鏍風殑錛?span style="COLOR: red">絎竴縐嶆儏鍐典腑錛宻tderr琚噸瀹氬悜鍒皊tdout鐨勫綋鍓嶄綅緗紝鐒跺悗鍐嶅皢stdout閲嶅畾鍚戝埌output.txt錛屼絾1>output.txt鍙獎鍝峴tdout錛屼笉褰卞搷stderr銆傜浜岀鎯呭喌涓紝stderr琚噸瀹氬悜鍒皊tdout鐨勫綋鍓嶄綅緗紝鍗硂utput.txt涓?/span>銆?br>2.鍙互灝嗛夋嫨鐨勬祦閲嶅畾鍚戝埌絀烘枃浠?dev/null錛岃繖鏍風浉褰撲簬瀹屽叏蹇界暐鎵閫夌殑鏍囧噯嫻併備嬌鐢╟at鍛戒護鏄劇ず/dev/null鏄┖鐨勩?br>3.鏂囦歡閲嶅畾鍚戠殑鍛戒護琛屽唴瀹規槸浠庡乏鍒板彸浼扮畻鐨?/span>銆備互涓嬮潰鐨勪袱涓懡浠や負渚嬶細
sort 0<students 1>students.sorted 2>sort.error
濡傛灉涓婅堪鍛戒護涓洜涓簊tudents鏂囦歡涓嶅瓨鍦ㄨ屾棤娉曞惎鍔紝閭d箞1>students.sorted 2>sort.error榪欎竴孌典究鏃犳硶鎵ц錛屾墍浠ラ敊璇秷鎭緷鐒惰鍙戦佸埌鏄劇ず灞忥紝鑰屼笉鏄繚瀛樺埌鏂囦歡sort.error涓?br>sort 2>sort.error 0<students 1>students.sorted
涓婅堪鍛戒護瑙e喅浜嗚繖涓棶棰橈紝濡傛灉sort鍛戒護涓嶈兘鍚姩鏄洜涓簊tudents鏂囦歡涓嶅瓨鍦紝閿欒娑堟伅浼氳淇濈暀鍒版枃浠秙ort.error涓紝鍥犱負shell鍦ㄧ‘瀹氭枃浠秙tudents涓嶅瓨鍦ㄤ箣鍓嶅氨宸茬粡澶勭悊浜嗛敊璇緭鍑洪噸瀹氬悜銆?br>
閲嶅畾鍚戣緭鍏ワ細
-------------------------------------------------------------
<        杈撳叆閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓▼搴忥紝濡倀r ' ' '\n' < text
0<      鏍囧噯杈撳叆閲嶅畾鍚?br>-------------------------------------------------------------
娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.杈撳叆閲嶅畾鍚戜笌綆¢亾鏄彲浠ヤ簰鎹㈢殑錛屼緥濡俢at file | tr ' ' '\t'浣跨敤綆¢亾鍛戒護灝哻at鎸囦護鐨勬爣鍑嗚緭鍑烘灉浣滀負tr鎸囦護鐨勬爣鍑嗚緭鍏ワ紝鍙互鍐欐垚tr ' ' '\t' < file銆?br>2.shell瀛樺湪here-document鐨勬蹇碉紝榪欐槸鍙︿竴縐嶈緭鍏ラ噸瀹氬悜鐨勫艦寮?/span>錛屽畠灝?lt;<鍜屼竴涓崟璇嶇粨鍚堟瀯鎴愪竴涓爣璁幫紝鐢ㄦ潵琛ㄧず杈撳叆绔粨鏉熺錛屼緥濡傦細
sort -n << END
璇ユ寚浠ゆ帴鏀舵潵鑷爣鍑嗚緭鍏ョ鐨勫瓧絎︼紝鐩村埌END涓烘錛岀劧鍚巗ort鎺掑簭銆傚綋鐒朵篃鍙互浣跨敤sort -n浠ュ強CTRL+D鏉ヤ唬鏇褲?br>
綆¢亾

1.鍦ㄤ袱涓懡浠や箣闂翠嬌鐢ㄧ閬搢鎿嶄綔絎﹀皢鍓嶄竴涓懡浠ょ殑stdout鎸囧悜絎簩涓懡浠ょ殑stdin錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃娣誨姞鏇村鐨勫懡浠ゅ拰綆¢亾鎿嶄綔絎︽潵鏋勯犳洿闀跨殑綆¢亾綰褲備嬌鐢ㄧ閬撴搷浣滅鍚庯紝鍙互浣跨敤榪炲瓧絎?鍙栦唬鏂囦歡鍚嶄綔涓轟竴涓弬鏁幫紝鐢ㄤ簬琛ㄨ堪杈撳叆鏉ヨ嚜stdin鑰屼笉鏄枃浠躲?br>2.闇瑕佹敞鎰忥紝綆¢亾綰夸粎灝唖tdout瀵煎悜stdin錛屼笉鑳戒嬌鐢?|榪欐牱鐨勫艦寮忓崟鐙埌澶剆tderr錛屼絾鏄彲浠ュ厛灝唖tderr閲嶅畾鍚戝埌stdout錛岀劧鍚庝嬌鐢ㄧ閬撳懡浠わ紝渚嬪ls y* x* z* 2>&1 | sort銆?br>3.綆¢亾涓嶆秹鍙婂埌涓棿鏂囦歡錛岀涓涓懡浠ょ殑stdout娌℃湁鍐欏埌涓涓枃浠朵腑錛岀劧鍚庡啀鐢辯浜屼釜鍛戒護璇誨彇錛堢浉褰撲簬閲嶅畾鍚戠殑鍐欐硶錛夛紝渚嬪bunzip2 -c somefile.tar.bz2 | tar -xvf -鍛戒護銆?br>
涓庣閬撶浉鍏崇殑涓浜涙寚浠?br>
cut -d "鍒嗗壊瀛楃" [-cf] fields file
         //浣跨敤鏌愬垎闅旂鍒嗗壊騫跺垪鍑鴻姹傜殑鍖哄煙
-d    鍚庨潰鎺ョ殑鏄垎鍓插瓧絎︼紝榛樿鏄┖鏍肩
-c    鍚庨潰鎺ョ殑鏄鍑犱釜瀛楃
-f    鍚庨潰鎺ョ殑鏄鍑犱釜鍖哄潡
渚嬪瓙錛?br>cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ":" -f 1
灝唒asswd鏂囦歡涓瘡涓琛岄噷鐨?:"鐢ㄤ綔鍒嗛殧絎︼紝鍒楀嚭絎竴涓尯鍧椼?br>last | cut -d " " -f 1
浠ョ┖鏍間綔涓哄垎闅旓紝騫跺垪鍑虹涓涓尯鍧椼?br>
sort [-t 鍒嗛殧絎 [(+璧峰)(-緇撴潫)] [-nru] file       //鎺掑簭
-t     鍒嗛殧絎︼紝鐢ㄦ潵闅斿紑涓嶅悓鐨勫尯鍧楋紝榛樿鏄疶AB
-n    浣跨敤綰暟瀛楁帓搴忥紙榛樿浠ュ瓧姣嶆柟寮忔帓搴忥級
-r    鍙嶅悜鎺掑簭
-u    鐩稿悓鍑虹幇鐨勪竴琛岋紝鍙垪鍑轟竴嬈?br>+start -end    鐢辯start鍖哄潡鎺掑簭鍒扮end鍖哄潡

wc [-lmw] file
-l      璁$畻鏈夊灝戣
-m    璁$畻鏈夊灝戝瓧絎?br>-w    璁$畻鏈夊灝戝瓧
wc鐢ㄤ簬緇熻錛屼緥濡傝鐭ラ亾鐩墠甯愬彿鏂囦歡閲屾湁澶氬皯甯愬彿錛屽氨鏄敤wc -l錛屽洜涓?etc/passwd閲屼竴琛屼唬琛ㄤ竴涓敤鎴鳳紝鍗籌細cat /etc/passwd | wc -l銆?br>
uniq [-cdu] inputfile [outputfile]          //榛樿鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず鎵鏈夌殑琛屼竴嬈?br>-c    鐢ㄤ簬璁$畻姣忚鍑虹幇鐨勬鏁?br>-d    鍙墦鍗頒笉閲嶅鐨勮
-u    鍙墦鍗伴噸澶嶇殑琛?br>渚嬪錛?br>last | cut -d " " -f 1 | sort | uniq

tee file
tee鍛戒護灝嗘暟鎹悓鏃舵樉紺哄湪灞忓箷涓婂拰鏂囦歡涓紝浣跨敤鏂瑰紡濡備笅錛?br>last | tee file | cut -d " " -f 1
last鐨勮緭鍑烘暟鎹紶鍏ile涓紝涔熶細鍚屾椂浼犵粰stdout銆?br>
tr [-ds] SET1 [SET2]                //浠庢爣鍑嗚緭鍏ヤ腑緲昏瘧銆佸垹闄ゅ瓧絎︿覆錛屽茍鍐欏埌鏍囧噯杈撳嚭涓?br>-d    鍒犻櫎SET1榪欎釜瀛楃涓?br>-s    瀵筍ET1鍑虹幇鐨勫瓧絎︼紝褰撹繛緇嚭鐜版椂浠呮墦鍗頒竴嬈?br>渚嬪錛?br>cat /etc/passwd | tr -d :
榪欎釜鍛戒護浼氬垹闄?:'榪欎釜絎﹀彿騫舵樉紺鴻緭鍑恒?br>last | tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]'
榪欎釜鍛戒護灝嗗皬鍐欐敼鎴愬ぇ鍐欙紝鍙栦唬鍘熸湁鐨勫瓧絎︺?br>
split [-bl num] 杈撳叆鏂囦歡 杈撳嚭鏂囦歡鍓嶅瀛楃
-b    浠ユ枃浠秙ize鏉ュ垎
-l    浠ヨ鏁版潵鍒?br>璇ユ寚浠ゅ皢鏌愭枃浠跺唴瀹瑰垎鍓叉垚鍑犱釜瀛愭枃浠訛紝瀛愭枃浠跺悕瀛椾負鍓嶅瀛楃+aa銆乤b銆乤c絳夛紝浣跨敤-l鎸囧畾姣忎釜鏂囦歡鐨勮鏁幫紝浣跨敤-b鎸囧畾姣忎釜鏂囦歡鐨勫ぇ灝忋?br>渚嬪瓙錛?br>split -l 5 /etc/passwd test    //浜х敓testaa銆乼estab絳夋枃浠躲?/p>


榪滈 2010-01-06 10:59 鍙戣〃璇勮
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vi甯哥敤鎸囦護http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/05/104841.html榪滈榪滈Tue, 05 Jan 2010 08:57:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/05/104841.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/104841.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/05/104841.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/104841.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/104841.html涓鑸ā寮忥細
0       縐誨埌榪欎竴琛岀殑絎竴涓瓧絎﹀
$       縐誨埌榪欎竴琛岀殑鏈鍚庝竴涓瓧絎﹀
G      縐誨埌榪欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勬渶鍚庝竴琛岀涓涓瓧絎?br>gg     縐誨埌榪欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勯琛岀涓涓瓧絎?br>x       鍚戝悗鍒犻櫎涓涓瓧絎?br>X      鍚戝墠鍒犻櫎涓涓瓧絎?br>dd     鍒犻櫎鍏夋爣鎵鍦ㄧ殑涓鏁磋
ndd   鍒犻櫎鍏夋爣鎵鍦ㄨ鐨勫悜涓媙琛?br>yy     澶嶅埗鍏夋爣鎵鍦ㄨ
