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銆銆C++璇█鐨勫垱寤哄垵琛鋒槸鈥渁 better C鈥濓紝浣嗘槸榪欏茍涓嶆剰鍛崇潃C++涓被浼糃璇█鐨勫叏灞鍙橀噺鍜屽嚱鏁版墍閲囩敤鐨勭紪璇戝拰榪炴帴鏂瑰紡涓嶤璇█瀹屽叏鐩稿悓銆備綔涓轟竴縐嶆涓嶤鍏煎鐨勮璦錛孋++淇濈暀浜嗕竴閮ㄥ垎榪囩▼寮忚璦鐨勭壒鐐癸紙琚笘浜虹О涓衡滀笉褰誨簳鍦伴潰鍚戝璞♀濓級錛屽洜鑰屽畠鍙互瀹氫箟涓嶅睘浜庝換浣曠被鐨勫叏灞鍙橀噺鍜屽嚱鏁般備絾鏄紝C++姣曠珶鏄竴縐嶉潰鍚戝璞$殑紼嬪簭璁捐璇█錛屼負浜嗘敮鎸佸嚱鏁扮殑閲嶈澆錛孋++瀵瑰叏灞鍑芥暟鐨勫鐞嗘柟寮忎笌C鏈夋槑鏄劇殑涓嶅悓銆?
闃呰鍏ㄦ枃
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銆銆绔嬪満涓嶅悓銆佹墍澶勭幆澧冧笉鍚岀殑浜猴紝寰堥毦浜嗚В瀵規柟鐨勬劅鍙楋紱鍥犳瀵瑰埆浜虹殑澶辨剰銆佹尗鎶樸佷激鐥涳紝涓嶅疁騫哥伨涔愮ジ錛岃屽簲瑕佹湁鍏蟲銆佷簡瑙g殑蹇冩儏銆傝鏈夊瀹圭殑蹇冿紒 闃呰鍏ㄦ枃
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鈥︹?nbsp; 闃呰鍏ㄦ枃
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鐪熸鐨勭▼搴忓憳閮芥湁濡備笅縐夋э細
鈥︹?nbsp; 闃呰鍏ㄦ枃
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澶у鏁癈++閲囩敤浠ヤ笅涓夌鏂規硶涔嬩竴鏉ョ鐞嗘寚閽堟垚鍛橈細
錛?錛? 鎸囬拡鎴愬憳閲囧彇甯歌鎸囬拡鍨嬭涓恒傝繖鏍風殑綾誨叿鏈夋寚閽堢殑鎵鏈夌己闄蜂絾鏃犻渶鐗規畩鐨勫鍒舵帶鍒躲?
錛?錛? 綾誨彲浠ュ疄鐜版墍璋撶殑鈥滄櫤鑳芥寚閽堚濊涓恒傛寚閽堟墍鎸囧悜鐨勫璞℃槸鍏變韓鐨勶紝浣嗙被鑳藉闃叉鎮瀭鎸囬拡銆?
錛?錛? 綾婚噰鍙栧煎瀷琛屼負銆傛寚閽堟墍鎸囧悜鐨勫璞℃槸鍞竴鐨勩傜敱姣忎釜綾誨璞$嫭绔嬬鐞嗐?
闃呰鍏ㄦ枃
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2錛? Default Construcor 鐨勫緩鏋勬搷浣?
鏈夊洓縐嶆儏鍐碉紝浼氬鑷粹滅紪璇戝櫒蹇呴』涓烘湭澹版槑constructor 涔媍lass 鍚堟垚涓涓?Default constructor 鈥? C++ Stardand 鎶婇偅浜涘悎鎴愮墿縐頒負implicit nontrivial default constructor .琚悎鎴愬嚭鏉ョ殑鐨刢onstructor 鍙兘婊¤凍緙栬瘧鍣紙鑰岄潪紼嬪簭錛夌殑闇姹傘傚畠涔嬫墍浠ヨ兘澶熷畬鎴愪換鍔★紝鏄熺潃鈥滆皟鐢╩ember object 鎴?base class 鐨刣efault constructor 鈥濇垨鏄滀負姣忎竴涓猳bject 鍒濆鍖栧叾virtual function 鏈哄埗鎴杤irtual base class 鏈哄埗鈥?鑰屽畬鎴愩傝嚦浜庢病鏈夊瓨鍦ㄩ偅鍥涚鎯呭喌鑰屽張娌℃湁澹版槑浠諱綍constructor 鐨刢lasses ,鎴戜滑璇村畠浠嫢鏈夌殑鏄?implicit trivial constructors, 瀹冧滑瀹為檯涓婂茍涓嶄細琚悎鎴愬嚭鏉ャ?
闃呰鍏ㄦ枃
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C++甯冨眬浠ュ強瀛樺彇鏃墮棿鏄富瑕佺殑棰濆璐熸媴鏄敱 virtual 寮曡搗錛屽寘鎷細
Virtual function 鏈哄埗 鐢ㄤ互鏀寔涓涓湁鏁堢巼鐨勨滄墽琛屾湡緇戝畾鈥濓紙running binding錛?
Virtual base class 鐢ㄤ互瀹炵幇鈥滃嬈″嚭鐜板湪緇ф壙浣撶郴涓殑base class 錛屾湁涓涓崟涓鑰岃鍏變韓鐨勫疄浣撯濄?......
闃呰鍏ㄦ枃
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闃呰鍏ㄦ枃
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涔熻鏈夌殑鏃跺欎笉鏄ぇ鐨勭伨闅懼皢鎴戜滑鎵撳掞紝鑰屾槸鑷繁鏈韓鐨勬亹鎱屽皢鎴戜滑鍑誨掋傚緟緇紒
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濡備綍绔欏湪鍚勪釜瑙掑害鏉ョ湅寰呴潰涓寸殑闂錛屼互鑳藉鐭ラ亾鍏剁湡姝f墍鍦紱濡備綍鍘誨皾璇曢偅涓渶鑳借В鍐崇湡
姝i棶棰樼殑鏂規硶錛屽茍涓旀椂鍒諱繚鎸佽鎯曞績錛?)涓轟粈涔堜笉瑕佹妸浜轟滑鐨勮В鍐蟲柟娉曡璁や負鏄棶棰樼殑瀹氫箟錛?br>鏇翠笉瑕佹妸鏌愪釜闂鐨勮В鍐蟲柟娉曡璁や負鏄棶棰樼殑瀹氫箟錛岀壒鍒槸榪欎釜瑙e喅鏂規硶鏄綘鑷繁鎵浣跨敤
鐨勶紱4)姘歌繙閮戒笉瑕佽偗瀹氳嚜宸卞凡緇忔湁浜嗕竴涓紜殑瀹氫箟錛屽嵆浣挎槸鍦ㄩ棶棰樺ソ鍍忓凡緇忚В鍐充箣鍚庛?br>
璇ュ紑濮嬭В鍐抽棶棰橈紵
5)姣忎竴縐嶈В鍐蟲柟娉曢兘浼氬甫鏉ユ柊鐨勯棶棰橈紱6)闂鏈闅句互澶勭悊鐨?br>閮ㄥ垎鎭版伆鏄幓鎰忚瘑鍒板畠浠殑瀛樺湪錛?)鍦ㄧ悊瑙i棶棰樹箣鍓嶏紝鑷沖皯瑕佸仛濂藉噯澶囨帴鍙椾笁縐嶅彲鑳界殑鍑洪敊
鎯呭喌錛?)鎴栬榪樺彲浠ユ敼鍙橀棶棰樼殑琛ㄨ堪鏉ヨ幏寰椾笉鍚岀殑瑙e喅鏂規硶錛?)褰撲綘娌夎糠浜庡鎵鵑棶棰樺畾涔夊拰
瑙e喅鏂規硶鏃訛紝涓嶈蹇樿闅忔椂閮藉洖澶寸湅鐪嬶紝鐪嬬湅鑷繁鏄笉鏄凡緇忚糠璺簡鈰嫰
浜哄鍙橈紝鍔ㄧ墿涔熷鍙橈紝榪欐槸鎴戜滑璇ユ庝箞鍔烇紵
10)褰撳埆浜鴻兘澶熷緢濂藉湴瑙e喅鑷繁闂鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍗冧竾涓嶈瓚?br>淇庝唬搴栵紱11)濡傛灉鏌愪漢鑳藉瑙e喅榪欎釜闂錛屼絾鏄粬鏈漢鍗村茍涓嶄細閬囧埌榪欎竴闂鏃訛紝閭d箞浣犻
鍏堣鍋氱殑灝辨槸璁╀粬涔熸劅鍙楀埌榪欎竴闂錛?2)涓嶇鐪嬩笂鍘誨浣曪紝浜轟滑寰堝皯鐭ラ亾浠栦滑瑕佷粈涔堬紝鐩?br>鍒頒綘緇欎簡浠栦滑鎵闇瑕佺殑涓滆タ錛?3)鐢氳嚦錛屼簨瀹炰笂錛屽茍娌℃湁澶氬皯浜虹湡鐨勫笇鏈涗粬浠殑闂琚В鍐熾?
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鏁版嵁綾誨瀷鍜屽唴瀛樼鐞嗘病鏈夌洿鎺ョ殑鍏崇郴銆?/span>
涓涓敱c/C++緙栬瘧鐨勭▼搴忓崰鐢ㄧ殑鍐呭瓨鍒嗕負浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜閮ㄥ垎錛?/span>
1銆?nbsp;鏍堝尯錛?/span>stack錛夆?/span> 鐢辯紪璇戝櫒鑷姩鍒嗛厤閲婃斁 錛屽瓨鏀懼嚱鏁扮殑鍙傛暟鍊鹼紝灞閮ㄥ彉閲忕殑鍊肩瓑銆傚叾鎿嶄綔鏂瑰紡綾諱技浜庢暟鎹粨鏋勪腑鐨勬爤銆?/span>
2銆?nbsp;鍫嗗尯錛?/span>heap錛?/span> 鈥?/span> 涓鑸敱紼嬪簭鍛樺垎閰嶉噴鏀撅紝 鑻ョ▼搴忓憳涓嶉噴鏀撅紝紼嬪簭緇撴潫鏃跺彲鑳界敱OS鍥炴敹 銆傛敞鎰忓畠涓庢暟鎹粨鏋勪腑鐨勫爢鏄袱鍥炰簨錛屽垎閰嶆柟寮忓掓槸綾諱技浜庨摼琛紝鍛靛懙銆?/span>
3銆?nbsp;鍏ㄥ眬鍖猴紙闈欐佸尯錛夛紙static錛夛紝鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺鍜岄潤鎬佸彉閲忕殑瀛樺偍鏄斁鍦ㄤ竴鍧楃殑錛屽垵濮嬪寲鐨勫叏灞鍙橀噺鍜岄潤鎬佸彉閲忓湪涓鍧楀尯鍩燂紝 鏈垵濮嬪寲鐨勫叏灞鍙橀噺鍜屾湭鍒濆鍖栫殑闈欐佸彉閲忓湪鐩擱偦鐨勫彟涓鍧楀尯鍩熴?/span> 紼嬪簭緇撴潫鍚庣敱緋葷粺閲婃斁銆?/span>
4銆?nbsp;鏂囧瓧甯擱噺鍖?/span> 鈥斿父閲忓瓧絎︿覆灝辨槸鏀懼湪榪欓噷鐨勩?/span> 紼嬪簭緇撴潫鍚庣敱緋葷粺閲婃斁
5銆?nbsp;紼嬪簭浠g爜鍖衡斿瓨鏀懼嚱鏁頒綋鐨勪簩榪涘埗浠g爜銆?/span>
涓銆?span> 渚嬪瓙紼嬪簭
榪欐槸涓涓墠杈堝啓鐨勶紝闈炲父璇︾粏
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//main.cpp int a = 0; //鍏ㄥ眬鍒濆鍖栧尯 char *p1; //鍏ㄥ眬鏈垵濮嬪寲鍖?/span> main() { int b; //鏍?/span> char s[] = "abc"; //鏍?/span> char *p2; //鏍?/span> char *p3 = "123456"; //123456\\0鍦ㄥ父閲忓尯錛?/span>p3鍦ㄦ爤涓娿?/span> static int c =0錛?/span> //鍏ㄥ眬錛堥潤鎬侊級鍒濆鍖栧尯 p1 = (char *)malloc(10); //鍒嗛厤寰楁潵寰?/span>10鍜?/span>20瀛楄妭鐨勫尯鍩熷氨鍦ㄥ爢鍖恒?/span> p2 = (char *)malloc(20); //鍒嗛厤寰楁潵寰?/span>10鍜?/span>20瀛楄妭鐨勫尯鍩熷氨鍦ㄥ爢鍖恒?/span> strcpy(p1, "123456"); //123456\\0鏀懼湪甯擱噺鍖?/span> //緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ彲鑳戒細灝嗗畠涓?/span>p3鎵鎸囧悜鐨?/span>"123456"浼樺寲鎴愪竴涓湴鏂廣?/span> } |
浜屻?span> 鍫嗗拰鏍堢殑鐞嗚鐭ヨ瘑
1. 鐢寵鏂瑰紡
Stack錛氱敱緋葷粺鑷姩鍒嗛厤銆?/span> 渚嬪錛屽0鏄庡湪鍑芥暟涓竴涓眬閮ㄥ彉閲?/span> int b錛涚郴緇熻嚜鍔ㄥ湪鏍堜腑涓?/span>b寮杈熺┖闂?/span>
Heap錛氶渶瑕佺▼搴忓憳鑷繁鐢寵錛屽茍鎸囨槑澶у皬錛屽湪c涓?/span>malloc鍑芥暟濡?/span>p1 = (char *)malloc(10);
鍦?/span>C++涓敤new榪愮畻絎﹀p2 = (char *)malloc(10)錛涗絾鏄敞鎰?/span>p1銆?/span>p2鏈韓鏄湪鏍堜腑鐨勩?/span>
2. 鐢寵鍚庣郴緇熺殑鍝嶅簲
鏍堬細鍙鏍堢殑鍓╀綑絀洪棿澶т簬鎵鐢寵絀洪棿錛岀郴緇熷皢涓虹▼搴忔彁渚涘唴瀛橈紝鍚﹀垯灝嗘姤寮傚父鎻愮ず鏍堟孩鍑恒?/span>
鍫嗭細棣栧厛搴旇鐭ラ亾鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鏈変竴涓褰曠┖闂插唴瀛樺湴鍧鐨勯摼琛紝褰撶郴緇熸敹鍒扮▼搴忕殑鐢寵鏃訛紝浼氶亶鍘嗚閾捐〃錛屽鎵劇涓涓┖闂村ぇ浜庢墍鐢寵絀洪棿鐨勫爢緇撶偣錛岀劧鍚庡皢璇ョ粨鐐逛粠絀洪棽緇撶偣閾捐〃涓垹闄わ紝騫跺皢璇ョ粨鐐圭殑絀洪棿鍒嗛厤緇欑▼搴忥紝鍙﹀錛屽浜庡ぇ澶氭暟緋葷粺錛屼細鍦ㄨ繖鍧楀唴瀛樼┖闂翠腑鐨勯鍦板潃澶勮褰曟湰嬈″垎閰嶇殑澶у皬錛岃繖鏍鳳紝浠g爜涓殑delete璇彞鎵嶈兘姝g‘鐨勯噴鏀炬湰鍐呭瓨絀洪棿銆傚彟澶栵紝鐢變簬鎵懼埌鐨勫爢緇撶偣鐨勫ぇ灝忎笉涓瀹氭濂界瓑浜庣敵璇風殑澶у皬錛岀郴緇熶細鑷姩鐨勫皢澶氫綑鐨勯偅閮ㄥ垎閲嶆柊鏀懼叆絀洪棽閾捐〃涓?/span>
3. 2.3鐢寵澶у皬鐨勯檺鍒?/span>
鏍堬細鍦?/span>Windows涓?/span>,鏍堟槸鍚戜綆鍦板潃鎵╁睍鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勶紝鏄竴鍧楄繛緇殑鍐呭瓨鐨勫尯鍩熴傝繖鍙ヨ瘽鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鏍堥《鐨勫湴鍧鍜屾爤鐨勬渶澶у閲忔槸緋葷粺棰勫厛瑙勫畾濂界殑錛屽湪 WINDOWS涓嬶紝鏍堢殑澶у皬鏄?/span>
鍫嗭細鍫嗘槸鍚戦珮鍦板潃鎵╁睍鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勶紝鏄笉榪炵畫鐨勫唴瀛樺尯鍩熴傝繖鏄敱浜庣郴緇熸槸鐢ㄩ摼琛ㄦ潵瀛樺偍鐨勭┖闂插唴瀛樺湴鍧鐨勶紝鑷劧鏄笉榪炵畫鐨勶紝鑰岄摼琛ㄧ殑閬嶅巻鏂瑰悜鏄敱浣庡湴鍧鍚戦珮鍦板潃銆傚爢鐨勫ぇ灝忓彈闄愪簬璁$畻鏈虹郴緇熶腑鏈夋晥鐨勮櫄鎷熷唴瀛樸傜敱姝ゅ彲瑙侊紝鍫嗚幏寰楃殑絀洪棿姣旇緝鐏墊椿錛屼篃姣旇緝澶с?/span>
4. 鐢寵鏁堢巼鐨勬瘮杈冿細
鏍堢敱緋葷粺鑷姩鍒嗛厤錛岄熷害杈冨揩銆備絾紼嬪簭鍛樻槸鏃犳硶鎺у埗鐨勩?/span>
鍫嗘槸鐢?/span>new鍒嗛厤鐨勫唴瀛橈紝涓鑸熷害姣旇緝鎱紝鑰屼笖瀹規槗浜х敓鍐呭瓨紕庣墖,涓嶈繃鐢ㄨ搗鏉ユ渶鏂逛究.
