锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>日韩一级精品视频在线观看,怡红院av一区二区三区,国产精品免费视频观看 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/category/11064.htmlzh-cn Fri, 30 Sep 2011 09:10:47 GMT Fri, 30 Sep 2011 09:10:47 GMT 60 Shell鑴氭湰鍩烘湰鍐呭 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/03/11/109440.html榪滈 榪滈 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 09:01:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/03/11/109440.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/109440.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/03/11/109440.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/109440.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/109440.html #!/bin/bash #鑴氭湰鐢ㄩ旓細 #鍒涘緩鏃ユ湡錛?br>#Written by someone 姝f枃...... 鍦╯hell涓紝鎵鏈夋病鏈夊0鏄庣殑鍙橀噺閮介粯璁ゆ槸鍛堢幇瀛楃涓插艦寮忥紝鎵浠ar=5*7;$var灝辨垚涓哄瓧絎︿覆褰㈠紡"5*7"錛岃屼笉浼氳繘琛屼換浣曠畻鏈繍綆椼傚0鏄庡彉閲忎嬌鐢╠eclare鎸囦護銆?br>delcare [-afirx] var=... -a 瀹氫箟涓烘暟緇?br>-f 瀹氫箟涓哄嚱鏁?br>-i 瀹氫箟涓烘暣鏁?br>-r 瀹氫箟涓哄彧璇?nbsp; -x 瀹氫箟涓洪氳繃鐜杈撳嚭鍙橀噺 read name read鐨勫姛鑳芥槸灝嗙敤鎴峰湪閿洏涓婅緭鍏ョ殑鍐呭鏀懼埌鍙橀噺name涓?br>read name < file鐨勫艦寮忛氳繃閲嶅畾鍚戞敼鍙樹簡杈撳叆婧愪負file銆?br> 鑴氭湰鐨勫弬鏁頒唬鍙鳳細 $0 鑴氭湰鐨勬枃浠跺悕 $1 絎竴涓檮鍔犲弬鏁?br>$2 絎簩涓檮鍔犲弬鏁?br>$3 ...... $# 浼犻掔粰鑴氭湰鐨勫弬鏁頒釜鏁?br>$@ 浼犻掔粰鑴氭湰鐨勬墍鏈夊弬鏁?br>$$ 鑴氭湰鐨勮繘紼嬪彿錛岄氬父鐢ㄥ畠鏉ョ敓鎴愬敮涓鐨勪復鏃舵枃浠訛細/tmp/tmpfile_$$ 閫昏緫鍒ゆ柇寮忥細 鍏充簬鏂囦歡涓庣洰褰曠殑閫昏緫鍒ゆ柇錛屾牸寮忔槸-×× file鎴栬? -×× file錛堟敞鎰?鍜?xx鍜宖ile涔嬮棿鏈夌┖鏍鹼級 -f 媯嫻嬫枃浠舵槸鍚﹀瓨鍦?br>-d 灝嗘祴鐩綍鏄惁瀛樺湪 -b 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負block鏂囦歡 -c 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負character鏂囦歡 -L 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負絎﹀彿閾炬帴鏂囦歡 -S 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負socket鏍囩鏂囦歡 -e 媯嫻嬫煇涓笢瑗挎槸鍚﹀瓨鍦紝鍙互鏄換浣曚笢瑗?br> 鍏充簬紼嬪簭鐨勯昏緫鍒ゆ柇錛屾牸寮忔槸-×× proc -G 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︾敱GID鎵鎵ц鐨勭▼搴忔嫢鏈?br>-O 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︾敱UID鎵鎵ц鐨勭▼搴忔嫢鏈?br> 鍏充簬鏂囦歡鐨勫睘鎬ф嫻嬶紝鏍煎紡鏄?×× file -r 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負鍙灞炴?br>-w 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負鍙啓灞炴?br>-x 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負鍙墽琛屽睘鎬?br>-s 媯嫻嬫槸鍚︿負闈炵┖鐧芥枃浠?br>-u 媯嫻嬫槸鍚﹀叿鏈塖UID灞炴?br>-g 媯嫻嬫槸鍚﹀叿鏈塖GID灞炴?br>-k 媯嫻嬫槸鍚﹀叿鏈塻ticky bit灞炴?br> 涓や釜鏂囦歡鐨勫垽鏂笌姣旇緝錛屾牸寮忔槸file1 -×× file2 -nt 絎竴涓枃浠舵瘮絎簩涓枃浠舵柊 -ot 絎竴涓枃浠舵瘮絎簩涓枃浠舵棫 -ef 絎竴涓枃浠跺拰絎簩涓枃浠朵負鍚屼竴涓枃浠訛紙璇稿閾炬帴鏂囦歡錛?br> 閫昏緫涓庛侀昏緫鎴?br>&& 閫昏緫涓?br>|| 閫昏緫鎴?br> 榪愮畻絎︼細 -eq 絳変簬 -ne 涓嶇瓑浜?br>-lt 灝忎簬 -gt 澶т簬 -le 灝忎簬鎴栫瓑浜?br>-ge 澶т簬鎴栫瓑浜?br>-a 鍙屾柟閮芥垚绔嬶紙and錛?br>-o 鍗曟柟鎴愮珛錛坥r錛?br> 瀛楃涓叉瘮杈冿細 = 涓や釜瀛楃涓茬浉鍚?br>!= 涓や釜瀛楃涓蹭笉鍚?br>-z 絀哄瓧絎︿覆 -n 闈炵┖瀛楃涓?br> 鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇錛?br>if [鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇1] &&/|| [鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇2]; then …… elif [鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇1] &&/|| [鏉′歡鍒ゆ柇4]; then …… else …… fi 娉ㄦ剰錛氬湪[]涓紝鍙兘鏈変竴涓垽鏂紡錛涘湪[]涓嶽]涔嬮棿錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?amp;&鎴栬厊|緇撳悎鍒ゆ柇寮忥紱[]涓瘡涓涓嫭绔嬬殑緇勪歡涔嬮棿闇瑕佺敤絀烘牸閿殧寮錛岃繖涓鐐瑰挨鍏惰娉ㄦ剰錛屽叾涓粍浠舵槸鎸嘯銆乚銆佸彉閲忋佽繍綆楃鍙峰拰瀛楃涓層佸肩瓑銆備緥濡傦細 if [ "$var" = "yes" ]; then case var in 鏂瑰紡涓 | 鏂瑰紡×) 紼嬪簭孌?br> ;; 鏂瑰紡浜?| 鏂瑰紡×) 紼嬪簭孌?br> ;; *) echo "Usage {鏂瑰紡涓|鏂瑰紡浜寎" exit 1 esac 寰幆錛?br>for((鏉′歡1;鏉′歡2;鏉′歡3)) do 紼嬪簭孌?br>done for var in var_list //var_list鏄互絀烘牸閿垎寮鐨勯夋嫨欏癸紝澶氫負瀛楃涓詫紝渚嬪for var in yes no other鎴栬協or var in "yes" "no" "other" do 紼嬪簭孌?br>done 鐪嬩笅闈竴孌佃剼鏈▼搴忥紝璇ョ▼搴忔紨紺轟簡$(command)鐨勭敤娉曪紝for鍛戒護鐨勫弬鏁版潵鑷?()涓殑鍛戒護鐨勭粨鏋滐細 for file in $(ls *.sh) do lpr $file done while [鏉′歡] do 紼嬪簭孌?br>done until [鏉′歡] do 紼嬪簭孌?br>done
璋冭瘯鑴氭湰錛?br>sh [-nvx] scripts -n 涓嶆墽琛岃剼鏈紝鏌ヨ鑴氭湰鍐呯殑璇硶錛岃嫢鏈夐敊璇垯鍒楀嚭 -v 鍦ㄦ墽琛岃剼鏈箣鍓嶏紝鍏堝皢鑴氭湰鐨勫唴瀹規樉紺哄湪灞忓箷涓?br>-x 灝嗙敤鍒扮殑鑴氭湰鍐呭鏄劇ず鍦ㄥ睆騫曚笂錛屼笌-v紼嶅井涓嶅悓娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.鍦ㄦ潯浠跺垽鏂椂涓鑸嬌鐢?$var"鐨勫艦寮忥紝榪欐槸涓轟簡闃叉鍑虹幇var涓虹┖鐨勬儏鍐碉紝渚嬪錛歩f [ $var = "yes" ]涓紝濡傛灉var涓虹┖錛岄偅涔堜細鍑虹幇if [ = "yes" ]鐨勬儏鍐碉紝榪欐槸涓嶅悎娉曠殑錛岃宨f [ "$var" = "yes"]鍒欎笉浼氬嚭鐜拌闂銆?br>
]]>榪涚▼鍦ㄥ墠鍙頒笌鍚庡彴涔嬮棿鍒囨崲 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/02/01/106948.html榪滈 榪滈 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 08:30:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/02/01/106948.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/106948.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/02/01/106948.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/106948.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/106948.html 鍓嶅彴杞叆鍚庡彴 絎竴縐嶏紝鍦ㄨ榪愯鐨勫懡浠ゅ悗闈㈠姞涓?amp;錛屽懡浠よ嚜鍔ㄨ漿鍏ュ悗鍙拌繍琛岋紝涓嶅崰鐢ㄥ墠鍙扮粓绔備緥濡傝繍琛屼竴涓笉鏂墦鍗板瓧絎︿覆鍒版爣鍑嗚緭鍑虹殑鍙墽琛岀▼搴忥紝杈撳叆濡備笅錛?br>$ vi test.c #include <stdio.h> main() { while(1) print("ok \n"); } $ gcc -o test test.c $ ./test & 姝ゆ椂test紼嬪簭灝嗚漿鍏ュ悗鍙扮戶緇墽琛岋紝騫跺湪鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鍗蟲帶鍒跺彴涓婃墦鍗板嚭瀛楃銆傚仠姝㈣紼嬪簭鐨勬柟娉曟槸鍒╃敤ps鍛戒護鎵懼埌璇ョ▼搴忕殑瀵瑰簲榪涚▼鍙穘um錛岀劧鍚庤繍琛宬ill num銆傛敞鎰忥細鍦ㄦ帶鍒跺彴涓笉鏂嚭鐜扮殑鎵撳嵃瀛楃浼氭飯娌¤緭鍏ョ殑鍛戒護錛屼絾鏄病鏈変換浣曞獎鍝嶏紝鍛戒護渚濈劧鍙互琚紜В鏋愩?br> 絎簩縐嶏紝榪愯./test鍚庯紝浣跨敤ctrl+z浣挎鍦ㄨ繍琛岀殑鍛戒護./test鏆傚仠錛坈trl+c鏄粓姝級錛岀敤鍛戒護jobs鏌ョ湅鎯寵杞叆鍚庡彴鐨勫懡浠ょ紪鍙穘錛岀劧鍚庤繍琛宐g n鍗沖彲銆傛敞鎰忥紝璇ュ懡浠ょ殑鏈緇堜綔鐢ㄧ瓑浠蜂簬灝?/test鍛戒護鍚庨潰鍔犱笂&絎﹀彿銆?br> 絎笁縐嶏紝浣跨敤nohup+鍛戒護鐨勮繍琛屾柟寮忥紝鍦ㄧ己鐪佹儏鍐典笅璇ュ懡浠ょ殑鎵鏈夎緭鍑洪兘琚噸瀹氬悜鍒頒竴涓悕涓簄ohup.out鐨勬枃浠朵腑錛岄櫎闈炴湁鎸囧畾鐨勯噸瀹氬悜鏂囦歡銆備緥濡傦細 nohup command & nohup command >result 2>&1 & 鑰屼笖浣跨敤nohup杞叆鍚庡彴鐨勫懡浠わ紝鍦ㄥ叧闂璼hell鍚庨噸鏂扮櫥褰曪紝璇ュ懡浠や緷鐒跺浜庤繍琛岀姸鎬侊紝浣嗛氳繃ps鍛戒護涓嶄細鏄劇ず錛岃屾槸浣跨敤ps x鎴栬卲s –A鍛戒護鏂瑰彲鏄劇ず銆?br>娉ㄦ剰錛氬鏋滄槸鎵ц鑴氭湰騫墮噸瀹氬悜杈撳嚭鐨勮瘽錛屼笉搴旇鍦ㄨ剼鏈唴閮ㄥ啓錛岃屾槸鍐欐垚錛?br>nohup ./***.sh >result 2>&1 & 浠ヤ笂涓夌鏂規硶鐨勭壒鐐規槸錛氱涓銆佷簩縐嶆柟娉曞湪閫鍑鴻shell榪涚▼鍚庡懡浠ゅ潎涓嶅瓨鍦ㄣ傜涓夌鏂規硶鍗充嬌閫鍑簊hell榪涚▼鍚庯紝鍛戒護渚濈劧瀛樺湪錛岃屽懡浠ょ殑鎺у埗鏉冧氦緇欎簡init銆?br>鍚庡彴杞叆鍓嶅彴 浣跨敤jobs鍛戒護鏌ョ湅瑕佽漿鍏ュ墠鍙扮殑鍛戒護緙栧彿n錛岀劧鍚庤繍琛宖g n鍗沖彲銆俧g鍛戒護鍗?front ground"銆?br>
]]>Linux涓插彛緙栫▼ http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/28/106644.html榪滈 榪滈 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 08:16:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/28/106644.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/106644.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/28/106644.html#Feedback 2 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/106644.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/106644.html 闃呰鍏ㄦ枃 ]]> tar鍛戒護鐨凜鍙傛暟 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/13/105571.html榪滈 榪滈 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 07:10:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/13/105571.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105571.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/13/105571.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105571.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105571.html 瑙g瓟1錛?br>$ tar -cvf file2.tar /home/usr2/file2 tar: Removing leading '/' from members names home/usr2/file2 璇ュ懡浠ゅ彲浠ュ皢/home/usr2/file2鏂囦歡鎵撳寘鍒板綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鐨刦ile2.tar涓紝闇瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄細浣跨敤緇濆璺緞鏍囪瘑鐨勬簮鏂囦歡錛屽湪鐢╰ar鍛戒護鍘嬬緝鍚庯紝鏂囦歡鍚嶈繛鍚岀粷瀵硅礬寰勶紙榪欓噷鏄痟ome/usr2/錛屾牴鐩綍'/'琚嚜鍔ㄥ幓鎺変簡錛変竴騫惰鍘嬬緝榪涙潵 銆備嬌鐢╰ar鍛戒護瑙e帇緙╁悗浼氬嚭鐜頒互涓嬫儏鍐碉細 $ tar -xvf file2.tar $ ls …… …… home …… …… 瑙e帇緙╁悗鐨勬枃浠跺悕涓嶆槸鎯寵薄涓殑file2錛岃屾槸home/usr2/file2銆?br> 瑙g瓟2錛?br>$ tar -cvf file2.tar -C /home/usr2 file2 璇ュ懡浠や腑鐨?C dir鍙傛暟錛屽皢tar鐨勫伐浣滅洰褰曚粠褰撳墠鐩綍鏀逛負/home/usr2錛屽皢file2鏂囦歡錛堜笉甯︾粷瀵硅礬寰勶級鍘嬬緝鍒癴ile2.tar涓傛敞鎰?span style="COLOR: #ff0000">錛?C dir鍙傛暟鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ湪浜庢敼鍙樺伐浣滅洰褰曪紝鍏舵湁鏁堟湡涓鴻鍛戒護涓笅涓嬈?C dir鍙傛暟涔嬪墠銆?br>浣跨敤tar鐨?C dir鍙傛暟錛屽悓鏍峰彲浠ュ仛鍒板湪褰撳墠鐩綍/home/usr1涓嬪皢鏂囦歡瑙e帇緙╁埌鍏朵粬鐩綍錛屼緥濡傦細$ tar -xvf file2.tar -C /home/usr2 鑰宼ar涓嶇敤-C dir鍙傛暟鏃舵槸鏃犳硶鍋氬埌鐨勶細 $ tar -xvf file2.tar /home/usr2 tar: /tmp/file: Not found in archive tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors
]]>搴撴枃妗g殑寮鍙戜笌浣跨敤 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/12/105471.html榪滈 榪滈 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 02:41:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/12/105471.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105471.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/12/105471.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105471.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105471.html 搴撳搴旂殑澶存枃浠舵湁涓ょ錛屽寘鎷叕鏈夊ご鏂囦歡鍜岀鏈夊ご鏂囦歡銆傚叕鏈夊ご鏂囦歡澹版槑鐨勮祫婧愬鍏朵粬紼嬪簭鏄湁鏁堢殑錛岃岀鏈夊ご鏂囦歡澹版槑鐨勮祫婧愬彧鑳借瀵瑰簲鐨勫簱浠g爜浣跨敤銆?span style="COLOR: red">涓轟簡浣垮簱鎴愪負鍏湁鐨勶紝搴斿皢瀹冨畨瑁呭湪鐩綍/usr/lib涓紝騫跺皢瀹冪殑澶存枃浠舵斁鍦?usr/include涓紝騫跺湪鐢ㄦ埛紼嬪簭涓嬌鐢?include <>鐨勬柟寮忓紩鍏ュ簱澶存枃浠?/span>銆傚皢澶存枃浠剁殑璺緞鍚嶆斁緗湪寮曞彿涓紝灝卞彲灝嗙鏈夊ご鏂囦歡鏀懼叆紼嬪簭涓紝姣斿#include "hello.h"錛岄澶勭悊紼嬪簭浼氶鍏堝湪褰撳墠鐩綍鏌ユ壘hello.h澶存枃浠訛紝濡傛灉鍐欐垚#include "-/include/hello.h"錛岄澶勭悊紼嬪簭灝變細鍦ㄧ洰褰晘/include涓悳绱㈠ご鏂囦歡hello.h銆?br>搴撴枃妗e繀欏諱互.a鎵╁睍鍚嶇粨鏉燂紝涓鏃︿負涓緇勭洰鏍囨ā鍧楀垱寤轟簡涓涓簱鏂囦歡錛岄氳繃鍒跺畾搴撴枃妗d綔涓哄弬鏁幫紝榪欎簺妯″潡灝卞彲浠ヨC紼嬪簭鏍規嵁-l*閾炬帴浣跨敤銆?span style="COLOR: red">瀵逛簬鏍囧噯搴擄紝渚嬪C涓殑libc.a錛屽彧闇瑕佸湪鐢ㄦ埛紼嬪簭涓坊鍔犵浉搴旂殑澶存枃浠舵瘮濡俿tdio.h銆乻tdlib.h銆乧type.h絳夛紝鑰屼笉闇瑕佹槑紜湴鐢?l緙栬瘧紼嬪簭閫夐」鍘婚摼鎺ヨ搴擄紱浣嗚繕鏈夎澶氬簱涓嶆槸鏍囧噯搴擄紝渚嬪鏁板搴搇ibm.a錛岄櫎浜嗛渶瑕佹坊鍔犵浉搴斿ご鏂囦歡涔嬪錛岃繕蹇呴』鏄庣‘鍦扮敤緙栬瘧紼嬪簭閫夐」-lm閾炬帴璇ュ簱錛屽叾涓?l緙栬瘧閫夐」鍦╨ib鍜?a涔嬮棿鎸囧畾瀛愪覆錛屼笉鏄庣‘鎸囧畾鐨勮瘽浼氬湪緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ駭鐢熼敊璇?br>娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.鏍囧噯C璇█搴搇ibc.a鍦ㄧ紪璇戠▼搴忕殑閾炬帴闃舵鑷姩琚摼鎺ャ?br>2.涓浜涘父瑙佺殑涓庡簱鐩稿叧鐨勭紪紼嬮敊璇細 娌℃湁涓哄簱鍔犲叆澶存枃浠?br>娌℃湁鏄庣‘閾炬帴涓涓簱錛岃岃繖涓簱涓嶈兘琚▼搴忚嚜鍔ㄩ摼鎺?br>浣跨敤浜嗛敊璇増鏈殑搴?br>閾炬帴浜嗕笉鍏煎鐨勫簱 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------搴撶殑寮鍙?/strong> 浣跨敤ar紼嬪簭鍙互鎵ц鍚勭涓庡簱鐩稿叧鐨勪換鍔★紝姣斿鍦ㄥ簱鏂囦歡涓垱寤恒佷慨鏀瑰拰鎻愬彇妯″潡絳夈備笌linux鍛戒護涓嶅悓錛宎r鍛戒護鐨勫叧閿瓧涓嶉渶瑕佷嬌鐢?榪炲瓧絎︺?br>
ar 鍏抽敭瀛?nbsp;搴撴枃妗e悕 鏂囦歡鍒楄〃 d 鍦ㄥ簱鏂囨。涓垹闄や竴涓枃浠?br> q 鍦ㄧ幇鏈夊簱鏂囨。涓坊鍔犱竴涓枃浠訛紝鑻ュ簱鏂囨。涓嶅瓨鍦紝鍒欏垱寤轟箣 r 鏂板緩涓涓簱鏂囨。鎴栬鐩栦竴涓幇鏈夊簱鏂囨。 t 鏄劇ず涓涓簱鏂囨。鐩綍 s 寮哄埗鐢熸垚搴撴枃妗g鍙瘋〃 x 浠庝竴涓簱鏂囨。涓彁鍙栦竴涓垨澶氫釜鏂囦歡錛屽茍灝嗗畠浠繚瀛樺湪褰撳墠鐨勫伐浣滅洰褰曚腑 v 鐢熸垚涓涓緇嗙殑杈撳嚭
鍋囪宸插瓨鍦╩ain.c銆乧ompute.c銆乮nput.c銆乵ain.h銆乧ompute.h銆乮nput.h榪欎簺鏂囦歡錛屼笖compute.c浣跨敤浜嗘暟瀛﹀簱libm.a錛屼笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙鐢ㄤ簬搴撴枃妗g殑鍒涘緩鍜岃拷鍔犵瓑銆?br>ar r libmath.a input.o compute.o 璇ュ懡浠ゅ垱寤轟簡鏂囦歡input.o鍜宑ompute.o鐨勫簱鏂囨。鏂囦歡libmath.a錛屽鏋滆搴撴枃妗e凡瀛樺湪鍒欎細琚鐩栥備笂榪板懡浠ゅ綋libmath涓嶅瓨鍦ㄦ椂錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?strong>ar q libmath.a input.o compute.o
浠f浛錛岃鍛戒護鍦╨ibmath.a涓拷鍔犳柊鏂囦歡錛屽綋libmath.a涓嶅瓨鍦ㄦ椂鑷姩鍒涘緩錛涘綋鎯沖皢褰撳墠鐩綍涓墍鏈夌洰鏍囨枃浠墮兘鏀懼叆搴撴枃浠朵腑錛屼篃鍙互浣跨敤ar r libmath.a *.o 鎴栬?strong>ar r libmath.a `ls *.o`榪欐牱鐨勫懡浠ゃ?br>gcc main.c libmath.a -o power -lm 璇ュ懡浠ゅ皢搴撴枃妗d腑鐨刬nput.o鍜宑ompute.o閾炬帴鍒癿ain.o涓婏紝浣跨敤-lm閾炬帴鏁板搴搇ibm.a錛屽洜涓哄湪compute.o涓嬌鐢ㄤ簡pow鍑芥暟銆傚皢libmath.a瀹夎鍒?usr/lib鍚庯紝灝卞彲浠ラ氳繃-lmath鐨勬柟寮忎嬌鐢ㄤ簡銆?br>rm compute.o input.o 鍒涘緩鐩爣妯″潡鐨勫簱鏂囨。鍚庯紝灝卞彲浠ュ垹闄ゅ師鏈夋ā鍧椼?br>ar t libmath.a 璇ュ懡浠ょ敤浜庢樉紺哄簱鏂囨。libmath.a鐨勭洰褰曪紝鍚岀悊鍙互浣跨敤ar vt libmath.a鍛戒護鑾峰緱鏇磋緇嗙殑杈撳嚭銆?br>ar d libmath.a input.o 璇ュ懡浠ょ敤浜庝粠搴撴枃妗ibmath.a涓垹闄や竴涓垨澶氫釜鐩爣妯″潡銆?br>ar x libmath.a compute.o 璇ュ懡浠や笅鍝﹂偅涓簱鏂囨。libmath.o涓彁鍙栦竴涓垨澶氫釜鐩爣妯″潡錛屽茍鏀懼湪褰撳墠鐩綍涓?br> 鍦╩akefile涓篃鍙互浣跨敤ar鍛戒護錛岃繖鏍峰垱寤轟簡杞歡鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡涔嬪悗錛屼篃鍙互鍒涘緩鐩爣鏂囨。鐨勫簱鏂囨。錛屽叿浣撴柟娉曞涓嬶細 CC=gcc OPTIONS=-03 OBJECTS=main.o input.o compute.o SOURCES=main.c input.c compute.c HEADERS=main.h input.h compute.h ARCHIVE=compute.o input.o LIBRARY=libmath.a AR_KEYS=qv complete : power @echo "Build complete" power : $(OBJECTS) $(CC) $(OPTIONS) -o $@ $^ -lm @echo "The executable is in the 'power' file" main.o : main.h input.h compute.h compute.o : compute.h input.o : input.hbuldle : @echo "Archiving object modules..." ar $(AR_KEYS) $(LIBRARY) $(ARCHIVE) @echo "Archiving is complete." power.tar : makefile $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES) tar -cvf $@ $^ clean : rm -f *.o ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------搴撶殑浣跨敤 鍦ㄥ畨瑁呭簱鏂囨。涔嬪墠錛岄渶瑕佺粰搴撴枃妗g敓鎴愬拰娣誨姞涓涓洰褰曠儲寮?/span>銆傚簱鏂囨。涓殑鐩爣鏂囦歡涓嶆槸浠ヤ換鎰忛『搴忔帓鍒楃殑錛岃屾槸渚濊禆浜庢ā鍧楄鎻掑叆鍒板簱鏂囨。涓殑欏哄簭銆傚甫鏈夌洰褰曠殑搴撴枃妗e湪閾炬帴闃舵鏄繀瑕佺殑錛屽畠鍏佽搴撴枃妗d腑鐨勫嚱鏁頒簰鐩歌皟鐢紝鑰屾棤璁鴻繖浜涘嚱鏁板湪搴撴枃妗d腑鐨勪綅緗浣曘?br>ranlib 搴撴枃妗e垪琛?/strong> 璇ュ懡浠ゅ彲浠ヤ負搴撴枃妗e垪琛ㄤ腑鐨勬瘡涓簱鏂囨。鐢熸垚鍜屾坊鍔犱竴涓洰褰曪紝璇ュ懡浠や笌濡備笅鍛戒護鐩稿悓錛?br>ar s 搴撴枃妗?br> 涓鏃︽坊鍔犱簡鐩綍涔嬪悗錛屽氨鍙互瀹夎璇ュ簱浣垮叾鎴愪負鍏湁錛屼富瑕侀噰鍙栦袱涓楠わ細 1.鍒涘緩搴撶殑澶存枃浠跺茍鎶婂畠鏀懼湪/usr/include鐩綍涓紝澶存枃浠跺寘鍚簱涓祫婧愮殑澹版槑銆備竴涓簱鏂囨。鍙互瀵瑰簲澶氫釜澶存枃浠訛紝渚嬪libmath.a鍙互瀵瑰簲input.h鍜宑ompute.h銆?br>2.鍦?usr/lib鐩綍涓斁緗搴撴枃妗o紝渚嬪/usr/lib/libmath.a銆?br>3.鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄨ搴撴椂錛屽湪紼嬪簭涓姞鍏ュ搴斿ご鏂囦歡錛屽茍鐢ㄥ甫鏈?lmath鐨勭紪璇戝懡浠ゅ嵆鍙?br> 鍙互鐢╪m鍛戒護鏄劇ず涓涓簱銆佺洰鏍囨垨鍙墽琛屾枃浠剁殑絎﹀彿琛紝琛ㄤ腑鍖呮嫭鍚嶇О銆佺被鍨嬨佸ぇ灝忓拰榪涘叆鐐圭瓑淇℃伅銆傚畠鐨勮緭鍑哄憡鐭ヨ搴撶殑灞炴э紝杈撳嚭鐨勬瘡涓琛屾槸姣忎竴涓爣璇嗙錛屼緥濡傛枃浠朵腑鐨勬煇涓嚱鏁板悕鎴栬呭彉閲忓悕銆俷m鍛戒護鏄劇ず鐨勪俊鎭敤浜庤皟璇曞簱鍜屽彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛屽浜庡簱鏂囨。涓殑姣忎釜鏂囦歡鎴栨垚鍛橈紝nm鍛戒護鑷沖皯浼氬皢涓嬮潰鐨勪俊鎭彂閫佸埌鏍囧噯杈撳嚭錛氭瘡涓鍙風殑鍦板潃銆佺鍙風殑鍊間互鍙婂叾綾誨瀷銆傛牴鎹夐」錛屼篃鍙兘杈撳嚭搴撴垨鐩爣鐨勫悕縐頒互鍙婄鍙風殑澶у皬絳夈?/p>
nm [ 閫夐」 ] [ 鏂囦歡鍒楄〃(搴撴枃浠?鐩爣鏂囦歡/鍙墽琛屾枃浠? ] -D 鍙樉紺哄姩鎬佺鍙鳳紝褰撲嬌鐢ㄥ姩鎬佸簱鏃跺緢鏈夌敤 -V nm鍛戒護鐗堟湰鍙?br> -g 鍙樉紺哄叏灞絎﹀彿鐨勭浉鍏充俊鎭?br> -l 涓烘瘡涓涓鍙鋒煡鎵懼拰鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍚嶅拰琛屽彿 -n 鐢ㄥ湴鍧緇欏閮ㄧ鍙峰垎綾?br> -u 鍙樉紺烘湭瀹氫箟鐨勭鍙鳳紝鍗蟲瘡涓洰鏍囨ā鍧楃殑澶栭儴絎﹀彿 -w 緇欏嚭鏇村璀﹀憡淇℃伅 -f 鏍煎紡 浠ヤ笉鍚屾牸寮忚緭鍑猴紝鍙互鏄痓sd銆乻ysv銆乸osix絳夛紝榛樿鏄痓sd
瀵筺m鍛戒護錛屼互鍚庡啀榪涜璇︾粏瀛︿範錛屽湪姝ょ渷鐣ャ?br>
]]> makefile鍜宮ake瑙勫垯 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/10/105358.html榪滈 榪滈 Sun, 10 Jan 2010 12:46:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/10/105358.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105358.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/10/105358.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105358.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105358.html 棣栧厛浠嬬粛make瀹炵敤紼嬪簭鐨勮娉曞拰甯哥敤閫夐」錛岀劧鍚庣粏鍓杕akefile鏂囦歡鐨勭粍鎴愩?br>make鍛戒護
make [ 閫夐」 ] [ 鐩爣 ] [ 瀹忓畾涔?/span>] 閫氳繃鍛戒護琛屽弬鏁頒腑鐨則arget錛屽彲鎸囧畾make瑕佺紪璇戠殑鐩爣錛屽茍涓斿厑璁稿悓鏃跺畾涔夌紪璇戝涓洰鏍囷紝鎿嶄綔鏃舵寜鐓т粠宸﹀悜鍙崇殑欏哄簭渚濇緙栬瘧target閫夐」涓寚瀹氱殑鐩爣鏂囦歡銆傚鏋滃懡浠よ涓病鏈夋寚瀹氱洰鏍囷紝鍒欑郴緇熼粯璁arget鎸囧悜鎻忚堪鏂囦歡涓涓涓洰鏍囨枃浠躲?br> -d 鏄劇ず璋冭瘯淇℃伅 -n 涓嶈繍琛屼換浣昺akefile鏂囦歡錛屽彧鎵撳嵃闇瑕佹墽琛岀殑鍛戒護 -p 杈撳嚭鎵鏈夊畯瀹氫箟鍜岀洰鏍囨枃浠舵弿榪?br> -s 闈欐鐘舵佷笅榪愯錛屼笉鏄劇ず浠諱綍鍛戒護琛屼俊鎭?br> -f file 閫氱煡make紼嬪簭浠巉ile涓鍙栧唴閮ㄤ緷璧栬鏄庯紝緙虹渷鎯呭喌涓嬩細璇誨彇makefile鎴栬匨akefile鏂囦歡澶勭悊錛屾枃浠跺悕-琛ㄧず璇誨彇鏍囧噯杈撳叆錛屽湪Linux涓紝GNU make宸ュ叿鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶅伐浣滅洰褰曚腑鎸夌収GNUmakefile銆乵akefile銆丮akefile鐨勯『搴忔悳绱akefile鏂囦歡