nyy   澶嶅埗鍏夋爣鎵鍦ㄨ鐨勫悜涓媙琛?br>p,P    p涓虹矘璐村湪鍏夋爣涓嬩竴琛岋紝P涓虹矘璐村湪鍏夋爣涓婁竴琛?br>u       鎭㈠鍓嶄竴涓姩浣?br>J       灝嗗厜鏍囨墍鍦ㄨ涓庝笅涓琛岀粨鍚堟垚涓鍒?br>n<Enter>    鍏夋爣鍚戜笅縐誨姩n琛?br>
鍛戒護琛屾ā寮忥細
:w             灝嗙紪杈戠殑鏁版嵁鍐欏叆紜洏鏂囦歡涓?br>:w!            寮哄埗淇濆瓨
:q              閫鍑簐i
:q!             寮哄埗閫鍑簐i錛屼笉淇濆瓨鏂囦歡
:wq           淇濆瓨鍚庨鍑?br>:wq!          寮哄埗淇濆瓨鍚庨鍑?br>:w file        灝嗘暟鎹繚瀛樹負鍙︿竴涓枃浠訛紝鍘熸枃浠朵笉鍙?nbsp;
:n1,n2 w file  灝唍1琛屽埌n2琛岀殑鍐呭淇濆瓨涓篺ile鏂囦歡
:set nu           鏄劇ず琛屽彿
:set nonu       涓嶆樉紺鴻鍙?br>:/word           鍦ㄥ厜鏍囦箣鍚庢煡鎵句竴涓悕涓簑ord鐨勫瓧絎︿覆
:?word          鍦ㄥ厜鏍囦箣鍓嶆煡鎵句竴涓悕涓簑ord鐨勫瓧絎︿覆
:n1,n2 s/word1/word2/g     鍦ㄧn1涓庣n2琛屼箣闂存煡鎵緒ord1榪欎釜瀛楃涓詫紝騫跺皢璇ュ瓧絎︿覆鏇挎崲涓簑ord2錛屼緥濡俷1涓?錛宯2涓?
:n1,n2 s/word1/word2/gc   鍚屼笂錛屽茍鏄劇ず鎻愮ず絎︿緵鐢ㄦ埛紜




榪滈 2010-01-05 16:57 鍙戣〃璇勮
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Linux甯哥敤鎸囦護姹囨?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/04/104609.html</link><dc:creator>榪滈</dc:creator><author>榪滈</author><pubDate>Mon, 04 Jan 2010 08:53:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/04/104609.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/104609.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/04/104609.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/104609.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/104609.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p>鎻愪緵銆奓inux鍛戒護澶у叏.chm銆嬫枃浠訛紝涓嬭澆鍦板潃涓猴細<br><a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/Files/amazon/Linux鍛戒護澶у叏.rar">/Files/amazon/Linux鍛戒護澶у叏.rar</a><br><br>shutdown鎸囦護錛?br>shutdown鍛戒護鐢ㄤ簬緇堟鎿嶄綔緋葷粺銆侀噸寮鏈烘垨鑰呭悜鎵鏈夌敤鎴蜂紶閫佷俊鎭紝鍏蜂綋璺緞涓?sbin/shutdown錛屽彧鏈塺oot鏉冮檺鎵嶆湁鏉冭繍琛屾鍛戒護銆?br><strong>shutdown [-t seconds] [-arkhncfF] minutes [璀﹀憡淇℃伅]<br></strong>-h    shutdown鍚庣珛鍗砲alt<br>-k    涓峴hutdown錛屼粎鍙戦佽鍛婁俊鎭粰鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br>-r    shutdown鍚庨噸鏂板紑鏈?br>-n    闈炴甯告柟寮忓叧鏈猴紝鐢ㄥ己榪殑鏂瑰紡kill鎺夋墍鏈夌▼搴忕劧鍚庡叧鏈?br>-t sec    鍦ㄨ鍛婁俊鎭拰鍏蟲満淇″彿涔嬮棿鏈塻ec縐掔殑寤惰繜<br>-f    鍏蟲満騫跺紑鏈哄悗錛岀暐榪噁sck宸ュ叿鐨勭鐩樻鏌?br>-F   鍏蟲満騫跺紑鏈哄悗錛屽己鍒秄sck宸ュ叿鐨勭鐩樻鏌?br>-c   鍙栨秷shutdown鎸囦護錛屼笉闇瑕佷嬌鐢╩inutes鍙傛暟錛屼絾鏄彲浠ユ湁璀﹀憡淇℃伅<br><span style="COLOR: #ff0000">娉ㄦ剰錛歮inutes鍙傛暟鏄己鍒舵х殑錛屽彲浠ョ敤now琛ㄧず绔嬪嵆鍏蟲満銆?br><br></span>linux鏂囦歡灞炴э細<br>-rwxrwx---<br>絎竴涓睘鎬т唬琛ㄦ枃浠舵槸鐩綍錛坉錛夈佹枃浠訛紙-錛夈侀摼鎺ユ枃浠訛紙l錛夈佽澶囨枃浠朵腑渚涘瓨鍌ㄧ殑鎺ュ彛璁懼錛坆錛夈佽澶囨枃浠朵腑鐨勪覆鍙h澶囧閿洏榧犳爣錛坈錛夈?br>鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ殑灞炴?涓負涓緇勶紝鍏朵腑r浠h〃鍙銆亀浠h〃鍙啓銆亁浠h〃鍙墽琛屻?浠h〃涓嶅叿澶囨煇涓睘鎬с傜涓緇勪負鎷ユ湁鑰呯殑鏉冮檺錛岀浜岀粍涓虹兢緇勭殑鏉冮檺錛岀涓夌粍涓哄叾浠栭潪鏈兢緇勭殑鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬潈闄愩?br>瀵逛簬鐩綍鐨勬潈闄愯棰濆娉ㄦ剰銆傚鏋滃鏌愮洰褰曠殑鏉冮檺鏄痳wx錛岄偅涔堝彲璇誨彲鍐欏彲鎵ц錛涘鏋滄潈闄愭槸r-x錛岄偅涔堝彲璇誨彲榪涘叆錛屼絾鏃犳硶鍐欏叆錛涘鏋滄潈闄愭槸r--錛岄偅涔堜笉鍙繘鍏ヨ鐩綍銆傛敞鎰忥細<span style="COLOR: #ff0000">鐩綍涓巟鐨勫叧緋誨緢閲嶈錛屽鏋滄煇鐢ㄦ埛瀵規煇鐩綍娌℃湁x鏉冮檺錛岃嚜鐒朵篃灝辨棤娉曟墽琛宭s銆乧d絳夋寚浠わ紝鎵浠ヤ篃灝辨棤娉曡繘鍏ョ洰褰?/span>銆傚鏋滄煇鐢ㄦ埛瀵規煇鐩綍浠呮湁r鐨勬潈闄愶紝鏄笉鑳借繘鍏ヨ鐩綍鐨勩?br><span style="COLOR: #000000">linux涓嬬殑鏂囦歡鏄惁鍙墽琛屼笌鍚庣紑鍚嶆棤鍏籌紝鑰屾槸鐢眡榪欎釜灞炴ф潵鍐沖畾鐨勶紝鍚庣紑</span>浠呰搗鍒頒慨楗扮殑浣滅敤銆傛枃浠跺悕涔嬪墠濡傛灉鏈変竴涓?."錛岃鏄庤鏂囦歡鏄殣钘忔枃浠訛紝渚嬪“.bashrc_history”錛屼嬌鐢╨s -al鍙互鏄劇ず闅愯棌鏂囨。銆?br><br>鏀瑰彉鎵鍦ㄧ兢緇?bin/chgrp錛?br><strong>chgrp group file/dir</strong><br>娉ㄦ剰錛氭敼鍙樼殑緹ょ粍鍚嶅繀欏誨湪/etc/group涓瓨鍦紝鍚﹀垯浼氭樉紺洪敊璇?<br><br>鏀瑰彉鎷ユ湁鑰?bin/chown錛?br><strong>chown [-R] owner file/dir<br>chown [-R] owner:group file/dir</strong><br>-R    寰幆鍦板皢璇ョ洰褰曚笅鐨勬墍鏈夋枃浠墮兘鏀規垚owner涓巊roup鐨勫悕縐幫紝鑰屼笉浠呬粎鏄鐩綍<br> <br>鏀瑰彉鏉冮檺/bin/chmod錛?br><strong>chmod [-R] xyz file/dir</strong><br>-R    寰幆鍦板皢璇ョ洰褰曚笅鐨勬枃浠墮兘鏀瑰彉錛岃屼笉浠呬粎鏄鐩綍<br>xyz涓轟笁緇剅wx灞炴ф暟鍊肩殑鐩稿姞錛屽叾涓璻涓?錛寃涓?錛寈涓?錛岄偅涔?wx灝辨槸3錛宺wx灝辨槸7銆?br><strong>chmod [-R] u=,o=,g= file/dir</strong><br>鍏朵腑錛?br>u鏄痷ser錛実鏄痝roup錛宱鏄痮thers錛宎鏄墍鏈変笁緇勩備緥濡傦細chmod u=rwx,og=rx file錛宑hmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=r file銆?br>+鏄姞鍏ワ紝-鏄櫎鍘匯俢hmod a+w file/dir錛宑hmod u-x file/dir銆?br><br>chattr/lsattr錛?br><span style="COLOR: #ff0000">寰呮煡銆?br></span></p> <br>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>cd鍛戒護錛?br><strong>cd 鐩稿璺緞/緇濆璺緞</strong><br>鐧誨叆linux緋葷粺鍚庯紝root鐨勫伐浣滆礬寰勪細鑷姩鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鐩綍涓嬶紝鑰岀敤鎴蜂細鑷姩杞埌/home/user涓嬨?br><br>/bin/pwd鍛戒護錛?br><strong>pwd</strong><br>pwd鐢ㄤ簬鏄劇ず褰撳墠鎵鍦ㄧ洰褰曘?br><br>/bin/mkdir鍜?bin/rmdir鍛戒護錛?br><strong>mkdir [-p] 鐩綍鍚嶇О<br></strong>-p    欏哄簭鍒涘緩鐩綍鍜屽瓙鐩綍錛屼緥濡俶kdir -p a/b/c錛屽垯欏哄簭寤虹珛a銆乤/b鍜宎/b/c銆?br>mkdir寤虹珛鏂扮殑鐩綍錛屽挨鍏舵敞鎰忥細<span style="COLOR: #ff0000">褰撳緩绔?home/amazon/test鐨勭洰褰曟椂錛屽繀欏葷‘淇濆墠闈㈢殑鐩綍閮藉瓨鍦?/span>銆?br><strong>rmdir 鐩綍鍚嶇О<br></strong>-p    欏哄簭鍒犻櫎鐩綍鍜屽瓙鐩綍錛屽悓涓娿?br>rmdir鍒犻櫎鏃ф湁鐨勭洰褰曪紝鐩綍闇瑕佸眰灞傚垹闄わ紝鑰屼笖<span style="COLOR: #ff0000">琚垹闄ょ殑鐩綍涓笉鑳芥湁鍏朵粬鐨勭洰褰曟垨鏂囦歡</span>錛岄櫎闈炰嬌鐢╮m -rf 鐩綍鍚嶇О 榪欐牱鐨勫懡浠ゃ?br><br>/bin/ls鍛戒護錛?br><strong>ls [-ailS]</strong><br>-a    鍒楀嚭鎵鏈夋枃浠訛紙鍖呮嫭闅愯棌鏂囨。