鍙﹀錛屽湪WINDOWS涓嬶紝鏈濂界殑鏂瑰紡鏄敤VirtualAlloc鍒嗛厤鍐呭瓨錛屼粬涓嶆槸鍦ㄥ爢錛屼篃涓嶆槸鍦ㄦ爤鏄洿鎺ュ湪榪涚▼鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿涓繚鐣欎竴蹇唴瀛橈紝铏界劧鐢ㄨ搗鏉ユ渶涓嶆柟渚褲備絾鏄熷害蹇紝涔熸渶鐏墊椿
5. 鍫嗗拰鏍堜腑鐨勫瓨鍌ㄥ唴瀹?/span>
鏍堬細 鍦ㄥ嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄦ椂錛岀涓涓繘鏍堢殑鏄富鍑芥暟涓悗鐨勪笅涓鏉℃寚浠わ紙鍑芥暟璋冪敤璇彞鐨勪笅涓鏉″彲鎵ц璇彞錛夌殑鍦板潃錛岀劧鍚庢槸鍑芥暟鐨勫悇涓弬鏁幫紝鍦ㄥぇ澶氭暟鐨?/span>C緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ腑錛屽弬鏁版槸鐢卞彸寰宸﹀叆鏍堢殑錛岀劧鍚庢槸鍑芥暟涓殑灞閮ㄥ彉閲忋傛敞鎰忛潤鎬佸彉閲忔槸涓嶅叆鏍堢殑銆?/span>
褰撴湰嬈″嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄧ粨鏉熷悗錛屽眬閮ㄥ彉閲忓厛鍑烘爤錛岀劧鍚庢槸鍙傛暟錛屾渶鍚庢爤欏舵寚閽堟寚鍚戞渶寮濮嬪瓨鐨勫湴鍧錛屼篃灝辨槸涓誨嚱鏁頒腑鐨勪笅涓鏉℃寚浠わ紝紼嬪簭鐢辮鐐圭戶緇繍琛屻?/span>
鍫嗭細涓鑸槸鍦ㄥ爢鐨勫ご閮ㄧ敤涓涓瓧鑺傚瓨鏀懼爢鐨勫ぇ灝忋傚爢涓殑鍏蜂綋鍐呭鏈夌▼搴忓憳瀹夋帓銆?/span>
6. 瀛樺彇鏁堢巼鐨勬瘮杈?/span>
char s1[] = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
char *s2 = "bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb";
aaaaaaaaaaa鏄湪榪愯鏃跺埢璧嬪肩殑錛?/span>
鑰?/span>bbbbbbbbbbb鏄湪緙栬瘧鏃跺氨紜畾鐨勶紱
浣嗘槸錛屽湪浠ュ悗鐨勫瓨鍙栦腑錛屽湪鏍堜笂鐨勬暟緇勬瘮鎸囬拡鎵鎸囧悜鐨勫瓧絎︿覆(渚嬪鍫?/span>)蹇?/span>
姣斿錛?/span>
|
#include void main() { char a = 1; char c[] = "1234567890"; char *p ="1234567890"; a = c[1]; a = p[1]; return; } |
瀵瑰簲鐨勬眹緙栦唬鐮?/span>
|
10: a = c[1]; 00401067 11: a = p[1]; 0040106D 8B 55 EC mov edx,dword ptr [ebp-14h] 00401070 00401073 88 45 FC mov byte ptr [ebp-4],al |
絎竴縐嶅湪璇誨彇鏃剁洿鎺ュ氨鎶婂瓧絎︿覆涓殑鍏冪礌璇誨埌瀵勫瓨鍣?/span>cl涓紝鑰岀浜岀鍒欒鍏堟妸鎸囬拡鍊艱鍒?/span>edx涓紝鍦ㄦ牴鎹?/span>edx璇誨彇瀛楃錛屾樉鐒舵參浜嗐?/span>
7. 灝忕粨錛?/span>
鍫嗗拰鏍堢殑鍖哄埆鍙互鐢ㄥ涓嬬殑姣斿柣鏉ョ湅鍑猴細
浣跨敤鏍堝氨璞℃垜浠幓楗閲屽悆楗紝鍙鐐硅彍錛堝彂鍑虹敵璇鳳級銆佷粯閽便佸拰鍚冿紙浣跨敤錛夛紝鍚冮ケ浜嗗氨璧幫紝涓嶅繀鐞嗕細鍒囪彍銆佹礂鑿滅瓑鍑嗗宸ヤ綔鍜屾礂紕椼佸埛閿呯瓑鎵熬宸ヤ綔錛屼粬鐨勫ソ澶勬槸蹇嵎錛屼絾鏄嚜鐢卞害灝忋?/span>
浣跨敤鍫嗗氨璞℃槸鑷繁鍔ㄦ墜鍋氬枩嬈㈠悆鐨勮彍鑲達紝姣旇緝楹葷儲錛屼絾鏄瘮杈冪鍚堣嚜宸辯殑鍙e懗錛岃屼笖鑷敱搴﹀ぇ銆?/span>
鍫嗗拰鏍堢殑鍖哄埆涓昏鍒嗭細
鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鏂歸潰鐨勫爢鍜屾爤錛屽涓婇潰璇寸殑閭d簺錛屼笉澶氳浜嗐?/span>
榪樻湁灝辨槸鏁版嵁緇撴瀯鏂歸潰鐨勫爢鍜屾爤錛岃繖浜涢兘鏄笉鍚岀殑姒傚康銆傝繖閲岀殑鍫嗗疄闄呬笂鎸囩殑灝辨槸錛堟弧瓚沖爢鎬ц川鐨勶級浼樺厛闃熷垪鐨勪竴縐嶆暟鎹粨鏋勶紝絎?/span>1涓厓绱犳湁鏈楂樼殑浼樺厛鏉冿紱鏍堝疄闄呬笂灝辨槸婊¤凍鍏堣繘鍚庡嚭鐨勬ц川鐨勬暟瀛︽垨鏁版嵁緇撴瀯銆?/span>
銆傚叾浜屽浠ュ悗涓嶆兂浠庝簨緗戦〉璁捐鐨勫悓瀛︽潵璇達紝涔熸病浠涔堟剰涔夛紝浠庣涓嬈¤繃鍚庡氨鍦ㄤ篃娌$湅瑙侀偅涓?#8220;鐗?#8221;鑰佸笀錛屽彟澶栦竴涓佸笀涓婅鏍規湰閮芥病璁蹭竴鍙ワ紝鍙槸鍙垜浠収鐫鍋氥傚搸錛屽ソ澶氬悓瀛﹁繛浠涔堝彨闈欐佺綉欏靛拰鍔ㄦ佺綉欏甸兘涓嶇煡閬撳憿錛屼互鍓嶄篃浠庢病鐢╠reamweaver mx……澶氭病鎰忎箟銆傚叾涓夛紝瀵逛簬娣鋒椂闂寸殑鍚屽鏉ヨ灝變笉鍚屼簡鍝堬紝浠栦滑涓嶄粎鎶婁袱澶╃殑鏃墮棿緇欐販榪囧幓浜嗭紝榪樿嚜浠ヤ負鑷繁鍙堟帉鎻′簡涓欏瑰楂樻繁鐨勬妧鏈簡錛屽搸錛岀幇鍦ㄧ殑浜洪兘TMD澶?#8230;…
2005騫?鏈?/span>
浠婂ぉ錛屾垜鍥炲浜?/span>“寮澶嶅鐢熺綉”寮閫氫互鏉ョ殑絎?000涓棶棰樸傚叧鎺夌數鑴戝悗錛屽緇堟湁涓灝佸鐢熸潵淇¤惁緇曞湪鎴戠殑鑴戞搗閲岋紝鎸ヤ箣涓嶅幓錛?/span>
寮澶嶈佸笀錛?/span>
灝辮姣曚笟浜嗐?/span>
鍥炲ご鐪嬭嚜宸辨墍璋撶殑澶у鐢熸椿錛?/span>
鎴戞兂鍝紝涓嶆槸鍥犱負紱誨埆錛岃屾槸鍥犱負浠涔堥兘娌″鍒般?/span>
鎴戜笉鐭ワ紝綆鍘嗚鎬庝箞鍐欙紝鑻ユ槸浠ュ線鎴戜細璁╁畠絀虹櫧銆?/span>
鏈澶х殑鏀惰幏涔熻鏄?#8230;…瀵逛粈涔堥兘娌℃湁鐨勫繊鑰愬拰閫傚簲……
榪欏皝鏉ヤ俊閬撳嚭浜嗕笉灝戝ぇ涓夈佸ぇ鍥涘鐢熺殑蹇冨0銆傚ぇ瀛︽湡闂達紝鏈夎澶氬鐢熸斁浠昏嚜宸便佽櫄搴﹀厜闃達紝榪樻湁璁稿瀛︾敓濮嬬粓涔熸壘涓嶅埌姝g‘鐨勫涔犳柟鍚戙傚綋浠栦滑琚涓嬈¤ˉ鑰冮氱煡鍞ら啋鏃訛紝褰撲粬浠敹鍒扮涓灝佹潵鑷簲鑱樹紒涓氱殑濠夋嫆淇℃椂錛岃繖浜涘鐢熸墠鎯婅鍦板彂鐜幫紝鑷繁鐨勫墠閫旀槸閭d箞娓鴻尗錛屼竴鍒囧姫鍔涗技涔庨兘涓烘椂宸叉櫄……
榪?/span>“絎洓灝佷俊”鏄啓緇欓偅浜涘笇鏈涙棭浜涗粠鎳墊噦涓閱掕繃鏉ョ殑澶у鐢燂紝閭d簺浠庢湭璐潯騫跺笇鏈涙妸鎻¤嚜宸辯殑鍓嶉斿拰鍛借繍鐨勫ぇ瀛︾敓浠ュ強閭d簺鍗沖皢榪堣繘澶у闂ㄦ鐨勬湭鏉ュぇ瀛︾敓浠殑銆傚湪榪欏皝淇′腑錛屾垜鎯沖鎵鏈夊悓瀛﹁錛?/span>
澶у鏄漢涓鐢熶腑鏈涓哄叧閿殑闃舵銆備粠鍏ュ鐨勭涓澶╄搗錛屼綘灝卞簲褰撳澶у鍥涘勾鏈変竴涓紜殑璁よ瘑鍜岃鍒掋備負浜嗗湪瀛︿範涓韓鍙楀埌鏈澶х殑蹇箰錛屼負浜嗗湪姣曚笟鏃舵壘鍒拌嚜宸辨渶鍠滅埍鐨勫伐浣滐紝姣忎竴涓垰榪涘叆澶у鏍″洯鐨勪漢閮藉簲褰撴帉鎻′竷欏瑰涔狅細瀛︿範鑷慨涔嬮亾銆佸熀紜鐭ヨ瘑銆佸疄璺佃瘡閫氥佸煿鍏誨叴瓚c佺Н鏋佷富鍔ㄣ佹帉鎺ф椂闂淬佷負浜哄浜嬨傚彧瑕佸仛濂戒簡榪欎竷鐐癸紝澶у鐢熶復鍒版瘯涓氭椂鐨勬渶澶ф敹鑾峰氨緇濅笉浼氭槸“瀵逛粈涔堥兘娌℃湁鐨勫繊鑰愬拰閫傚簲”錛岃屽簲褰撴槸“瀵逛粈涔堥兘鍙互鏈夌殑鑷俊鍜屾復鏈?/span>”銆傚彧瑕佸仛濂戒簡榪欎竷鐐癸紝浣犲氨鑳芥垚涓轟竴涓湁娼滃姏銆佹湁鎬濇兂銆佹湁浠峰箋佹湁鍓嶉旂殑蹇箰鐨勬瘯涓氱敓銆?/span>
