棣栧厛闇瑕佸叏灞澹版槑錛?/p>
typedef HWND (WINAPI *PROCGETCONSOLEWINDOW)();
PROCGETCONSOLEWINDOW GetConsoleWindow;
鐒跺悗鍐峂ain()鍑芥暟寮澶翠腑杈撳叆浠ヤ笅鍐呭錛?/p>
HMODULE hKernel32 = GetModuleHandle("kernel32");
GetConsoleWindow = (PROCGETCONSOLEWINDOW)GetProcAddress(hKernel32,"GetConsoleWindow");
瀹屾垚浜?jiǎn)鍔ㄦ佽澆鍏PI鍑芥暟GetConsoleWindow鐨勪換鍔°傞渶瑕佷嬌鐢ㄦ椂鍙涓嬶細(xì)
HWND cmd = GetConsoleWindow();
]]>
浣嗘槸fputs鍐欐枃浠舵椂涓嬈″啓鍏ヤ竴琛岋紝浣嗘槸涓嶄細(xì)鑷姩娣誨姞 鎹㈣絎︺?/span>
鐒惰岋紝puts浼?span style="color: red">鑷姩娣誨姞鎹㈣絎︺?
璇鋒敞鎰弍uts鍜宖puts鐨勮繖縐嶄笉涓鑷存э紒
]]>
杞嚜http://www.cnblogs.com/project/archive/2009/10/22/1588015.html
銆?銆戝畾涔夊ご鏂囦歡
蹇呴』瀹氫箟浠ヤ笅澶存枃浠訛細(xì)
#include <windows.h>
銆?銆戝畾涔夎礬寰?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" />C++涓墍琛ㄧず鐨勮礬寰勮鐢?" \\ "鑰屼笉鏄鉤甯告墍鐢ㄧ殑" \ "錛屾墍浠ヤ互涓婁笁涓嚱鏁拌〃紺鴻礬寰勯兘涓?disk:\\Directory\\...\\File name
WinExec("D:\\Program Files\\Test\\Test.exe",SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED);
ShellExecute(NULL,"open","C:\\Test.txt",NULL,NULL,SW_SHOWNORMAL);
涓銆乻ystem
int system( const char *command );
浣犲彲浠ヤ紶鍏ヤ竴鍛戒護(hù)錛屽惎鍔ㄦ煇涓▼搴忋傚"ping www.vccode.com", "YourExe"絳夌瓑銆備笉榪囪繖閲屾湁鍑犵偣瑕佸煎緱娉ㄦ剰錛?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (1)銆佷粬涓嶄細(xì)绔嬪嵆榪斿洖錛岀洿鍒頒綘鍚姩鐨勭▼搴忔墽琛屽畬鎴愩?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (2)銆佸鏋滀綘鍚姩鏄痺indows紼嬪簭錛屽畠浠嶇劧浼?xì)鍚姩涓涓帶鍒跺彴錛岃繖灝辯粰浜烘劅瑙夊お宸姴浜?jiǎn)锛屼絾濡傛灉鏈w槸鎺у埗鍙扮殑錛岃屼笖鍙堥渶瑕佺瓑寰呭畠鐨勫畬鎴愶紝閭ｈ繖灝嗘槸姣旇緝濂界殑閫夋嫨銆?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (3)銆佸畠鐨勮繑鍥炲間唬琛ㄦ槸鍚︽墽琛屾垚鍔熶互鍙?qiáng)绋嬪簭鐨勯鍑虹爜銆?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (4)銆佷笉鑳借繍琛?.txt鏂囦歡鎴?www.baidu.com"
浜屻乄inExec
UINT WinExec(
LPCSTR lpCmdLine, //鍛戒護(hù)琛?/span>
UINT uCmdShow //紿楀彛鏍峰紡
);
榪欎釜API涓嶢PI:system鍚屾牱鐨勪嬌鐢ㄧ畝鍗曪紝鍚岀敤鏄嬌鐢ㄥ懡浠よ鍨嬪紡銆?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> 涓嶈繃瀹冧笌API:system鐩告瘮錛屾湁鍑犱釜浼樼偣錛?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (1)銆佸畠?yōu)畣鍚姩浜?jiǎn)涓涓柊榪涚▼錛屽茍涓旂珛鍗寵繑鍥烇紝鍥犳浣犵殑紼嬪簭鏃犻渶絳夊緟銆?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (2)銆佸畠鐨勫浜?jiǎn)涓涓弬鏁幫細(xì)uCmdShow錛岄氳繃瀹冧綘鍙互涓瀹氱▼搴︿笂鎺т歡紿椾綋鐨勬樉紺猴紝姣斿璁╁畠鍚庡彴榪愯鑰屼笉鏄劇ず鍑烘潵銆?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (3)銆佸畠鏃犺鍚姩鎺у埗鍙扮▼搴忚繕鏄痺indows紼嬪簭閮藉彧鍋氫綘鎯寵鍋氱殑浜嬨?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" />