錛?br>-i    鎵撳嵃inode鐨勫?br>-l    璇︾粏鍒楀嚭錛屽寘鎷枃浠跺ぇ灝忥紝灞炴ф暟鎹瓑<br>-S   浠ユ枃浠跺ぇ灝忔帓搴?br>--color=never 涓嶆樉紺洪鑹?br>--color=always 鎬繪樉紺洪鑹?br>--color=auto 鐢辯郴緇熻嚜琛屽垽鏂?br>濡傛灉鎯充嬌ls榛樿娌℃湁棰滆壊錛屽彲浠ュ湪/root/.bashrc鎴栬呮牴鐢ㄦ埛鐨?bashrc鏂囦歡涓姞鍏ヤ笅闈㈢殑浠g爜錛?br>alias ls='ls --color=never'<br><br>/bin/cp鍛戒護錛?br><strong>cp [-drsu] 婧愭枃浠?鐩爣鏂囦歡</strong><br>-r    鍙互榪涜鐩綍鐨勫鍒?br>-s    鍋氭垚絎﹀彿閾炬帴鏂囦歡錛屼笌ln鎸囦護鍔熻兘鐩稿悓<br>-u    濡傛灉婧愭枃浠惰緝鏂幫紝鎴栬呮病鏈夌洰鏍囨枃浠訛紝鎵嶄細榪涜澶嶅埗鍔ㄤ綔錛屽彲鐢ㄤ簬澶囦喚鎿嶄綔<br>-d   濡傛灉鏄鍒墮摼鎺ユ枃浠訛紝鑻ヤ笉鍔犱換浣曞弬鏁板垯榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬩細灝嗛摼鎺ュ埌鐨勬簮鏂囦歡澶嶅埗鍒扮洰鐨勫湴錛涜嫢鍔?d錛屽垯閾炬帴鏂囦歡鍙師灝佷笉鍔ㄥ湴閾炬帴榪欎釜蹇嵎鏂瑰紡鍒扮洰鐨勫湴錛屽嵆淇濈暀杞‖閾炬帴<br><span style="COLOR: red">娉ㄦ剰錛氬彧鏈夌洰鏍囪礬寰勮岀己灝戠洰鏍囨枃浠剁殑璇濓紝鍙婧愮洰褰曚笌鐩爣鐩綍涓嶇浉鍚屽嵆鍙紝澶嶅埗鍚庣殑鐩爣鏂囦歡涓庢簮鏂囦歡鍚屽悕銆?/span> <br><br>/bin/rm鍛戒護錛?br><strong>rm [-irf] 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong><br>-i    鎻愪緵鐢ㄦ埛紜錛堥粯璁ゅ鹼級<br>-r    寰幆鍒犻櫎錛岀洿鍒版病鏈変笢瑗夸負姝?br>-f    寮哄埗鍒犻櫎<br><span style="COLOR: red">娉ㄦ剰錛?rf鍙互榪炵畫鍒犻櫎鏌愮洰褰曚笅鎵鏈夋枃浠朵笌鐩綍錛屼互鍙婅鐩綍鏈韓銆?/span><br><br>/bin/mv鍛戒護錛?br><strong>mv [-u] 婧愭枃浠?鐩爣鏂囦歡<br></strong>-u 涓簎pdate鐨勭緝鍐欙紝褰撴簮鏂囦歡姣旂洰鏍囨枃浠惰繕鏂版椂鎵嶄細鍔ㄤ綔<br>紺轟緥錛?br>mv file file.new       //鏇存敼鏂囦歡鍚?br>mv file1 file2 /tmp  //鏈鍚庝竴涓?tmp鎵嶆槸鐩爣鏂囦歡鐩綍錛宖ile1鍜宖ile2鏄簮鏂囦歡<br><br>/bin/cat鍜?bin/tac鍛戒護錛?br><strong>cat [-n] 鏂囦歡鍚?br></strong>-n 鏄劇ず鏃訛紝榪炶鍙蜂竴璧瘋緭鍑哄埌灞忓箷涓?br><strong>tac 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong><br>tac鍒氬ソ灝哻at鍙嶅啓榪囨潵錛屼粠鏈鍚庝竴琛屽埌絎竴琛屽弽鍚戞樉紺哄湪灞忓箷涓娿?br><br>/bin/more鍜?usr/bin/less鍛戒護錛?br><strong>more 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong><br>more鍛戒護鍙互涓欏典竴欏靛湴鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍐呭錛岃岄氬父鎯呭喌涓嬬敤cat娌℃硶鐪嬫竻妤氥俶ore涔熷彲浠ョ敤鏉ラ厤鍚堢閬撲嬌鐢紝渚嬪ls -al | more鍙互灝嗘樉紺虹殑鍐呭涓欏典竴欏靛湴鍒楀嚭銆?br><strong>less 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong><br>浣跨敤more鏃舵棤娉曞悜鍓嶇炕鐪嬶紝鑰屼嬌鐢╨ess灝卞彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╬ageup鍜宲agedown鍚戝墠鍚戝悗緲葷湅銆?br><br>/usr/bin/head鍜?usr/bin/tail鍛戒護錛?br><strong>head [-n number] 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong><br>鏄劇ず涓涓枃浠剁殑鍓嶅嚑琛岋紝鑻ユ病鏈夊姞涓?n鍙傛暟錛岄粯璁ゆ樉紺哄墠10琛岋紝鑻ュ彧鎯蟲樉紺轟竴琛岋紝鍙互杈撳叆head -n 1 filename銆?br><strong>tail [-n number] 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong><br>鍚屼笂銆?br><span style="COLOR: red">渚嬪瓙錛氳姹傝緭鍑烘煇鏂囦歡鐨勭n琛屽埌絎琻+m琛岋紝鍙互浣跨敤head -n n+m file | tail -n m榪欐牱鐨勬寚浠ゃ?br><br></span>/usr/bin/nl鍛戒護錛?br><strong>nl 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong><br>nl鎸囦護鐨勭敤娉曞拰cat -n鐢ㄦ硶鐩鎬技錛屽嵆鏌ョ湅鏂囦歡鐨勫悓鏃朵篃鍙互鏄劇ず琛屽彿銆?br><br>/usr/bin/od鍛戒護錛?br><strong>od 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong><br>od鐢ㄤ簬璇誨彇闈濧SCII鏂囦歡錛屼緥濡備簩榪涘埗鏂囦歡錛屼嬌鐢╟at鎴栬卾i璇誨彇浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠舵槸涔辯爜銆?br><br>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>紜摼鎺?絎﹀彿閾炬帴錛?br>hard link灝辨槸閲嶆柊寤虹珛涓涓猧node閾炬帴鍒版枃浠舵斁緗殑block鍧楋紝騫跺湪鏌ヨ鏃跺埄鐢ㄥ師鏉ョ殑inode涓庡悗鏉ユ坊鍔犵殑inode鍧囧彲鎸囧畾鍒拌鏂囦歡鏀劇疆鐨勫湴鐐癸紝璇誨彇涓や釜indoe鐨勭粨鏋滈兘鏄瓨鍙栧悓涓涓枃浠剁殑鍐呭銆備絾鏄嬌鐢ㄧ‖閾炬帴鏈変袱涓渶澶ч檺鍒訛細<br>1.涓嶈兘璺ㄦ枃浠剁郴緇燂紝鍥犱負涓嶅悓鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏈変笉鍚岀殑inode table錛?br>2.涓嶈兘閾炬帴鐩綍錛屽洜涓虹洰褰曟湰韜笉鏄枃浠訛紝浠呬粎娑堣梚node鑰屾病鏈塨lock錛岃宨node鏄摼鎺ュ埌block鍧楃殑銆?br>symbolic link灝辨槸鍐嶅緩绔嬩竴涓嫭绔嬫枃浠訛紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡浼氳鏁版嵁璇誨彇鎿嶄綔鎸囧悜瀹冮摼鎺ョ殑閭d釜鏂囦歡銆傚叾緙虹偣鍦ㄤ簬錛屽綋婧愭枃浠惰鍒犻櫎錛岀鍙烽摼鎺ョ殑鏂囦歡灝辨墦涓嶅紑浜嗭紝灞忓箷鏄劇ず“鏃犳硶寮鍚煇鏂囦歡”銆?br><br><strong>ln [-s] 婧愭枃浠?鐩爣鏂囦歡<br></strong>-s    鎻愪緵絎﹀彿閾炬帴錛屼笉鍔犺鍙傛暟涓虹‖閾炬帴<br>鍋囪a涓烘枃浠訛紝a.hard涓虹‖閾炬帴鏂囦歡錛宎.sym涓虹鍙烽摼鎺ユ枃浠訛紝閭d箞浣跨敤rm a涔嬪悗錛宮ore a.hard渚濈劧姝e父鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍐呭錛岃宮ore s.sym鏄劇ず“涓嶅瓨鍦ㄨ鐩綍鎴栨枃浠?#8221;銆傝繖鏄洜涓篴.sym涓虹鍙烽摼鎺ユ枃浠訛紝瀵瑰叾榪涜鎿嶄綔鐩稿綋浜庡a鎸囧畾鐨刡lock鍐呮枃浠惰繘琛屾搷浣滐紱鑰宎.hard涓虹‖閾炬帴鏂囦歡錛岀浉褰撲簬a鐨勫彟澶栦竴涓埆鍚嶏紝鍘繪帀a鍙槸鍘繪帀浜嗗叾涓竴涓埆鍚嶈屽凡錛屼絾鏂囦歡榪樺湪block涓?br><br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>/usr/bin/which銆?usr/bin/whereis鍜?usr/bin/find絳夋寚浠わ細<br><br><strong>which command</strong><br>which鏌ョ湅鍛戒護鎵鍦ㄥ彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鐨勪綅緗紙浠呬粎鏄彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛夛紝鍗抽氳繃PATH鐜鍙橀噺鍒拌璺緞鍐呭鎵懼彲鎵ц鏂囦歡銆?br><br><strong>whereis [-bmsu] command</strong><br>-b    鍙鎵句簩榪涘埗鏂囦歡<br>-m   鍙鎵懼湪璇存槑鏂囦歡manual璺緞涓嬬殑鏂囦歡<br>-s    鍙鎵緎ource婧愭枃浠?br>-u    鍙鎵鵑潪璇存槑鏂囨。