娉ㄦ剰錛氬湪婧愭枃浠舵病鏈夎淇敼鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛岃繍琛宮ake鍛戒護浼氱敓鎴愪竴鏉℃秷鎭紝璇存簮鏂囦歡鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鏄渶鏂扮殑錛屼笉闇瑕佺敤make鍛戒護閲嶆柊緙栬瘧鍜岄摼鎺ャ傝寮哄埗鍐嶅垱寤哄彲鎵ц浠g爜錛岄渶瑕佹敼鍙樻簮鏂囦歡鐨勪笂嬈℃洿鏂版椂闂達紝鍙互浣跨敤touch鍛戒護錛岀劧鍚庡啀嬈¤繍琛宮ake鍛戒護銆?/span>
touch [ 閫夐」 ] 鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?br> -r 鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?nbsp; 鎶婃寚瀹氭枃浠舵垨鐩綍鐨勬棩鏈熸椂闂達紝璁炬垚鍜屽弬鑰冩枃浠舵垨鐩綍鐨勬棩鏈熸椂闂寸浉鍚?br> -d 鏃ユ湡鏃墮棿 浣跨敤鎸囧畾鐨勬棩鏈熸椂闂達紝鑰岄潪鐜板湪鐨勬椂闂?nbsp;
makefile瑙勫垯 make紼嬪簭鍩轟簬鏂囦歡涔嬮棿鐨勪緷璧栨э紝闇瑕佸緩绔嬬殑鐩爣鏂囦歡錛屼互鍙婂緩绔嬬洰鏍囨枃浠舵椂瑕佹墽琛岀殑鍛戒護錛屼互涓婃墍鏈夎縐頒負瑙勫垯錛屽瓨鏀懼湪鏂囦歡makefile涓傚畾鍒惰鍒欑殑璇硶濡備笅錛?br>鐩爣鍒楄〃 : 鍏寵仈鎬у垪琛?br><TAB>鍛戒護鍒楄〃 娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.鍙互鍦ㄥ叧鑱旀у垪琛ㄥ拰鍛戒護鍒楄〃涓嬌鐢╯hell鏂囦歡鍚嶆ā寮忓尮閰嶅瓧絎︼紝渚嬪?銆?銆乕]絳夌瓑銆?br>2.濡傛灉鐩爣鐨勫懡浠ゅ垪琛ㄤ腑鏌愪釜鍛戒護鍓嶉潰甯︽湁@錛岄偅涔堝綋make紼嬪簭鎵ц鏃訛紝璇ュ懡浠ゆ槸涓嶄細鏈夊弽搴旂殑錛屽湪紼嬪簭榪愯瀹屾瘯涔嬪悗錛屾墍鏈夊墠闈㈠甫@鐨勫懡浠ゆ寜鐓у弽搴忔墽琛屻傚彲浠ラ氳繃鎵цmake -n鍛戒護鏄劇ず榪欎簺鍛戒護浠ヤ緵鏌ョ湅銆?br>3.濡傛灉鐩爣鐨勫懡浠ゅ垪琛ㄤ腑鏌愪釜鍛戒護鍓嶉潰甯︽湁-錛岃鏄庡鏋滆鍛戒護鎵ц鏈夎錛屼細璺寵繃璇ュ懡浠ゅ茍緇х畫鎵ц銆?/span> make紼嬪簭浣跨敤makefile涓殑瑙勫垯鍐沖畾紼嬪簭涓渶瑕侀噸鏂扮紪璇戠殑鏂囦歡錛屽茍鍐嶆閾炬帴鐢熸垚鍙墽琛屼唬鐮併傚鏋滄簮鏂囦歡涓婁慨鏀圭殑鏃墮棿鎴蟲瘮鐩爣鏂囦歡涓婄殑鏃墮棿鎴蟲洿鏂幫紝閭d箞make閲嶆柊緙栬瘧build涓寘鍚殑婧愭枃浠躲備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉淇敼浜嗕竴涓?h澶存枃浠訛紝make紼嬪簭灝變細閲嶆柊緙栬瘧鎵鏈夊寘鍚澶存枃浠剁殑婧愭枃浠訛紝鍓嶆彁鏄ご鏂囦歡鍦ㄨ繖浜涙簮鏂囦歡鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠剁殑鍏寵仈鎬у垪琛ㄤ腑錛涘啀濡傛煇.c婧愭枃浠惰淇敼錛岄偅涔堣婧愭枃浠惰閲嶆柊緙栬瘧錛岀敓鎴愬搴旂殑鏂扮殑鐩爣鏂囦歡銆?br>myprog : foo.o bar.o gcc –o myprog foo.o bar.o foo.o : foo.c foo.h bar.h gcc –o foo.o –c foo.c bar.o : bar.c bar.h gcc –o bar.o –c bar.c 涓婅堪瑙勫垯涓紝鍙鐩爣鏂囦歡姣斿啋鍙峰悗闈㈢殑鏂囦歡浠諱綍涓涓棫錛屽皢浼氭墽琛屼笅涓琛岀殑鍛戒護錛涗絾鏄湪媯鏌oo.o鍜宐ar.o鐨勬椂闂翠箣鍓嶏紝浼氬線涓嬫煡鎵鵑偅浜涙妸foo.o鍜宐ar.o浣滀負鐩爣鏂囦歡鐨勮鍒欙紱浠ユ綾繪帹錛屽茍鏈緇堝洖鍒癿yprog瑙勫垯銆?br>濡備綍寰楀埌姣忎釜C鏂囦歡鐨勮緭鍑鴻鍒欏憿錛熷彲浣跨敤-M鍜?MM緙栬瘧閫夐」銆傛敞鎰忥細浣跨敤-M鍜?MM緙栬瘧閫夐」鏃訛紝浠呭湪shell涓緭鍑鴻鍒欎俊鎭紝涓嶈兘鐢ㄤ簬浜х敓鍙墽琛屾枃浠訛紝鍗充笉鑳藉啓鎴恎cc -o hello -M hello.c榪欐牱鐨勫艦寮忋?br>gcc –M hello.c //杈撳嚭hello.c鍜岃鏂囦歡涓墍鏈?lt;>鍜?#8221;”鍖呭惈鐨勫ご鏂囦歡gcc –MM hello.c //浠呰緭鍑篽ello.c鍜岃鏂囦歡涓墍鏈?#8221;”鍖呭惈鐨勫ご鏂囦歡鍚庣紑錛堥殣鍚級瑙勫垯 make -p鍛戒護鏄劇ず浜嗘墍鏈夊悗緙瑙勫垯鍒楄〃銆備負浜嗗緩绔嬩竴涓洰鏍囷紝make浣跨敤紼嬪簭浼氶亶鍘嗕竴榪炰覆鐨勪緷璧栧叧緋伙紝浠庤屽喅瀹氫粠浣曞寮濮嬪緩绔嬨傚鏋滄病鏈夋壘鍒扮洰鏍囨枃浠訛紝make紼嬪簭鎸夌収浼樺厛欏哄簭鏌ユ壘婧愭枃浠訛紝棣栧厛鏌ユ壘.c銆?f鎴?s鍚庣紑鐨勬枃浠訛紝鐒跺悗鍐嶆煡鎵維CCS錛堝甫.c~鍚庣紑錛夋枃浠訛紝濡傛灉娌℃湁鎵懼埌浠諱綍涓涓簮鏂囦歡錛宮ake紼嬪簭灝變細鎶ュ憡涓涓紓甯搞?br>make紼嬪簭鐭ラ亾璋冪敤gcc -c xxx.c -o xxx.o鐨勯瀹氫箟鍛戒護錛岃屼笖榪樼煡閬撶洰鏍囨枃浠墮氬父鍜屾簮鏂囦歡鏄浉鍚岀殑錛岃繖縐嶅姛鑳界О浣滄爣鍑嗕緷璧栨э紝鎵浠oo.o : foo.c foo.h bar.h榪欐牱鐨勮鍙ュ彲浠ョ畝鍐欐垚foo.o : foo.h bar.h銆傚悓鏃訛紝濡傛灉鎶婄敓鎴恌oo.o鍜宐ar.o鐨勫懡浠や粠瑙勫垯涓垹闄わ紝make灝嗚嚜鍔ㄦ煡鎵懼畠鐨勯殣鍚鍒欙紙gcc -M/MM杈撳嚭鐨勪唬鐮侊級錛岀劧鍚庢壘鍒頒竴涓傚綋鐨勫懡浠わ紝鍛戒護涓細浣跨敤涓浜涘彉閲忥紝騫朵笖鎸夌収涓瀹氭楠よ瀹氥?br>鍥犳錛屼笂榪癿akefile鐨勫唴瀹瑰彲浠ユ牴鎹悗緙瑙勫垯綆鍐欐垚錛?br>myprog : foo.o bar.o gcc –o myprog foo.o bar.o foo.o : foo.h bar.h bar.o : bar.h瀹忓畾涔夛紙鍙橀噺錛?/strong> makefile涓殑鍙橀噺瀹氫箟鍙互瀛樺偍鏂囦歡鍚嶅垪琛ㄣ佸彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鍚嶄互鍙婄紪璇戝櫒鏍囪瘑絳夛紝涓昏鏄嬌鐢ㄥ涓嬫柟娉曪細
VAR = name 鍙橀噺瀹氫箟 define VAR name endef 鍚屼笂 $(VAR) 浣跨敤鍙橀噺錛屽鏋滃彉閲忓悕涓哄崟瀛楃錛屽彲浠ヤ笉浣跨敤鍦嗘嫭鍙鋒垨鑺辨嫭鍙?br> ${VAR} 鍚屼笂 $@ 褰撳墠鐩爣鏂囦歡 $* 鍒犻櫎浜嗗悗緙鐨勭洰鏍囧悕 $< 渚濊禆鍒楄〃涓紝姣斿綋鍓嶇洰鏍囨洿鏂扮殑褰撳墠渚濊禆鍚嶇О錛堝嵆絎竴涓緷璧栨枃浠訛級 $^ 鏁翠釜渚濊禆鍒楄〃 $? 渚濊禆鍒楄〃涓紝姣斿綋鍓嶇洰鏍囨洿鏂扮殑褰撳墠渚濊禆鍒楄〃 CFLAGS 閫氬父榛樿鍊兼槸-O錛屼絾鏄彲浠ヨ淇敼
鏈嬌鐢ㄥ悗緙瑙勫垯鐨刴akefile鏂囦歡鍙樻垚濡備笅錛?br>OBJS=foo.o bar.o SOURCES=foo.c bar.c HEADERS=foo.h bar.h CC=gcc CFLAGS=-Wall -O -g myprog : $(OBJS) $(CC) $^ -o $@ foo.o : foo.c foo.h bar.h $(CC) $(CFLAGS) –c $< -o $@ bar.o : bar.c bar.h $(CC) $(CFLAGS) –c $< -o $@ 鑰屼嬌鐢ㄤ簡鍚庣紑瑙勫垯鐨刴akefile鏂囦歡鍙樻垚濡備笅錛?br>OBJS=foo.o bar.o SOURCES=foo.c bar.c HEADERS=foo.h bar.h CC=gcc myprog : $(OBJS) $(CC) S^ -o $@ foo.o : foo.h bar.h bar.o : bar.h铏氱洰鏍?br> 鍋囪涓涓」鐩渶鍚庨渶瑕佷駭鐢熶袱涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡exec1鍜宔xec2錛屼絾涓や釜鏂囦歡鏄浉浜掔嫭绔嬬殑錛屾鏃跺彲浣跨敤鍋囨兂鐩殑all鏉ヨ揪鍒版晥鏋溿?br>all : exec1 exec2 all鏂囦歡騫朵笉瀛樺湪錛宮ake鎬繪槸浼氬亣璁懼畠闇瑕佽鐢熸垚錛屽洜姝や細媯鏌ュ畠鐨勪緷闈犳枃浠秂xec1鍜宔xec2鏄惁闇瑕佹洿鏂幫紝褰撴妸瀹冪殑渚濋潬鏂囦歡鏇存柊鍚庯紝灝變細鎵ц瀹冪殑瑙勫垯閲岀殑鍛戒護琛岋紝浣嗘槸鍦ㄨ鍒欓噷娌℃湁鍝釜鍛戒護浣滅敤浜庡悕涓篴ll鐨勫疄闄呮枃浠訛紝鎵浠ヨ瑙勫垯騫朵笉鐪熸鏀瑰彉all鐨勭姸鎬併?br>娉ㄦ剰涓嬮潰鐨勮鍙ョ敤娉曪紝榪欎簺璇彞鍙互娣誨姞鍒癿akefile鏂囦歡鍚庯細 myprog.tar : makefile $(SOURCES) $(HEADERS) tar -cvf $@ S^ clean : rm *.o 褰搈ake鍛戒護涓嶅甫鍙傛暟鎵ц鏃訛紝鏈鍚庝袱涓洰鏍噈yprog.tar鍜宑lean鐨勫懡浠や笉浼氭墽琛岋紝鍥犱負榪欎簺鏂囦歡娌℃湁渚濊禆鏂囦歡銆傚皢榪欎袱涓洰鏍囦綔涓哄弬鏁頒紶閫掔粰make鍛戒護錛屽彲浠ヨ皟鐢ㄤ笌鐩爣鍏寵仈鐨勫懡浠ゃ備緥濡傦細鎵цmake myprog.tar鍛戒護浼氭墽琛宼ar -cvf myprog.tar makefile foo.c bar.c foo.h bar.h璇彞錛岃屾墽琛宮ake clean鍛戒護浼氭墽琛宑lean *.o璇彞銆?br> 涓嬮潰緇欏嚭涓涓緝瀹屾暣鐨刴akefile鏂囦歡錛?br>--------------------------------------------------------- #Updated makefile that uses some built-in macros and#@-preceded commands define CC gcc endef OPTIONS=-03 OBJECTS=main.o input.o compute.o SOURCES=main.c input.c compute.c HEADERS=main.h input.h compute.h complete : power @echo "Build complete" power : $(OBJECTS) $(CC) $(OPTIONS) -o $@ $^ -lm @echo "The executable is in the 'power' file" main.o : main.h input.h compute.h compute.o : compute.h input.o : input.h power.tar : makefile $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES) tar -cvf $@ $^ clean : rm -f *.o ----------------------------------------------------- 鎵ц緇撴灉涓猴細 ----------------------------------------------------- $ make gcc -c main.c -o main.o gcc -c input.c -o input.o gcc -c compute.c -o compute.o gcc -o3 -o power main.o input.o compute.o -lm The executable is in the 'power' file Build complete $ make power.tar tar -cvf power.tar makefile main.h input.h compute.h main.c input.c compute.c makefile main.h input.h compute.h main.c input.c compute.c $ make clean rm -f *.o ------------------------------------------------------
]]> Linux閫氶厤絎?/title> http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105105.html榪滈 榪滈 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 09:08:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105105.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105105.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105105.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105105.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105105.html 鍦ㄤ嬌鐢╯hell鍛戒護瀵瑰涓枃浠跺璞℃墽琛屽崟涓鎿嶄綔鏃訛紝渚嬪鍒犻櫎褰撳墠鐩綍涓嬬殑file1鍒癴ile8錛屽嬈′嬌鐢ㄧ浉鍚岀殑鍛戒護rm file1鍒皉m file8闈炲父楹葷儲錛岄氬父浣跨敤閫氶厤絎︽ā寮忚В鍐寵繖涓棶棰橈細rm file[1-8]銆?br>褰撲嬌鐢ㄩ氶厤絎︽寚瀹氫竴縐嶆ā寮忔椂錛岃妯″紡涓庡簳灞傜郴緇熶笂鐨勪竴涓垨澶氫釜鏂囦歡鍖歸厤錛宻hell浠ョ┖鏍奸殧寮鐨勬墍鏈夊尮閰嶅璞$殑鍒楄〃鏉ユ浛鎹㈣妯″紡錛涘綋妯″紡涓嶈兘鎵懼埌鍖歸厤瀵硅薄鏃訛紝shell灝嗕笉鐞嗕細鍙傛暟銆侀氶厤絎︾瓑錛屼繚鐣欏師鏍楓備緥濡傦紝褰搇s -d /etc/g*涓嶈兘鎵懼埌/etc/g*鐨勪換浣曟枃浠舵椂錛屽氨浼氭姤閿欍?br> * --------浠h〃浠繪剰涓瓧絎︼紝浣嗕笉浼氬尮閰嶄互.寮濮嬬殑鏂囦歡鍚?br>? --------浠h〃涓涓瓧絎?br>\ --------杞箟瀛楃錛屽彲灝嗛氶厤絎︽垨鑰呯壒孌婂瓧絎﹁繕鍘熸垚涓鑸瓧絎?br>[abc] --------鍖歸厤[]閲岄潰鐨勬煇涓瓧絎?br>[a-z] --------鍖歸厤a鍒皕涔嬮棿鐨勬煇涓瓧絎︼紝榪樿兘鍐欐垚[A-Z]銆乕0-9]銆乕A-Za-z]絳?br>[!abc] --------鍖歸厤浠繪剰涓嶅寘鍚湪[!]閲岀殑瀛楃錛屽悓鏍峰寘鎷琜!a-z]絳夌殑鐢ㄦ硶錛岃繖閲孾鍜?涔嬮棿涓嶈兘鏈夌┖鏍?br>{c1,c2} --------鍚宑1鎴栬卌2鐩稿尮閰嶏紝鍏朵腑c1鍜宑2涔熸槸閫氶厤絎︼紝姣斿{[0-9]abc,[efg]}涓嶽0-9]abc銆乕efg]鍧囬氶厤 ; --------榪炵畫鎬у懡浠わ紝姣斿command1;command2錛屼笉綆″墠鑰呮槸鍚︽紜紝鍚庤呴兘浼氭墽琛岋紝浣跨敤&&鍜寍|鍒欎細鏈夊厛鍚庨『搴?br>! --------閫昏緫榪愮畻涓殑闈?br>/ --------璺緞瀛楃 $ --------璇誨彇鍙橀噺瀛楃錛屼緥濡俥cho $PATH >,>> --------杈撳嚭瀵煎悜錛屽垎鍒負娓呯┖涓庢湯灝劇瘡鍔?br>' --------鍗曞紩鍙?br>" --------鍙屽紩鍙?br>`` --------涓や釜`涓棿涓哄彲浠ュ厛鎵ц鐨勬寚浠わ紝渚嬪cat /etc/`pwd`/hello.娉ㄦ剰錛?/span> 浣跨敤[]鏃訛紝[涓嶿涔嬮棿緇濆涓嶈兘涓虹┖錛屾墍浠][*]琛ㄧず[銆乚涓?浠繪剰涓涓瓧絎︽潵鍖歸厤錛屽鏋滆澶勭悊涓庨氶厤絎︾浉鍏崇殑瀛楃錛岄渶瑕佷嬌鐢ㄨ漿涔夊瓧絎錛屼緥濡傦細 echo $[abc] 杈撳嚭緇撴灉鏄痑銆乥鎴栬卌鍙橀噺鐨勫箋?br>echo $\[abc\] 杈撳嚭緇撴灉鏄痆abc]鍙橀噺鐨勫鹼紙涓句緥鑰屽凡錛屽綋鐒朵笉瀛樺湪[abc]榪欐牱鐨勫彉閲忓悕錛夈?br>echo '[abc]' 鍗曞紩鍙蜂篃鑳借搗鍒頒笌杞箟瀛楃鍚屾牱鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ?span style="COLOR: red">鍙屽紩鍙峰唴閮ㄤ繚鐣欐墍鏈夐氶厤絎︾殑鍘熶箟錛岃屽崟寮曞彿鍐呴儴灝嗛氶厤絎﹁涓烘櫘閫氬瓧絎?/span>銆?/p>