涓嶈凍涔嬪錛?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (1)銆佸畠瀹屽叏涓庢湰榪涚▼鑴辯錛屾棤娉曞仛浜涘繀瑕佺殑鎺у埗銆?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (2)銆佹棤娉曞緱鐭ュ惎鍔ㄧ殑紼嬪簭鏄惁閫鍑恒?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (3)銆佸緱涓嶅埌鍚姩鐨勭▼搴忕殑閫鍑虹爜銆?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> (4)銆佷笉鑳借繍琛?.txt鏂囦歡鎴?www.baidu.com"
涓夈丼hellExecute
HINSTANCE ShellExecute(
HWND hwnd,
LPCTSTR lpOperation,
LPCTSTR lpFile,
LPCTSTR lpParameters,
LPCTSTR lpDirectory,
INT nShowCmd
);
瀹冧篃鏈塛inExec鍚屾牱鐨勭己鐐廣?/span>
瀹冭櫧鐒朵紶鍥炰竴涓狧INSTANCE錛屼絾浠栧茍涓嶆槸鐪熸鐨勫彞鏌勶紝鎴戜滑浠呰兘鎷垮畠鏉ュ仛涓浜涢敊璇兼鏌ャ?/span>
浣嗗畠鐨勫姛鑳芥瘮鍓嶄袱鑰呮洿寮哄ぇ錛屽畠鎵ц緋葷粺鐨凷hell鍛戒護(hù)銆?/span>
1銆?涓鏋滀紶鍏?#8220;XX.txt”錛屽畠浠皢涓嶈兘鎴愬姛鎵ц錛孲hellExecute鍗磋兘寰堝ソ鍦版墽琛岋紝瀹冨皢鍚姩涓涓粯璁ょ殑鏂囧瓧澶勭悊紼嬪簭鏉ユ墦寮瀹冦?/span>
1銆?涓鏋滀紶鍏?#8220;www.vccode.com”錛屽皢涓嶈兘鎴愬姛鎵ц錛岃孲hellExecute鍗磋兘寰堝ソ鍦版墽琛岋紝瀹冨皢鍚姩涓涓粯璁ゆ祻瑙堝櫒鏉ユ墦寮榪欎釜緗戠珯銆?/span>
鍥涖丆reateProcess
BOOL CreateProcess(
LPCTSTR lpApplicationName, // name of executable module
LPTSTR lpCommandLine, // command line string
LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes, // SD
LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes, // SD
BOOL bInheritHandles, // handle inheritance option
DWORD dwCreationFlags, // creation flags
LPVOID lpEnvironment, // new environment block
LPCTSTR lpCurrentDirectory, // current directory name
LPSTARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo, // startup information
LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation // process information
);
寰寰鐪嬪埌榪欎釜鍑芥暟灝辮浜虹敓鐣忥紝瀹冨弬鏁板錛岃屼笖鍙傛暟綾誨瀷涔熷姝ら檶鐢熴傛槸鐨勶紝姝ｆ槸鍥犱負(fù)濡傛瀹冩墠鍔熻兘寮哄ぇ錛?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> 浣嗕笉瑕佹曪紝浣滀負(fù)涓鑸嬌鐢紝闈炲父綆鍗曪紒涓嬮潰渚挎槸涓涓畝鍗曠殑渚嬪瓙(鍚姩璁頒簨鏈?錛?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" />
STARTUPINFO StartInfo;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pinfo;
//瀵圭▼搴忕殑鍚姩淇℃伅涓嶄綔浠諱綍璁懼畾錛屽叏閮ㄦ竻0
memset(&StartInfo,0,sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
StartInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);//璁懼畾緇撴瀯鐨勫ぇ灝?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" />
BOOL ret=CreateProcess(
NULL, //鍚姩紼嬪簭璺緞鍚?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> "notepad.exe", //鍙傛暟錛堝綋exeName涓篘ULL鏃訛紝鍙皢鍛戒護(hù)鏀懼叆鍙傛暟鍓嶏級(jí)