澶у錛氫漢鐢熺殑鍏抽敭
澶у鏄漢鐢熺殑鍏抽敭闃舵銆傝繖鏄洜涓猴紝榪涘叆澶у鏄綘涓鐢熶腑絎竴嬈℃斁涓嬮珮鑰冪殑閲嶆媴錛屽紑濮嬭拷閫愯嚜宸辯殑鐞嗘兂銆佸叴瓚c傝繖鏄綘絎竴嬈$寮瀹跺涵鐢熸椿錛岀嫭绔嬪弬涓庡洟浣撳拰紺句細鐢熸椿銆傝繖鏄綘絎竴嬈′笉鍐嶅崟綰湴瀛︿範鎴栬儗璇典功鏈笂鐨勭悊璁虹煡璇嗭紝鑰屾槸鏈夋満浼氬湪瀛︿範鐞嗚鐨勫悓鏃朵翰韜疄璺點傝繖鏄綘絎竴嬈′笉鍐嶇敱鐖舵瘝瀹夋帓鐢熸椿鍜屽涔犱腑鐨勪竴鍒囷紝鑰屾槸鏈夎凍澶熺殑鑷敱澶勭疆鐢熸椿鍜屽涔犱腑閬囧埌鐨勫悇綾婚棶棰橈紝鏀厤鎵鏈夊睘浜庤嚜宸辯殑鏃墮棿銆?/span>
澶у鏄漢鐢熺殑鍏抽敭闃舵銆傝繖鏄洜涓猴紝榪欐槸浣犱竴鐢熶腑鏈鍚庝竴嬈℃湁鏈轟細緋葷粺鎬у湴鎺ュ彈鏁欒偛銆傝繖鏄綘鏈鍚庝竴嬈¤兘澶熷叏蹇冨緩绔嬩綘鐨勭煡璇嗗熀紜銆傝繖鍙兘鏄綘鏈鍚庝竴嬈″彲浠ュ皢澶ф鏃墮棿鐢ㄤ簬瀛︿範鐨勪漢鐢熼樁孌碉紝涔熷彲鑳芥槸鏈鍚庝竴嬈″彲浠ユ嫢鏈夎緝楂樼殑鍙鎬с佸彲浠ヤ笉鏂慨姝h嚜鎴戠殑鎴愰暱鍘嗙▼銆傝繖涔熻鏄綘鏈鍚庝竴嬈¤兘鍦ㄧ浉瀵瑰瀹圭殑錛屽彲浠ョ疆韜叾涓涔犱負浜哄涓栦箣閬撶殑鐞嗘兂鐜銆?/span>
澶у鏄漢鐢熺殑鍏抽敭闃舵銆傚湪榪欎釜闃舵閲岋紝鎵鏈夊ぇ瀛︾敓閮藉簲褰撹鐪熸妸鎻℃瘡涓涓?/span>“絎竴嬈?/span>”錛岃瀹冧滑鎴愪負鏈潵浜虹敓閬撹礬鐨勫熀鐭籌紱鍦ㄨ繖涓樁孌甸噷錛屾墍鏈夊ぇ瀛︾敓涔熻鐝嶆儨姣忎竴涓?/span>“鏈鍚庝竴嬈?/span>”錛屼笉瑕佽鑷繁鍦ㄤ笉榪滅殑灝嗘潵榪芥倲鑾強銆傚湪澶у鍥涘勾閲岋紝澶у搴旇鍔姏緙栫粐鑷繁鐨勬ⅵ鎯籌紝鏄庣‘鑷繁鐨勬柟鍚戯紝濂犲畾鑷繁鐨勫熀紜銆?/span>
鎴戜滑鍙互鐢ㄤ笅鍥炬潵鎻忚堪澶у鍥涘勾鍦ㄤ漢涓鐢熶腑鐨勫湴浣嶅拰浠峰鹼細
鎴戜滑鍙互鐪嬪嚭錛屽ぇ瀛︽槸涓鐢熶腑瀛︿範鑳藉姏杞彉鏈澶х殑鏃跺欙紝鏄妸“鍩虹瀛︿範”鍜?/span>“榪涘叆紺句細”榪欎袱涓樁孌佃鎺ヨ搗鏉ョ殑閲嶈鏃舵湡銆傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄥぇ瀛﹀洓騫翠腑錛岃鍔姏鍩瑰吇鑷繁鐨勫涔犺兘鍔涳紝鎻愰珮鑷繁鐨勫涔犲鐣岋紝璁╄嚜宸辨垚涓轟竴涓搮闀跨粓韜涔犵殑浜恒?/span>
澶у鍥涘勾姣忎釜浜洪兘鍙湁涓嬈★紝澶у鍥涘勾搴旇榪欎箞搴﹁繃……
鑷慨涔嬮亾錛氫粠涓句竴鍙嶄笁鍒版棤甯堣嚜閫?/span>
璁板緱鎴戝湪鍝ヤ雞姣斾簹澶у浠誨姪鏁欐椂錛屾浘鏈変綅涓浗瀛︾敓鐨勫闀垮悜鎴戞姳鎬ㄨ錛?/span>“浣犱滑澶у閲屽埌搴曞湪鏁欎簺浠涔堬紵鎴戝瀛愯瀹屼簡澶т簩璁$畻鏈虹郴錛屽眳鐒惰繛VisiCalc 閮戒笉浼氱敤銆?/span>”
鎴戝綋鏃跺洖絳旈亾錛?/span>“鐢佃剳鐨勫彂灞曟棩鏂版湀寮傘傛垜浠笉鑳戒繚璇佸ぇ瀛﹂噷鎵鏁欑殑浠諱綍涓欏規妧鏈湪浜斿勾浠ュ悗浠嶇劧綆$敤錛屾垜浠篃涓嶈兘淇濊瘉瀛︾敓鍙互瀛︿細姣忎竴縐嶆妧鏈拰宸ュ叿銆傛垜浠兘淇濊瘉鐨勬槸錛屼綘鐨勫瀛愬皢瀛︿細鎬濊冿紝騫舵帉鎻″涔犵殑鏂規硶錛岃繖鏍鳳紝鏃犺浜斿勾浠ュ悗鍑虹幇浠涔堟牱鐨勬柊鎶鏈垨鏂板伐鍏鳳紝浣犵殑瀛╁瓙閮借兘娓稿垉鏈変綑銆?/span>”
濂規帴鐫闂細“瀛︽渶鏂扮殑杞歡涓嶆槸鏁欒偛錛岄偅鏁欒偛鐨勬湰璐ㄧ┒绔熸槸浠涔堝憿錛?/span>”
鎴戝洖絳旇錛?/span>“濡傛灉鎴戜滑灝嗗榪囩殑涓滆タ蹇樺緱涓騫蹭簩鍑鏃訛紝鏈鍚庡墿涓嬫潵鐨勪笢瑗垮氨鏄暀鑲茬殑鏈川浜嗐?/span>”
鎴戝綋鏃惰鐨勮繖鍙ヨ瘽鏉ヨ嚜鏁欒偛瀹禕. F. Skinner鐨勫悕璦銆傛墍璋?/span>“鍓╀笅鏉ョ殑涓滆タ”錛屽叾瀹炲氨鏄嚜瀛︾殑鑳藉姏錛屼篃灝辨槸涓句竴鍙嶄笁鎴栨棤甯堣嚜閫氱殑鑳藉姏銆傚ぇ瀛︿笉鏄?/span>“鑱屼笟鍩硅鐝?/span>”錛岃屾槸涓涓瀛︾敓閫傚簲紺句細錛岄傚簲涓嶅悓宸ヤ綔宀椾綅鐨勫鉤鍙般傚湪澶у鏈熼棿錛屽涔犱笓涓氱煡璇嗗浐鐒墮噸瑕侊紝浣嗘洿閲嶈鐨勮繕鏄瀛︿範鎬濊冪殑鏂規硶錛屽煿鍏諱婦涓鍙嶄笁鐨勮兘鍔涳紝鍙湁榪欐牱錛屽ぇ瀛︽瘯涓氱敓鎵嶈兘閫傚簲鐬伅涓囧彉鐨勬湭鏉ヤ笘鐣屻?/span>
涓婁腑瀛︽椂錛岃佸笀浼氫竴嬈″張涓嬈¢噸澶嶆瘡涓璇鵑噷鐨勫叧閿唴瀹廣備絾榪涗簡澶у浠ュ悗錛岃佸笀鍙細鍏呭綋寮曡礬浜虹殑瑙掕壊錛屽鐢熷繀欏昏嚜涓誨湴瀛︿範銆佹帰绱㈠拰瀹炶返銆傝蛋涓婂伐浣滃矖浣嶅悗錛岃嚜瀛﹁兘鍔涘氨鏄懼緱鏇翠負閲嶈浜嗐傚井杞叕鍙告浘鍋氳繃涓涓粺璁★細鍦ㄦ瘡涓鍚嶅井杞憳宸ユ墍鎺屾彙鐨勭煡璇嗗唴瀹歸噷錛屽彧鏈夊ぇ綰?0%鏄憳宸ュ湪榪囧幓鐨勫涔犲拰宸ヤ綔涓Н绱緱鍒扮殑錛屽叾浠栫煡璇嗛兘鏄湪鍔犲叆寰蔣鍚庨噸鏂板涔犵殑銆傝繖涓鏁版嵁鍏呭垎琛ㄦ槑錛屼竴涓己涔忚嚜瀛﹁兘鍔涚殑浜烘槸闅句互鍦ㄥ井杞繖鏍風殑鐜頒唬浼佷笟涓珛瓚崇殑銆?/span>
鑷鑳藉姏蹇呴』鍦ㄥぇ瀛︽湡闂村紑濮嬪煿鍏匯傝澶氬悓瀛︽繪槸鎶辨ㄨ佸笀鏁欏緱涓嶅ソ錛屾噦寰椾笉澶氾紝瀛︽牎鐨勮紼嬪畨鎺掍篃涓嶅悎鐞嗐傛垜閫氬父浼氬姖榪欎簺瀛︾敓璇達細“涓庡叾璇呭拻榛戞殫錛屼笉濡傜偣浜湣鐑?/span>”銆?澶у鐢熶笉搴旇鍙細璺熷湪鑰佸笀鐨勮韓鍚庝害姝ヤ害瓚嬶紝鑰屽簲褰撲富鍔ㄨ蛋鍦ㄨ佸笀鐨勫墠闈€備緥濡傦紝澶у鑰佸笀鍦ㄤ竴涓鏃墮噷閫氬父瑕佹兜鐩栬鏈腑鍑犲崄欏電殑淇℃伅鍐呭錛屼粎浠呴氳繃璇懼爞鍚鏄棤娉曟妸鎵鏈夌煡璇嗗閫氥佸閫忕殑銆傛渶濂界殑瀛︿範鏂規硶鏄湪鑰佸笀璁茶涔嬪墠灝辨妸璇炬湰涓殑鐩稿叧闂鐞㈢(娓呮錛岀劧鍚庡湪璇懼爞涓婂鐓ц佸笀鐨勮瑙e譏琛ヨ嚜宸卞湪鐞嗚В鍜岃璇嗕笂鐨勪笉瓚充箣澶勩?/span>
涓鐢熷湪瀛︿範鐭ヨ瘑鏃舵洿澶氬湴鏄拷姹?/span>“璁頒綇”鐭ヨ瘑錛岃屽ぇ瀛︾敓灝卞簲褰撹姹傝嚜宸?/span>“鐞嗚В”鐭ヨ瘑騫跺杽浜庢彁鍑洪棶棰樸傚姣忎竴涓煡璇嗙偣錛岄兘搴斿綋澶氶棶鍑犱釜“涓轟粈涔?/span>”銆備竴鏃︾湡姝g悊瑙d簡鐞嗚鎴栨柟娉曠殑鏉ラ緳鍘昏剦錛屽ぇ瀹跺氨鑳戒婦涓鍙嶄笁鍦板涔犲叾浠栫煡璇嗭紝瑙e喅鍏朵粬闂錛岀敋鑷寵揪鍒版棤甯堣嚜閫氱殑澧冪晫銆?/span>
浜嬪疄涓婏紝寰堝闂閮芥湁涓嶅悓鐨勬濊礬鎴栬瀵熻搴︺傚湪瀛︿範鐭ヨ瘑鎴栬В鍐抽棶棰樻椂錛屼笉瑕佹繪槸姝誨畧涓縐嶆濈淮妯″紡錛屼笉瑕佽鑷繁鎴愪負璇炬湰鎴栫粡楠岀殑濂撮毝銆傚彧鏈夊湪瀛︿範涓暍浜庡垱鏂幫紝鍠勪簬浠庡叏鏂扮殑瑙掑害鍑哄彂鎬濊冮棶棰橈紝瀛︾敓娼滃湪鐨勬濊冭兘鍔涖佸垱閫犺兘鍔涘拰瀛︿範鑳藉姏鎵嶈兘琚湡姝f縺鍙戝嚭鏉ャ?/span>