]]> gcc緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ嬌鐢ㄧ畝鏄庢寚鍗?/title> http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105096.html榪滈 榪滈 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 07:46:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105096.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/105096.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/07/105096.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/105096.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/105096.html gcc瀵規枃浠剁殑澶勭悊闇瑕佺粡榪囬澶勭悊->緙栬瘧->姹囩紪->閾炬帴鐨勬楠わ紝浠庤屼駭鐢熶竴涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛屽悇閮ㄥ垎瀵瑰簲涓嶅悓鐨勬枃浠剁被鍨嬶紝鍏蜂綋濡備笅錛?br>file.c c紼嬪簭婧愭枃浠?br>file.i c紼嬪簭棰勫鐞嗗悗鏂囦歡 file.cxx c++紼嬪簭婧愭枃浠訛紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸file.cc / file.cpp / file.c++ file.ii c++紼嬪簭棰勫鐞嗗悗鏂囦歡 file.h c/c++澶存枃浠?br>file.s 姹囩紪紼嬪簭鏂囦歡 file.o 鐩爣浠g爜鏂囦歡
gcc [ 閫夐」 ] 鏂囦歡鍒楄〃 -ansi 寮哄埗瀹屽叏ANSI涓鑷?br> -c 浠呯紪璇戞垨姹囩紪錛岀敓鎴愮洰鏍囦唬鐮佹枃浠訛紝灝?c銆?i銆?s絳夋枃浠剁敓鎴?o鏂囦歡錛屽叾浣欐枃浠惰蹇界暐 -S 浠呯紪璇戯紝涓嶈繘琛屾眹緙栧拰閾炬帴錛屽皢.c銆?i絳夋枃浠剁敓鎴?s鏂囦歡錛屽叾浣欐枃浠惰蹇界暐 -E 浠呴澶勭悊錛屽茍鍙戦侀澶勭悊鍚庣殑.i鏂囦歡鍒版爣鍑嗚緭鍑猴紝鍏朵綑鏂囦歡琚拷鐣?br> -o file 鍒涘緩鍙墽琛屾枃浠跺茍淇濆瓨鍦╢ile涓紝鑰屼笉鏄粯璁ゆ枃浠禷.out -g 浜х敓鐢ㄤ簬璋冭瘯鍜屾帓閿欑殑鎵╁睍絎﹀彿琛紝鐢ㄤ簬GDB璋冭瘯錛屽垏璁?g鍜?O閫氬父涓嶈兘涓璧蜂嬌鐢?br> -w 鍙栨秷鎵鏈夎鍛?br> -W 緇欏嚭鏇磋緇嗙殑璀﹀憡 -O [ num ] 浼樺寲錛屽彲浠ユ寚瀹?-3浣滀負浼樺寲綰у埆錛岀駭鍒?琛ㄧず娌℃湁浼樺寲 -x language 榛樿涓?x none錛屽嵆渚濋潬鍚庣紑鍚嶇‘瀹氭枃浠剁被鍨嬶紝鍔犱笂-x lan紜畾鍚庨潰鎵鏈夋枃浠剁被鍨嬶紝鐩村埌涓嬩竴涓?x鍑虹幇涓烘 -D macro [ = ] 綾諱技浜庢簮紼嬪簭閲岀殑#define錛屽湪-D macro涓殑macro鍙婧愮▼搴忚瘑鍒紝渚嬪gcc -D NUM -D FILE = \ " bbs.txt\ " hello.c -o hello錛岀涓涓?D閫夐」瀹氫箟瀹廚UM錛屽湪紼嬪簭涓彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?ifdef鏉ユ鏌ユ槸鍚﹁璁劇疆錛岀浜屼釜-D瀹氫箟瀹廎ILE錛屽湪婧愮▼搴忎腑鍙敤 -U macro 綾諱技浜庢簮紼嬪簭寮澶村畾涔?undef macro錛屼篃灝辨槸鍙栨秷婧愮▼搴忎腑鐨勬煇涓畯瀹氫箟 -I dir 灝哾ir鐩綍鍔犲埌鎼滃澶存枃浠剁殑鐩綍涓幓錛屽茍浼樺厛浜巊cc涓己鐪佺殑鎼滅儲鐩綍錛屾湁澶氫釜-I閫夐」鏃訛紝鎸夌収鍑虹幇欏哄簭鎼滅儲 -L dir 灝哾ir鐩綍鍔犲埌鎼滅儲-lname閫夐」鎸囧畾鐨勫嚱鏁板簱鏂囦歡鐨勭洰褰曞垪琛ㄤ腑鍘伙紝騫朵紭鍏堜簬gcc緙虹渷鐨勬悳绱㈢洰褰曪紝鏈夊涓?L閫夐」鏃訛紝鎸夌収鍑虹幇欏哄簭鎼滅儲 -lname 鍦ㄩ摼鎺ユ椂浣跨敤鍑芥暟搴搇ibname.a錛岄摼鎺ョ▼搴忓湪-L dir鎸囧畾鐨勭洰褰曞拰/lib銆?usr/lib鐩綍涓嬪鎵捐搴撴枃浠訛紝鍦ㄦ病鏈変嬌鐢?static閫夐」鏃訛紝濡傛灉鍙戠幇鍏變韓鍑芥暟搴搇ibname.so錛屽垯浣跨敤libname.so榪涜鍔ㄦ侀摼鎺?nbsp; -fPIC 浜х敓浣嶇疆鏃犲叧鐨勭洰鏍囦唬鐮侊紝鍙敤浜庢瀯閫犲叡浜嚱鏁板簱 -static 紱佹涓庡叡浜嚱鏁板簱閾炬帴 -shared 灝介噺涓庡叡浜嚱鏁板簱閾炬帴錛堥粯璁わ級
浠ヤ笅鏄粠鏌愪簺鍗氬涓憳褰曠殑浣跨敤渚嬪瓙錛?br>http://hi.baidu.com/eng_cheng/blog/item/37c2f3aee20a79c47dd92ab2.html 1.緙栬瘧鍗曚釜鏂囦歡 vi hello.c //鍒涘緩婧愭枃浠秇ello.c gcc -o hello hello.c //緙栬瘧涓哄彲鎵ц鏂囦歡hello錛屽湪榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬩駭鐢熺殑鍙墽琛屾枃浠跺悕涓篴.out ./hello //鎵ц鏂囦歡錛屽鏋滃彧鍐檋ello鏄敊璇殑錛屽洜涓虹郴緇熶細灝唄ello褰撴寚浠ゆ潵鎵ц錛岀劧鍚庢姤閿?br>2.緙栬瘧澶氫釜婧愭枃浠?br> vi message.c gcc -c message.c //杈撳嚭message.o鏂囦歡錛屾槸涓涓凡緙栬瘧鐨勭洰鏍囦唬鐮佹枃浠?br>vi main.c gcc -c main.c //杈撳嚭main.o鏂囦歡 gcc -o all main.o message.o //鎵ц榪炴帴闃舵鐨勫伐浣滐紝鐒跺悗鐢熸垚all鍙墽琛屾枃浠?br>./all 娉ㄦ剰錛歡cc瀵瑰浣曞皢澶氫釜婧愭枃浠剁紪璇戞垚涓涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鏈夊唴緗殑瑙勫垯錛屾墍浠ュ墠闈㈢殑澶氫釜鍗曠嫭姝ラ鍙互綆鍖栦負涓涓懡浠ゃ?br>vi message.c vi main.c gcc -o all message.c main.c ./all3.浣跨敤澶栭儴鍑芥暟搴?/strong> GCC甯稿父涓庡寘鍚爣鍑嗕緥紼嬬殑澶栭儴杞歡搴撶粨鍚堜嬌鐢紝鍑犱箮姣忎竴涓猯inux搴旂敤紼嬪簭閮戒緷璧栦簬GNU C鍑芥暟搴揋LIBC銆?br>vi trig.c gcc -o trig -lm trig.c GCC鐨?lm閫夐」錛屽憡璇塆CC鏌ョ湅緋葷粺鎻愪緵鐨勬暟瀛﹀簱libm銆傚嚱鏁板簱涓鑸細浣嶄簬鐩綍/lib鎴栬?usr/lib涓?br>4.鍏變韓鍑芥暟搴撳拰闈欐佸嚱鏁板簱 闈欐佸嚱鏁板簱錛氭瘡嬈″綋搴旂敤紼嬪簭鍜岄潤鎬佽繛鎺ョ殑鍑芥暟搴撲竴璧風紪璇戞椂錛屼換浣曞紩鐢ㄧ殑搴撳嚱鏁扮殑浠g爜閮戒細琚洿鎺ュ寘鍚繘鏈緇堜簩榪涘埗紼嬪簭銆?br>鍏變韓鍑芥暟搴擄細鍖呭惈姣忎釜搴撳嚱鏁扮殑鍗曚竴鍏ㄥ眬鐗堟湰錛屽畠鍦ㄦ墍鏈夊簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忎箣闂村叡浜?br>vi message.c vi hello.c gcc -c hello.c gcc -fPIC -c message.c gcc -shared -o libmessge.so message.o 鍏朵腑錛孭IC鍛戒護琛屾爣璁板憡璇塆CC浜х敓鐨勪唬鐮佷笉瑕佸寘鍚鍑芥暟鍜屽彉閲忓叿浣撳唴瀛樹綅緗殑寮曠敤錛岃繖鏄洜涓虹幇鍦ㄨ繕鏃犳硶鐭ラ亾浣跨敤璇ユ秷鎭唬鐮佺殑搴旂敤紼嬪簭浼氬皢瀹冮摼鎺ュ埌鍝竴孌靛湴鍧絀洪棿銆傝繖鏍風紪璇戣緭鍑虹殑鏂囦歡message.o鍙互琚敤浜庡緩绔嬪叡浜嚱鏁板簱銆?shared鏍囪灝嗘煇鐩爣浠g爜鏂囦歡鍙樻崲鎴愬叡浜嚱鏁板簱鏂囦歡銆?br>gcc -o all -lmessage -L. hello.o -lmessage鏍囪鏉ュ憡璇塆CC鍦ㄨ繛鎺ラ樁孌典嬌鐢ㄥ叡浜暟鎹簱libmessage.so錛?L.鏍囪鍛婅瘔GCC鍑芥暟搴撳彲鑳藉湪褰撳墠鐩綍涓紝棣栧厛鏌ユ壘褰撳墠鐩綍錛屽惁鍒橤CC榪炴帴鍣ㄥ彧浼氭煡鎵劇郴緇熷嚱鏁板簱鐩綍錛屽湪鏈緥鎯呭喌涓嬶紝灝辨壘涓嶅埌鍙敤鐨勫嚱鏁板簱浜嗐?br>
]]> 閲嶅畾鍚戜笌綆¢亾 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/06/104886.html榪滈 榪滈 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 02:59:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/06/104886.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/104886.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/06/104886.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/104886.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/104886.html 閲嶅畾鍚?br> Linux shell鎺ユ敹鎴栧彂閫佸緪紓婂拰瀛楃涓叉祦琛屾槸鐨勮緭鍏ユ垨杈撳嚭錛屼笉綆″疄闄呯殑瀛楃涓叉祦榪涘叆鎴栨潵鑷摢涓枃浠躲侀敭鐩樸佹樉紺虹獥鍙g瓑璁懼錛岄兘浣跨敤鏂囦歡I/O鎶鏈潵璁塊棶嫻併侺inux shell浣跨敤3縐嶆爣鍑嗙殑I/O嫻侊紝姣忕嫻侀兘涓庝竴涓枃浠舵弿榪扮鐩稿叧錛?br>1.stdout鏄爣鍑嗚緭鍑烘祦錛屾樉紺烘潵鑷懡浠ょ殑杈撳嚭錛屾枃浠舵弿榪扮涓? 2.stderr鏄爣鍑嗛敊璇祦錛屾樉紺烘潵鑷懡浠ょ殑閿欒杈撳嚭錛屾枃浠舵弿榪扮涓? 3.stdin鏄爣鍑嗚緭鍏ユ祦錛屼負鍛戒護鎻愪緵杈撳叆錛屾枃浠舵弿榪扮涓? 閲嶅畾鍚戣緭鍑猴細 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨璁懼錛岃鐩栧師鏉ョ殑鏂囦歡 >! 杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨璁懼錛屽己鍒惰鐩栧師鏉ョ殑鏂囦歡 >> 杈撳嚭閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨璁懼錛岃拷鍔犲師鏉ョ殑鏂囦歡 n> 鏍囧噯杈撳嚭/鏍囧噯閿欒閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨鑰呰澶囷紝瑕嗙洊鍘熸潵鏂囦歡錛?涓洪粯璁わ級 n>> 鏍囧噯杈撳嚭/鏍囧噯閿欒閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓枃浠舵垨鑰呰澶囷紝榪藉姞鍘熸潵鐨勬枃浠訛紙1涓洪粯璁わ級 m>&n 鏍囧噯杈撳嚭/鏍囧噯閿欒閲嶅畾鍚戝埌鏍囧噯閿欒杈撳嚭/鏍囧噯閿欒 m>>&n &> 灝嗘爣鍑嗚緭鍑哄拰鏍囧噯閿欒閲嶅畾鍚戝埌鍚屼竴涓枃浠朵腑 &>> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.浠ヤ笅涓や釜鎸囦護錛?br>command 2>&1 1>output.txt command 1>output.txt 2>&1 榪欎釜鎸囦護鏄笉涓鏍風殑錛?span style="COLOR: red">絎竴縐嶆儏鍐典腑錛宻tderr琚噸瀹氬悜鍒皊tdout鐨勫綋鍓嶄綅緗紝鐒跺悗鍐嶅皢stdout閲嶅畾鍚戝埌output.txt錛屼絾1>output.txt鍙獎鍝峴tdout錛屼笉褰卞搷stderr銆傜浜岀鎯呭喌涓紝stderr琚噸瀹氬悜鍒皊tdout鐨勫綋鍓嶄綅緗紝鍗硂utput.txt涓?/span>銆?br>2.鍙互灝嗛夋嫨鐨勬祦閲嶅畾鍚戝埌絀烘枃浠?dev/null錛岃繖鏍風浉褰撲簬瀹屽叏蹇界暐鎵閫夌殑鏍囧噯嫻併備嬌鐢╟at鍛戒護鏄劇ず/dev/null鏄┖鐨勩?br>3.鏂囦歡閲嶅畾鍚戠殑鍛戒護琛屽唴瀹規槸浠庡乏鍒板彸浼扮畻鐨?/span>銆備互涓嬮潰鐨勪袱涓懡浠や負渚嬶細 sort 0<students 1>students.sorted 2>sort.error 濡傛灉涓婅堪鍛戒護涓洜涓簊tudents鏂囦歡涓嶅瓨鍦ㄨ屾棤娉曞惎鍔紝閭d箞1>students.sorted 2>sort.error榪欎竴孌典究鏃犳硶鎵ц錛屾墍浠ラ敊璇秷鎭緷鐒惰鍙戦佸埌鏄劇ず灞忥紝鑰屼笉鏄繚瀛樺埌鏂囦歡sort.error涓?br>sort 2>sort.error 0<students 1>students.sorted 涓婅堪鍛戒護瑙e喅浜嗚繖涓棶棰橈紝濡傛灉sort鍛戒護涓嶈兘鍚姩鏄洜涓簊tudents鏂囦歡涓嶅瓨鍦紝閿欒娑堟伅浼氳淇濈暀鍒版枃浠秙ort.error涓紝鍥犱負shell鍦ㄧ‘瀹氭枃浠秙tudents涓嶅瓨鍦ㄤ箣鍓嶅氨宸茬粡澶勭悊浜嗛敊璇緭鍑洪噸瀹氬悜銆?br> 閲嶅畾鍚戣緭鍏ワ細 ------------------------------------------------------------- < 杈撳叆閲嶅畾鍚戝埌涓涓▼搴忥紝濡倀r ' ' '\n' < text 0< 鏍囧噯杈撳叆閲嶅畾鍚?br>------------------------------------------------------------- 娉ㄦ剰錛?br>1.杈撳叆閲嶅畾鍚戜笌綆¢亾鏄彲浠ヤ簰鎹㈢殑錛屼緥濡俢at file | tr ' ' '\t'浣跨敤綆¢亾鍛戒護灝哻at鎸囦護鐨勬爣鍑嗚緭鍑烘灉浣滀負tr鎸囦護鐨勬爣鍑嗚緭鍏ワ紝鍙互鍐欐垚tr ' ' '\t' < file銆?br>2.shell瀛樺湪here-document鐨勬蹇碉紝榪欐槸鍙︿竴縐嶈緭鍏ラ噸瀹氬悜鐨勫艦寮?/span>錛屽畠灝?lt;<鍜屼竴涓崟璇嶇粨鍚堟瀯鎴愪竴涓爣璁幫紝鐢ㄦ潵琛ㄧず杈撳叆绔粨鏉熺錛屼緥濡傦細 sort -n << END 璇ユ寚浠ゆ帴鏀舵潵鑷爣鍑嗚緭鍏ョ鐨勫瓧絎︼紝鐩村埌END涓烘錛岀劧鍚巗ort鎺掑簭銆傚綋鐒朵篃鍙互浣跨敤sort -n浠ュ強CTRL+D鏉ヤ唬鏇褲?br>綆¢亾 1.鍦ㄤ袱涓懡浠や箣闂翠嬌鐢ㄧ閬搢鎿嶄綔絎﹀皢鍓嶄竴涓懡浠ょ殑stdout鎸囧悜絎簩涓懡浠ょ殑stdin錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃娣誨姞鏇村鐨勫懡浠ゅ拰綆¢亾鎿嶄綔絎︽潵鏋勯犳洿闀跨殑綆¢亾綰褲備嬌鐢ㄧ閬撴搷浣滅鍚庯紝鍙互浣跨敤榪炲瓧絎?