NULL, //浣跨敤榛樿榪涚▼瀹夊叏灞炴?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> NULL, //浣跨敤榛樿綰跨▼瀹夊叏灞炴?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> FALSE, //鍙ユ焺涓嶇戶(hù)鎵?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, //浣跨敤姝ｅ父浼樺厛綰?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" /> NULL, //浣跨敤鐖惰繘紼嬬殑鐜鍙橀噺
NULL, //鎸囧畾宸ヤ綔鐩綍
&StartInfo, //瀛愯繘紼嬩富紿楀彛濡備綍鏄劇ず
&pinfo); //鐢ㄤ簬瀛樻斁鏂拌繘紼嬬殑榪斿洖淇℃伅
銆銆榪欐牱鍦ㄥ垱寤烘垚鍔熻繖鍚庢垜浠氨鍙互浠巔info涓壘鍒板畠鐨勶細(xì)榪涚▼鍙ユ焺錛岀嚎紼嬪彞鏌勶紝榪涚▼ID錛岀嚎紼婭D
銆銆鍦ㄩ檮浠舵簮鐮佷腑婕旂ず浜?jiǎn)杩浗E嬪簭鐨勫惎鍔紝鍋滄銆?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" />
銆銆瀹為檯涓婃垜浠彲浠ラ氳繃寰堝鏂瑰紡濡傚唴瀛樺叡浜佺埗榪涚▼紿椾綋鍙ヤ綋浼犲叆浠嶅悗浠庢秷鎭腑鑾峰緱瀛愯繘紼嬬獥浣撳彞鏌勭瓑錛屾潵瀹炵幇鏇村鐨勬帶鍒躲?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" />
銆銆鎯沖緢濂藉湴鎺屾彙CreateProcess錛屽彲鍙傝浜烘皯閭數(shù)鍑虹増紺懼嚭鐗堢殑<< Windows緋葷粺緙栫▼ >>錛屽畠鐨?#8220;榪涚▼”閮ㄤ喚浣滀簡(jiǎn)寰堣灝界殑璇存槑銆?
渚嬬▼錛?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" />#include<windows.h>
void main()
{
HWND handle;
printf("Function <WinExec>:\nIt can run a cmd command,but can`t open *.txt and \"www.*.*\"\n");
printf("Please press Enter go on\n");
getchar();
WinExec("mspaint.exe",SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE);
/*winexec涓嶈兘鎵撳紑緗戠珯鎴杢xt鏂囦歡*/
printf("Function <ShellExecute>:\nIt can run a cmd command to open file or web\n\n");
getchar();
printf("Open a txt file\n");
ShellExecute(NULL,"open","C:\\test.txt",NULL,NULL,SW_MINIMIZE);
getchar();
printf("Open a web\n");
ShellExecute(NULL,NULL,"www.baidu.com",NULL,NULL,SW_SHOWNA);
getchar();
printf("Run a cmd command:ping www.sina.com\n");
ShellExecute(NULL, NULL, "ping", "sina.com", NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
getchar();
printf("鎵撳紑鐩綍\n");
ShellExecute(NULL, "open", "c:", NULL, NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
getchar();
printf("嫻忚鐩綍\n");
ShellExecute(NULL, "explore", "c:", NULL, NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
getchar();
printf("鏂囦歡灞炴n");
ShellExecute(handle,"properties","C:\\test.txt",NULL,NULL,SW_MINIMIZE);
printf("%s",handle);
/*shellExecute鐨勭浜屼釜鍙傛暟涓轟綘鎯蟲(chóng)墽琛岀殑鎿嶄綔(edit,explore,find,open,print,properties),涔熷彲涓篘ULL*/
}
/*
SW_HIDE Hides the window and passes activation to another window.