銆婄ぜ璁?/span>•瀛﹁銆嬩笂璁詫細“鐙鑰屾棤鍙嬶紝鍒欏闄嬭屽闂?/span>”銆備篃灝辨槸璇達紝澶у鐢熷簲褰撳厖鍒嗗埄鐢ㄥ鏍¢噷鐨勪漢鎵嶈祫婧愶紝浠庡悇縐嶆笭閬撳惛鏀剁煡璇嗗拰鏂規硶銆傚鏋滈亣鍒板ソ鐨勮佸笀錛屼綘鍙互涓誨姩鍚戜粬浠鏁欙紝鎴栬呰浠栦滑鎺ㄨ崘涓浜涜澶栫殑鍙傝冭鐗┿傞櫎浜嗚祫娣辯殑鏁欐巿浠ュ錛屽ぇ瀛︿腑鐨勯潚騫存暀甯堛佸崥澹敓銆佺澹敓涔冭嚦鑷繁鐨勫悓鐝悓瀛﹂兘鏄渶濂界殑鐭ヨ瘑鏉ユ簮鍜屽涔犱紮浼淬傛瘡涓漢瀵歸棶棰樼殑鐞嗚В鍜岃璇嗛兘涓嶅敖鐩稿悓錛屽彧鏈変簰甯簰瀛︼紝澶у鎵嶈兘鍏卞悓榪涙銆?/span>
鏈変簺鍚屽鏇懼憡璇夋垜璇達紝浠栦滑寰堢盡鎱曟垜鍦ㄨ涔︽椂鑳芥湁涓浣嶈幏寰楄繃鍥劇伒濂栫殑澶у笀浼犻亾鎺堜笟銆傚叾瀹烇紝铏界劧鎴戦潪甯告帹宕囨垜鐨勮佸笀錛屼絾浠栧湪澶у鏈熼棿騫舵病鏈夋暀緇欐垜澶氬皯涓撲笟鐭ヨ瘑銆備粬鍙槸緇欐垜鎸囨槑浜嗗ぇ鏂瑰悜錛岃鎴戝垎浜粬鐨勭粡楠岋紝緇欐垜鎻愪緵鐮旂┒鐨勮祫婧愶紝騫舵暀鎴戝仛浜虹殑鏂規硶銆備粬娌℃湁鏃墮棿涔熸病鏈夊繀瑕佹寚瀵兼垜瀛︿範鍏蜂綋鐨勪笓涓氱煡璇嗐傛垜鍦ㄥぇ瀛︽湡闂寸Н绱殑涓撲笟鐭ヨ瘑閮芥槸閫氳繃鑷鑾峰緱鐨勩傚垰鍏ラ棬鏃訛紝鎴戞浘澶氭綰㈢潃鑴稿悜鎴戠殑甯堝厔璇鋒暀鏈鍩烘湰鐨勭煡璇嗗唴瀹癸紝寮浼氳璁烘椂鎴戞浘闂繃涓嶅皯鑲ゆ祬鐨勯棶棰橈紝璇句綑鏃墮棿鎴戣繕涓誨姩涓庡悓瀛︽帰璁ㄣ佸垏紓嬨?/span>“涓変漢琛屽繀鏈夋垜甯?/span>”錛屽ぇ瀛︾敓鐨勫懆鍥村埌澶勬槸鑹笀鐩婂弸銆傚彧瑕佺弽鎯滆繖浜涢毦寰楃殑鏈轟細錛屽ぇ鑳嗗彂闂紝緇忓父鍒囩錛屾垜浠氨鑳藉鍒版渶鏈夌敤鐨勭煡璇嗗拰鏂規硶銆?/span>
澶у鐢熷簲璇ュ厖鍒嗗埄鐢ㄥ浘涔﹂鍜屼簰鑱旂綉錛屽煿鍏葷嫭绔嬪涔犲拰鐮旂┒鐨勬湰棰嗭紝涓洪傚簲浠婂悗鐨勫伐浣滄垨榪涗竴姝ョ殑娣遍犲仛鍑嗗銆傞鍏堬紝闄や簡瀛︿範鑰佸笀瑙勫畾鐨勮紼嬩互澶栵紝澶у鐢熶竴瀹氳瀛︿細鏌ユ壘涔︾睄鍜屾枃鐚紝浠ヤ究鎺ヨЕ鏇村箍娉涚殑鐭ヨ瘑鍜岀爺絀舵垚鏋溿備緥濡傦紝褰撴垜浠湪涓闂ㄨ涓婂彂鐜頒簡鑷繁鎰熷叴瓚g殑璇鵑錛屽氨搴斿綋縐瀬鍘誨浘涔﹂鏌ラ槄鐩稿叧鏂囩尞錛屼簡瑙h繖涓棰樼殑鏉ラ緳鍘昏剦鍜岀洰鍓嶇殑鐮旂┒鍔ㄦ併傜啛緇冨拰鍏呭垎鍦頒嬌鐢ㄥ浘涔﹂璧勬簮錛岃繖鏄ぇ瀛︾敓鐗瑰埆鏄偅浜涙湁蹇椾簬縐戝鐮旂┒鐨勫ぇ瀛︾敓鐨勫繀澶囨妧鑳戒箣涓銆傝涔︽椂錛屽簲灝介噺澶氳涓浜涜嫳鏂囧師鐗堟暀鏉愩傛湁浜涘師鐗堟暀鏉愬啓寰楁繁鍏ユ祬鍑猴紝闄勬湁澶ч噺瀹炰緥錛屾瘮涓枃鏁欐潗榪橀備簬鑷銆傚叾嬈★紝鍦ㄤ功鏈箣澶栵紝浜掕仈緗戜篃鏄竴涓法澶х殑璧勬簮搴擄紝澶у鐢熶滑鍙互鍊熷姪鎼滅儲寮曟搸鍦ㄧ綉涓婃煡鎵懼悇綾諱俊鎭?/span>“寮澶嶅鐢熺綉”寮閫氬崐騫翠互鏉ワ紝鎴戝彂鐜板緢澶氬悓瀛﹀叾瀹炲茍娌℃湁寰堝ソ鍦版帉鎻′簰鑱旂綉鐨勬悳绱㈡妧宸э紝鏈夋椂浠栦滑鎻愬嚭鐨勯棶棰樺彧瑕佸湪鎼滅儲寮曟搸涓畝鍗曟绱竴涓嬶紝灝辮兘杞繪槗鎵懼埌絳旀銆傝繕鏈変簺鍚屽寰堝鏄撶浉淇$綉涓婄殑璋h█錛岃屼笉浼氬埄鐢ㄦ悳绱㈠紩鎿庤嚜宸辨煡鑰冦佹眰璇併傞櫎浜嗘悳绱㈠紩鎿庝互澶栵紝緗戜笂榪樻湁璁稿緗戠珯鍜岀ぞ鍖轟篃鏄緢濂界殑瀛︿範鍥湴銆?/span>
鑷鏃訛紝涓嶈鍥犱負杈懼埌浜嗗鏍$殑瑕佹眰灝辨簿娌捐嚜鍠滐紝涔熶笉瑕佽涓鴻嚜宸卞湪澶у閲屽姛璇懼ソ灝辮凍澶熶簡銆傚湪浜屽崄涓涓栫邯鐨勪粖澶╋紝浜烘墠宸茬粡鍙樻垚浜嗕竴涓浗闄呭寲鐨勬蹇點傚綋浣犲鑷繁鐨勬垚緇╂劅鍒版弧鎰忔椂錛屾垜寤鴻浣犲紑濮嬭嚜瀛︿竴浜涘浗闄呬竴嫻佸ぇ瀛︾殑璇劇▼銆備緥濡傦紝緹庡浗楹葷渷鐞嗗伐瀛﹂櫌錛圡IT錛夌殑寮鏀懼紡璇劇▼宸茬粡鍦ㄧ綉涓婃棤鍋垮彂甯冨嚭鏉ワ紝澶у涓嶅Θ鍘葷湅鐪婱IT鐨勭綉涓婅紼嬶紝鍋氬仛MIT鐨勭綉涓婅瘯棰樸傚綋浣犲彲浠ヨ嚜濡傚湴鎺屾彙MIT璇劇▼鏃訛紝浣犲氨鍙互鏇村姞鑷俊鍦伴潰瀵瑰浗闄呭寲鐨勬寫鎴樹簡銆?/span>
鎬諱箣錛屽杽浜庝婦涓鍙嶄笁錛屽浼氭棤甯堣嚜閫氾紝榪欐槸澶у鍥涘勾涓綘鍙互閫佺粰鑷繁鐨勬渶濂界殑紺肩墿銆?/span>
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铏界劧鎴戜竴鍚戦紦鍔卞ぇ瀹惰拷瀵昏嚜宸辯殑鍏磋叮錛屼絾鍦ㄨ繖閲屼粛闇寮鴻皟錛岀敓媧諱腑鏈変簺浜嬫儏鍗充究涓嶆劅鍏磋叮涔熸槸蹇呴』瑕佸仛鐨勩備緥濡傦紝鎵撳ソ鍩虹錛屽濂芥暟瀛︺佽嫳璇拰璁$畻鏈虹殑浣跨敤灝辨槸榪欎竴綾誨繀欏誨仛鐨勪簨鎯呫傚鏋滀綘瀵規暟瀛︺佽嫳璇拰璁$畻鏈烘湁鍏磋叮錛岄偅浣犳槸騫歌繍鍎匡紝鍙互浜彈瀛︿範鐨勪箰瓚o紱浣嗗氨綆椾綘娌℃湁鍏磋叮錛屼綘涔熷繀欏繪妸榪欎簺鍩虹鎵撳ソ銆傛墦鍩虹鏄嫤鍔熷か錛屼笉鎰垮悆鑻︽槸涓嶈兘淇緱姝f灉鐨勩?/span>
瀹炶返璐氾細“鍋氳繃鐨勬墠鐪熸鏄庣櫧”
涓婇珮涓椂錛岃澶氬鐢熶細鍚戣佸笀鎻愬嚭“涓轟粈涔堬紵鏈変粈涔堢敤錛?/span>”鐨勯棶棰橈紝閫氬父錛岃佸笀緇欏嚭鐨勭瓟妗堥兘鏄?/span>“涓嶅噯闂?/span>”銆傝繘鍏ュぇ瀛﹀悗錛岃繖浜涢棶棰樼殑絳旀搴旇鏄?/span>“涓嶅噯涓嶉棶”銆傚湪澶у閲岋紝鍚屽浠簲璇ユ噦寰楁瘡涓涓縐戠殑鐭ヨ瘑銆佺悊璁恒佹柟娉曚笌鍏蜂綋鐨勫疄璺點佸簲鐢ㄥ浣曠粨鍚堣搗鏉ワ紝灝ゅ叾鏄伐縐戠殑瀛︾敓鏇存槸濡傛銆?/span>
鏈変竴鍙ュ叧浜庡疄璺電殑璋氳鏄繖鏍瘋鐨勶細“鎴戝惉鍒扮殑浼氬繕鎺夛紝鎴戠湅鍒扮殑鑳借浣忥紝鎴戝仛榪囩殑鎵嶇湡姝f槑鐧姐?/span>”
鏃犺瀛︿範浣曠涓撲笟銆佷綍縐嶈紼嬶紝濡傛灉鑳藉湪瀛︿範涓姫鍔涘疄璺碉紝鍋氬埌铻嶄細璐氾紝鎴戜滑灝卞彲浠ユ洿娣卞叆鍦扮悊瑙g煡璇嗕綋緋伙紝鍙互鐗㈢墷鍦拌浣忓榪囩殑鐭ヨ瘑銆傚洜姝わ紝鎴戝緩璁悓瀛︿滑澶氶変簺涓庡疄璺電浉鍏崇殑涓撲笟璇俱傚疄璺墊椂錛屾渶濂芥槸鍑犱釜鍚屽鍚堜綔錛岃繖鏍鳳紝鏃㈠彲緇忚繃瀹炶返鐞嗚В涓撲笟鐭ヨ瘑錛屼篃鍙互瀛︿細濡備綍涓庝漢鍚堜綔錛屽煿鍏誨洟闃熺簿紲炪傚鏋滄湁鏈轟細鍦ㄨ佸笀鎵嬩笅鍋氫簺瀹為檯鐨勯」鐩紝鎴栬呰蛋鍑烘牎闂ㄦ墦宸ワ紝鍙涓嶅獎鍝嶈涓氾紝榪欎簺鍋氭硶閮芥槸鍊煎緱榧撳姳鐨勩傚鍑烘墦宸ユ垨鍋氶」鐩椂錛屼笉瑕佸彧鐪嬮噸钖叕寰呴亣錛堥櫎闈炵敓媧諱笂紜疄鏈夊洶闅撅級錛屾湁鏃跺欙紝鍗充究寰呴亣涓嶆弧鎰忥紝浣嗘湁璁稿鍩硅鍜屽疄璺電殑鏈轟細錛屾垜浠篃鍊煎緱涓璇曘?/span>
浠ヨ綆楁満涓撲笟涓轟緥錛屽疄璺電粡楠屽浜庤蔣浠跺紑鍙戞潵璇存洿鏄繀涓嶅彲灝戠殑銆傚井杞叕鍙稿笇鏈涘簲鑱樼▼搴忓憳鐨勫ぇ瀛︽瘯涓氱敓鏈濂芥湁鍗佷竾琛岀殑緙栫▼緇忛獙銆傜悊鐢卞緢綆鍗曪細瀹炶返鎬х殑鎶鏈鍦ㄥ疄璺典腑鎻愰珮銆傝綆楁満褰掓牴緇撳簳鏄竴闂ㄥ疄璺電殑瀛﹂棶錛屼笉鍔ㄦ墜鏄案榪滀篃瀛︿笉浼氱殑銆傚洜姝わ紝鏈閲嶈鐨勪笉鏄湪絎旇瘯涓冮珮鍒嗭紝鑰屾槸瀹炶返鑳藉姏銆備絾鏄紝鍦ㄤ笌涓浗瀛︾敓鐨勪氦嫻佽繃紼嬩腑錛屾垜寰堟儕璁跺湴鍙戠幇錛屼腑鍥芥煇浜涘鏍¤綆楁満緋葷殑瀛︾敓鍒頒簡澶т笁榪樹笉浼氱紪紼嬨傝繖浜涘ぇ瀛﹂噷鐨勬暀瀛︽柟娉曞拰璇劇▼鐨勭‘闇瑕佹洿鏂般傚鏋滀綘涓嶅閥鏄湪榪欐牱鐨勫鏍′腑灝辮錛岄偅浣犲氨搴旇浠庢墦宸ャ佽嚜瀛︽垨涓婄綉鐨勮繃紼嬩腑瀵繪眰瀛︿範鍜屽疄璺電殑鏈轟細銆傚湪緗戜笂鍙互鎵懼埌璁稿瀹炶返欏圭洰錛屼緥濡傦紝鏈変竴鎵圭埍濂界紪紼嬬殑瀛︾敓寤虹珛浜嗕竴涓璁鴻蔣浠舵妧鏈殑緗戠珯錛?www.diyinside.com 錛夛紝鍦ㄥ叾涓叡浜粬浠殑鐭ヨ瘑鍜屽疄璺電粡楠岋紝騫舵垚鍔熶婦鍔炰簡寰堝嬈℃椿鍔紙濡傚湪鍚勫ぇ楂樻牎涓懼姙鏍″洯鎶鏈暀鑲蹭細璁級錛岃繕鍑虹増浜嗗府鍔╁鐢熸彁楂樻妧鏈佽В絳旂枒闅炬柟闈㈢殑鍥句功錛岃緗戠珯鏈夊浣嶆垚鍛樿幏寰椾簡“寰蔣鏈鏈変環鍊肩殑涓撳”鐨勭О鍙楓?/span>