鍙栦唬鏂囦歡鍚嶄綔涓轟竴涓弬鏁幫紝鐢ㄤ簬琛ㄨ堪杈撳叆鏉ヨ嚜stdin鑰屼笉鏄枃浠躲?br>2.闇瑕佹敞鎰忥紝綆¢亾綰夸粎灝唖tdout瀵煎悜stdin錛屼笉鑳戒嬌鐢?|榪欐牱鐨勫艦寮忓崟鐙埌澶剆tderr錛屼絾鏄彲浠ュ厛灝唖tderr閲嶅畾鍚戝埌stdout錛岀劧鍚庝嬌鐢ㄧ閬撳懡浠わ紝渚嬪ls y* x* z* 2>&1 | sort銆?br>3.綆¢亾涓嶆秹鍙婂埌涓棿鏂囦歡錛岀涓涓懡浠ょ殑stdout娌℃湁鍐欏埌涓涓枃浠朵腑錛岀劧鍚庡啀鐢辯浜屼釜鍛戒護璇誨彇錛堢浉褰撲簬閲嶅畾鍚戠殑鍐欐硶錛夛紝渚嬪bunzip2 -c somefile.tar.bz2 | tar -xvf -鍛戒護銆?br>涓庣閬撶浉鍏崇殑涓浜涙寚浠?br> cut -d "鍒嗗壊瀛楃" [-cf] fields file //浣跨敤鏌愬垎闅旂鍒嗗壊騫跺垪鍑鴻姹傜殑鍖哄煙 -d 鍚庨潰鎺ョ殑鏄垎鍓插瓧絎︼紝榛樿鏄┖鏍肩 -c 鍚庨潰鎺ョ殑鏄鍑犱釜瀛楃 -f 鍚庨潰鎺ョ殑鏄鍑犱釜鍖哄潡 渚嬪瓙錛?br>cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ":" -f 1 灝唒asswd鏂囦歡涓瘡涓琛岄噷鐨?:"鐢ㄤ綔鍒嗛殧絎︼紝鍒楀嚭絎竴涓尯鍧椼?br>last | cut -d " " -f 1 浠ョ┖鏍間綔涓哄垎闅旓紝騫跺垪鍑虹涓涓尯鍧椼?br>sort [-t 鍒嗛殧絎 [(+璧峰)(-緇撴潫)] [-nru] file //鎺掑簭 -t 鍒嗛殧絎︼紝鐢ㄦ潵闅斿紑涓嶅悓鐨勫尯鍧楋紝榛樿鏄疶AB -n 浣跨敤綰暟瀛楁帓搴忥紙榛樿浠ュ瓧姣嶆柟寮忔帓搴忥級 -r 鍙嶅悜鎺掑簭 -u 鐩稿悓鍑虹幇鐨勪竴琛岋紝鍙垪鍑轟竴嬈?br>+start -end 鐢辯start鍖哄潡鎺掑簭鍒扮end鍖哄潡wc [-lmw] file -l 璁$畻鏈夊灝戣 -m 璁$畻鏈夊灝戝瓧絎?br>-w 璁$畻鏈夊灝戝瓧 wc鐢ㄤ簬緇熻錛屼緥濡傝鐭ラ亾鐩墠甯愬彿鏂囦歡閲屾湁澶氬皯甯愬彿錛屽氨鏄敤wc -l錛屽洜涓?etc/passwd閲屼竴琛屼唬琛ㄤ竴涓敤鎴鳳紝鍗籌細cat /etc/passwd | wc -l銆?br>uniq [-cdu] inputfile [outputfile] //榛樿鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず鎵鏈夌殑琛屼竴嬈?br>-c 鐢ㄤ簬璁$畻姣忚鍑虹幇鐨勬鏁?br>-d 鍙墦鍗頒笉閲嶅鐨勮 -u 鍙墦鍗伴噸澶嶇殑琛?br>渚嬪錛?br>last | cut -d " " -f 1 | sort | uniqtee file tee鍛戒護灝嗘暟鎹悓鏃舵樉紺哄湪灞忓箷涓婂拰鏂囦歡涓紝浣跨敤鏂瑰紡濡備笅錛?br>last | tee file | cut -d " " -f 1 last鐨勮緭鍑烘暟鎹紶鍏ile涓紝涔熶細鍚屾椂浼犵粰stdout銆?br>tr [-ds] SET1 [SET2] //浠庢爣鍑嗚緭鍏ヤ腑緲昏瘧銆佸垹闄ゅ瓧絎︿覆錛屽茍鍐欏埌鏍囧噯杈撳嚭涓?br>-d 鍒犻櫎SET1榪欎釜瀛楃涓?br>-s 瀵筍ET1鍑虹幇鐨勫瓧絎︼紝褰撹繛緇嚭鐜版椂浠呮墦鍗頒竴嬈?br>渚嬪錛?br>cat /etc/passwd | tr -d : 榪欎釜鍛戒護浼氬垹闄?:'榪欎釜絎﹀彿騫舵樉紺鴻緭鍑恒?br>last | tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' 榪欎釜鍛戒護灝嗗皬鍐欐敼鎴愬ぇ鍐欙紝鍙栦唬鍘熸湁鐨勫瓧絎︺?br>split [-bl num] 杈撳叆鏂囦歡 杈撳嚭鏂囦歡鍓嶅瀛楃 -b 浠ユ枃浠秙ize鏉ュ垎 -l 浠ヨ鏁版潵鍒?br>璇ユ寚浠ゅ皢鏌愭枃浠跺唴瀹瑰垎鍓叉垚鍑犱釜瀛愭枃浠訛紝瀛愭枃浠跺悕瀛椾負鍓嶅瀛楃+aa銆乤b銆乤c絳夛紝浣跨敤-l鎸囧畾姣忎釜鏂囦歡鐨勮鏁幫紝浣跨敤-b鎸囧畾姣忎釜鏂囦歡鐨勫ぇ灝忋?br>渚嬪瓙錛?br>split -l 5 /etc/passwd test //浜х敓testaa銆乼estab絳夋枃浠躲?/p>
]]> vi甯哥敤鎸囦護 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/05/104841.html榪滈 榪滈 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 08:57:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/05/104841.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/104841.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/05/104841.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/104841.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/104841.html 涓鑸ā寮忥細 0 縐誨埌榪欎竴琛岀殑絎竴涓瓧絎﹀ $ 縐誨埌榪欎竴琛岀殑鏈鍚庝竴涓瓧絎﹀ G 縐誨埌榪欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勬渶鍚庝竴琛岀涓涓瓧絎?br>gg 縐誨埌榪欎釜鏂囦歡鐨勯琛岀涓涓瓧絎?br>x 鍚戝悗鍒犻櫎涓涓瓧絎?br>X 鍚戝墠鍒犻櫎涓涓瓧絎?br>dd 鍒犻櫎鍏夋爣鎵鍦ㄧ殑涓鏁磋 ndd 鍒犻櫎鍏夋爣鎵鍦ㄨ鐨勫悜涓媙琛?br>yy 澶嶅埗鍏夋爣鎵鍦ㄨ nyy 澶嶅埗鍏夋爣鎵鍦ㄨ鐨勫悜涓媙琛?br>p,P p涓虹矘璐村湪鍏夋爣涓嬩竴琛岋紝P涓虹矘璐村湪鍏夋爣涓婁竴琛?br>u 鎭㈠鍓嶄竴涓姩浣?br>J 灝嗗厜鏍囨墍鍦ㄨ涓庝笅涓琛岀粨鍚堟垚涓鍒?br>n<Enter> 鍏夋爣鍚戜笅縐誨姩n琛?br>鍛戒護琛屾ā寮忥細 :w 灝嗙紪杈戠殑鏁版嵁鍐欏叆紜洏鏂囦歡涓?br>:w! 寮哄埗淇濆瓨 :q 閫鍑簐i :q! 寮哄埗閫鍑簐i錛屼笉淇濆瓨鏂囦歡 :wq 淇濆瓨鍚庨鍑?br>:wq! 寮哄埗淇濆瓨鍚庨鍑?br>:w file 灝嗘暟鎹繚瀛樹負鍙︿竴涓枃浠訛紝鍘熸枃浠朵笉鍙?nbsp; :n1,n2 w file 灝唍1琛屽埌n2琛岀殑鍐呭淇濆瓨涓篺ile鏂囦歡 :set nu 鏄劇ず琛屽彿 :set nonu 涓嶆樉紺鴻鍙?br>:/word 鍦ㄥ厜鏍囦箣鍚庢煡鎵句竴涓悕涓簑ord鐨勫瓧絎︿覆 :?word 鍦ㄥ厜鏍囦箣鍓嶆煡鎵句竴涓悕涓簑ord鐨勫瓧絎︿覆 :n1,n2 s/word1/word2/g 鍦ㄧn1涓庣n2琛屼箣闂存煡鎵緒ord1榪欎釜瀛楃涓詫紝騫跺皢璇ュ瓧絎︿覆鏇挎崲涓簑ord2錛屼緥濡俷1涓?錛宯2涓? :n1,n2 s/word1/word2/gc 鍚屼笂錛屽茍鏄劇ず鎻愮ず絎︿緵鐢ㄦ埛紜
]]>Linux甯哥敤鎸囦護姹囨?/title> http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/04/104609.html榪滈 榪滈 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 08:53:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/04/104609.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/104609.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2010/01/04/104609.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/104609.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/104609.html 鎻愪緵銆奓inux鍛戒護澶у叏.chm銆嬫枃浠訛紝涓嬭澆鍦板潃涓猴細/Files/amazon/Linux鍛戒護澶у叏.rar shutdown鎸囦護錛?br>shutdown鍛戒護鐢ㄤ簬緇堟鎿嶄綔緋葷粺銆侀噸寮鏈烘垨鑰呭悜鎵鏈夌敤鎴蜂紶閫佷俊鎭紝鍏蜂綋璺緞涓?sbin/shutdown錛屽彧鏈塺oot鏉冮檺鎵嶆湁鏉冭繍琛屾鍛戒護銆?br>shutdown [-t seconds] [-arkhncfF] minutes [璀﹀憡淇℃伅] -h shutdown鍚庣珛鍗砲alt -k 涓峴hutdown錛屼粎鍙戦佽鍛婁俊鎭粰鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br>-r shutdown鍚庨噸鏂板紑鏈?br>-n 闈炴甯告柟寮忓叧鏈猴紝鐢ㄥ己榪殑鏂瑰紡kill鎺夋墍鏈夌▼搴忕劧鍚庡叧鏈?br>-t sec 鍦ㄨ鍛婁俊鎭拰鍏蟲満淇″彿涔嬮棿鏈塻ec縐掔殑寤惰繜 -f 鍏蟲満騫跺紑鏈哄悗錛岀暐榪噁sck宸ュ叿鐨勭鐩樻鏌?br>-F 鍏蟲満騫跺紑鏈哄悗錛屽己鍒秄sck宸ュ叿鐨勭鐩樻鏌?br>-c 鍙栨秷shutdown鎸囦護錛屼笉闇瑕佷嬌鐢╩inutes鍙傛暟錛屼絾鏄彲浠ユ湁璀﹀憡淇℃伅娉ㄦ剰錛歮inutes鍙傛暟鏄己鍒舵х殑錛屽彲浠ョ敤now琛ㄧず绔嬪嵆鍏蟲満銆?br> linux鏂囦歡灞炴э細 -rwxrwx--- 絎竴涓睘鎬т唬琛ㄦ枃浠舵槸鐩綍錛坉錛夈佹枃浠訛紙-錛夈侀摼鎺ユ枃浠訛紙l錛夈佽澶囨枃浠朵腑渚涘瓨鍌ㄧ殑鎺ュ彛璁懼錛坆錛夈佽澶囨枃浠朵腑鐨勪覆鍙h澶囧閿洏榧犳爣錛坈錛夈?br>鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ殑灞炴?涓負涓緇勶紝鍏朵腑r浠h〃鍙銆亀浠h〃鍙啓銆亁浠h〃鍙墽琛屻?浠h〃涓嶅叿澶囨煇涓睘鎬с傜涓緇勪負鎷ユ湁鑰呯殑鏉冮檺錛岀浜岀粍涓虹兢緇勭殑鏉冮檺錛岀涓夌粍涓哄叾浠栭潪鏈兢緇勭殑鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬潈闄愩?br>瀵逛簬鐩綍鐨勬潈闄愯棰濆娉ㄦ剰銆傚鏋滃鏌愮洰褰曠殑鏉冮檺鏄痳wx錛岄偅涔堝彲璇誨彲鍐欏彲鎵ц錛涘鏋滄潈闄愭槸r-x錛岄偅涔堝彲璇誨彲榪涘叆錛屼絾鏃犳硶鍐欏叆錛涘鏋滄潈闄愭槸r--錛岄偅涔堜笉鍙繘鍏ヨ鐩綍銆傛敞鎰忥細鐩綍涓巟鐨勫叧緋誨緢閲嶈錛屽鏋滄煇鐢ㄦ埛瀵規煇鐩綍娌℃湁x鏉冮檺錛岃嚜鐒朵篃灝辨棤娉曟墽琛宭s銆乧d絳夋寚浠わ紝鎵浠ヤ篃灝辨棤娉曡繘鍏ョ洰褰?/span>銆傚鏋滄煇鐢ㄦ埛瀵規煇鐩綍浠呮湁r鐨勬潈闄愶紝鏄笉鑳借繘鍏ヨ鐩綍鐨勩?br>linux涓嬬殑鏂囦歡鏄惁鍙墽琛屼笌鍚庣紑鍚嶆棤鍏籌紝鑰屾槸鐢眡榪欎釜灞炴ф潵鍐沖畾鐨勶紝鍚庣紑 浠呰搗鍒頒慨楗扮殑浣滅敤銆傛枃浠跺悕涔嬪墠濡傛灉鏈変竴涓?."錛岃鏄庤鏂囦歡鏄殣钘忔枃浠訛紝渚嬪“.bashrc_history”錛屼嬌鐢╨s -al鍙互鏄劇ず闅愯棌鏂囨。銆?br> 鏀瑰彉鎵鍦ㄧ兢緇?bin/chgrp錛?br>chgrp group file/dir 娉ㄦ剰錛氭敼鍙樼殑緹ょ粍鍚嶅繀欏誨湪/etc/group涓瓨鍦紝鍚﹀垯浼氭樉紺洪敊璇? 鏀瑰彉鎷ユ湁鑰?bin/chown錛?br>chown [-R] owner file/dir chown [-R] owner:group file/dir -R 寰幆鍦板皢璇ョ洰褰曚笅鐨勬墍鏈夋枃浠墮兘鏀規垚owner涓巊roup鐨勫悕縐幫紝鑰屼笉浠呬粎鏄鐩綍 鏀瑰彉鏉冮檺/bin/chmod錛?br>chmod [-R] xyz file/dir -R 寰幆鍦板皢璇ョ洰褰曚笅鐨勬枃浠墮兘鏀瑰彉錛岃屼笉浠呬粎鏄鐩綍 xyz涓轟笁緇剅wx灞炴ф暟鍊肩殑鐩稿姞錛屽叾涓璻涓?錛寃涓?錛寈涓?錛岄偅涔?wx灝辨槸3錛宺wx灝辨槸7銆?br>chmod [-R] u=,o=,g= file/dir 鍏朵腑錛?br>u鏄痷ser錛実鏄痝roup錛宱鏄痮thers錛宎鏄墍鏈変笁緇勩備緥濡傦細chmod u=rwx,og=rx file錛宑hmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=r file銆?br>+鏄姞鍏ワ紝-鏄櫎鍘匯俢hmod a+w file/dir錛宑hmod u-x file/dir銆?br> chattr/lsattr錛?br>寰呮煡銆?br>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cd鍛戒護錛?br>cd 鐩稿璺緞/緇濆璺緞 鐧誨叆linux緋葷粺鍚庯紝root鐨勫伐浣滆礬寰勪細鑷姩鍒囨崲鍒皉oot鐩綍涓嬶紝鑰岀敤鎴蜂細鑷姩杞埌/home/user涓嬨?br> /bin/pwd鍛戒護錛?br>pwd pwd鐢ㄤ簬鏄劇ず褰撳墠鎵鍦ㄧ洰褰曘?br> /bin/mkdir鍜?bin/rmdir鍛戒護錛?br>mkdir [-p] 鐩綍鍚嶇О -p 欏哄簭鍒涘緩鐩綍鍜屽瓙鐩綍錛屼緥濡俶kdir -p a/b/c錛屽垯欏哄簭寤虹珛a銆乤/b鍜宎/b/c銆?br>mkdir寤虹珛鏂扮殑鐩綍錛屽挨鍏舵敞鎰忥細褰撳緩绔?home/amazon/test鐨勭洰褰曟椂錛屽繀欏葷‘淇濆墠闈㈢殑鐩綍閮藉瓨鍦?/span>銆?br>rmdir 鐩綍鍚嶇О -p 欏哄簭鍒犻櫎鐩綍鍜屽瓙鐩綍錛屽悓涓娿?br>rmdir鍒犻櫎鏃ф湁鐨勭洰褰曪紝鐩綍闇瑕佸眰灞傚垹闄わ紝鑰屼笖琚垹闄ょ殑鐩綍涓笉鑳芥湁鍏朵粬鐨勭洰褰曟垨鏂囦歡 錛岄櫎闈炰嬌鐢╮m -rf 鐩綍鍚嶇О 榪欐牱鐨勫懡浠ゃ?br> /bin/ls鍛戒護錛?br>ls [-ailS] -a 鍒楀嚭鎵鏈夋枃浠訛紙鍖呮嫭闅愯棌鏂囨。錛?br>-i 鎵撳嵃inode鐨勫?br>-l 璇︾粏鍒楀嚭錛屽寘鎷枃浠跺ぇ灝忥紝灞炴ф暟鎹瓑 -S 浠ユ枃浠跺ぇ灝忔帓搴?br>--color=never 涓嶆樉紺洪鑹?br>--color=always 鎬繪樉紺洪鑹?br>--color=auto 鐢辯郴緇熻嚜琛屽垽鏂?br>濡傛灉鎯充嬌ls榛樿娌℃湁棰滆壊錛屽彲浠ュ湪/root/.bashrc鎴栬呮牴鐢ㄦ埛鐨?bashrc鏂囦歡涓姞鍏ヤ笅闈㈢殑浠g爜錛?br>alias ls='ls --color=never' /bin/cp鍛戒護錛?br>cp [-drsu] 婧愭枃浠?鐩爣鏂囦歡 -r 鍙互榪涜鐩綍鐨勫鍒?br>-s 鍋氭垚絎﹀彿閾炬帴鏂囦歡錛屼笌ln鎸囦護鍔熻兘鐩稿悓 -u 濡傛灉婧愭枃浠惰緝鏂幫紝鎴栬呮病鏈夌洰鏍囨枃浠訛紝鎵嶄細榪涜澶嶅埗鍔ㄤ綔錛屽彲鐢ㄤ簬澶囦喚鎿嶄綔 -d 濡傛灉鏄鍒墮摼鎺ユ枃浠訛紝鑻ヤ笉鍔犱換浣曞弬鏁板垯榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬩細灝嗛摼鎺ュ埌鐨勬簮鏂囦歡澶嶅埗鍒扮洰鐨勫湴錛涜嫢鍔?d錛屽垯閾炬帴鏂囦歡鍙師灝佷笉鍔ㄥ湴閾炬帴榪欎釜蹇嵎鏂瑰紡鍒扮洰鐨勫湴錛屽嵆淇濈暀杞‖閾炬帴娉ㄦ剰錛氬彧鏈夌洰鏍囪礬寰勮岀己灝戠洰鏍囨枃浠剁殑璇濓紝鍙婧愮洰褰曚笌鐩爣鐩綍涓嶇浉鍚屽嵆鍙紝澶嶅埗鍚庣殑鐩爣鏂囦歡涓庢簮鏂囦歡鍚屽悕銆?