SW_MINIMIZE Minimizes the specified window and activates the top-level window in the system's list.
SW_RESTORE Activates and displays a window. If the window is minimized or maximized, Windows restores it to its original size and position (same as SW_SHOWNORMAL).
SW_SHOW Activates a window and displays it in its current size and position.
SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED Activates a window and displays it as a maximized window.
SW_SHOWMINIMIZED Activates a window and displays it as an icon.
SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE Displays a window as an icon. The window that is currently active remains active.
SW_SHOWNA Displays a window in its current state. The window that is currently active remains active.
SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE Displays a window in its most recent size and position. The window that is currently active remains active.
SW_SHOWNORMAL Activates and displays a window. If the window is minimized or maximized, Windows restores it to its original size and position (same as SW_RESTORE).
*/
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鐩存帴鍦╒S涓敤Ctrl+F鎴栬匔trl+Shift+F錛屽湪"鏌ユ壘鍐呭"涓緭鍏?".*[\u4E00-\u9FA5]+)|([\u4E00-\u9FA5]+.*")錛屽氨鑳芥壘鍑烘墍鏈夎繖浜涗腑鏂囧瓧絎︿覆浜?jiǎn)锛?img border="0" src="http://m.shnenglu.com/Emoticons/QQ/lol.gif" width="20" height="20" alt="" />
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絳旀涓鑸槸涓嶈銆?/p>
鍏充簬棰勭紪璇戞潯浠禡SDN鏄庣‘鍐欑潃錛?The expression cannot use sizeof or a type-cast operator.
鍏跺疄錛屽儚#include,#if,#define絳夌瓑榪欐牱鐨勬槸鍦ㄩ澶勭悊榪囩▼灝卞畬鎴愪簡(jiǎn)鍖呭惈鍜屾浛鎹紝鎵浠ヤ粬浠槸棰勫鐞嗘寚浠ゃ傝屾鏃惰繕娌℃湁鍒扮紪璇戞湡錛岃繕娌℃湁綾誨瀷鍚嶇О鍒嗘瀽錛宻izeof涔熷氨涓嶈兘鐢ㄣ?/p>
緙栬瘧鏈熷畬鎴愮殑宸ヤ綔闄や簡(jiǎn)sizeof浠ュ錛屾垜浠繕鍏蟲(chóng)敞鐨勫氨鏄ā鏉跨殑鍏風(fēng)幇絳夈?/p>
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鍗充嬌涓嶈冭檻鏄惁瀛樺湪榪欐牱涓涓柟妗堬紝涔熶笉鑰冭檻榪欎釜鏈緇堟柟妗堝疄鐜版墍闇鐨勬垚鏈紝鍗曞氨綆楁槸寮勫嚭鏉ヤ簡(jiǎn)錛屾垜浠細(xì)涓嶄細(xì)鏈緇堝彂鐜拌繖宸茬粡鑳岀浜?jiǎn)鎴戜滑闇姹傜殑鍒濊》錛岃繖涓嶆槸鎴戜滑闇瑕佺殑錛?/p>
鏄殑銆傝繖鏄笉闇瑕佺殑錛屼篃鏄笉鐜板疄鐨勶紝鏇存槸涓嶅繀瑕佺殑錛?
銆奀闄烽槺涓庣己闄楓嬩腑絎?绔犳湁涓涓緢鏈夋剰鎬濈殑涔?fàn)棰樺Q屽垰寮濮嬫垜榪樹(shù)笉鐞嗚В姝ら鐨勭敤鎰忥紝鑷沖皯瑙夊緱鏀懼湪榪欐牱涓鏈妧鏈功綾嶄腑鏄灝戞湁浜?#8220;鑾悕鍏跺”鐨勶紝浣嗘槸鍚庢潵鍙戠幇榪欐槸瀵圭殑銆備綔鑰呬綔涓轟竴涓祫娣辯殑鎶鏈笓瀹訛紝鐢ㄨ嚜宸卞嚑鍗佸勾鐨勭粡楠岀爺絀朵簡(jiǎn)紼嬪簭璁捐涓殑鏂規(guī)柟闈㈤潰錛屽湪鍒嗕韓鑷繁鐨勭粡楠屾椂錛屽湪鏈鍓嶉潰灝辯敤姝ら鏉ュ憡璇夊悗浜轟竴涓剰璇嗗艦鎬佺殑涓滆タ錛岃屼笖寰堟槑鏄句粬璁や負(fù)榪欏湪紼嬪簭璁捐涓篃鏄渶瑕侀瑕佽冭檻鐨勩?