鍩瑰吇鍏磋叮錛氬紑鎷撹閲庯紝绔嬪畾蹇楀悜
瀛斿瓙璇達細“鐭ヤ箣鑰呬笉濡傚ソ涔嬭咃紝濂戒箣鑰呬笉濡備箰涔嬭呫?/span>”鎴戝湪“緇欎腑鍥藉鐢熺殑絎笁灝佷俊”涓浘娣卞叆璁鴻堪浜嗗揩涔愬拰鍏磋叮鏄竴涓漢鎴愬姛鐨勫叧閿傚鏋滀綘瀵規煇涓鍩熷厖婊℃縺鎯咃紝浣犲氨鏈夊彲鑳藉湪璇ラ鍩熶腑鍙戞尌鑷繁鎵鏈夌殑娼滃姏錛岀敋鑷充負瀹冭屽簾瀵濆繕椋熴傝繖鏃跺欙紝浣犲凡緇忎笉鏄負浜嗘垚鍔熻屽涔狅紝鑰屾槸涓轟簡“浜彈”鑰屽涔犱簡銆傚湪“絎笁灝佷俊”涓紝鎴戜篃鏇捐皥鍒版垜鑷繁鏄浣曞湪澶у鏈熼棿鏀懼純浜嗘垜涓嶆劅鍏磋叮鐨勬硶寰嬩笓涓氳岃繘鍏ユ垜鎵鐑埍鐨勮綆楁満涓撲笟瀛︿範鐨勩?/span>
鏈変簺鍚屽闂垜錛屽浣曞儚鎴戜竴鏍瘋兘鎵懼埌鑷繁鐨勫叴瓚e憿錛熸垜瑙夊緱錛岄鍏堣瀹㈣鍦拌瘎浼板拰瀵繪壘鑷繁鐨勫叴瓚f墍鍦細涓嶈鎶婄ぞ浼氥佸浜烘垨鏈嬪弸璁ゅ彲鍜岀湅閲嶇殑浜嬪綋浣滆嚜宸辯殑鐖卞ソ錛涗笉瑕佷互涓烘湁瓚g殑浜嬪氨鏄嚜宸辯殑鍏磋叮鎵鍦紝鑰屾槸瑕佷翰韜綋楠屽畠騫剁敤鑷繁鐨勫ご鑴戝仛鍑哄垽鏂紱涓嶈浠ヤ負鏈夊叴瓚g殑浜嬫儏灝卞彲浠ユ垚涓鴻嚜宸辯殑鑱屼笟錛屼緥濡傦紝鍠滄鐜╃綉緇滄父鎴忓茍涓嶄唬琛ㄤ綘浼氬枩嬈㈡垨鏈夎兘鍔涘紑鍙戠綉緇滄父鎴忥紱涓嶈浠ヤ負鏈夊叴瓚e氨鎰忓懗鐫鑷繁鏈夎繖鏂歸潰鐨勫ぉ璧嬶紝涓嶈繃錛屼綘鍙互灝介噺瀵繪壘澶╄祴鍜屽叴瓚g殑鏈浣崇粨鍚堢偣錛屼緥濡傦紝濡傛灉浣犲鏁板鏈夊ぉ璧嬩絾鍙堝枩嬈㈣綆楁満涓撲笟錛岄偅涔堜綘瀹屽叏鍙互鍋氳綆楁満鐞嗚鏂歸潰鐨勭爺絀跺伐浣溿?/span>
鏈濂界殑瀵繪壘鍏磋叮鐐圭殑鏂規硶鏄紑鎷撹嚜宸辯殑瑙嗛噹錛屾帴瑙︿紬澶氱殑棰嗗煙銆傚敮鏈夋帴瑙︿綘鎵嶈兘灝濊瘯錛屽敮鏈夊皾璇曚綘鎵嶈兘鎵懼埌鑷繁鐨勬渶鐖便傝屽ぇ瀛︽鏄繖鏍蜂竴涓彲浠ヨ浣犳帴瑙﹀茍灝濊瘯浼楀棰嗗煙鐨勭嫭涓鏃犱簩鐨勫満鎵銆傚洜姝わ紝澶у鐢熷簲褰撴洿濂藉湴鎶婃彙鍦ㄦ牎鏃墮棿錛屽厖鍒嗗埄鐢ㄥ鏍$殑璧勬簮錛岄氳繃浣跨敤鍥句功棣嗚祫婧愩佹梺鍚紼嬨佹悳绱㈢綉緇溿佸惉璁插駭銆佹墦宸ャ佸弬鍔犵ぞ鍥㈡椿鍔ㄣ佷笌鏈嬪弸浜ゆ祦銆佷嬌鐢ㄧ數瀛愰偖浠跺拰鐢靛瓙璁哄潧絳変笉鍚屾柟寮忔帴瑙︽洿澶氱殑棰嗗煙銆佹洿澶氱殑宸ヤ綔綾誨瀷鍜屾洿澶氱殑涓撳瀛﹁呫傚綋騫達紝濡傛灉鎴戝彧鏄箹涔栧湴鍒版硶寰嬬郴涓婅錛岃屼笉鍘誨皾璇曟梺鍚綆楁満緋葷殑璇劇▼錛屾垜灝變笉浼氬幓璁$畻鏈轟腑蹇冩墦宸ワ紝涔熶笉鍘繪壘璁$畻鏈虹郴鐨勫姪鏁欏垏紓嬶紝灝辨洿涓嶄細鍙戠幇鑷繁瀵硅綆楁満鐨勬祿鍘氬叴瓚c?/span>
閫氳繃寮鎷撹閲庡拰鎺ヨЕ灝濊瘯錛屽鏋滀綘鍙戠幇浜嗚嚜宸辯湡姝g殑鍏磋叮鐖卞ソ錛岃繖鏃跺氨鍙互鍘誨皾璇曡漿緋葷殑鍙兘鎬с佸皾璇曡澶栧涔犮侀変慨鎴栨梺鍚浉鍏寵紼嬶紱浣犱篃鍙互鍘繪壘涓浜涙墦宸ユ垨鍋囨湡瀹炰範鐨勬満浼氾紝榪涗竴姝ョ悊瑙g浉鍏寵涓氱殑宸ヤ綔鎬ц川錛涙垨鑰咃紝鍔姏鍘昏冭嚜宸辨劅鍏磋叮涓撲笟鐨勭爺絀剁敓錛岄噸鏂拌繘琛屼竴嬈′笓涓氶夋嫨銆傚叾瀹烇紝鏈璇諱粈涔堜笓涓氬茍涓嶈兘瀹屽叏鍐沖畾姣曚笟鍚庣殑宸ヤ綔鏂瑰悜錛屾濡傛垜鎵寮鴻皟鐨勯偅鏍鳳紝澶у鏈熼棿鐨勫涔犺繃紼嬪煿鍏葷殑鏄綘鐨勫涔犺兘鍔涳紝鍙鍏峰浜嗚繖縐嶈兘鍔涳紝鍗充嬌浠庝簨鐨勬槸鍏ㄦ柊鐨勫伐浣滐紝浣犱篃鑳藉湪杈瑰仛杈瑰鐨勮繃紼嬩腑鑾峰彇瓚沖鐨勭煡璇嗗拰緇忛獙銆?/span>
闄や簡“閫変綘鎵鐖?/span>”錛屽ぇ瀹朵篃涓嶅Θ璇曡瘯“鐖變綘鎵閫?/span>”銆傛湁浜涘悓瀛﹀悗鎮旇嚜宸卞湪鍏ュ鏃墮夐敊浜嗕笓涓氾紝浠ヨ嚦浜庡鎵瀛︾殑涓撲笟緙轟箯鍏磋叮錛屾病鏈夊涔犲姩鍔涳紱鏈変簺鍚屽鍒欏洜涓鴻拷瀵誨叴瓚h?/span>“璧扮伀鍏ラ瓟”錛屾瘯涓氬悗鎵嶅彂鐜拌崚搴熶簡鏈笓涓氱殑璇劇▼錛涘彟涓浜涘悓瀛﹀洜涓哄湪瀛︿範涓婇亣鍒頒簡鍥伴毦鎴栧鏈笓涓氭姳鏈夊亸瑙侊紝灝變互鍏磋叮涓哄熷彛錛屼笉鎰挎剰闈㈠鑷繁鐨勪笓涓氥傝繖浜涘仛娉曢兘鏄笉姝g‘鐨勩傚湪澶у涓紝杞郴鍙兘騫朵笉瀹規槗錛屾墍浠ワ紝澶у棣栧厛搴斿敖鍔涜瘯鐫鎶婃湰涓撲笟璇誨ソ錛屽茍鍦ㄥ涔犺繃紼嬩腑閫愭笎鍩瑰吇鑷繁瀵規湰涓撲笟鐨勫叴瓚c傛澶栵紝涓涓笓涓氶噷鍙兘鏈夊緢澶氫笉鍚岀殑棰嗗煙錛屼篃璁鎬綘瀵逛笓涓氶噷鐨勬煇涓涓鍩熶細鏈夊叴瓚c傜幇鍦紝鏈夊緢澶氫笓涓氬彂灞曚簡浜ゅ弶瀛︾錛屼袱涓笓涓氱殑緇撳悎寰寰鏄柊鐨勫闀跨偣銆傚洜姝わ紝鍙澶氭帴瑙︺佸灝濊瘯錛屼綘涔熻灝變細紕板埌鑷繁鐪熸鎰熷叴瓚g殑鏂瑰悜銆?/span>“鏁板瓧絎?/span>”鐨勫彂鏄庝漢鐜嬪潥鍗氬+鍦ㄥ井杞簹媧茬爺絀墮櫌璐熻矗鐢ㄦ埛鐣岄潰鐨勭爺絀訛紝鍙槸璋佸張鑳芥兂鍒頒粬浠庢湰縐戝埌鍗氬+鎵瀛︾殑閮芥槸蹇冪悊瀛︿笓涓氾紝鑰岀敤鎴風晫闈㈠張姝f槸璁$畻鏈哄拰蹇冪悊瀛︿笓涓氱殑鏈浣崇粨鍚堢偣銆傚彟涓鏂歸潰錛屽氨綆椾綘姣曚笟鍚庤浠庝簨鍏朵粬鐨勮涓氾紝浣犱緷鐒跺彲浠ユ妸鑷繁鐨勪笓涓氳濂斤紝榪欏悓鏍瘋兘鎴愪負浣犲湪鏂拌涓氫腑鐨勪紭鍔褲備緥濡傦紝鏈変竴浣嶅悓瀛︿笉鍠滄璇誨伐縐戯紝鎯蟲瘯涓氬悗榪涘叆鏈嶅姟涓氬彂灞曪紝鎴戝氨寤鴻浠栧厛鎶婂伐縐戣濂斤紝灝嗘潵鍙互鍦ㄦ湇鍔′笟涓互綺鵑氭妧鏈綔涓鴻嚜宸辯殑鐗歸暱銆?/span>
浜虹敓鐨勮礬寰堥暱錛屾瘡涓漢閮藉彲浠ユ湁寰堝涓嶅悓鐨勫叴瓚g埍濂姐傚湪榪藉鍏磋叮涔嬪錛屾洿閲嶈鐨勬槸瑕佹壘瀵昏嚜宸辯粓韜笉鍙樼殑蹇楀悜銆傛湁涓鏈功鐨勪綔鑰呮浘璁塊棶浜嗗嚑鐧句釜鎴愬姛鑰咃紝闂粬浠湁鍝歡浜嬫槸浠栦滑浠婂ぉ宸茬粡鎳傚緱錛屼絾鍦ㄥ勾杞繪椂鍗寸暀涓嬩簡閬楁喚鐨勪簨鎯呫傚湪鍙楄鑰呯殑鍥炵瓟涓紝鏈澶氱殑涓縐嶆槸錛?/span>“甯屾湜鍦ㄥ勾杞繪椂灝辨湁鍓嶈緢鍛婅瘔鎴戙侀紦鍔辨垜鍘昏拷瀵昏嚜宸辯殑鐞嗘兂鍜屽織鍚戙?/span>”鐩告瘮涔嬩笅錛屽叴瓚e浐鐒跺叧閿紝浣嗗織鍚戞洿涓洪噸瑕併備緥濡傦紝鎴戠殑蹇楀悜鏄?/span>“浣垮獎鍝嶅姏鏈澶у寲”錛屽騫翠互鏉ワ紝鎴戞湁璁稿鍏磋叮鐖卞ソ錛屽璇煶璇嗗埆銆佸寮堣蔣浠躲佸濯掍綋銆佺爺絀跺埌寮鍙戠殑杞崲銆佺鐞嗗銆佹弧瓚崇敤鎴風殑闇姹傘佹紨璁插拰鍐欎綔銆佸府鍔╀腑鍥藉鐢熺瓑絳夛紝鍏磋叮鍙互鏀瑰彉錛屼絾鎴戠殑蹇楀悜鏄緇堜笉娓濈殑銆傚洜姝わ紝澶у涓嶅繀鎶婃煇縐嶅叴瓚e綋浣滆嚜宸辨渶鍚庣殑鐩爣錛屼篃涓嶅繀鎶婁換浣曚竴縐嶅叴瓚g殑鍙戝睍閬撹礬瀹屽叏鍒囨柇錛屽湪蹇楀悜鐨勬寚寮曚笅錛屼笉鍚岀殑鍏磋叮瀹屽叏鍙互騫寵鍙戝睍錛屽疄鍦ㄥ繀瑕佹椂鍐嶅仛鍑烘渶浣崇殑鎶夋嫨銆傚織鍚戝氨鍍忕綏鐩橈紝鍏磋叮灝卞儚椋庡竼錛屼袱鑰呯浉杈呯浉鎴愩佺己涓涓嶅彲錛屽畠浠彲浠ヨ浣犻┒鍚戠悊鎯崇殑娓咕銆?/span>
縐瀬涓誨姩錛氭灉鏂礋璐o紝鍒涢犳満閬?