/span> /bin/rm鍛戒護錛?br>rm [-irf] 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong> -i 鎻愪緵鐢ㄦ埛紜錛堥粯璁ゅ鹼級 -r 寰幆鍒犻櫎錛岀洿鍒版病鏈変笢瑗夸負姝?br>-f 寮哄埗鍒犻櫎娉ㄦ剰錛?rf鍙互榪炵畫鍒犻櫎鏌愮洰褰曚笅鎵鏈夋枃浠朵笌鐩綍錛屼互鍙婅鐩綍鏈韓銆?/span> /bin/mv鍛戒護錛?br>mv [-u] 婧愭枃浠?鐩爣鏂囦歡 -u 涓簎pdate鐨勭緝鍐欙紝褰撴簮鏂囦歡姣旂洰鏍囨枃浠惰繕鏂版椂鎵嶄細鍔ㄤ綔 紺轟緥錛?br>mv file file.new //鏇存敼鏂囦歡鍚?br>mv file1 file2 /tmp //鏈鍚庝竴涓?tmp鎵嶆槸鐩爣鏂囦歡鐩綍錛宖ile1鍜宖ile2鏄簮鏂囦歡 /bin/cat鍜?bin/tac鍛戒護錛?br>cat [-n] 鏂囦歡鍚?br> -n 鏄劇ず鏃訛紝榪炶鍙蜂竴璧瘋緭鍑哄埌灞忓箷涓?br>tac 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong> tac鍒氬ソ灝哻at鍙嶅啓榪囨潵錛屼粠鏈鍚庝竴琛屽埌絎竴琛屽弽鍚戞樉紺哄湪灞忓箷涓娿?br> /bin/more鍜?usr/bin/less鍛戒護錛?br>more 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong> more鍛戒護鍙互涓欏典竴欏靛湴鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍐呭錛岃岄氬父鎯呭喌涓嬬敤cat娌℃硶鐪嬫竻妤氥俶ore涔熷彲浠ョ敤鏉ラ厤鍚堢閬撲嬌鐢紝渚嬪ls -al | more鍙互灝嗘樉紺虹殑鍐呭涓欏典竴欏靛湴鍒楀嚭銆?br>less 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong> 浣跨敤more鏃舵棤娉曞悜鍓嶇炕鐪嬶紝鑰屼嬌鐢╨ess灝卞彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╬ageup鍜宲agedown鍚戝墠鍚戝悗緲葷湅銆?br> /usr/bin/head鍜?usr/bin/tail鍛戒護錛?br>head [-n number] 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong> 鏄劇ず涓涓枃浠剁殑鍓嶅嚑琛岋紝鑻ユ病鏈夊姞涓?n鍙傛暟錛岄粯璁ゆ樉紺哄墠10琛岋紝鑻ュ彧鎯蟲樉紺轟竴琛岋紝鍙互杈撳叆head -n 1 filename銆?br>tail [-n number] 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong> 鍚屼笂銆?br>渚嬪瓙錛氳姹傝緭鍑烘煇鏂囦歡鐨勭n琛屽埌絎琻+m琛岋紝鍙互浣跨敤head -n n+m file | tail -n m榪欐牱鐨勬寚浠ゃ?br> /usr/bin/nl鍛戒護錛?br>nl 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong> nl鎸囦護鐨勭敤娉曞拰cat -n鐢ㄦ硶鐩鎬技錛屽嵆鏌ョ湅鏂囦歡鐨勫悓鏃朵篃鍙互鏄劇ず琛屽彿銆?br> /usr/bin/od鍛戒護錛?br>od 鏂囦歡鍚?/strong> od鐢ㄤ簬璇誨彇闈濧SCII鏂囦歡錛屼緥濡備簩榪涘埗鏂囦歡錛屼嬌鐢╟at鎴栬卾i璇誨彇浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠舵槸涔辯爜銆?br> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 紜摼鎺?絎﹀彿閾炬帴錛?br>hard link灝辨槸閲嶆柊寤虹珛涓涓猧node閾炬帴鍒版枃浠舵斁緗殑block鍧楋紝騫跺湪鏌ヨ鏃跺埄鐢ㄥ師鏉ョ殑inode涓庡悗鏉ユ坊鍔犵殑inode鍧囧彲鎸囧畾鍒拌鏂囦歡鏀劇疆鐨勫湴鐐癸紝璇誨彇涓や釜indoe鐨勭粨鏋滈兘鏄瓨鍙栧悓涓涓枃浠剁殑鍐呭銆備絾鏄嬌鐢ㄧ‖閾炬帴鏈変袱涓渶澶ч檺鍒訛細 1.涓嶈兘璺ㄦ枃浠剁郴緇燂紝鍥犱負涓嶅悓鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏈変笉鍚岀殑inode table錛?br>2.涓嶈兘閾炬帴鐩綍錛屽洜涓虹洰褰曟湰韜笉鏄枃浠訛紝浠呬粎娑堣梚node鑰屾病鏈塨lock錛岃宨node鏄摼鎺ュ埌block鍧楃殑銆?br>symbolic link灝辨槸鍐嶅緩绔嬩竴涓嫭绔嬫枃浠訛紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡浼氳鏁版嵁璇誨彇鎿嶄綔鎸囧悜瀹冮摼鎺ョ殑閭d釜鏂囦歡銆傚叾緙虹偣鍦ㄤ簬錛屽綋婧愭枃浠惰鍒犻櫎錛岀鍙烽摼鎺ョ殑鏂囦歡灝辨墦涓嶅紑浜嗭紝灞忓箷鏄劇ず“鏃犳硶寮鍚煇鏂囦歡”銆?br>ln [-s] 婧愭枃浠?鐩爣鏂囦歡 -s 鎻愪緵絎﹀彿閾炬帴錛屼笉鍔犺鍙傛暟涓虹‖閾炬帴 鍋囪a涓烘枃浠訛紝a.hard涓虹‖閾炬帴鏂囦歡錛宎.sym涓虹鍙烽摼鎺ユ枃浠訛紝閭d箞浣跨敤rm a涔嬪悗錛宮ore a.hard渚濈劧姝e父鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍐呭錛岃宮ore s.sym鏄劇ず“涓嶅瓨鍦ㄨ鐩綍鎴栨枃浠?#8221;銆傝繖鏄洜涓篴.sym涓虹鍙烽摼鎺ユ枃浠訛紝瀵瑰叾榪涜鎿嶄綔鐩稿綋浜庡a鎸囧畾鐨刡lock鍐呮枃浠惰繘琛屾搷浣滐紱鑰宎.hard涓虹‖閾炬帴鏂囦歡錛岀浉褰撲簬a鐨勫彟澶栦竴涓埆鍚嶏紝鍘繪帀a鍙槸鍘繪帀浜嗗叾涓竴涓埆鍚嶈屽凡錛屼絾鏂囦歡榪樺湪block涓?br> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /usr/bin/which銆?usr/bin/whereis鍜?usr/bin/find絳夋寚浠わ細which command which鏌ョ湅鍛戒護鎵鍦ㄥ彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鐨勪綅緗紙浠呬粎鏄彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛夛紝鍗抽氳繃PATH鐜鍙橀噺鍒拌璺緞鍐呭鎵懼彲鎵ц鏂囦歡銆?br>whereis [-bmsu] command -b 鍙鎵句簩榪涘埗鏂囦歡 -m 鍙鎵懼湪璇存槑鏂囦歡manual璺緞涓嬬殑鏂囦歡 -s 鍙鎵緎ource婧愭枃浠?br>-u 鍙鎵鵑潪璇存槑鏂囨。鐨勬枃浠?br>whereis灝嗗懡浠よ鎵鍦ㄦ枃浠剁殑璺緞鍒楀嚭鏉ャ?br>find 璺緞 [鍙傛暟] find鍛戒護灝嗘煇涓璺緞涓嬬殑鏂囦歡鍒楀嵃鍑烘潵銆?br>-atime n 灝唍×24灝忔椂鍐呰瀛樺彇榪囩殑鏂囦歡鍒楀嚭鏉?br>-ctime n 灝唍×24灝忔椂鍐呰鏀瑰彉銆佹柊澧炵殑鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曞垪鍑烘潵 -mtime n 灝唍×24灝忔椂鍐呰淇敼榪囩殑鏂囦歡鍒楀嚭鏉?br>-newer file 鎶婃瘮file榪樿鏂扮殑鏂囦歡鍒楀嚭鏉?br>-gid n 瀵繪壘緹ょ粍ID涓簄鐨勬枃浠?br>-group name 瀵繪壘緹ょ粍鍚嶇О涓簄ame鐨勬枃浠?br>-uid n 瀵繪壘鎷ユ湁鑰匢D涓簄鐨勬枃浠?br>-user name 瀵繪壘鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶄負name鐨勬枃浠?br>-name file 瀵繪壘鏂囦歡鍚嶄負file鐨勬枃浠?br>-type type 瀵繪壘鏂囦歡灞炴т負type鐨勬枃浠訛紝鍖呮嫭b銆乧銆乨銆乸銆乴銆乻絳夈?br>locate dir/file 浣跨敤locate鏌ユ壘鏁版嵁姣攆ind蹇紝鍥犱負locate鏄粠宸茬粡寤虹珛鐨勬暟鎹簱/var/lib/slocate涓煡鎵炬暟鎹紝涓嶇敤鐩存帴鍦ㄧ‖鐩樹腑瀛樺彇鏁版嵁銆?br> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 鏌ョ湅紜洏鎴栫洰褰曠殑瀹歸噺鎸囦護/bin/df鍜?bin/du錛?br>df [-ikm] 鏌ョ湅紜洏鐨勬誨閲忋佸凡鐢ㄥ閲忎笌inode絳夈?br>-i 浣跨敤inodes鏄劇ず緇撴灉 -k 浣跨敤KBytes鏄劇ず緇撴灉錛堥粯璁わ級 -m 浣跨敤MBytes鏄劇ず緇撴灉du [-abckms] [鐩綍鍚嶇О] 錛堢渷鐣ヨ〃紺哄綋鍓嶆墍鍦ㄧ洰褰曪級 緇熻鏌愮洰褰曚笅鐨勬枃浠跺閲忋?br>-a 鍒楀嚭鎵鏈夌殑鏂囦歡涓庣洰褰曪紝榛樿鍊兼槸鍒楀嚭鐩綍鐨勫?br>-b 鍒楀嚭鐨勫間互bytes杈撳嚭 -c 鏈鍚庢眰鎬籺otal -k 鍒楀嚭鐨勫間互KB杈撳嚭錛堥粯璁わ級 -m 鍒楀嚭鐨勫間互MB杈撳嚭 -s 鍙垪鍑烘渶鍚庢眰鎬葷殑鍊?br> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /bin/echo鎸囦護錛?br>echo $variable 鏄劇ず褰撳墠variable鍙橀噺銆?br> /bin/env鎸囦護錛?br>env 鏄劇ず緋葷粺鐨勬墍鏈夌幆澧冨彉閲忥紝鏌愪簺閲嶈鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲忓涓嬶細 ENV=/home/amazon/.bashrc 鐢ㄦ埛鑷畾涔夌幆澧冨彉閲忕殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛宺oot鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬槸/root/.bashrc HISTSIZE=1000 褰撳墠鎸囦護璁板繂鏁伴噺 HOME=/home/amazon 鐧誨叆鑰呯殑鏍圭洰褰?br>HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain 涓繪満鐨勫悕瀛?br>HOSTTYPE=i386 涓繪満紜歡鐨勭瓑綰х姸鎬侊紙i386銆乮686錛?br>LANGUAGE =C 榛樿璇█鐨勮祫鏂?br>LOGNAME=amazon 鐧誨叆鑰呯殑甯愬彿 MAIL=/var/spool/mail/amazon 閭歡鏂囦歡 PATH=...... 鎸囦護璺緞 PWD=/home/amazon 褰撳墠鎵鍦ㄨ礬寰?br>USERNAME=amazon 鐧誨叆鑰呯殑甯愬彿 USER=amazon 鐢ㄦ埛甯愬彿 /bin/set鎸囦護錛?br>set 鏄劇ず褰撳墠鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲忥紝涔熶細鏄劇ず鑷畾涔夌殑鍙橀噺銆傛敞鎰忥細鑷畾涔夊彉閲忓彧鑳借嚜宸變嬌鐢紝鑰屼笉浼氬共鎵板埌鍒漢錛岄櫎闈炰慨鏀逛簡緋葷粺鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲?br> 鍙橀噺璁懼畾瑙勫垯錛?br>var='......' 1.鍙橀噺涓庡彉閲忓唴瀹圭敤=榪炵粨錛?br>2.絳夊彿涓よ竟涓嶈兘鐩存帴鎺ョ┖鏍肩錛屽name = variable閿欒錛?br>3.鍙橀噺鍙兘鏄嫳鏂囧瓧姣嶄笌鏁板瓧錛屾暟瀛椾笉鑳藉紑澶達紱 4.鏈夌┖鏍肩鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛屼嬌鐢ㄥ弻寮曞彿鎴栬呭崟寮曞彿鎷綇鍙橀噺錛?/span>鍙屽紩鍙風殑鐗規畩瀛楃鍙互淇濈暀鍙橀噺鐗規э紝濡?$PATH"錛屽崟寮曞彿涓嶅彲浠?/span>錛?br>5.\涓鴻漿涔夊瓧絎︼紝鍙互灝嗙壒孌婂瓧絎︼紙Enter銆?銆乗銆佺┖鏍肩銆?絳夛級鍙樻垚涓鑸鍙鳳紝鑰屼笉闇瑕佸弻寮曞彿錛?br>6.鎵╁鍙橀噺闇瑕佺敤"$PATH":/home銆?$PATH:/home"鎴栬?PATH:/home榪欐牱鐨勫艦寮忕瘡鍔狅紱 7.鑻ヨ鍙橀噺闇瑕佸湪鍏朵粬瀛愮▼搴忔墽琛岋紝浠xport浣垮彉閲忓彲浠ュ姩浣滐紝濡俥xport PATH錛涳紙浠涔堟剰鎬濓紵錛?br>8.緋葷粺棰勮鍙橀噺鐢ㄥぇ鍐欙紝鑷畾涔夊彉閲忕敤灝忓啓錛?br>9.鐢╱nset variable鍙栨秷鍙橀噺 銆?br> 鍒悕alias鎸囦護錛?br>alias name='.....' 鍒悕鍜屽彉閲忕殑瀹氫箟鍩烘湰涓鑷淬?br>alias 鏌ヨ鎵鏈夊埆鍚嶏紝鍖呮嫭緋葷粺榛樿鍒悕鍜岃嚜瀹氫箟鍒悕銆?br>unalias name 鍙栨秷鍒悕銆?br> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /usr/bin/compress鎸囦護錛?br>compress [-d] filename -d 瑙e帇緙╁弬鏁幫紝涔熷彲浠ヤ嬌鐢?strong>uncompress filename 鎸囦護zcat filename.Z zcat鍙互璇誨彇.Z鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹廣?br>娉ㄦ剰錛歝ompress鐢ㄦ潵鍘嬬緝涓庤В鍘嬬緝鍚庣紑鍚嶄負.Z鐨勬枃浠躲備嬌鐢╟ompress鍘嬬緝鍚庯紝濡傛灉娌℃湁緇欏嚭鍏朵粬鍙傛暟錛?span style="COLOR: red">鍘熷鏂囦歡浼氳鍚庢潵鐨?Z鏂囦歡鍙栦唬 錛屼嬌鐢╱ncompress鎸囦護涔熸槸涓鏍楓?br> /usr/binbzip2鍜?usr/binbzcat鎸囦護錛?br>bzip2 [-dz] filename -d 瑙e帇緙╋紝鍙互浣跨敤bunzip2 filename 鍙栦唬 -z 鍘嬬緝錛堥粯璁わ級bzcat filename.bz2 //璇誨彇鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡鍐呭錛岃屼笉闇瑕佽В鍘嬬緝 娉ㄦ剰錛氬綋鏂囦歡鍚庣紑涓?bz銆?bz2銆乼bz銆乼bz2絳夋椂錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╞zip2榪涜瑙e帇銆?span style="COLOR: red">鍘熷鏂囦歡浼氳鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡.bz2絳夊彇浠c?br> /bin/gzip鍜?bin/zcat鎸囦護錛?br>gzip [-d#] filename -d 瑙e帇緙╁弬鏁?br>-# 鍘嬬緝絳夌駭錛?鏈涓嶅ソ錛?鏈濂斤紝榛樿涓?zcat filename.gz 娉ㄦ剰錛歾cat涓嶄粎鍙互璇誨彇.gz鍚庣紑鐨勫帇緙╂枃浠訛紝涔熷彲浠ュ悓鏃惰鍙朿ompress鐨勫帇緙╂枃浠訛紙.Z錛夈?span style="COLOR: red">鍘熷鏂囦歡浼氳鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡.bz2絳夊彇浠c?