榪欎釜棰樼洰鏄繖鏍風(fēng)殑錛?#8220;鍦ㄧ児楗椂浣犳槸鍚﹀け鎵嬬敤鑿滃垁鍒囦激榪囪嚜宸辯殑鎵嬶紵鎬庢牱鏀硅繘鑿滃垁浣垮緱浣跨敤鏇村畨鍏紵浣犳槸鍚︽効鎰忎嬌鐢ㄨ繖鏍蜂竴鎶婄粡榪囨敼鑹殑鑿滃垁錛?#8221;
瀵逛互涓婅繖涓鐩紝鑱槑鐨勬?zhèn)ㄦ槸濡備綍鑰冭檻鐨勫憿錛熷ソ濂芥兂涓涓嬶紝涓嬮潰鎴戝氨緇欏嚭浣滆呯殑鐪熺煡鐏艱浜?jiǎn)鍝
Answer錛?#8220;鎴戜滑寰堝鏄撴兂鍒拌涓涓伐鍏鋒洿瀹夊叏錛屼唬浠鋒槸鍘熸潵綆鍗曠殑宸ュ叿鐜板湪瑕佸彉寰楀鏉備竴浜涖傞鍝佸姞宸ユ満涓鑸湁榪為攣瑁呯疆錛屼繚鎶や嬌鐢ㄨ呬笉璁╂墜鎸囧彈浼ゃ備絾鏄彍鍒鍗翠笉鍚岋紝緇欒繖鏍蜂竴涓畝鍗曘佺伒媧葷殑宸ュ叿闄勫姞淇濇姢鎵嬫寚閬垮厤鍙椾激鐨勮緗紝鍙兘璁╁畠澶卞幓綆鍗曠伒媧葷殑鐗圭偣銆傚疄闄呬笂錛岃繖鏍峰仛鏈鍚庡緱鍒扮殑鏇村儚涓鍙伴鍝佸姞宸ユ満錛岃屼笉鏄竴鎶婅彍鍒銆?#8221;
濂戒簡(jiǎn)錛岀粡鍏稿悕璦璇炵敓浜?jiǎn)锛?xì)“浣垮叾闅句簬鍋?#8216;鍌諱簨’甯稿父浼?xì)鋴慑厜櫄句簬鍋?#8216;鑱槑浜?#8217;錛屾鎵璋?#8216;寮勫閥鎴愭嫏’銆?#8221;錛?
涓嶆劎鏄疌璇█鐨勫ぇ甯堬紒鎴戞兂C璇█鐨勫摬瀛﹀簲璇ヤ篃灝辨槸榪欐牱銆侰璇█緇忓巻榪欎箞澶氬勾錛屽叾鍒濆鐨勮璁℃濇兂濮嬬粓濡備竴錛氱▼搴忓憳?shù)簡(jiǎn)瑙ｄ粬浠湪鍋氫粈涔堬紝鎯熶竴鐨勮姹傛槸紼嬪簭鍛樿鏄庣‘鍦拌〃杈句粬浠殑鎰忓浘銆?
榪欐槸鏀句箣鍥涙搗鐨嗗噯鐨勫摬瀛︼細(xì)綆鍗曞氨鏄編錛?