鍒涚珛“寮澶嶅鐢熺綉”鏃訛紝鎴戠殑鍒濊》鏄?/span>“甯姪瀛︾敓甯姪鑷繁”銆備絾璁╂垜寰堟儕璁剁殑鏄紝鏇村鐨勫鐢熷笇鏈涙垜鐩存帴甯粬浠仛鍑哄喅瀹氾紝鐢氳嚦浠呭湪綆鐭殑鍑犲彞鑷垜浠嬬粛鍚庡氨鐩存帴瀵規垜璇達細“鍙湁浣犺兘鍛婅瘔鎴戯紝鎴戣鎬庝箞鍋?/span>”銆傞毦閬撲竴涓檶鐢熶漢浼氭瘮浣犳洿鐭ラ亾鑷繁璇ユ庝箞鍋氬悧錛熸垜鎱㈡參璁よ瘑鍒幫紝榪欑琚姩鐨勬濈淮鏂瑰紡鏄粠灝忓湪涓浗鐨勬暀鑲茬幆澧冧腑鍩瑰吇鍑烘潵鐨勩傝鍔ㄧ殑浜烘繪槸涔犳儻鎬у湴璁や負浠栦滑鐜板湪鐨勫鍐墊槸浠栦漢鍜岀幆澧冮犳垚鐨勶紝濡傛灉鍒漢涓嶆寚鐐癸紝鐜涓嶆敼鍙橈紝鑷繁灝卞彧鏈夋秷鏋佸湴鐢熸椿涓嬪幓銆傛寔鏈夎繖縐嶆佸害鐨勪漢錛屼簨涓氳繕娌℃湁寮濮嬶紝鑷繁灝卞凡緇忚鍑昏觸錛屾垜浠庢潵娌¤榪囪繖鏍鋒秷鏋佺殑浜哄彲浠ュ彇寰楁寔緇殑鎴愬姛銆?/span>
浠庡ぇ瀛︾殑絎竴澶╁紑濮嬶紝浣犲氨蹇呴』浠庤鍔ㄨ漿鍚戜富鍔紝浣犲繀欏繪垚涓鴻嚜宸辨湭鏉ョ殑涓諱漢錛屼綘蹇呴』縐瀬鍦扮鐞嗚嚜宸辯殑瀛︿笟鍜屽皢鏉ョ殑浜嬩笟錛岀悊鐢卞緢綆鍗曪細鍥犱負娌℃湁浜烘瘮浣犳洿鍦ㄤ箮浣犺嚜宸辯殑宸ヤ綔涓庣敓媧匯?/span>“璁╁ぇ瀛︾敓媧誨鑷繁鏈変環鍊?/span>”鏄綘鐨勮矗浠匯傝澶氬悓瀛﹀埌浜嗗ぇ鍥涙墠寮濮嬪仛浜虹敓鍜岃亴涓氳鍒掞紝鑰屼竴涓富鍔ㄧ殑瀛︾敓搴旇浠庤繘鍏ュぇ瀛︽椂灝卞紑濮嬭鍒掕嚜宸辯殑鏈潵銆?/span>
縐瀬涓誨姩鐨勭涓姝ユ槸瑕佹湁縐瀬鐨勬佸害銆傚ぇ瀹跺彲浠ョ敤鎴戝湪“絎笁灝佷俊”閲屾帹鑽愮殑鏂規硶錛岀Н鏋佽鍒掕嚜宸辯殑浜虹敓鐩爣錛岃拷瀵誨叴瓚e茍灝濊瘯鏂扮殑鐭ヨ瘑鍜岄鍩熴傜撼綺瑰痙鍥芥煇闆嗕腑钀ョ殑涓浣嶅垢瀛樿呯淮鍏嬫墭•寮楀叞鍏嬪皵鏇捐榪囷細“鍦ㄤ換浣曠壒瀹氱殑鐜涓紝浜轟滑榪樻湁涓縐嶆渶鍚庣殑鑷敱錛屽氨鏄夋嫨鑷繁鐨勬佸害銆?/span>”
縐瀬涓誨姩鐨勭浜屾鏄鑷繁鐨勪竴鍒囪礋璐o紝鍕囨暍闈㈠浜虹敓銆備笉瑕佹妸涓嶇‘瀹氱殑鎴栧洶闅劇殑浜嬫儏涓鍛蟲悂緗搗鏉ャ傛瘮濡傝錛屾湁浜涘悓瀛﹁涓鴻嫳璇噸瑕侊紝浣嗗鏍′笉鑰冭瘯灝變笉瀛﹁嫳璇紱鎴栬咃紝鏈変簺鍚屽瑙夊緱鑷繁闇瑕佸弬鍔犵ぞ鍥㈢(緇冧漢闄呭叧緋伙紝浣嗘槸鍥犱負瀹崇緸灝變笉縐瀬鎶ュ悕銆備絾鏄紝鎴戜滑蹇呴』璁よ瘑鍒幫紝涓嶅幓瑙e喅涔熸槸涓縐嶈В鍐籌紝涓嶅仛鍐沖畾涔熸槸涓涓喅瀹氾紝榪欐牱鐨勮В鍐沖拰鍐沖畾灝嗕嬌浣犻潰鍓嶇殑鏈轟細涓уけ孌嗗敖銆傚浜庤繖縐嶆秷鏋併佽儐鎬殑浣滈錛屼綘緇堟湁涓澶╀細浠樺嚭浠d環鐨勩?/span>
縐瀬涓誨姩鐨勭涓夋鏄鍋氬ソ鍏呭垎鐨勫噯澶囷細浜嬩簨鐢ㄥ績錛屼簨浜嬪敖鍔涳紝涓嶈絳夋満閬囦笂闂紱瑕佹妸鎻′綇鏈洪亣錛屽垱閫犳満閬囥備腑鍥界鎶澶у鏍¢暱鏈辨竻鏃墮櫌澹湪澶т笁鏃惰鍒嗛厤鍒伴潚嫻峰仛閾擱犲伐浜恒備絾浠栦笉鍍忓叾浠栧悓瀛﹂偅鏍鋒斁寮冨涔狅紝鏁村ぉ鎵撴墤鍏嬨佸枬閰掋備粬渚濈劧緇堟棩閽葷爺鏁扮悊鍖栧拰鑻辮銆傚叚騫村悗錛屼腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌瑕佸湪闈掓搗鍋氫竴涓噸瑕佺殑欏圭洰錛岃繖鏃舵湵鏍¢暱灝辮劚棰栬屽嚭錛屽紑濮嬩簡浠栬緣鐓岀殑浜嬩笟銆傚緢澶氫漢鍙兘璇翠粬榪愭皵濂斤紝琚垎閰嶅埌緙轟箯浜烘墠鐨勯潚嫻鳳紝鎵嶆湁榪欐満浼氥備絾鏄紝濡傛灉浠栨病鏈夊姫鍔涘涔狅紝涔熸棤娉曟姄浣忚繖涓満閬囥傛墍浠ワ紝鍋氬ソ鍏呭垎鐨勫噯澶囷紝褰撴満閬囨潵涓存椂錛屼綘鎵嶈兘鎶撲綇瀹冦?/span>
縐瀬涓誨姩鐨勭鍥涙鏄?/span>“浠ョ粓涓哄”錛岀Н鏋佸湴瑙勫垝澶у鍥涘勾銆備換浣曡鍒掗兘灝嗘垚涓轟綘鏌愪釜闃舵鐨勭粓鐐癸紝涔熷皢鎴愪負浣犱笅涓涓樁孌電殑璧風偣錛岃屼綘鐨勫織鍚戝拰鍏磋叮灝嗕負浣犳彁渚涙柟鍚戝拰鍔ㄥ姏銆傚鏋滀笉鐭ラ亾鑷繁鐨勫織鍚戝拰鍏磋叮錛屼綘搴旇椹笂鍋氫竴涓彂鎺樺織鍚戝拰鍏磋叮鐨勮鍒掞紱濡傛灉涓嶇煡閬撴瘯涓氬悗瑕佸仛浠涔堬紝浣犲簲璇ラ┈涓婂埗瀹氫竴涓皾璇曟柊棰嗗煙鐨勮鍒掞紱濡傛灉涓嶇煡閬撹嚜宸辨渶嬈犵己浠涔堬紝浣犲簲璇ラ┈涓婂啓涓浠界畝鍘嗭紝鎵句綘鐨勮佸笀銆佹湅鍙嬫墦鍒嗭紝鎴栬嚜宸卞闃咃紝鐪嬬湅鍝噷闇瑕佹敼榪涳紱濡傛灉姣曚笟鍚庢兂鍑哄浗璇誨崥澹紝浣犲簲璇ユ兂鎯沖浣曡鑷繁鍦ㄧ敵璇峰嚭鍥藉墠鏈夊叿浣撶殑鐮旂┒緇忛獙鍜屽鏈鏂囷紱濡傛灉姣曚笟鍚庢兂榪涘叆鏌愪釜鍏徃宸ヤ綔錛屼綘搴旇鏀墮泦璇ュ叕鍙哥殑鎷涜仒騫垮憡錛屼互渚垮拰浣犺嚜宸辯殑灞ュ巻瀵規瘮錛岀湅鑷繁榪樻瑺緙哄摢浜涚粡楠屻傚彧瑕佽鐪熷埗瀹氥佺鐞嗐佽瘎浼板拰璋冩暣鑷繁鐨勪漢鐢熻鍒掞紝浣犲氨浼氱浣犺嚜宸辯殑鐩爣瓚婃潵瓚婅繎銆?/span>
鎺屾帶鏃墮棿錛氫簨鍒嗚交閲嶇紦鎬ワ紝浜哄簲鑷帶鑷
闄や簡縐瀬涓誨姩鐨勬佸害錛屽ぇ瀛︾敓榪樿瀛︿細瀹夋帓鑷繁鐨勬椂闂達紝綆$悊鑷繁鐨勪簨鍔°備竴浣嶅悓瀛︽槸榪欎箞鎻忚堪澶у鐢熸椿鐨勶細
“澶у鍜岄珮涓浉姣斾技涔庢病鏈変粈涔堝お澶х殑鍖哄埆錛屾瘡澶╀緷鏃ф槸瀛︿範錛屾瘡嬈¤冭瘯鍚庝緷鏃ф槸鎷呭績鑰冭瘯鎴愮嘩……涓嶅悓鐨勫彧鏄ぇ瀛﹂噷涓婄綉鐨勬椂闂村拰鐫¤鐨勬椂闂村浜嗗緢澶氾紝鍘嬪姏涔熷皬浜嗗緢澶氥?/span>”
榪欎綅鍚屽騫朵笉鏄庣櫧錛?/span>“鏃墮棿澶氫簡寰堝”姝f槸澶у涓庨珮涓箣闂村法澶х殑宸埆銆傛椂闂村浜嗭紝灝遍渶瑕佽嚜宸卞畨鎺掓椂闂淬佽鍒掓椂闂淬佺鐞嗘椂闂淬?/span>
瀹夋帓鏃墮棿鍑轟簡鍋氫竴涓椂闂磋〃澶栵紝鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄?/span>“浜嬪垎杞婚噸緙撴?/span>”銆傚湪銆婇珮鏁堣兘浜哄+鐨勪竷涓範鎯嬩竴涔︿腑錛屼綔鑰呭彶钂傝姮•鏌淮鎻愬嚭錛?/span>“閲嶈浜?/span>”鍜?/span>“绱фヤ簨”鐨勫樊鍒槸浜轟滑嫻垂鏃墮棿鐨勬渶澶х悊鐢變箣涓銆傚洜涓轟漢鐨勬儻鎬ф槸鍏堝仛鏈绱фョ殑浜嬶紝浣嗚繖涔堝仛浼氬鑷翠竴浜涢噸瑕佺殑浜嬭鑽掑簾鎺夈備緥濡傦紝鎴戣涓鴻繖綃囨枃绔犻噷璋堝埌鐨勫悇縐嶅涔犻兘鏄?/span>“閲嶈鐨?/span>”錛屼絾瀹冧滑涓嶈寰楅兘鏄佸笀甯冪疆鐨勫繀淇涓氾紝閲囩撼鎴戠殑寤鴻鐨勫悓瀛︿滑渚濈劧浼氬洜涓鴻冭瘯銆佷氦浣滀笟絳夌揣鎬ョ殑浜嬫儏鑰岃崚搴熶簡鎵撳ソ鍩虹銆佸涔犲仛浜虹瓑閲嶈鐨勪簨鎯呫傚洜姝わ紝姣忓ぉ綆$悊鏃墮棿鐨勪竴縐嶅ソ鏂規硶鏄紝鏃╀笂紜畾浠婂ぉ瑕佸仛鐨勭揣鎬ヤ簨鍜岄噸瑕佷簨錛岀潯鍓嶅洖欏句竴涓嬶紝榪欎竴澶╂湁娌℃湁鍋氬埌涓よ呯殑騫寵 銆?/span>
姣忎釜浜洪兘鏈夎澶?/span>“绱фヤ簨”鍜?/span>“閲嶈浜?/span>”錛屾兂鎶婃瘡浠朵簨閮藉仛鍒版渶濂芥槸涓嶅垏瀹為檯鐨勩傛垜寤鴻澶у鎶?/span>“蹇呴』鍋氱殑浜?/span>”鍜?/span>“灝介噺鍋氱殑浜?/span>”鍒嗗紑銆傚繀欏誨仛鐨勪簨瑕佸仛鍒版渶濂斤紝浣嗗敖閲忓仛鐨勪簨灝藉姏鑰屼負鍗沖彲銆傚緩璁ぇ瀹剁敤鑹ソ鐨勬佸害鍜屽騫跨殑鑳告鎺ュ彈閭d簺浣犳殏鏃朵笉鑳芥敼鍙樼殑浜嬫儏錛屽鍏蟲敞閭d簺浣犺兘澶熸敼鍙樼殑浜嬫儏銆傛澶栵紝榪樿娉ㄦ剰鐢熺墿閽熺殑榪愯瑙勫緥錛屾寜鏃朵綔鎭紝鍔抽哥粨鍚堬紝榪欐牱鎵嶈兘鍦ㄥ涔犳椂鏈夋渶濂界殑鐘舵併?/span>