鐨勬枃浠?br>whereis灝嗗懡浠よ鎵鍦ㄦ枃浠剁殑璺緞鍒楀嚭鏉ャ?br><br><strong>find 璺緞 [鍙傛暟]<br></strong>find鍛戒護灝嗘煇涓璺緞涓嬬殑鏂囦歡鍒楀嵃鍑烘潵銆?br>-atime n      灝唍×24灝忔椂鍐呰瀛樺彇榪囩殑鏂囦歡鍒楀嚭鏉?br>-ctime n      灝唍×24灝忔椂鍐呰鏀瑰彉銆佹柊澧炵殑鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曞垪鍑烘潵<br>-mtime n      灝唍×24灝忔椂鍐呰淇敼榪囩殑鏂囦歡鍒楀嚭鏉?br>-newer file   鎶婃瘮file榪樿鏂扮殑鏂囦歡鍒楀嚭鏉?br>-gid n        瀵繪壘緹ょ粍ID涓簄鐨勬枃浠?br>-group name   瀵繪壘緹ょ粍鍚嶇О涓簄ame鐨勬枃浠?br>-uid n        瀵繪壘鎷ユ湁鑰匢D涓簄鐨勬枃浠?br>-user name    瀵繪壘鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶄負name鐨勬枃浠?br>-name file    瀵繪壘鏂囦歡鍚嶄負file鐨勬枃浠?br>-type type    瀵繪壘鏂囦歡灞炴т負type鐨勬枃浠訛紝鍖呮嫭b銆乧銆乨銆乸銆乴銆乻絳夈?br><br><strong>locate dir/file</strong><br>浣跨敤locate鏌ユ壘鏁版嵁姣攆ind蹇紝鍥犱負locate鏄粠宸茬粡寤虹珛鐨勬暟鎹簱/var/lib/slocate涓煡鎵炬暟鎹紝涓嶇敤鐩存帴鍦ㄧ‖鐩樹腑瀛樺彇鏁版嵁銆?br><br>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>鏌ョ湅紜洏鎴栫洰褰曠殑瀹歸噺鎸囦護/bin/df鍜?bin/du錛?br><br><strong>df [-ikm]</strong><br>鏌ョ湅紜洏鐨勬誨閲忋佸凡鐢ㄥ閲忎笌inode絳夈?br>-i     浣跨敤inodes鏄劇ず緇撴灉<br>-k    浣跨敤KBytes鏄劇ず緇撴灉錛堥粯璁わ級<br>-m   浣跨敤MBytes鏄劇ず緇撴灉<br><br><strong>du [-abckms] [鐩綍鍚嶇О]</strong> 錛堢渷鐣ヨ〃紺哄綋鍓嶆墍鍦ㄧ洰褰曪級<br>緇熻鏌愮洰褰曚笅鐨勬枃浠跺閲忋?br>-a    鍒楀嚭鎵鏈夌殑鏂囦歡涓庣洰褰曪紝榛樿鍊兼槸鍒楀嚭鐩綍鐨勫?br>-b    鍒楀嚭鐨勫間互bytes杈撳嚭<br>-c    鏈鍚庢眰鎬籺otal<br>-k    鍒楀嚭鐨勫間互KB杈撳嚭錛堥粯璁わ級<br>-m    鍒楀嚭鐨勫間互MB杈撳嚭<br>-s    鍙垪鍑烘渶鍚庢眰鎬葷殑鍊?br><br>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>/bin/echo鎸囦護錛?br><strong>echo $variable</strong><br>鏄劇ず褰撳墠variable鍙橀噺銆?br><br>/bin/env鎸囦護錛?br><strong>env</strong><br>鏄劇ず緋葷粺鐨勬墍鏈夌幆澧冨彉閲忥紝鏌愪簺閲嶈鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲忓涓嬶細<br>ENV=/home/amazon/.bashrc              鐢ㄦ埛鑷畾涔夌幆澧冨彉閲忕殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛宺oot鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬槸/root/.bashrc<br>HISTSIZE=1000                               褰撳墠鎸囦護璁板繂鏁伴噺<br>HOME=/home/amazon                       鐧誨叆鑰呯殑鏍圭洰褰?br>HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain  涓繪満鐨勫悕瀛?br>HOSTTYPE=i386                             涓繪満紜歡鐨勭瓑綰х姸鎬侊紙i386銆乮686錛?br>LANGUAGE =C                               榛樿璇█鐨勮祫鏂?br>LOGNAME=amazon                         鐧誨叆鑰呯殑甯愬彿<br>MAIL=/var/spool/mail/amazon            閭歡鏂囦歡<br>PATH=......                                        鎸囦護璺緞<br>PWD=/home/amazon                          褰撳墠鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?br>USERNAME=amazon                       鐧誨叆鑰呯殑甯愬彿<br>USER=amazon                                   鐢ㄦ埛甯愬彿<br><br>/bin/set鎸囦護錛?br><strong>set</strong><br>鏄劇ず褰撳墠鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲忥紝涔熶細鏄劇ず鑷畾涔夌殑鍙橀噺銆傛敞鎰忥細鑷畾涔夊彉閲忓彧鑳借嚜宸變嬌鐢紝鑰屼笉浼氬共鎵板埌鍒漢錛岄櫎闈炰慨鏀逛簡緋葷粺鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲?br><br>鍙橀噺璁懼畾瑙勫垯錛?br><strong>var='......'</strong><br>1.鍙橀噺涓庡彉閲忓唴瀹圭敤=榪炵粨錛?br>2.絳夊彿涓よ竟涓嶈兘鐩存帴鎺ョ┖鏍肩錛屽name = variable閿欒錛?br>3.鍙橀噺鍙兘鏄嫳鏂囧瓧姣嶄笌鏁板瓧錛屾暟瀛椾笉鑳藉紑澶達紱<br>4.<span style="COLOR: #ff0000">鏈夌┖鏍肩鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛屼嬌鐢ㄥ弻寮曞彿鎴栬呭崟寮曞彿鎷綇鍙橀噺錛?/span><span style="COLOR: #ff0000">鍙屽紩鍙風殑鐗規畩瀛楃鍙互淇濈暀鍙橀噺鐗規э紝濡?$PATH"錛屽崟寮曞彿涓嶅彲浠?/span>錛?br>5.\涓鴻漿涔夊瓧絎︼紝鍙互灝嗙壒孌婂瓧絎︼紙Enter銆?銆乗銆佺┖鏍肩銆?絳夛級鍙樻垚涓鑸鍙鳳紝鑰屼笉闇瑕佸弻寮曞彿錛?br>6.鎵╁鍙橀噺闇瑕佺敤"$PATH":/home銆?$PATH:/home"鎴栬?PATH:/home榪欐牱鐨勫艦寮忕瘡鍔狅紱<br>7.鑻ヨ鍙橀噺闇瑕佸湪鍏朵粬瀛愮▼搴忔墽琛岋紝浠xport浣垮彉閲忓彲浠ュ姩浣滐紝濡俥xport PATH錛涳紙浠涔堟剰鎬濓紵錛?br>8.緋葷粺棰勮鍙橀噺鐢ㄥぇ鍐欙紝鑷畾涔夊彉閲忕敤灝忓啓錛?br>9.<span style="COLOR: #ff0000">鐢╱nset variable鍙栨秷鍙橀噺</span>銆?br><br>鍒悕alias鎸囦護錛?br><strong>alias name='.....'</strong><br>鍒悕鍜屽彉閲忕殑瀹氫箟鍩烘湰涓鑷淬?br><strong>alias</strong><br>鏌ヨ鎵鏈夊埆鍚嶏紝鍖呮嫭緋葷粺榛樿鍒悕鍜岃嚜瀹氫箟鍒悕銆?br><strong>unalias name</strong><br>鍙栨秷鍒悕銆?br><br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>/usr/bin/compress鎸囦護錛?br><strong>compress [-d] filename</strong><br>-d    瑙e帇緙╁弬鏁幫紝涔熷彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?strong>uncompress filename</strong>鎸囦護<br><strong>zcat filename.Z <br></strong>zcat鍙互璇誨彇.Z鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹廣?br>娉ㄦ剰錛歝ompress鐢ㄦ潵鍘嬬緝涓庤В鍘嬬緝鍚庣紑鍚嶄負.Z鐨勬枃浠躲備嬌鐢╟ompress鍘嬬緝鍚庯紝濡傛灉娌℃湁緇欏嚭鍏朵粬鍙傛暟錛?span style="COLOR: red">鍘熷鏂囦歡浼氳鍚庢潵鐨?Z鏂囦歡鍙栦唬</span>錛屼嬌鐢╱ncompress鎸囦護涔熸槸涓鏍楓?br><br>/usr/binbzip2鍜?usr/binbzcat鎸囦護錛?br><strong>bzip2 [-dz] filename</strong>                    <br>-d    瑙e帇緙╋紝鍙互浣跨敤<strong>bunzip2 filename</strong>鍙栦唬<br>-z    鍘嬬緝錛堥粯璁わ級<br><strong>bzcat filename.bz2</strong>                      //璇誨彇鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡鍐呭錛岃屼笉闇瑕佽В鍘嬬緝<br>娉ㄦ剰錛氬綋鏂囦歡鍚庣紑涓?bz銆?bz2銆乼bz銆乼bz2絳夋椂錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╞zip2榪涜瑙e帇銆?span style="COLOR: red">鍘熷鏂囦歡浼氳鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡.bz2絳夊彇浠c?br></span><br>/bin/gzip鍜?bin/zcat鎸囦護錛?br><strong>gzip [-d#] filename<br></strong>-d    瑙e帇緙╁弬鏁?br>-#    鍘嬬緝絳夌駭錛?