/span> /bin/tar鎸囦護錛?br>tar [-zxcvfpP] tarfile file -z 鍚屾椂鍏鋒湁gzip -j 鍚屾椂鍏鋒湁bzip-x 瑙e紑涓涓帇緙╂枃浠?br> -t 鏌ョ湅tarfile鐨勬枃浠?br> -c 寤虹珛涓涓帇緙╂枃浠?br>-v 鍘嬬緝榪囩▼涓樉紺烘枃浠?br>-p 浣跨敤鍘熸枃浠剁殑灞炴?br>-P 鍙互浣跨敤緇濆璺緞 -f file 浣跨敤file鏂囦歡鍚嶄綔涓虹洰鏍?br>-N 'yyyy/mm/dd' 姣斿悗闈㈡帴鐨勬棩鏈熻繕瑕佹柊鐨勬枃浠舵墠浼氳鎵撳寘榪涙柊寤虹殑鏂囦歡涓?br>--exclude FILE 鍦ㄥ帇緙╄繃紼嬩腑錛屼笉瑕佸皢FILE鎵撳寘 渚嬪瓙錛?br>tar -cvf file.tar file //鍙互鎵撳寘鐩綍錛屽茍涓斿師鏂囦歡/鐩綍渚濈劧瀛樺湪 tar -zcvf file.tar.gz file tar -xvf file.tar //涓嶄嬌鐢?zxvf錛屽洜涓烘槸.tar鏂囦歡鑰屼笉鏄?tar.gz鏂囦歡錛屼笖鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡渚濈劧瀛樺湪tar -zxvf file.tar.gz tar -ztvf file.tar.gz //鏌ョ湅tar.gz閲岄潰鐨勬枃浠朵俊鎭紝鑰屼笉闇瑕佽В鍘嬬緝 tar -tvf file.tar tar -N '2002/06/25' -zcvf home.tar.gz /home //灝?home鐩綍涓紝姣旀棩鏈熻繕瑕佹柊鐨勬枃浠舵墦鍖呰繘鍏ome.tar.gz涓?br>tar -zcvf host.tar.gz /home --exclude /amazon --exclude /host //闄mazon鍜宧ost澶栵紝home鐩綍鎵撳寘 tar -cvf - /home | tar -xvf - //鐩存帴鎵撳寘鍚庤В鍘嬬緝錛屾病鏈変腑闂存枃浠?br> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮?bin/grep錛?br>grep "word" filename 灝嗘煇filename鏂囦歡涓惈鏈墂ord鐨勯偅涓琛屾樉紺哄嚭鏉ャ?br>渚嬪瓙錛?br>grep root /var/log/secure grep "*[a-d]*" /var/log/secure grep boot /etc/* //杈撳嚭鐨勬槸/etc涓嬫枃浠跺唴瀹瑰惈鏈塨oot鐨勬墍鏈夎 grep \* /etc/* grep "a\{5\}" file //蹇呴』瑕佹湁鍙屽紩鍙?br>絎﹀彿錛?br>^ 鍙ラ瀛楃鐩哥 $ 鍙ュ熬瀛楃鐩哥 ? 浠諱綍涓涓崟涓瀛楃 * 浠繪剰鍑犱釜瀛楃錛屽寘鎷?涓?br>\ 杞箟瀛楃錛屼嬌^銆?銆?絳夊彉涓烘櫘閫氬瓧絎?br>[list] 鍒楄〃涓殑瀛楃錛屼緥濡俒123456789] [range] 鍒楄〃鑼冨洿鍐呯殑瀛楃錛屼緥濡俒1-9] \{n\} 涓庡墠涓涓浉鍚屽瓧絎﹁繛緇璶涓?br>\{n,m\} 涓庡墠涓涓浉鍚屽瓧絎﹁繛緇璶鍒癿涓?br> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 濡備綍澧炲姞鐢ㄦ埛錛?br>1.濡傛灉鐢ㄦ埛鎵灞炵兢緇勪笉瀛樺湪錛屽厛鏂板緹ょ粍銆傦紙澧炲姞鐢ㄦ埛鍓嶏紝璇ョ兢緇勫繀欏誨瓨鍦級 2.鏂板鐢ㄦ埛甯愬彿銆?br>濡備綍鍒犻櫎緹ょ粍錛?br>3.濡傛灉鏌愮兢緇勪腑鏈夌敤鎴鳳紝鍏堝垹闄ょ敤鎴楓傦紙鍒犻櫎緹ょ粍鍓嶏紝璇ョ兢緇勫繀欏諱負絀猴級 4.鍒犻櫎緹ょ粍銆?br>groupadd [-g GID] groupname -g GID 鑷璁懼畾GID鐨勫ぇ灝忥紝鍚﹀垯榛樿鎻愪緵groupdel groupname 娉ㄦ剰錛氬湪鍒犻櫎緹ょ粍涔嬪墠錛屽繀欏誨皢璇ョ兢緇勪笅鐨勭敤鎴峰垹闄ゃ?br>useradd [-u UID] [-g GID] [-d HOME] [-mM] [-s shell] username -u 鐩存帴緇欏嚭涓涓猆ID -g 鐩存帴緇欏嚭涓涓狦ID錛堟GID蹇呴』宸插瓨鍦級 -d 鐩存帴灝嗗叾鏍圭洰褰曟寚鍚戝凡緇忓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鐩綍錛堢郴緇熶笉浼氬啀榛樿寤虹珛錛?br>-M 涓嶅緩绔嬫牴鐩綍 -s 瀹氫箟鍏朵嬌鐢ㄧ殑shelluserdel [-r] username -r 灝嗚甯愬彿鐨刐home directory]鍜孾/var/spool/mail/username]涓騫跺垹闄わ紝榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬫槸淇濈暀鐨?br> 瀵嗙爜綆$悊涓庤瀹氾細 root鍙互璁懼畾浠諱綍鏍峰紡鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝鑰屼笖鍙互甯姪user璁懼畾浠栦滑鐨勫瘑鐮侊紝鑰寀ser浠呰兘淇敼鑷繁鐨勫瘑鐮併?br>passwd [username] 鐢ㄦ埛韜喚鍒囨崲錛?br>su 浣跨敤su鍙互榪涜韜喚鍒囨崲錛屼絾鏄渶瑕佹敞鎰忥細 1.鐜渚濈劧灞炰簬褰撳垵鐧誨叆鐨勯偅涓敤鎴?/span>錛屼緥濡備互test鐨勮韓浠界櫥鍏inux錛屽啀鍒囨崲鍒皉oot錛屼絾鏄釜浜虹殑mail銆丳ATH絳夌幆澧冨彉閲忛兘榪樻槸test鐨勩?br>2.瀵逛簬鐜鍙橀噺錛屾渶楹葷儲鐨勫綋灞濸ATH錛屼負浜嗛伩鍏嶄竴鑸敤鎴蜂嬌鐢╮oot鐨勭鐞嗘寚浠わ紝閫氬父linux浼氬皢鎸囦護鍒嗙被鏀懼湪涓や釜鐩綍涓嬶紝鍒嗗埆鏄?bin鍜?sbin錛屽叾涓?sbin瀛樻斁鐨勫ぇ澶氭槸root鐢ㄦ潵綆$悊緋葷粺鐨勬寚浠ゃ傛墍浠ワ紝褰撲粠涓鑸敤鎴峰垏鎹㈠埌root鍚庯紝鏌愪簺鎸囦護涓嶅彲鐢紝灝辨槸鍥犱負PATH涓病鏈?sbin榪欎釜璺緞銆?nbsp; 鍏蜂綋瑙e喅鏂規硶濡備笅錛?br>1.浣跨敤鍛戒護鐨勫畬鏁磋礬寰勩?br>2.灝?sbin鍜?usr/sbin璺緞娣誨姞鍒版櫘閫氱敤鎴風殑PATH璺緞涓?br>3.浣跨敤su - 鍛戒護鍒囨崲錛?鏄寚鍚屾椂鍒囨崲鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲?/span>銆?br>sudo [-u username/#uid] [command] -u 灝嗗垎韜彉鎴恥sername鐨勮韓浠?br>浣跨敤sudo鍙互涓嶉渶瑕乺oot鐨勫瘑鐮佷篃鑳芥墽琛宺oot韜喚鐨勫伐浣溿傚叿浣撴儏鍐電暐銆?br> 鐢ㄦ埛鏌ヨ錛?br>id [username] 鐩存帴杈撳叆id鏌ヨ褰撳墠甯愬彿鐨刄ID銆丟ID涓庢墍灞炵兢緇勶紝杈撳叆id username鐢熸垚username鐨勭浉鍏充俊鎭備笉闇瑕佸療鐪?etc/passwd鍜?etc/group銆?br>finger [-s] [username] -s 瀹屾暣鍒楀嚭 浣跨敤finger鍙互鐭ラ亾鏌愮敤鎴風殑鐩稿叧淇℃伅錛屽熀鏈兘鍦?etc/passwd涓婏紝榪樺寘鎷?var/spool/mail榪欎釜閭歡瀛樻斁鍦扮偣錛屾墍浠ヨ繕浼氭樉紺烘槸鍚︽湁閭歡淇℃伅銆?br>groups 鐩存帴杈撳叆groups灝卞彲浠ユ樉紺哄綋鍓嶇敤鎴鋒墍灞炵殑緹ょ粍銆?br> 鎵嬪姩娣誨姞鐢ㄦ埛錛?br>澶ц嚧姝ラ濡備笅錛?br>1.鍏堝緩绔嬮渶瑕佺殑緹ょ粍錛坴i /etc/group錛?br>2.寤虹珛甯愬彿鐨勫悇涓睘鎬э紙vi /etc/passwd錛?br>3.灝唒asswd涓巗hadow鍚屾錛坧wconv錛?br>4.寤虹珛璇ュ笎鍙風殑瀵嗙爜錛坧asswd acount錛?br>5.寤虹珛鐢ㄦ埛鏍圭洰褰曪紙cp -r /etc/skel /home/account錛?br>6.鏇存敼鏍圭洰褰曞睘鎬э紙chown -R account.group /home/account錛?br>鍒犻櫎甯愬彿姝ラ錛?br>1.鍒犻櫎/etc/passwd涓?etc/shadow涓殑鐩稿叧淇℃伅 2.杞埌/home涓嬪垹闄よ甯愬彿鐨勬牴鐩綍 3.杞埌/var/spool/mail涓嬪垹闄よ甯愬彿鐨勯偖浠?br>
]]> GNU automake姝ラ鍙婂垎鏋?/title> http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103811.html榪滈 榪滈 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 08:23:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103811.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/103811.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103811.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/103811.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/103811.html 鍓嶈█錛氳鏂囦粠銆奓inux搴旂敤寮鍙戝熀紜銆嬩竴涔︿腑鎽樿鎵寰椼?br> 棣栧厛紜緋葷粺宸茬粡瀹夎浠ヤ笅杞歡錛?br>GNU automake GNU autoconf GNU m4 perl GUN Lib宸ュ叿 絎竴姝ワ紝鐢ㄧ紪杈戝櫒vi鐢熸垚hello.c鏂囦歡錛岀劧鍚庣敤autoscan鍛戒護浜х敓涓涓猚onfigure.in鐨勯洀褰onfigure.scan錛屽涓嬬紪杈慶onfigure.scan鏂囦歡騫跺皢鏂囦歡鍚嶆敼涓篶onfigure.in銆?br>autoscan vi configure.scan ---------------------------------------------- AC_INIT(hello.c) AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello, 1.0) #.......................... AC_PROG_CC #........................... AC_OUTPUT(makefile) ----------------------------------------------- mv configure.scan configure.in 絎簩姝ワ紝鎵цaclocal鍜宎utoconf錛屽垎鍒駭鐢焌clocal.m4鍜宑onfigure涓や釜鏂囦歡銆俢onfigure鏂囦歡鍐呬俊鎭敱configure.in鍜宎clocal浜х敓鐨勫法闆嗙敓鎴愩?br>aclocal autoconf 絎笁姝ワ紝緙栬緫makefile.am鏂囨。錛屽唴瀹瑰涓嬶細 vi makefile.am ----------------------- AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign bin_PROGRAMS=hello hello_SOURCES=hello.c ---------------------- 鐒跺悗鎵цautomake –add-missing錛宎utomake浼氭牴鎹甿akefile.am鏂囦歡浜х敓涓浜涙枃浠訛紝鍖呭惈鏈閲嶈鐨刴akefile.in銆?br>automake –add-missing 絎洓姝ワ紝鎵ц./configure錛岀敓鎴恗akefile鏂囨。銆傚ぇ鍔熷憡鎴愶紝鎺ヤ笅鏉ユ墽琛宮ake鎸囦護灝卞彲浠ョ紪璇慼ello.c鐢熸垚鍙墽琛屾枃浠躲?br>./configure make ./hello 娉ㄦ剰錛氶櫎浜唌ake鎸囦護涔嬪錛岃繕鏈塵ake clean / make install / make dist絳夋寚浠ゃ?br> 姝ラ璇︾粏瑙i噴錛?br>autoconf錛?/strong> autoconf鏄敤鏉ヤ駭鐢焎onfigure妗g殑宸ュ叿錛宑onfigure鏄竴涓猻hell script錛屽畠鍙互鑷姩鏍稿畾鍘熷紼嬪簭浠ョ鍚堝悇縐嶄笉鍚屽鉤鍙頒笂Unix緋葷粺鐨勭壒鎬э紝騫朵笖鏍規嵁緋葷粺鍙傛暟鍙婄幆澧冧駭鐢熷悎閫傜殑makefile妗f垨鑰卙eader file妗o紝璁╁師濮嬬▼搴忓彲浠ュ緢鏂逛究鍦板湪榪欎簺騫沖彴涓婅緙栬瘧銆俛utoconf璇誨彇configure.in妗g劧鍚庝駭鐢焎onfigure榪欎釜shell script銆?br>configure.in妗g殑鍐呭鏄竴榪炰覆GNU m4鐨勫法闆嗭紝榪欎簺宸ㄩ泦緇忚繃autoconf澶勭悊鍚庝細鍙樻垚媯鏌ョ郴緇熺壒寰佺殑shell script configure.in鍐呭法闆嗙殑欏哄簭瑕佹眰錛氭瘡涓涓猚onfigure.in妗e繀欏誨湪鎵鏈夊法闆嗗墠鍔犲叆AC_INIT宸ㄩ泦錛岀劧鍚庡湪鎵鏈夊法闆嗗悗闈㈠姞涓夾C_OUTPUT宸ㄩ泦銆?br>鍏堢敤autoscan鎵弿鍘熷妗d互浜х敓涓涓猚onfigure.scan妗o紝鍦ㄥ璇ユ。鍋氫簺淇敼錛屼駭鐢焎onfigure.in妗o紝鍦ㄨ寖渚嬩腑鐢ㄥ埌鐨勫法闆嗗涓嬶細 AC_INIT(file)錛氱敤鏉ユ鏌ュ師濮嬫枃浠舵墍鍦ㄧ殑璺緞銆?br>AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(PACKAGE, VERSION)錛氫嬌鐢╝utomake蹇呭鐨勫法闆嗭紝PACKAGE鏄浜х敓杞歡濂椾歡鐨勫悕縐幫紝VERSION鏄増鏈紪鍙楓?br>AC_PROG_CC錛氭鏌ョ郴緇熷彲鐢ㄧ殑C緙栬瘧鍣紝濡傛灉鍘熷紼嬪簭鏄敤C鍐欑殑灝遍渶瑕佺敤榪欎釜宸ㄩ泦銆?br>AC_OUTPUT(file)錛氳瀹歝onfigure鎵瑕佷駭鐢熺殑鏂囨。鍚嶏紝濡傛灉鏄痬akefile鐨勮瘽錛宑onfigure渚夸細鎶婂畠媯鏌ュ嚭鏉ョ殑緇撴灉甯﹀叆makefile.in涓劧鍚庝駭鐢熷悎閫傜殑makefile銆?br>鍦ㄤ嬌鐢╝utomake鏃訛紝榪橀渶瑕佷竴浜涘叾浠栫殑宸ㄩ泦錛岃繖涓澶栧法闆嗘垜浠敤aclocal鏉ヤ駭鐢熴傛墽琛宎clocal浼氫駭鐢焌clocal.m4妗o紝涓鑸潵璇翠笉鐢ㄤ慨鏀廣傛湁浜哻onfigure.in鍜宎clocal.m4妗o紝灝卞彲浠ユ墽琛宎utoconf鏉ヤ駭鐢焎onfigure妗d簡銆?br>automake錛?/strong> automake浼氭牴鎹甤onfigure.in涓殑宸ㄩ泦鎶妋akefile.am杞垚makefile.in妗c傚湪makefile.am妗d腑闇瑕佸畾涔夎浜х敓鐨勭洰鏍囷紝鍏蜂綋鍖呮嫭錛?br>AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS錛氳瀹歛utomake鐨勯夐」銆俛utomake涓昏鏄府鍔╁紑鍙慓NU杞歡鐨勪漢鍛樼淮鎶よ蔣浠跺浠訛紝涓鑸湪鎵цautomake鏃朵細媯鏌ョ洰褰曚笅鏄惁瀛樺湪鏍囧噯GNU濂椾歡涓簲鍏峰鐨勬枃浠舵。妗堬紝渚嬪NEWS銆丄UTHOR銆丆hangeLog絳夛紝璁炬垚foreign鏃訛紝automake浼氭敼鐢ㄤ竴鑸蔣浠跺浠舵爣鍑嗘潵媯鏌ワ紝鑰実nu鏄己鐪佽緗紝璇ョ駭鍒笅灝嗗敖鍙兘鍦版鏌ュ寘鏄惁鏈嶄粠GNU鏍囧噯錛実nits鏄弗鏍兼爣鍑嗭紝涓嶆帹鑽愩?br>bin_PROGRAMS錛氬畾涔夎浜х敓鐨勬墽琛屾。鍚嶇О錛屼駭鐢熷涓墽琛屾。鐨勮瘽錛岄渶瑕佺敤絀烘牸絎﹂殧寮銆?br>hello_SOURCES錛氬畾涔塰ello榪欎釜鎵ц妗g殑鍘熷妗o紝濡傛灉璇ョ▼搴忕敱澶氫釜鍘熷妗d駭鐢燂紝蹇呴』鎶婃墍鐢ㄥ埌鐨勫師濮嬫。閮藉垪鍑烘潵錛岀┖鏍肩闅斿紑錛屼緥濡俬ello_SOURCES=hello.c main.c hello.h銆傚鏋滃畾涔変簡澶氫釜鎵ц妗o紝鍒欏姣忎釜鎵ц妗i兘瑕佸畾涔夌浉瀵圭殑filename_SOURCES銆?br>automake --add-missing鎸囦護鍙互鐢╩akefile.am鏉ヤ駭鐢焟akefile.in錛屽姞涓?-add-missing鏄automake欏轟究灝嗚蔣浠跺浠跺繀澶囩殑妗f鍔犲叆鍖呰銆?br>涔嬪悗鍐嶆墽琛?/configure錛屾牴鎹甿akefile.in妗d駭鐢焟akefile鏂囨。錛屾湁鍑犱釜棰勮鐨勭洰鏍囧彲渚涗嬌鐢細 make all錛氫駭鐢熻瀹氱殑鐩爣錛屽嵆鍙墽琛屾枃浠躲傚拰鍙墦make鐨勭粨鏋滅浉鍚岋紝姝ゆ椂寮濮嬬紪璇戝師濮嬬爜錛岀劧鍚庤繛鎺ワ紝騫朵駭鐢熸渶緇堟墽琛屾枃妗c?br>make clean錛氭竻闄や箣鍓嶆墍緙栬瘧鐨勬墽琛屾枃浠跺拰鐩爣浠g爜鏂囦歡銆?br>make distclean錛氶櫎浜嗘竻妤氭墽琛屾枃浠跺拰鐩爣浠g爜鏂囦歡澶栵紝涔熸妸configure浜х敓鐨刴akefile娓呴櫎鎺夈?br>make install錛氬皢紼嬪簭瀹夎鑷崇郴緇熶腑錛堢郴緇熼璁劇殑鎵ц鏂囦歡瀛樻斁璺緞錛夈備嬌鐢╞in_PROGRAMS宸ㄩ泦鐨勮瘽錛岀▼搴忎細琚畨瑁呭埌user/local/bin榪欎釜鐩綍銆?br>make dist錛氬皢紼嬪簭鍜岀浉鍏蟲。妗堝畾鍒舵垚鍘嬬緝鍖呯殑褰㈠紡錛屽悕縐頒負PACKAGE-VERSION.tar.gz錛屽叾涓璓ACKAGE鍜孷ERSION浠onfigure.in涓殑AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(PACKAGE, VERSION)涓哄噯銆?br>make distcheck錛氬帇緙╁茍涓旀鏌ュ帇緙╁寘鏄惁姝e父錛屾湁鐩稿簲鏄劇ず銆?br>