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1銆併奀++STL 涓枃鐗堛嬬涓绔犺鍚庝範(fàn)棰橈細(xì)1-4銆佽В閲婁負(fù)浠涔堝湪鎵鍐欑畻娉曚腑浣跨敤鍏朵粬縐嶇被鐨勮凱浠ｅ櫒錛岃屼笉鏄殢鏈哄瓨鍙栬凱浠ｅ櫒錛?-5銆佽В閲婁負(fù)浠涔堝畞鎰垮畾涔変竴涓粎鑳介氳繃榪唬鍣ㄦ潵瀛樺彇鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勶紝鑰屼笉鏄浠栧彲浠ヨ闅忔満瀛樺彇鍛紵
2銆併奀++STL 涓枃鐗堛嬭凱浠ｅ櫒閮ㄥ垎涓鐩翠粙緇嶈緭鍏ャ佽緭鍘匯佸墠鍚戙佸弻鍚戙侀殢鏈鴻凱浠ｅ櫒錛岀劧鑰屾垜浠ヤ負(fù)鍙浠?lt;iterator>寤虹珛鐨勫璞″氨鍏鋒湁闅忔満榪唬鍣ㄧ殑鍔熻兘錛屼負(fù)浣曡璁哄墠鍚戙佸弻鍚戝憿錛?/p>
3銆佷粠銆奀++STL 涓枃鐗堛嬬涓绔犲悗闈㈢殑涔?fàn)棰樼湅鍓嶅悜銆佸弻鍚戙侀殢鏈鴻凱浠ｅ櫒浠庢ц川鍜屾潯浠朵笂鏈夎緝澶у樊鍒紝璇烽棶榪欏湪娣卞眰涓婂浣曠悊瑙ｅ憿錛?/p>
4銆併奀++STL 涓枃鐗堛嬬浜岀珷涔?fàn)棰樺Q?-3“褰揟鍜孶涓湁涓涓槸const綾誨瀷鏃訛紝鎴戜滑鍙兘闇瑕佺粡甯告瀯閫犱竴涓猵air<T,U>瀵硅薄銆備笅闈㈢殑瀹氫箟鏄惁鍙互杈懼埌榪欐牱鐨勬晥鏋滐紵濡傛灉涓嶅彲浠ワ紝璇瘋鍑轟綘鐨勭悊鐢便?br>template<class T,class U>inline pair<T,U> make_pair(T& x,U& y)
{return (pair<T,U> (x,y));}”
5銆併奀++STL 涓枃鐗堛?-4“璇鋒弿榪板嚭涓縐嶅彲鑳界殑緙栫爜鎯呭喌錛屼嬌寰楄〃杈懼紡 x.first < y.first ||
!(y.first < x.first) && x.second < y.second 騫朵笉絳夊悓浜?x.first < y.first || x.first == y.first && x.second < y.second銆?#8221;
6銆丼TL鍦ㄤ粬鐨勬枃浠朵腑瀹氫箟浜?jiǎn)鎸囬拡鍜屽紩鐢ㄥQ屼絾鍚屾椂榪樻繪槸瀹氫箟甯告寚閽堝拰甯稿紩鐢紝涓轟綍涓よ呭繀欏誨垎寮瀹炵幇鍛紵
7銆併奀++STL 涓枃鐗堛嬬鍥涚珷錛?-6“鍐欏嚭涓涓垎閰嶅櫒錛屽畠?yōu)畣瀵硅薄瀛樺偍鍦ㄤ竴涓鐩樻枃浠朵腑錛屽茍涓旂淮鎶や竴涓皬灝忕殑楂橀熺紦瀛樻潵瀛樺偍紼嬪簭鍐呭瓨?shù)腑鐨勬湁鏁堝璞°?#8221;
8銆併奀++STL 涓枃鐗堛嬬鍥涚珷錛?-7“鍦ㄩ偅縐嶆儏鍐典笅錛屽垎閰嶅櫒搴旇浠ヤ笌妯℃澘綾籥llocator涓嶄竴鑷寸殑鏂瑰紡鏉ュ畾涔夋垚鍛樺嚱鏁癱onstruct鍜宒estroy錛?#8221;
9銆?lt;algorithm>鏂囦歡涓璼ort_heap鍑芥暟鍔熻兘錛歷oid sort_heap(RanIt first, RanIt last)閲嶆帓鐢卞尯闂碵first,last)涓殑榪唬鍣ㄦ寚瀹氱殑搴忓垪錛屼駭鐢熶竴涓寜 operator <鎺掑簭鐨勫簭鍒椼備絾鏄渶鍒濈殑搴忓垪涔熷繀欏繪槸涓涓悓鏍鋒寜 operator < 鎺掑簭鐨勫爢銆傝繖鏍風(fēng)湅錛岄偅璇ュ嚱鏁扮殑瀹為檯鎰忎箟鍛紵
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