鏈涓嶅ソ錛?鏈濂斤紝榛樿涓?<br><strong>zcat filename.gz</strong><br>娉ㄦ剰錛歾cat涓嶄粎鍙互璇誨彇.gz鍚庣紑鐨勫帇緙╂枃浠訛紝涔熷彲浠ュ悓鏃惰鍙朿ompress鐨勫帇緙╂枃浠訛紙.Z錛夈?span style="COLOR: red">鍘熷鏂囦歡浼氳鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡.bz2絳夊彇浠c?/span><br><br>/bin/tar鎸囦護錛?br><strong>tar [-zxcvfpP] tarfile file</strong><br>-z    鍚屾椂鍏鋒湁gzip<br>-j    鍚屾椂鍏鋒湁bzip<br><span style="COLOR: #ff0000">-x    瑙e紑涓涓帇緙╂枃浠?br></span><span style="COLOR: #ff0000">-t    鏌ョ湅tarfile鐨勬枃浠?br></span>-c    寤虹珛涓涓帇緙╂枃浠?br>-v    鍘嬬緝榪囩▼涓樉紺烘枃浠?br>-p    浣跨敤鍘熸枃浠剁殑灞炴?br>-P    鍙互浣跨敤緇濆璺緞<br>-f  file   浣跨敤file鏂囦歡鍚嶄綔涓虹洰鏍?br>-N 'yyyy/mm/dd'    姣斿悗闈㈡帴鐨勬棩鏈熻繕瑕佹柊鐨勬枃浠舵墠浼氳鎵撳寘榪涙柊寤虹殑鏂囦歡涓?br>--exclude FILE  鍦ㄥ帇緙╄繃紼嬩腑錛屼笉瑕佸皢FILE鎵撳寘<br>渚嬪瓙錛?br>tar -cvf file.tar file                    //<span style="COLOR: red">鍙互鎵撳寘鐩綍錛屽茍涓斿師鏂囦歡/鐩綍渚濈劧瀛樺湪</span><br>tar -zcvf file.tar.gz file<br>tar -xvf file.tar                         //涓嶄嬌鐢?zxvf錛屽洜涓烘槸.tar鏂囦歡鑰屼笉鏄?tar.gz鏂囦歡錛屼笖<span style="COLOR: red">鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡渚濈劧瀛樺湪<br><font color=#000000>tar -zxvf file.tar.gz</font></span><br>tar -ztvf file.tar.gz                    //鏌ョ湅tar.gz閲岄潰鐨勬枃浠朵俊鎭紝鑰屼笉闇瑕佽В鍘嬬緝<br>tar -tvf file.tar<br>tar -N '2002/06/25' -zcvf home.tar.gz /home  //灝?home鐩綍涓紝姣旀棩鏈熻繕瑕佹柊鐨勬枃浠舵墦鍖呰繘鍏ome.tar.gz涓?br>tar -zcvf host.tar.gz /home --exclude /amazon --exclude /host  //闄mazon鍜宧ost澶栵紝home鐩綍鎵撳寘<br>tar -cvf - /home | tar -xvf -          //鐩存帴鎵撳寘鍚庤В鍘嬬緝錛屾病鏈変腑闂存枃浠?br><br>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮?bin/grep錛?br><strong>grep "word" filename</strong><br>灝嗘煇filename鏂囦歡涓惈鏈墂ord鐨勯偅涓琛屾樉紺哄嚭鏉ャ?br>渚嬪瓙錛?br>grep root /var/log/secure<br>grep "*[a-d]*" /var/log/secure<br>grep boot /etc/*                  //杈撳嚭鐨勬槸/etc涓嬫枃浠跺唴瀹瑰惈鏈塨oot鐨勬墍鏈夎<br>grep \* /etc/*<br>grep "a\{5\}" file                 //蹇呴』瑕佹湁鍙屽紩鍙?br>絎﹀彿錛?br>^    鍙ラ瀛楃鐩哥<br>$    鍙ュ熬瀛楃鐩哥<br>?    浠諱綍涓涓崟涓瀛楃<br>*    浠繪剰鍑犱釜瀛楃錛屽寘鎷?涓?br>\     杞箟瀛楃錛屼嬌^銆?銆?絳夊彉涓烘櫘閫氬瓧絎?br>[list]       鍒楄〃涓殑瀛楃錛屼緥濡俒123456789]<br>[range]   鍒楄〃鑼冨洿鍐呯殑瀛楃錛屼緥濡俒1-9]<br>\{n\}      涓庡墠涓涓浉鍚屽瓧絎﹁繛緇璶涓?br>\{n,m\}  涓庡墠涓涓浉鍚屽瓧絎﹁繛緇璶鍒癿涓?br><br>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>濡備綍澧炲姞鐢ㄦ埛錛?br>1.濡傛灉鐢ㄦ埛鎵灞炵兢緇勪笉瀛樺湪錛屽厛鏂板緹ょ粍銆傦紙澧炲姞鐢ㄦ埛鍓嶏紝璇ョ兢緇勫繀欏誨瓨鍦級<br>2.鏂板鐢ㄦ埛甯愬彿銆?br>濡備綍鍒犻櫎緹ょ粍錛?br>3.濡傛灉鏌愮兢緇勪腑鏈夌敤鎴鳳紝鍏堝垹闄ょ敤鎴楓傦紙鍒犻櫎緹ょ粍鍓嶏紝璇ョ兢緇勫繀欏諱負絀猴級<br>4.鍒犻櫎緹ょ粍銆?br><br><strong>groupadd [-g GID] groupname</strong><br>-g GID    鑷璁懼畾GID鐨勫ぇ灝忥紝鍚﹀垯榛樿鎻愪緵<br><strong>groupdel groupname</strong><br>娉ㄦ剰錛氬湪鍒犻櫎緹ょ粍涔嬪墠錛屽繀欏誨皢璇ョ兢緇勪笅鐨勭敤鎴峰垹闄ゃ?br><br><strong>useradd [-u UID] [-g GID] [-d HOME] [-mM] [-s shell] username</strong><br>-u    鐩存帴緇欏嚭涓涓猆ID<br>-g    鐩存帴緇欏嚭涓涓狦ID錛堟GID蹇呴』宸插瓨鍦級<br>-d    鐩存帴灝嗗叾鏍圭洰褰曟寚鍚戝凡緇忓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鐩綍錛堢郴緇熶笉浼氬啀榛樿寤虹珛錛?br>-M   涓嶅緩绔嬫牴鐩綍<br>-s     瀹氫箟鍏朵嬌鐢ㄧ殑shell<br><strong>userdel [-r] username</strong><br>-r    灝嗚甯愬彿鐨刐home directory]鍜孾/var/spool/mail/username]涓騫跺垹闄わ紝榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬫槸淇濈暀鐨?br><br>瀵嗙爜綆$悊涓庤瀹氾細<br>root鍙互璁懼畾浠諱綍鏍峰紡鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝鑰屼笖鍙互甯姪user璁懼畾浠栦滑鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝鑰寀ser浠呰兘淇敼鑷繁鐨勫瘑鐮併?br><strong>passwd [username]</strong><br><br>鐢ㄦ埛韜喚鍒囨崲錛?br><strong>su</strong> <br>浣跨敤su鍙互榪涜韜喚鍒囨崲錛屼絾鏄渶瑕佹敞鎰忥細<br>1.<span style="COLOR: #ff0000">鐜渚濈劧灞炰簬褰撳垵鐧誨叆鐨勯偅涓敤鎴?/span>錛屼緥濡備互test鐨勮韓浠界櫥鍏inux錛屽啀鍒囨崲鍒皉oot錛屼絾鏄釜浜虹殑mail銆丳ATH絳夌幆澧冨彉閲忛兘榪樻槸test鐨勩?br>2.瀵逛簬鐜鍙橀噺錛屾渶楹葷儲鐨勫綋灞濸ATH錛屼負浜嗛伩鍏嶄竴鑸敤鎴蜂嬌鐢╮oot鐨勭鐞嗘寚浠わ紝閫氬父linux浼氬皢鎸囦護鍒嗙被鏀懼湪涓や釜鐩綍涓嬶紝鍒嗗埆鏄?bin鍜?sbin錛屽叾涓?sbin瀛樻斁鐨勫ぇ澶氭槸root鐢ㄦ潵綆$悊緋葷粺鐨勬寚浠ゃ傛墍浠ワ紝褰撲粠涓鑸敤鎴峰垏鎹㈠埌root鍚庯紝鏌愪簺鎸囦護涓嶅彲鐢紝灝辨槸鍥犱負PATH涓病鏈?sbin榪欎釜璺緞銆?nbsp;<br>鍏蜂綋瑙e喅鏂規硶濡備笅錛?br>1.浣跨敤鍛戒護鐨勫畬鏁磋礬寰勩?br>2.灝?sbin鍜?usr/sbin璺緞娣誨姞鍒版櫘閫氱敤鎴風殑PATH璺緞涓?br>3.<span style="COLOR: #ff0000">浣跨敤<strong>su -</strong>鍛戒護鍒囨崲錛?鏄寚鍚屾椂鍒囨崲鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲?/span>銆?br><strong>sudo [-u username/#uid] [command]</strong><br>-u    灝嗗垎韜彉鎴恥sername鐨勮韓浠?br>浣跨敤sudo鍙互涓嶉渶瑕乺oot鐨勫瘑鐮佷篃鑳芥墽琛宺oot韜喚鐨勫伐浣溿傚叿浣撴儏鍐電暐銆?br><br>鐢ㄦ埛鏌ヨ錛?br><strong>id [username]</strong><br>鐩存帴杈撳叆id鏌ヨ褰撳墠甯愬彿鐨刄ID銆丟ID涓庢墍灞炵兢緇勶紝杈撳叆id username鐢熸垚username鐨勭浉鍏充俊鎭備笉闇瑕佸療鐪?etc/passwd鍜?etc/group銆?br><strong>finger [-s] [username]</strong><br>-s 瀹屾暣鍒楀嚭<br>浣跨敤finger鍙互鐭ラ亾鏌愮敤鎴風殑鐩稿叧淇℃伅錛屽熀鏈兘鍦?etc/passwd涓婏紝榪樺寘鎷?var/spool/mail榪欎釜閭歡瀛樻斁鍦扮偣錛屾墍浠ヨ繕浼氭樉紺烘槸鍚︽湁閭歡淇℃伅銆?br><strong>groups</strong><br>鐩存帴杈撳叆groups灝卞彲浠ユ樉紺哄綋鍓嶇敤鎴鋒墍灞炵殑緹ょ粍銆?br><br>鎵嬪姩娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛錛?br>澶ц嚧姝ラ濡備笅錛?br>1.