]]> gdb璋冭瘯鐩稿叧鎸囦護 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103809.html榪滈 榪滈 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 08:10:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103809.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/103809.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/12/23/103809.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/103809.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/103809.html gcc –o hello –g hello.c 鍏朵腑-g鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鐢熸垚甯︽簮浠g爜璋冭瘯絎﹀彿鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡hello錛屼笉浣跨敤-g榪涜緙栬瘧鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡涔熷彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╣db璋冭瘯錛屼絾鏄己灝戦儴鍒嗚皟璇曚俊鎭紙濡傝鍙楓佸嚱鏁板悕絳夛級銆傝皟璇曚俊鎭寘鎷敤鎴風▼搴忛噷鐨勬瘡涓彉閲忕殑綾誨瀷鍜屽湪鍙墽琛屾枃浠墮噷鐨勫湴鍧鏄犲皠浠ュ強婧愪唬鐮佺殑琛屽彿銆?br> 絎簩錛屼嬌鐢╣db hello榪涘叆gdb錛岃繘琛岃皟璇曢樁孌點傚惎鍔╣db鏈変互涓嬪嚑縐嶆柟寮忥細
gdb filename //鎸囧畾瑕佽皟璇曠殑紼嬪簭 gdb filename core //鎸囧畾瑕佽皟璇曠殑紼嬪簭鍙婂叾coredump鏂囦歡 gdb filename pid //鎸囧畾瑕佽皟璇曠殑紼嬪簭鍙婂搴旇繘紼媔d鍙?br> 鍙互浣跨敤鍛戒護琛屽弬鏁版洿鍔犺緇嗗湴鎺у埗gdb鐨勮涓猴細 -silent //涓嶆樉紺鴻繘鍏db寮澶寸殑鎻愮ず淇℃伅 -help(h) //鍛戒護琛岃緟鍔╀俊鎭?br> -se file //浠巉ile涓鍙栫鍙鳳紝騫朵綔涓哄彲鎵ц鏂囦歡 -core(c) file //鎸囧畾core dump鏂囦歡file -c id //榪炴帴鍒拌繘紼嬪彿涓篿d錛屼笌attach鍛戒護鐩鎬技 -x file //file涓瓨鏀句竴緋誨垪鐨刧db鍛戒護錛屾墽琛宖ile涓殑gdb鍛戒護 -symbols(s) //浠巉ile涓鍙栫鍙鳳紝浣嗕笉浣滀負鍙墽琛屾枃浠?br> -directory(d) path //鎸囧畾璺緞path錛屽皢path鍔犲叆鍒版悳绱㈡簮鏂囦歡鐨勮礬寰勪腑
娉ㄦ剰錛歡db寮濮嬭繍琛屾椂錛屽畠鎶婁換浣曚竴涓笉甯﹂夐」鍓嶇紑鐨勫弬鏁伴兘褰撲綔涓涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡鎴朿ore鏂囦歡鎴栬繘紼嬪彿錛屽叿浣撲負錛氭妸絎竴涓墠闈㈡病鏈夐夐」璇存槑鐨勫弬鏁扮湅浣滃姞浜?se閫夐」錛岃岀浜屼釜鐪嬩綔鏄窡鐫-c閫夐」鍚庨潰銆傚湪gdb涓彲浠ユ妸閫夐」鍚嶆帎澶村幓灝撅紝鍙淇濊瘉gdb鑳藉敮涓鍒ゆ柇鏄摢涓夐」灝辮銆?br> 絎笁錛岄愭璋冭瘯錛岄儴鍒嗗懡浠ゅ涓嬶細
break(b) [ file: ] func / line / addr / +num / -num //鏌愬嚱鏁般佹煇琛屾垨鑰呮煇鍐呭瓨鍦板潃澶勮鏂偣錛屽彲鍚屾椂璁劇疆澶氫釜鏂偣 break args if COND //COND闈為浂鏃跺湪args澶勪腑鏂?br> tbreak agrs //鏂偣鍙湁鏁堜竴嬈?br> clear [ file: ] func / line / addr / +num / -num //娓呮鏌愮鏂偣錛屽彲鍚屾椂娓呴櫎澶氫釜 delete(d) breaknum //浣跨敤鏂偣鍙鋒潵娓呴櫎鏂偣鎴栬瀵熺偣錛屾病鏈夊弬鏁板垯娓呴櫎鎵鏈夋柇鐐?br> disable(dis) breaknum //紱佹…… enable [ once ] breaknum //鍚敤鎴栬呬粎鍚敤涓嬈?#8230;… -------------------------------- watch expr //expr鍊兼敼鍙樻椂鍋滄紼嬪簭錛岀敤浜庢崟鑾烽敊璇緢鏈夋晥 run(r) arg //浠庡ご寮濮嬭繍琛岀▼搴忥紝騫朵互arg浣滀負鍙傛暟錛堝彲澶氫釜錛?br> continue(c) //緇х畫琚腑鏂殑紼嬪簭錛屼笉鑳界敤浣滅▼搴忕殑榪愯鍚姩 step(s) //鍗曟榪涘叆錛岃窡韙埌鍑芥暟鍐?br> next(n) //鍗曟錛屼笉榪涘叆鍑芥暟鍐?br> list(l) //鏄劇ず婧愪唬鐮侊紙姝e湪鎵ц鍖哄煙闄勪歡10琛岋級 backtrace(bt) / where(w) //鏄劇ず鍑芥暟鏍堢殑鍐呭 print(p) expr //鏌ョ湅鍙橀噺鎴栬呰〃杈懼紡鐨勫?br> display expr //姣忔涓柇鏃訛紝鏄劇ずexpr鐨勫?br> undisplay [ expr ] //鍙栨秷display錛屾病鏈夊弬鏁扮殑璇濆垯鍙栨秷鍏ㄩ儴 whatis expr //鏄劇ずexpr鐨勮祫鏂欏艦鎬侊紝渚嬪鍙橀噺綾誨瀷絳?br> ------------------------------ set width 70 //璁劇疆灞忓箷鍒楁暟 quit(q) //緇堟閫鍑?br> kill(k) //緇堟姝e湪璋冭瘯鐨勭▼搴忥紝浣嗕笉閫鍑鴻皟璇曪紝鍙噸鏉?br> file //瑁呭叆鎯寵璋冭瘯鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡 shell command //鍦╣db涓洿鎺ヨ繍琛宻hell鍛戒護涓斾笉闇瑕侀鍑篻db help command //command鍛戒護璇存槑 complete arg //鍒楀嚭鎵鏈塧rg寮澶寸殑鍛戒護 Esc + Shift + ? //鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夊懡浠ょ殑鍒楄〃 ------------------------------ attach pidat pid //鎺ヤ笂涓涓墽琛岀殑榪涚▼pid錛岃繖浼氫嬌pid鏆傚仠錛屼腑鏂換浣晄leep浠ュ強鍙腑鏂殑緋葷粺璋冪敤 detach pid //瑙i櫎鐩墠鎺ヤ笂鐨勮繘紼媝id jump address //璺沖埌鎸囧畾鐨勫唴瀛樹綅緗紝騫跺紑濮嬫墽琛?br> make filename //涓嶉鍑篻db灝辮兘閲嶆柊浜х敓鍙墽琛屾枃浠?/span>
娉ㄦ剰錛?br>錛?錛夋湁鐨勫懡浠ゅ悗闈㈠彲浠ヨ窡鍙傛暟錛屼緥濡俿tep鎺ュ彈涓涓弬鏁拌〃紺哄崟姝ユ墽琛屽灝戞錛涙湁鐨勫懡浠や笉鎺ュ彈浠諱綍鍙傛暟銆?br>錛?錛夌┖琛岃〃紺洪噸澶嶄笂涓涓懡浠わ紱鏈夌殑鍛戒護涓嶅彲閲嶅錛屼緥濡俽un錛涜繕鏈変竴浜涢噸澶嶅悗浼氫駭鐢熶弗閲嶅悗鏋滐紝寤鴻涓嶄嬌鐢ㄧ┖琛岄噸澶嶃?br>錛?錛夊彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╣db鐨刬nfo(i)鍜宻how鍛戒護鏉ユ煡璇㈢▼搴忕姸鎬侊紝姣忎釜鍛戒護鍙互鏌ヨ涓緋誨垪鐨勭姸鎬侊紝鍏蜂綋濡備笅錛?br>info錛?br>info breakpoints //鏌ョ湅鏂偣鎯呭喌 info args //鏌ョ湅紼嬪簭鍙傛暟 info display //鏌ョ湅鎵鏈塪isplay info stack //鏌ョ湅鍑芥暟鏍堝唴瀹癸紝涓巄acktrace鐩稿悓 info watchpoints //鏌ョ湅瑙傚療鐐?br>show錛?br>show version //鏄劇ずgdb鐗堟湰鍙?br>show copying //鏄劇ず鐗堟潈淇℃伅 set錛?br>set鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵涓虹▼搴忚緗繍琛岀幆澧冿紝姣斿鍙互鐢╯et prompt $ 鏉ユ妸gdb鎻愮ず絎﹁緗負$銆備嬌鐢╯et鍛戒護鍙互鏀瑰彉緇濆ぇ澶氭暟show鏄劇ず鐨勪俊鎭?br> 絎洓錛岃皟璇曞畬鎴愬悗錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╯trip鍛戒護鍒犻櫎閭d簺甯︽湁-g閫夐」鐨凜緙栬瘧紼嬪簭鎵鐢熸垚鐨勪俊鎭紝閲婃斁涓浜涚鐩樼┖闂淬?br>strip鍛戒護鍑忓皯XCOFF瀵硅薄鏂囦歡鐨勫ぇ灝忥紝strip鍛戒護浠嶺COFF瀵硅薄鏂囦歡涓湁閫夋嫨鍦伴櫎鍘昏鍙蜂俊鎭侀噸瀹氫綅淇℃伅銆佽皟璇曟銆佹敞閲婃銆佹枃浠跺ご浠ュ強鎵鏈夋垨閮ㄥ垎絎﹀彿琛ㄣ備竴鏃︿嬌鐢ㄨ鍛戒護錛屽垯寰堥毦璋冭瘯鏂囦歡鐨勭鍙鳳紝鍥犳閫氬父鍙湪宸茬粡璋冭瘯鍜屾祴璇曡繃鐨勭敓鎴愭ā鍧椾笂浣跨敤strip鍛戒護銆?br>/usr/binstrip [閫夐」] file strip鐨勫叿浣撻夐」淇℃伅鍦ㄨ繖閲屼笉浣滄葷粨銆?br>
]]>Install Adobe FlashPlayer for LInux http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89188.html榪滈 榪滈 Fri, 03 Jul 2009 13:29:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89188.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/89188.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89188.html#Feedback 2 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/89188.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/89188.html 1.鍦ㄧ綉涓婁笅杞戒釜install_flash_player_10_linux.tar.gz 2.瑙e帇緙╁悗寰楀埌libflashplayer.so 3.灝嗚鏂囦歡鏀懼叆/usr/lib/firefox/plugins涓紝鎵撳紑Firefox鍗沖彲浣跨敤銆?br>
]]>ubuntu鏅鴻兘鎷奸煶瀹夎鏂規硶銆愯漿杞姐?/title> http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89154.html榪滈 榪滈 Fri, 03 Jul 2009 05:29:00 GMT http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89154.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/89154.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/archive/2009/07/03/89154.html#Feedback 0 http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/comments/commentRss/89154.html http://m.shnenglu.com/amazon/services/trackbacks/89154.html http://canofy.javaeye.com/blog/274426 涓嬮潰鏄楠わ細 1).緇堢杈撳叆錛歴udo apt-get remove scim 榪欎竴姝ユ槸鍒犻櫎瀹夎緋葷粺鐨勬椂鍊欒鐨勯偅涓猻cim錛屽疄闄呮槸涓亣鐨勶紝鎴戣繖閲屼笉鍙互鐢? 2錛塻udo apt-get install scim 榪欎竴姝ヤ笅杞藉畨瑁卻cim杈撳叆娉曘備笅杞藉畬浜嗙郴緇熶細鑷繁瑁呬笂錛屼腑闂翠細鏈夋彁紺猴紝鐩存帴y灝辮浜? 3錛塻udo apt-get install scim-chinese 榪欎竴姝ユ槸涓嬭澆瀹夎涓枃杈撳叆娉曪紝鍓嶉潰閭d竴姝ュ彧鏄笅杞戒竴涓彲浠ヨ繍琛岃緭鍏ユ硶鐨勫鉤鍙幫紝鐜板湪鏄湪榪欎釜鍏蜂綋騫沖彴涓婂畨瑁呬腑鏂囪緭鍏? 4) sudo gedit /etc/X11/Xsession.d /95xinput 榪欎釜姝ラ鏄柊寤轟竴涓?5xinput鐨勬枃浠訛紝璇ユ枃浠剁殑鍏蜂綋鍐呭濡備笅錛? Java浠g爜 澶嶅埗浠g爜錛?br> /usr/bin/scim -d XMODIFIERS="@im=SCIM" export XMODIFIERS export GTK_IM_MODULE=scim 鍏蜂綋涓轟粈涔堬紝鎴戜篃涓嶇煡閬擄紝鍙嶆鍙互鐢ㄣ? 鐒跺悗錛岀‘瀹氭棤璇悗錛屼繚瀛橈紝閫鍑篻edit 5錛塭xit 閫鍑虹粓绔? 6錛塋ogout錛岄噸鏂扮櫥褰曪紝鐒跺悗鐢–trl+Space灝卞彲浠ユ縺媧諱腑鏂囪緭鍏ユ硶鍟︼綖
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