澶у鍥涘勾鏄渶瀹規槗榪峰け鏂瑰悜鐨勬椂鏈熴傚ぇ瀛︾敓蹇呴』鏈夎嚜鎺х殑鑳藉姏錛岃鑷繁浜や簺濂芥湅鍙嬶紝瀛︿簺濂戒範鎯紝涓嶈娌夎糠浜庡鑷繁鏃犵泭鐨勪範鎯紙濡傜綉緇滄父鎴忥級閲屻備竴浣嶇Н鏋併佷富鍔ㄧ殑涓浗瀛︾敓鍦?/span>“寮澶嶅鐢熺綉”涓婂姖鍛婂叾浠栧悓瀛︼細“涓嶈鐜╂父鎴忥紝鑷沖皯涓嶈鐜╃綉緇滄父鎴忋傛垜鎵璁よ瘑鐨勪笓涓氭按騫蟲瘮杈冮珮鐨勫ぇ瀛︽湅鍙嬩腑娌℃湁涓涓帺緗戠粶娓告垙鐨勩傛矇榪蜂簬緗戠粶娓告垙鏄浜庣幇瀹炵殑閫冮伩錛屾槸涓嶆効闈㈠鑷繁涓嶈凍鐨勪竴闈€傛垜璁や負錛岃鑴辯緗戠粶娓告垙錛屽氨寰楃弽鎯滆嚜宸卞疂璐電殑澶у鏃墮棿錛屾壘鍒拌嚜宸辨劅鍏磋叮鐨勬柟鍚戯紝鍋氫竴浜涙湁鎰忎箟騫惰兘緇欒嚜宸卞甫鏉ユ弧瓚蟲劅鐨勪簨鎯呫?/span>”
涓轟漢澶勪簨錛氬煿鍏誨弸鎯咃紝鍙備笌緹や綋
寰堝澶у鐢熷叆鏍℃椂閮芥槸絎竴嬈$寮鐖舵瘝錛岀寮鑷繁鐢熼暱鐨勭幆澧冦傝繘鍏ユ牎鍥紑濮嬮泦浣撶敓媧誨悗錛屽浣曚笌鍚屽銆佹湅鍙嬩互鍙婄ぞ鍥㈢殑鍚屼簨鐩稿灝辨垚涓轟簡澶у鐢熷涔犲唴瀹圭殑涓閮ㄥ垎銆傚ぇ瀛︽槸澶у鏈鍚庝竴嬈″彲浠ュ湪鐩稿瀹芥澗鐨勭幆澧冧腑瀛︿範銆佸煿鍏匯佽緇冨浣曚笌浜虹浉澶勭殑鏈轟細銆傚湪鏈潵錛屼漢浠湪紺句細閲屻佸湪宸ヤ綔涓笌浜虹浉澶勭殑鑳藉姏浼氬彉寰楄秺鏉ヨ秺閲嶈錛岀敋鑷寵秴榪囦簡宸ヤ綔鏈韓銆傛墍浠ワ紝澶у鐢熻濂藉ソ鎶婃彙鏈轟細錛屽煿鍏昏嚜宸辯殑浜ゆ祦鎰忚瘑鍜屽洟闃熺簿紲炪?/span>
“浜洪檯浜ゅ線鑳藉姏涓嶅寮猴紝浜洪檯鍦堝瓙涓嶅騫匡紝浣嗗張娌℃湁浠涔堢壒闀垮彲浠ュ紩璧峰ぇ瀹剁殑娉ㄦ剰錛屽湪紺懼洟閲屼篃涓嶇煡閬撴庝箞鍜屽叾浠栦漢鏈夋晥鍦板緩绔嬭仈緋匯?/span>”榪欐槸涓浜涘ぇ瀛︾敓鍦ㄤ漢闄呬氦寰鏂歸潰緇忓父閬囧埌鐨勫洶鎯戙傚浜庡浣曞湪澶у鏈熼棿鎻愰珮浜洪檯浜ゅ線鑳藉姏錛屾垜鐨勫緩璁槸錛?/span>
絎竴錛屼互璇氬緟浜猴紝浠ヨ矗浜轟箣蹇冭矗宸便佷互鎭曞繁涔嬪績鎭曚漢銆傚鍒漢瑕佹姳鐫璇氭寶銆佸瀹圭殑鑳歌錛屽鑷繁瑕佹鐫鑷垜鎵硅瘎銆佹湁榪囧繀鏀圭殑鎬佸害銆備笌浜轟氦寰鏃訛紝浣犳庢牱瀵瑰緟鍒漢錛屽埆浜轟篃浼氭庢牱瀵瑰緟浣犮傝繖灝卞ソ姣旂収闀滃瓙涓鏍鳳紝浣犺嚜宸辯殑琛ㄦ儏鍜屾佸害錛屽彲浠ヤ粠浠栦漢瀵逛綘嫻侀湶鍑虹殑琛ㄦ儏鍜屾佸害涓竴瑙堟棤閬椼備綘鑻ヤ互璇氬緟浜猴紝鍒漢涔熶細浠ヨ瘹寰呬綘銆備綘鑻ユ晫瑙嗗埆浜猴紝鍒漢涔熶細鏁岃浣犮傛渶鐪熸寶鐨勫弸鎯呭拰鏈闅捐В鐨勪粐鎭ㄩ兘鏄敱榪欑“鍙嶅皠”鍘熺悊閫愭閫犳垚鐨勩傚洜姝わ紝褰撲綘鎯充慨姝e埆浜烘椂錛屼綘搴旇鍏堜慨姝h嚜宸便備綘鎯沖埆浜烘庝箞瀵逛綘錛屼綘灝卞簲璇ユ庝箞瀵逛漢銆備綘鎯充粬浜虹悊瑙d綘錛屼綘灝辮棣栧厛鐞嗚В浠栦漢銆?/span>
絎簩錛屽煿鍏葷湡姝g殑鍙嬫儏銆傚鏋滆兘鍋氬埌絎竴鐐癸紝寰堝澶у鏃剁殑鏈嬪弸灝變細鎴愪負浣犱竴杈堝瓙鐨勭煡宸便傚湪涓璧鋒眰瀛﹀拰瀵繪眰鑷韓鍙戝睍鐨勯亾璺笂錛岃繖鏍風殑鍙嬭皧寮ヨ凍鐝嶈吹銆備氦鏈嬪弸鏃訛紝涓嶈鍙幓鎵句笌浣犳ф儏鐩歌繎鎴栧彧浼氶檮鍜屼綘鐨勪漢鍋氭湅鍙嬨傚ソ鏈嬪弸鏈夊緢澶氱錛氫箰瑙傜殑鏈嬪弸銆佹櫤鎱х殑鏈嬪弸銆佽剼韙忓疄鍦扮殑鏈嬪弸銆佸菇榛橀瓚g殑鏈嬪弸銆佹縺鍔變綘涓婅繘鐨勬湅鍙嬨佹彁鍗囦綘鑳藉姏鐨勬湅鍙嬨佸府浣犱簡瑙h嚜宸辯殑鏈嬪弸銆佸浣犺瀹炶瘽鐨勬湅鍙嬬瓑絳夈傛澶栵紝澶у鏃惰皥鎭嬬埍涔熷彲浠ユ暀浣犲浣曠収欏懼埆浜猴紝澧炶繘鍚岀悊蹇冨拰鑷帶鍔涳紝浣嗘亱鐖辮繖浠朵簨瑕佷竴鍒囬殢緙橈紝涓嶅繀涓轟簡璋堟亱鐖辮岃皥鎭嬬埍銆?/span>
絎笁錛屽涔犲洟闃熺簿紲炲拰娌熼氳兘鍔涖傜ぞ鍥㈡槸寰鐨勭ぞ浼氾紝鍙備笌紺懼洟鏄鍏ョぞ浼氬墠鏈濂界殑紓ㄧ粌銆傚湪紺懼洟涓紝鍙互鍩瑰吇鍥㈤槦鍚堜綔鐨勮兘鍔涘拰棰嗗鎵嶈兘錛屼篃鍙互鍙戞尌浣犵殑涓撲笟鐗歸暱銆備絾鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄紝浣犺鍋氫竴涓瘹蹇冭瘹鎰忕殑鏈嶅姟鑰呭拰蹇楁効鑰咃紝鎴栧湪鎷呬換瀛︾敓宸ヤ綔鏃朵富鍔ㄦ壆婕斿悓瀛﹀拰鑰佸笀涔嬮棿娌熼氭ˉ姊佺殑瑙掕壊錛屽茍浠ユ閿葷偧鑷繁鐨勬矡閫氳兘鍔涳紝涓哄悓瀛﹀拰鑰佸笀鏈嶅姟銆傝繖鏍風殑瀛︿範榪囩▼涔熶笉浼氬緢杞繪澗錛屾尗鎶樻槸鑲畾鏈夌殑錛屼絾鏄笉瑕佺伆蹇冿紝澶у紺懼洟閲岀殑浜洪檯浜ゅ線鏄竴縐嶄笉鐢?/span>“浠樺璐?/span>”鐨勫涔狅紝鐘簡閿欒涔熷彲浠ラ噸澶存潵榪囥?/span>
絎洓錛屼粠鍛ㄥ洿鐨勪漢韜笂瀛︿範銆傚湪鐝駭閲屻佺ぞ鍥腑錛屽瑙傚療鍛ㄥ洿鐨勫悓瀛︼紝鐗瑰埆鏄偅浜涗綘瑙夊緱浜ゅ線鑳藉姏鍜屾矡閫氳兘鍔涚壒鍒己鐨勫悓瀛︼紝鐪嬩粬浠槸濡備綍涓庝漢鐩稿鐨勩傛瘮濡傦紝鐪嬩粬浠浣曞鐞嗕氦寰涓殑鍐茬獊銆佸浣曡鏈嶄粬浜哄拰褰卞搷浠栦漢銆佸浣曞彂鎸ヨ嚜宸辯殑鍚堜綔鍜屽崗璋冭兘鍔涖佸浣曡〃杈懼浠栦漢鐨勫皧閲嶅拰鐪熻瘹銆佸浣曡〃紺鴻禐璁告垨鍙嶅錛屽浣曞湪涓嶅啋鐘粬浜虹殑鎯呭喌涓嬪厖鍒嗗睍紺轟釜鎬х瓑絳夈傞氳繃瑙傚療鍜屾ā浠匡紝浣犳笎娓愬湴浼氬彂鐜幫紝鑷繁鐨勪漢闄呬氦寰鑳藉姏浼氭湁鎰忔兂涓嶅埌鐨勬敼榪涖傚湪瀛︽牎閲岋紝姣忎竴涓湅鍙嬮兘鍙互鎴愪負浣犵殑鑹笀錛屼粬浠殑鐑績銆佸菇榛樸佹満鏅恒佸崥瀛︺佹鐩淬佹矡閫氥佺ぜ璨岀瓑鍝佸痙閮藉彲浠ユ垚涓轟綘鐨勫涔犲璞°傚綋鐒訛紝浣犱篃搴斿綋鎱鋒叏鍦板府鍔╂瘡涓涓湅鍙嬶紝璇曠潃鍋氫粬浠殑鑹笀鍜屾ā鑼冦?/span>
絎簲錛屾彁楂樿嚜韜慨鍏誨拰浜烘牸欖呭姏銆傚鏋滆寰楁病鏈夌壒闀褲佹病鏈夌埍濂藉彲鑳戒細鎴愪負鑷繁浜洪檯浜ゅ線鑳藉姏鎻愰珮鐨勪竴涓殰紕嶏紝閭d箞錛屼綘鍙互鏈夋剰璇嗗湴鍘婚夋嫨鍜屽煿鍏諱竴浜涘叴瓚g埍濂姐傚叡鍚岀殑鍏磋叮鍜岀埍濂戒篃鏄綘涓庢湅鍙嬪緩绔嬫繁鍘氭劅鎯呯殑閫斿緞涔嬩竴銆傚緢澶氬湪浜嬩笟涓婃湁鎵寤烘爲鐨勪漢閮戒笉鏄彧浼氶棴闂ㄨ嫤璇葷殑涔﹀憜瀛愶紝浠栦滑澶у閮芥湁鑷繁鐨勫叴瓚e拰鐖卞ソ銆傛垜鍦ㄥ井杞簹媧茬爺絀墮櫌鐨勫悓浜嬩腑灝辨湁緇樼敾銆佹ˉ鐗屽拰浣撹偛榪愬姩鏂歸潰鐨勯珮鎵嬨備笟浣欑埍濂戒笉浠呮槸浜洪檯浜ゅ線鐨勪竴縐嶆柟寮忥紝榪樺彲浠ヨ澶у鍙戞帢鍑鴻嚜宸卞湪璇諱功浠ュ鐨勬綔鑳姐備緥濡傦紝浣撹偛閿葷偧鏃㈠彲浠ュ彂鎸ヤ綘鐨勮繍鍔ㄦ綔鑳斤紝涔熷彲浠ュ煿鍏諱綘鐨勫洟闃熷悎浣滅簿紲炪傚鏋滅湡鐨勬病鏈変粈涔堝叴瓚g埍濂斤紝閭d箞錛屽璇諱簺濂戒功涓板瘜鑷繁鐨勭煡璇嗕篃鍙互鏀硅繘鑷繁鐨勪漢闄呬氦寰鑳藉姏錛屽洜涓烘病鏈変粈涔堟瘮鏅烘収鍜屾笂鍗氭洿鑳戒綋鐜頒竴涓漢鐨勪漢鏍奸瓍鍔涗簡銆?/span>
鎵浠ワ紝瀛︿細涓庝漢鐩稿錛岃繖涔熸槸澶у涓殑涓闂?/span>“蹇呬慨璇?/span>”銆?/span>
瀵瑰ぇ瀛︾敓浠殑鏈熸湜
韙忓叆澶у鏍¢棬鏃訛紝浣犺繕鏄竴涓繖紕岀殑銆侀潚娑╃殑銆佽鍔ㄧ殑銆佷負鍒嗘暟璇諱功鐨勩佽瀹跺涵鍛墊姢鐫鐨勪腑瀛︽瘯涓氱敓銆?/span>
灝辮澶у鏃訛紝浣犲簲褰撴帉鎻′竷欏瑰涔狅紝瀛﹀ソ鑷慨涔嬮亾銆佸熀紜鐭ヨ瘑銆佸疄璺佃瘡閫氥佸煿鍏誨叴瓚c佺Н鏋佷富鍔ㄣ佹帉鎺ф椂闂淬佷負浜哄浜嬨?/span>
緇忚繃澶у鍥涘勾錛屼綘浼氫粠鎬濊冧腑紜珛鑷垜錛屼粠瀛︿範涓姹傜湡鐞嗭紝浠庣嫭绔嬩腑浣撻獙鑷富錛屼粠璁″垝涓妸鎻℃椂闂達紝浠庤〃杈句腑閿葷偧鍙f墠錛屼粠浜ゅ弸涓搧鍛蟲垚鐔燂紝浠庡疄璺典腑璧㈠緱浠峰鹼紝浠庡叴瓚d腑鏀彇蹇箰錛屼粠榪芥眰涓幏寰楀姏閲忋?/span>
紱誨紑澶у鏃訛紝鍙鍋氬埌浜嗚繖浜涳紝浣犳渶澶х殑鏀惰幏灝嗘槸“瀵逛粈涔堥兘鍙互鎷ユ湁鐨勮嚜淇″拰娓存湜”銆備綘灝辮兘鎴愪負涓涓湁娼滃姏銆佹湁鎬濇兂銆佹湁浠峰箋佹湁鍓嶉旂殑涓浗鏈潵鐨勪富浜虹縼銆?/span>