鍏堝緩绔嬮渶瑕佺殑緹ょ粍錛坴i /etc/group錛?br>2.寤虹珛甯愬彿鐨勫悇涓睘鎬э紙vi /etc/passwd錛?br>3.灝唒asswd涓巗hadow鍚屾錛坧wconv錛?br>4.寤虹珛璇ュ笎鍙風殑瀵嗙爜錛坧asswd acount錛?br>5.寤虹珛鐢ㄦ埛鏍圭洰褰曪紙cp -r /etc/skel /home/account錛?br>6.鏇存敼鏍圭洰褰曞睘鎬э紙chown -R account.group /home/account錛?br>鍒犻櫎甯愬彿姝ラ錛?br>1.鍒犻櫎/etc/passwd涓?etc/shadow涓殑鐩稿叧淇℃伅<br>2.杞埌/home涓嬪垹闄よ甯愬彿鐨勬牴鐩綍<br>3.杞埌/var/spool/mail涓嬪垹闄よ甯愬彿鐨勯偖浠?br><br> <img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/aggbug/104609.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/" target="_blank">榪滈</a> 2010-01-04 16:53 <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/04/104609.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>GNU automake姝ラ鍙婂垎鏋?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103811.html</link><dc:creator>榪滈</dc:creator><author>榪滈</author><pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2009 08:23:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103811.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/103811.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103811.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/103811.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/103811.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p>鍓嶈█錛氳鏂囦粠銆奓inux搴旂敤寮鍙戝熀紜銆嬩竴涔︿腑鎽樿鎵寰椼?br><br>棣栧厛紜緋葷粺宸茬粡瀹夎浠ヤ笅杞歡錛?br>GNU automake<br>GNU autoconf<br>GNU m4<br>perl<br>GUN Lib宸ュ叿<br><br>絎竴姝ワ紝鐢ㄧ紪杈戝櫒vi鐢熸垚hello.c鏂囦歡錛岀劧鍚庣敤autoscan鍛戒護浜х敓涓涓猚onfigure.in鐨勯洀褰onfigure.scan錛屽涓嬬紪杈慶onfigure.scan鏂囦歡騫跺皢鏂囦歡鍚嶆敼涓篶onfigure.in銆?br>autoscan<br>vi configure.scan<br>----------------------------------------------<br>AC_INIT(hello.c)<br>AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello, 1.0)<br>#..........................<br>AC_PROG_CC<br>#...........................<br>AC_OUTPUT(makefile)<br>-----------------------------------------------<br>mv configure.scan configure.in<br><br>絎簩姝ワ紝鎵цaclocal鍜宎utoconf錛屽垎鍒駭鐢焌clocal.m4鍜宑onfigure涓や釜鏂囦歡銆俢onfigure鏂囦歡鍐呬俊鎭敱configure.in鍜宎clocal浜х敓鐨勫法闆嗙敓鎴愩?br>aclocal<br>autoconf<br><br>絎笁姝ワ紝緙栬緫makefile.am鏂囨。錛屽唴瀹瑰涓嬶細<br>vi makefile.am<br>-----------------------<br>AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign<br>bin_PROGRAMS=hello<br>hello_SOURCES=hello.c<br>----------------------<br>鐒跺悗鎵цautomake –add-missing錛宎utomake浼氭牴鎹甿akefile.am鏂囦歡浜х敓涓浜涙枃浠訛紝鍖呭惈鏈閲嶈鐨刴akefile.in銆?br>automake –add-missing<br><br>絎洓姝ワ紝鎵ц./configure錛岀敓鎴恗akefile鏂囨。銆傚ぇ鍔熷憡鎴愶紝鎺ヤ笅鏉ユ墽琛宮ake鎸囦護灝卞彲浠ョ紪璇慼ello.c鐢熸垚鍙墽琛屾枃浠躲?br>./configure<br>make<br>./hello<br>娉ㄦ剰錛氶櫎浜唌ake鎸囦護涔嬪錛岃繕鏈塵ake clean / make install / make dist絳夋寚浠ゃ?br><br><br>姝ラ璇︾粏瑙i噴錛?br><br><strong>autoconf錛?/strong><br>autoconf鏄敤鏉ヤ駭鐢焎onfigure妗g殑宸ュ叿錛宑onfigure鏄竴涓猻hell script錛屽畠鍙互鑷姩鏍稿畾鍘熷紼嬪簭浠ョ鍚堝悇縐嶄笉鍚屽鉤鍙頒笂Unix緋葷粺鐨勭壒鎬э紝騫朵笖鏍規嵁緋葷粺鍙傛暟鍙婄幆澧冧駭鐢熷悎閫傜殑makefile妗f垨鑰卙eader file妗o紝璁╁師濮嬬▼搴忓彲浠ュ緢鏂逛究鍦板湪榪欎簺騫沖彴涓婅緙栬瘧銆俛utoconf璇誨彇configure.in妗g劧鍚庝駭鐢焎onfigure榪欎釜shell script銆?br>configure.in妗g殑鍐呭鏄竴榪炰覆GNU m4鐨勫法闆嗭紝榪欎簺宸ㄩ泦緇忚繃autoconf澶勭悊鍚庝細鍙樻垚媯鏌ョ郴緇熺壒寰佺殑shell script configure.in鍐呭法闆嗙殑欏哄簭瑕佹眰錛氭瘡涓涓猚onfigure.in妗e繀欏誨湪鎵鏈夊法闆嗗墠鍔犲叆AC_INIT宸ㄩ泦錛岀劧鍚庡湪鎵鏈夊法闆嗗悗闈㈠姞涓夾C_OUTPUT宸ㄩ泦銆?br>鍏堢敤autoscan鎵弿鍘熷妗d互浜х敓涓涓猚onfigure.scan妗o紝鍦ㄥ璇ユ。鍋氫簺淇敼錛屼駭鐢焎onfigure.in妗o紝鍦ㄨ寖渚嬩腑鐢ㄥ埌鐨勫法闆嗗涓嬶細<br>AC_INIT(file)錛氱敤鏉ユ鏌ュ師濮嬫枃浠舵墍鍦ㄧ殑璺緞銆?br>AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(PACKAGE, VERSION)錛氫嬌鐢╝utomake蹇呭鐨勫法闆嗭紝PACKAGE鏄浜х敓杞歡濂椾歡鐨勫悕縐幫紝VERSION鏄増鏈紪鍙楓?br>AC_PROG_CC錛氭鏌ョ郴緇熷彲鐢ㄧ殑C緙栬瘧鍣紝濡傛灉鍘熷紼嬪簭鏄敤C鍐欑殑灝遍渶瑕佺敤榪欎釜宸ㄩ泦銆?br>AC_OUTPUT(file)錛氳瀹歝onfigure鎵瑕佷駭鐢熺殑鏂囨。鍚嶏紝濡傛灉鏄痬akefile鐨勮瘽錛宑onfigure渚夸細鎶婂畠媯鏌ュ嚭鏉ョ殑緇撴灉甯﹀叆makefile.in涓劧鍚庝駭鐢熷悎閫傜殑makefile銆?br>鍦ㄤ嬌鐢╝utomake鏃訛紝榪橀渶瑕佷竴浜涘叾浠栫殑宸ㄩ泦錛岃繖涓澶栧法闆嗘垜浠敤aclocal鏉ヤ駭鐢熴傛墽琛宎clocal浼氫駭鐢焌clocal.m4妗o紝涓鑸潵璇翠笉鐢ㄤ慨鏀廣傛湁浜哻onfigure.in鍜宎clocal.m4妗o紝灝卞彲浠ユ墽琛宎utoconf鏉ヤ駭鐢焎onfigure妗d簡銆?br><br><strong>automake錛?/strong><br>automake浼氭牴鎹甤onfigure.in涓殑宸ㄩ泦鎶妋akefile.am杞垚makefile.in妗c傚湪makefile.am妗d腑闇瑕佸畾涔夎浜х敓鐨勭洰鏍囷紝鍏蜂綋鍖呮嫭錛?br>AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS錛氳瀹歛utomake鐨勯夐」銆俛utomake涓昏鏄府鍔╁紑鍙慓NU杞歡鐨勪漢鍛樼淮鎶よ蔣浠跺浠訛紝涓鑸湪鎵цautomake鏃朵細媯鏌ョ洰褰曚笅鏄惁瀛樺湪鏍囧噯GNU濂椾歡涓簲鍏峰鐨勬枃浠舵。妗堬紝渚嬪NEWS銆丄UTHOR銆丆hangeLog絳夛紝璁炬垚foreign鏃訛紝automake浼氭敼鐢ㄤ竴鑸蔣浠跺浠舵爣鍑嗘潵媯鏌ワ紝鑰実nu鏄己鐪佽緗紝璇ョ駭鍒笅灝嗗敖鍙兘鍦版鏌ュ寘鏄惁鏈嶄粠GNU鏍囧噯錛実nits鏄弗鏍兼爣鍑嗭紝涓嶆帹鑽愩?br>bin_PROGRAMS錛氬畾涔夎浜х敓鐨勬墽琛屾。鍚嶇О錛屼駭鐢熷涓墽琛屾。鐨勮瘽錛岄渶瑕佺敤絀烘牸絎﹂殧寮銆?br>hello_SOURCES錛氬畾涔塰ello榪欎釜鎵ц妗g殑鍘熷妗o紝濡傛灉璇ョ▼搴忕敱澶氫釜鍘熷妗d駭鐢燂紝蹇呴』鎶婃墍鐢ㄥ埌鐨勫師濮嬫。閮藉垪鍑烘潵錛岀┖鏍肩闅斿紑錛屼緥濡俬ello_SOURCES=hello.c main.c hello.h銆傚鏋滃畾涔変簡澶氫釜鎵ц妗o紝鍒欏姣忎釜鎵ц妗i兘瑕佸畾涔夌浉瀵圭殑filename_SOURCES銆?br>automake --add-missing鎸囦護鍙互鐢╩akefile.am鏉ヤ駭鐢焟akefile.in錛屽姞涓?-add-missing鏄automake欏轟究灝嗚蔣浠跺浠跺繀澶囩殑妗f鍔犲叆鍖呰銆?br>涔嬪悗鍐嶆墽琛?/configure錛屾牴鎹甿akefile.in妗d駭鐢焟akefile鏂囨。錛屾湁鍑犱釜棰勮鐨勭洰鏍囧彲渚涗嬌鐢細<br>make all錛氫駭鐢熻瀹氱殑鐩爣錛屽嵆鍙墽琛屾枃浠躲傚拰鍙墦make鐨勭粨鏋滅浉鍚岋紝姝ゆ椂寮濮嬬紪璇戝師濮嬬爜錛岀劧鍚庤繛鎺ワ紝騫朵駭鐢熸渶緇堟墽琛屾枃妗c?br>make clean錛氭竻闄や箣鍓嶆墍緙栬瘧鐨勬墽琛屾枃浠跺拰鐩爣浠g爜鏂囦歡銆?br>make distclean錛氶櫎浜嗘竻妤氭墽琛屾枃浠跺拰鐩爣浠g爜鏂囦歡澶栵紝涔熸妸configure浜х敓鐨刴akefile娓呴櫎鎺夈?br>make install錛氬皢紼嬪簭瀹夎鑷崇郴緇熶腑錛堢郴緇熼璁劇殑鎵ц鏂囦歡瀛樻斁璺緞錛夈備嬌鐢╞in_PROGRAMS宸ㄩ泦鐨勮瘽錛岀▼搴忎細琚畨瑁呭埌user/local/bin榪欎釜鐩綍銆?br>make dist錛氬皢紼嬪簭鍜岀浉鍏蟲。妗堝畾鍒舵垚鍘嬬緝鍖呯殑褰㈠紡錛屽悕縐頒負PACKAGE-VERSION.tar.gz錛屽叾涓璓ACKAGE鍜孷ERSION浠onfigure.in涓殑AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(PACKAGE, VERSION)涓哄噯銆?br>make distcheck錛氬帇緙╁茍涓旀鏌ュ帇緙╁寘鏄惁姝e父錛屾湁鐩稿簲鏄劇ず銆?br><br><br></p> <img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/aggbug/103811.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/" target="_blank">榪滈</a> 2009-12-23 16:23 <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103811.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>gdb璋冭瘯鐩稿叧鎸囦護http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103809.html榪滈榪滈Wed, 23 Dec 2009 08:10:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103809.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/103809.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103809.html#Feedback0http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/103809.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/103809.htmlgcc –o hello –g hello.c
鍏朵腑-g鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鐢熸垚甯︽簮浠g爜璋冭瘯絎﹀彿鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡hello錛屼笉浣跨敤-g榪涜緙栬瘧鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡涔熷彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╣db璋冭瘯錛屼絾鏄己灝戦儴鍒嗚皟璇曚俊鎭紙濡傝鍙楓佸嚱鏁板悕絳夛級銆傝皟璇曚俊鎭寘鎷敤鎴風▼搴忛噷鐨勬瘡涓彉閲忕殑綾誨瀷鍜屽湪鍙墽琛屾枃浠墮噷鐨勫湴鍧鏄犲皠浠ュ強婧愪唬鐮佺殑琛屽彿銆?br>
絎簩錛屼嬌鐢╣db hello榪涘叆gdb錛岃繘琛岃皟璇曢樁孌點傚惎鍔╣db鏈変互涓嬪嚑縐嶆柟寮忥細
gdb filename        //鎸囧畾瑕佽皟璇曠殑紼嬪簭
gdb filename core    //鎸囧畾瑕佽皟璇曠殑紼嬪簭鍙婂叾coredump鏂囦歡
gdb filename pid    //鎸囧畾瑕佽皟璇曠殑紼嬪簭鍙婂搴旇繘紼媔d鍙?br>鍙互浣跨敤鍛戒護琛屽弬鏁版洿鍔犺緇嗗湴鎺у埗gdb鐨勮涓猴細
-silent            //涓嶆樉紺鴻繘鍏db寮澶寸殑鎻愮ず淇℃伅
-help(h)        //鍛戒護琛岃緟鍔╀俊鎭?br>-se file        //浠巉ile涓鍙栫鍙鳳紝騫朵綔涓哄彲鎵ц鏂囦歡
-core(c) file        //鎸囧畾core dump鏂囦歡file
-c id            //榪炴帴鍒拌繘紼嬪彿涓篿d錛屼笌attach鍛戒護鐩鎬技
-x file            //file涓瓨鏀句竴緋誨垪鐨刧db鍛戒護錛屾墽琛宖ile涓殑gdb鍛戒護
-symbols(s)        //浠巉ile涓鍙栫鍙鳳紝浣嗕笉浣滀負鍙墽琛屾枃浠?br>-directory(d) path    //鎸囧畾璺緞path錛屽皢path鍔犲叆鍒版悳绱㈡簮鏂囦歡鐨勮礬寰勪腑
娉ㄦ剰錛歡db寮濮嬭繍琛屾椂錛屽畠鎶婁換浣曚竴涓笉甯﹂夐」鍓嶇紑鐨勫弬鏁伴兘褰撲綔涓涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鎴朿ore鏂囦歡鎴栬繘紼嬪彿錛屽叿浣撲負錛氭妸絎竴涓墠闈㈡病鏈夐夐」璇存槑鐨勫弬鏁扮湅浣滃姞浜?se閫夐」錛岃岀浜屼釜鐪嬩綔鏄窡鐫-c閫夐」鍚庨潰銆傚湪gdb涓彲浠ユ妸閫夐」鍚嶆帎澶村幓灝撅紝鍙淇濊瘉gdb鑳藉敮涓鍒ゆ柇鏄摢涓夐」灝辮銆?br>
絎笁錛岄愭璋冭瘯錛岄儴鍒嗗懡浠ゅ涓嬶細
break(b) [file:] func / line / addr / +num / -num    //鏌愬嚱鏁般佹煇琛屾垨鑰呮煇鍐呭瓨鍦板潃澶勮鏂偣錛屽彲鍚屾椂璁劇疆澶氫釜鏂偣
break args if COND                    //COND闈為浂鏃跺湪args澶勪腑鏂?br>tbreak agrs                        //鏂偣鍙湁鏁堜竴嬈?br>clear 
[file:] func / line / addr / +num / -num        //娓呮鏌愮鏂偣錛屽彲鍚屾椂娓呴櫎澶氫釜
delete(d) breaknum                    //浣跨敤鏂偣鍙鋒潵娓呴櫎鏂偣鎴栬瀵熺偣錛屾病鏈夊弬鏁板垯娓呴櫎鎵鏈夋柇鐐?br>disable(dis) breaknum                    //紱佹……
enable 
[once] breaknum                    //鍚敤鎴栬呬粎鍚敤涓嬈?#8230;…
--------------------------------
watch expr            //expr鍊兼敼鍙樻椂鍋滄紼嬪簭錛岀敤浜庢崟鑾烽敊璇緢鏈夋晥
run(r) arg            //浠庡ご寮濮嬭繍琛岀▼搴忥紝騫朵互arg浣滀負鍙傛暟錛堝彲澶氫釜錛?br>continue(c)            //緇х畫琚腑鏂殑紼嬪簭錛屼笉鑳界敤浣滅▼搴忕殑榪愯鍚姩
step(s)                //鍗曟榪涘叆錛岃窡韙埌鍑芥暟鍐?br>next(n)                //鍗曟錛屼笉榪涘叆鍑芥暟鍐?br>list(l)                //鏄劇ず婧愪唬鐮侊紙姝e湪鎵ц鍖哄煙闄勪歡10琛岋級
backtrace(bt) / where(w)    //鏄劇ず鍑芥暟鏍堢殑鍐呭
print(p) expr            //鏌ョ湅鍙橀噺鎴栬呰〃杈懼紡鐨勫?br>display expr            //姣忔涓柇鏃訛紝鏄劇ずexpr鐨勫?br>undisplay 
[expr]        //鍙栨秷display錛屾病鏈夊弬鏁扮殑璇濆垯鍙栨秷鍏ㄩ儴
whatis expr            //鏄劇ずexpr鐨勮祫鏂欏艦鎬侊紝渚嬪鍙橀噺綾誨瀷絳?br>------------------------------
set width 
70            //璁劇疆灞忓箷鍒楁暟
quit(q)                //緇堟閫鍑?br>kill(k)                //緇堟姝e湪璋冭瘯鐨勭▼搴忥紝浣嗕笉閫鍑鴻皟璇曪紝鍙噸鏉?br>file                //瑁呭叆鎯寵璋冭瘯鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡
shell command            //鍦╣db涓洿鎺ヨ繍琛宻hell鍛戒護涓斾笉闇瑕侀鍑篻db
help command            //command鍛戒護璇存槑
complete arg            //鍒楀嚭鎵鏈塧rg寮澶寸殑鍛戒護
Esc + Shift + ?            //鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夊懡浠ょ殑鍒楄〃
------------------------------
attach pidat pid        //鎺ヤ笂涓涓墽琛岀殑榪涚▼pid錛岃繖浼氫嬌pid鏆傚仠錛屼腑鏂換浣晄leep浠ュ強鍙腑鏂殑緋葷粺璋冪敤
detach pid            //瑙i櫎鐩墠鎺ヤ笂鐨勮繘紼媝id
jump address            //璺沖埌鎸囧畾鐨勫唴瀛樹綅緗紝騫跺紑濮嬫墽琛?br>make filename            //涓嶉鍑篻db灝辮兘閲嶆柊浜х敓鍙墽琛屾枃浠?/span>
娉ㄦ剰錛?br>錛?錛夋湁鐨勫懡浠ゅ悗闈㈠彲浠ヨ窡鍙傛暟錛屼緥濡俿tep鎺ュ彈涓涓弬鏁拌〃紺哄崟姝ユ墽琛屽灝戞錛涙湁鐨勫懡浠や笉鎺ュ彈浠諱綍鍙傛暟銆?br>錛?錛夌┖琛岃〃紺洪噸澶嶄笂涓涓懡浠わ紱鏈夌殑鍛戒護涓嶅彲閲嶅錛屼緥濡俽un錛涜繕鏈変竴浜涢噸澶嶅悗浼氫駭鐢熶弗閲嶅悗鏋滐紝寤鴻涓嶄嬌鐢ㄧ┖琛岄噸澶嶃?br>錛?錛夊彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╣db鐨刬nfo(i)鍜宻how鍛戒護鏉ユ煡璇㈢▼搴忕姸鎬侊紝姣忎釜鍛戒護鍙互鏌ヨ涓緋誨垪鐨勭姸鎬侊紝鍏蜂綋濡備笅錛?br>info錛?br>info breakpoints           //鏌ョ湅鏂偣鎯呭喌
info args                       //鏌ョ湅紼嬪簭鍙傛暟
info display                  //鏌ョ湅鎵鏈塪isplay
info stack                    //鏌ョ湅鍑芥暟鏍堝唴瀹癸紝涓巄acktrace鐩稿悓
info watchpoints          //鏌ョ湅瑙傚療鐐?br>show錛?br>show version              //鏄劇ずgdb鐗堟湰鍙?br>show copying             //鏄劇ず鐗堟潈淇℃伅
set錛?br>set鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵涓虹▼搴忚緗繍琛岀幆澧冿紝姣斿鍙互鐢╯et prompt $ 鏉ユ妸gdb鎻愮ず絎﹁緗負$銆備嬌鐢╯et鍛戒護鍙互鏀瑰彉緇濆ぇ澶氭暟show鏄劇ず鐨勪俊鎭?br>
絎洓錛岃皟璇曞畬鎴愬悗錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╯trip鍛戒護鍒犻櫎閭d簺甯︽湁-g閫夐」鐨凜緙栬瘧紼嬪簭鎵鐢熸垚鐨勪俊鎭紝閲婃斁涓浜涚鐩樼┖闂淬?br>strip鍛戒護鍑忓皯XCOFF瀵硅薄鏂囦歡鐨勫ぇ灝忥紝strip鍛戒護浠嶺COFF瀵硅薄鏂囦歡涓湁閫夋嫨鍦伴櫎鍘昏鍙蜂俊鎭侀噸瀹氫綅淇℃伅銆佽皟璇曟銆佹敞閲婃銆佹枃浠跺ご浠ュ強鎵鏈夋垨閮ㄥ垎絎﹀彿琛ㄣ備竴鏃︿嬌鐢ㄨ鍛戒護錛屽垯寰堥毦璋冭瘯鏂囦歡鐨勭鍙鳳紝鍥犳閫氬父鍙湪宸茬粡璋冭瘯鍜屾祴璇曡繃鐨勭敓鎴愭ā鍧椾笂浣跨敤strip鍛戒護銆?br>/usr/binstrip [閫夐」] file 
strip鐨勫叿浣撻夐」淇℃伅鍦ㄨ繖閲屼笉浣滄葷粨銆?br>



榪滈 2009-12-23 16:10 鍙戣〃璇勮
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Install Adobe FlashPlayer for LInuxhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89188.html榪滈榪滈Fri, 03 Jul 2009 13:29:00 GMThttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89188.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/89188.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89188.html#Feedback2http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/89188.htmlhttp://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/89188.html
1.鍦ㄧ綉涓婁笅杞戒釜install_flash_player_10_linux.tar.gz
2.瑙e帇緙╁悗寰楀埌libflashplayer.so
3.灝嗚鏂囦歡鏀懼叆/usr/lib/firefox/plugins涓紝鎵撳紑Firefox鍗沖彲浣跨敤銆?br>




榪滈 2009-07-03 21:29 鍙戣〃璇勮
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ubuntu鏅鴻兘鎷奸煶瀹夎鏂規硶銆愯漿杞姐?/title><link>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89154.html</link><dc:creator>榪滈</dc:creator><author>榪滈</author><pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2009 05:29:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89154.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/89154.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89154.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/89154.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/89154.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[鍘熸枃錛?span style="COLOR: red">http://canofy.javaeye.com/blog/274426</span><br><br>涓嬮潰鏄楠わ細 <br><br>1).緇堢杈撳叆錛歴udo apt-get remove scim <br><br>榪欎竴姝ユ槸鍒犻櫎瀹夎緋葷粺鐨勬椂鍊欒鐨勯偅涓猻cim錛屽疄闄呮槸涓亣鐨勶紝鎴戣繖閲屼笉鍙互鐢?<br><br>2錛塻udo apt-get install scim <br><br>榪欎竴姝ヤ笅杞藉畨瑁卻cim杈撳叆娉曘備笅杞藉畬浜嗙郴緇熶細鑷繁瑁呬笂錛屼腑闂翠細鏈夋彁紺猴紝鐩存帴y灝辮浜?<br><br>3錛塻udo apt-get install scim-chinese <br><br>榪欎竴姝ユ槸涓嬭澆瀹夎涓枃杈撳叆娉曪紝鍓嶉潰閭d竴姝ュ彧鏄笅杞戒竴涓彲浠ヨ繍琛岃緭鍏ユ硶鐨勫鉤鍙幫紝鐜板湪鏄湪榪欎釜鍏蜂綋騫沖彴涓婂畨瑁呬腑鏂囪緭鍏?<br><br>4) sudo gedit /etc/X11/Xsession.d /95xinput <br><br>榪欎釜姝ラ鏄柊寤轟竴涓?5xinput鐨勬枃浠訛紝璇ユ枃浠剁殑鍏蜂綋鍐呭濡備笅錛?<br><br>Java浠g爜 澶嶅埗浠g爜錛?br><br>/usr/bin/scim -d <br>XMODIFIERS="@im=SCIM" <br>export XMODIFIERS <br>export GTK_IM_MODULE=scim <br><br>鍏蜂綋涓轟粈涔堬紝鎴戜篃涓嶇煡閬擄紝鍙嶆鍙互鐢ㄣ?<br><br>鐒跺悗錛岀‘瀹氭棤璇悗錛屼繚瀛橈紝閫鍑篻edit <br><br>5錛塭xit 閫鍑虹粓绔?<br><br>6錛塋ogout錛岄噸鏂扮櫥褰曪紝鐒跺悗鐢–trl+Space灝卞彲浠ユ縺媧諱腑鏂囪緭鍏ユ硶鍟︼綖<br><br><br><br><br> <img src ="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/aggbug/89154.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/" target="_blank">榪滈</a> 2009-07-03 13:29 <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89154.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item></channel></rss> <a href="http://m.shnenglu.com/">青青草原综合久久大伊人导航_色综合久久天天综合_日日噜噜夜夜狠狠久久丁香五月_热久久这里只有精品</a> <div 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