鎵浠ワ紝澶у鍥涘勾搴旇榪欎箞搴﹁繃銆?/span>
2004騫?鏈?/span>
姝ゅ墠錛屾垜鍜屼腑鍥藉鐢熺殑澶氭浜ゆ祦閮芥槸鍥寸粫濡備綍杈懼埌浼樼鍜屽崜瓚娿佸浣曟垚涓洪瀵間漢鎵嶈屽睍寮鐨勩傛渶榪戯紝鍦ㄦ柊嫻綉鐨勮亰澶╁鍜屾垜鏀跺埌鐨勮澶氱數瀛愰偖浠朵腑錛屾垜鍙戠幇鏇村鐨勪腑鍥藉鐢熼渶瑕佺煡閬撶殑涓嶆槸濡備綍浠庝紭縐鍒板崜瓚婏紝鑰屾槸濡備綍浠庤糠鑼埌縐瀬銆佷粠澶辮觸鍒版垚鍔熴佷粠鑷崙鍒拌嚜淇°佷粠鎯嗘呭埌蹇箰銆佷粠鎭愭儳鍒頒箰瑙傘?/span>
涓涓瀬绔殑渚嬪瓙鏄?004騫?鏈堝彂鐢熷湪浜戝崡澶у鐨勯┈鍔犵埖浜嬩歡銆傞┈鍔犵埖孌嬪繊鍦版潃瀹充簡鑷繁鐨?鍚嶅悓瀛︺備絾浠庨┈瀹剁埖琚崟鍚庝笌蹇冪悊瀛﹀鐨勫璇濆唴瀹圭湅鏉ワ紝浠栧簲璇ヤ笉鏄竴涓偑鎭剁殑浜猴紝鑰屾槸涓涓糠澶辨柟鍚戙佺己涔忚嚜淇°佹ф牸灝侀棴鐨勫瀛愩備粬鍜屽緢澶氬ぇ瀛︾敓涓鏍鳳紝榪垏甯屾湜鐭ラ亾濡備綍鎵嶈兘鑾峰緱鎴愬姛銆佽嚜淇″拰蹇箰銆?/span>
鎴戣繖涓灝佷俊鏄啓緇欓偅浜涙復鏈涙垚鍔熶絾鍙堣寰楁垚鍔熼仴涓嶅彲鍙婏紝娓存湜鑷俊鍗村張鎬繪槸鑷ㄨ嚜鑹撅紝娓存湜蹇箰浣嗗張涓嶇煡蹇箰涓轟綍鐗╃殑瀛︾敓鐪嬬殑銆傚笇鏈涜繖灝佷俊鑳藉甯︾粰璇昏呬竴涓叧浜庢垚鍔熺殑宕柊瀹氫箟錛岄紦鍔辮鑰呰璇嗗拰鑲畾鑷繁錛屽仛涓涓揩涔愮殑浜恒備篃甯屾湜榪欏皝淇¤兘澶熷府鍔╄鑰呯悊瑙f垚鍔熴佽嚜淇°佸揩涔愭槸涓涓壇鎬у驚鐜細浠庢垚鍔熼噷鍙互寰楀埌鑷俊鍜屽揩涔愶紝浠庤嚜淇¢噷鍙互寰楀埌蹇箰鍜屾垚鍔燂紝浠庡揩涔愰噷鍙互寰楀埌鎴愬姛鍜岃嚜淇°?/span>
鎴愬姛灝辨槸鎴愪負鏈濂界殑浣犺嚜宸?/span>
緹庡浗浣滃濞佸粔•紱忓厠綰寵榪囷細“涓嶈绔敖鍏ㄥ姏鍘誨拰浣犵殑鍚屽儦绔炰簤銆備綘搴旇鍦ㄤ箮鐨勬槸錛屼綘瑕佹瘮鐜板湪鐨勪綘寮恒?/span>”
涓浗紺句細鏈変釜閫氱梾錛屽氨鏄笇鏈涙瘡涓漢閮界収涓涓ā寮忓彂灞曪紝琛¢噺姣忎釜浜烘槸鍚?/span>“鎴愬姛”閲囩敤鐨勪篃鏄竴鍏冨寲鐨勬爣鍑嗭細鍦ㄥ鏍$湅鎴愮嘩錛岃繘鍏ョぞ浼氱湅鍚嶅埄銆傚挨鍏舵槸鍦ㄤ粖澶╃殑涓浗,浜轟滑瀵硅儲瀵岀殑榪芥眰棣栧綋鍏跺啿錛屽悇琛屽悇涓?瀵逛竴涓漢鐨勬垚鍔熺殑璇勪環錛屾洿澶氬湴浠ヤ釜浜鴻儲瀵屼負鎸囨爣銆備絾鏄紝鏈変簡鏈濂界殑鎴愮嘩灝辮兘瀵圭ぞ浼氭湁鎵璐$尞鍚楋紵鏈夊悕鍒╁氨涓瀹氳兘蹇箰鍚楋紵
鐪熸鐨勬垚鍔熷簲鏄鍏冨寲鐨勩傛垚鍔熷彲鑳芥槸浣犲垱閫犱簡鏂扮殑璐㈠瘜鎴栨妧鏈紝鍙兘鏄綘涓轟粬浜哄甫鏉ヤ簡蹇箰錛屽彲鑳芥槸浣犲湪宸ヤ綔宀椾綅涓婂緱鍒頒簡鍒漢鐨勪俊浠伙紝涔熷彲鑳芥槸浣犳壘鍒頒簡鍥炲綊鑷垜銆佷笌涓栨棤浜夌殑鐢熸椿鏂瑰紡銆傛瘡涓漢鐨勬垚鍔熼兘鏄嫭涓鏃犱簩鐨勩傛墍浠ワ紝鍑屽織鍐涘湪鍏躲婃垚闀褲嬩竴涔︿腑寰楀嚭鐨勯噸瑕佺粨璁烘槸“鎴愪負鏈濂界殑浣犺嚜宸?/span>”銆備篃灝辨槸璇達紝鎴愬姛涓嶆槸瑕佸拰鍒漢鐩告瘮錛岃屾槸瑕佷簡瑙h嚜宸憋紝鍙戞帢鑷繁鐨勭洰鏍囧拰鍏磋叮錛屽姫鍔涗笉鎳堝湴榪芥眰榪涙錛岃鑷繁鐨勬瘡涓澶╅兘姣旀槰澶╂洿濂姐?/span>
鎴愬姛鐨勭涓姝ワ細鎶婃彙浜虹敓鐩爣錛屽仛涓涓富鍔ㄧ殑浜?/span>
鍦ㄦ柊嫻亰澶╁閲岋紝褰撶綉鍙嬮棶鎴戠殑浜虹敓鐩爣鏄粈涔堟椂錛屾垜鏄繖涔堝洖絳旂殑錛?/span>“浜虹敓鍙湁涓嬈★紝鎴戣涓烘渶閲嶈鐨勫氨鏄鏈夋渶澶х殑褰卞搷鍔涳紙impact錛夛紝鑳藉甯姪鑷繁銆佸府鍔╁搴佸府鍔╁浗瀹躲佸府鍔╀笘鐣屻佸府鍔╁悗浜猴紝鑳藉璁╀粬浠殑鏃ュ瓙榪囧緱鏇村ソ銆佹洿鏈夋晥鐜囷紝鑳藉涓轟粬浠甫鏉ュ垢紱忓拰蹇箰銆?/span>”鎴戝洖絳旇繖涓棶棰樻椂涓濇涓嶉渶瑕佹濊冿紝鍥犱負鎴戜粠澶у浜屽勾綰ц搗灝辨妸“褰卞搷鍔?/span>”褰撲綔鑷繁鐨勪漢鐢熺洰鏍囥?/span>
瀵規垜鏉ヨ錛屼漢鐢熺洰鏍囦笉鏄竴涓彛鍙鳳紝鑰屾槸鎴戞渶濂界殑鏅哄泭錛屽畠鏇懼嬈″府鎴戣В鍐沖伐浣滃拰鐢熸椿涓殑闅鵑銆傛垜褰撳垵鏀懼純鍦ㄧ編鍥界殑宸ヤ綔錛屽彧韜潵鍒頒腑鍥藉垱绔嬪井杞腑鍥界爺絀墮櫌錛屽氨鏄洜涓烘垜瑙夊緱鍚庝竴欏瑰伐浣滄湁鏇村ぇ鐨勫獎鍝嶅姏錛屽拰鎴戠殑浜虹敓鐩爣鏇村姞鍚誨悎銆傛澶栵紝褰撴垜鏀跺埌涓灝佸皝榪瘋尗瀛︾敓鐨勬潵淇★紝緇欎粬浠啓鍥炰俊鏃訛紝鎴戜篃浼氭兂錛?/span>“濡備綍璁╁洖淇℃湁鏇村ぇ鐨勫獎鍝嶅姏錛?/span>”鎴戝厛鍚庡叕寮鐨勪笁灝?/span>“緇欎腑鍥藉鐢熺殑淇?/span>”閮芥槸濡傛璇炵敓鐨勩?/span>
椹姞鐖典篃鎮熷嚭浜嗕粬鐨勪漢鐢熺洰鏍囷紝鍙彲鎯滀粬鏄湪妗堝彂琚崟鍚庢墠鎮熷嚭鐨勩備粬璇達細“濮愶紝鐜板湪鎴戝浣犺涓嬈$湡蹇冭瘽錛屾垜榪欎釜浜烘渶澶х殑闂灝辨槸鍑哄湪鎴戣寰椾漢鐢熺殑鎰忎箟鍒板簳鏄負浜嗕粈涔堬紵……鍦ㄨ繖嬈′簨鎯呬互鍚庯紝姝ゆ椂姝ゅ埢鎴戞槑鐧戒簡錛屾垜閿欎簡銆傚叾瀹炰漢鐢熺殑鎰忎箟鍦ㄤ簬浜洪棿鏈夌湡鎯呫?/span>”濡傛灉椹姞鐖佃兘鏃╁嚑涓湀鎮熷嚭浜虹敓鐩爣錛屼粬鍦ㄥ仛鍌諱簨鍓嶅氨浼氶棶闂嚜宸憋紝鍏呮弧鐪熸儏鐨勭埗姣嶃佸濮愪細鎬庝箞鐪嬪緟榪欎歡浜嬶紵榪欐牱錛屼粬鍙兘灝變笉浼氳蛋涓婃閫斾簡銆?/span>
鎵浠ワ紝鏃犺鏄負浜嗙湡鎯咃紝涓轟簡褰卞搷鍔涳紝榪樻槸涓轟簡蹇箰銆佸浜恒侀亾寰楓佸畞闈欍佹眰鐭ャ佸垱鏂?#8230;…涓鏃︾‘瀹氫簡浜虹敓鐩爣錛屼綘灝卞彲浠ュ儚鎴戜竴鏍峰湪浜虹敓鐩爣鐨勬寚寮曚笅錛屾灉鏂湴鍋氬嚭浜虹敓涓殑閲嶅ぇ鍐沖畾銆傛瘡涓漢鐨勪漢鐢熺洰鏍囬兘鏄嫭鐗圭殑銆傛渶閲嶈鐨勬槸錛屼綘瑕佷富鍔ㄦ妸鎻¤嚜宸辯殑浜虹敓鐩爣銆備絾浣犲崈涓囦笉鑳芥搷涔嬭繃鎬ワ紝鏇翠笉瑕佷負浜嗚拷姹傛墍璋撶殑“宕囬珮”錛屾垨涓轟簡妯′豢浠栦漢鑰岄殢渚跨‘瀹氳嚜宸辯殑鐩爣銆?/span>
閭d箞錛岃鎬庝箞鍘誨彂鐜拌嚜宸辯殑鐩爣鍛紵璁稿鍚屽闂垜浠栦滑鐨勭洰鏍囪鏄粈涔堬紵鎴戞棤娉曞洖絳旓紝鍥犱負鍙湁涓涓漢鑳藉憡璇変綘浜虹敓鐨勭洰鏍囨槸浠涔堬紝閭d釜浜哄氨鏄綘鑷繁銆傚彧鏈変竴涓湴鏂逛綘鑳芥壘鍒頒綘鐨勭洰鏍囷紝閭e氨鏄綘蹇冮噷銆?/span>
鎴戝緩璁綘闂笂鐪肩潧錛屾妸絎竴涓誕鐜板湪浣犺剳嫻烽噷鐨勭悊鎯寵褰曚笅鏉ワ紝鍥犱負涓嶇粡榪囨濊冪殑絳旀鏄渶鐪熻瘹鐨勩傛垨鑰咃紝浣犱篃鍙互鍥為【榪囧幓錛屽湪浣犳渶蹇箰銆佹渶鏈夋垚灝辨劅鐨勬椂鍏夐噷錛屾槸鍚﹀瓨鍦ㄦ煇浜涘叡鍚岀偣錛熷畠浠緢鍙兘灝辨槸鏈鑳芥縺鍔變綘鐨勪漢鐢熺洰鏍囦簡銆傚啀鑰咃紝浣犱篃鍙互鎯寵薄涓涓嬶紝鍗佷簲騫村悗錛屽綋浣犺揪鍒板畬緹庣殑浜虹敓鐘舵佹椂錛屼綘灝嗕細澶勫湪浣曠鐜涓嬶紵浠庝簨浠涔堝伐浣滐紵鍏朵腑鏈蹇箰鐨勪簨鎯呮槸浠涔堬紵褰撶劧錛屼綘涔熶笉濡ㄥ鍜屼翰鍙嬭皥璋堬紝鍚惉浠栦滑鐨勬剰瑙併?/span>
鎴愬姛鐨勭浜屾錛氬皾璇曟柊鐨勯鍩熴佸彂鎺樹綘鐨勫叴瓚?/span>
涓轟簡鎴愪負鏈濂界殑浣犺嚜宸憋紝鏈閲嶈鐨勬槸瑕佸彂鎸ヨ嚜宸辨墍鏈夌殑娼滃姏錛岃拷閫愭渶鎰熷叴瓚e拰鏈鏈夋縺鎯呯殑浜嬫儏銆傚綋浣犲鏌愪釜棰嗗煙鎰熷叴瓚f椂錛屼綘浼氬湪璧拌礬銆佷笂璇炬垨媧楁盡鏃墮兘瀵瑰畠蹇靛康涓嶅繕錛屼綘鍦ㄨ棰嗗煙鍐呭氨鏇村鏄撳彇寰楁垚鍔熴傛洿榪涗竴姝ワ紝濡傛灉浣犲璇ラ鍩熸湁嬋鎯咃紝浣犲氨鍙兘涓哄畠搴熷瘽蹇橀錛岃繛鐫¤鏃舵兂璧蜂竴涓富鎰忥紝閮戒細璺寵搗鏉ャ傝繖鏃跺欙紝浣犲凡緇忎笉鏄負浜嗘垚鍔熻屽伐浣滐紝鑰屾槸涓轟簡“浜彈”鑰屽伐浣滀簡銆傛鏃犵枒闂殑錛屼綘灝嗕細浠庢寰楀埌鎴愬姛銆?/span>
鐩稿鏉ヨ錛屽仛鑷繁娌℃湁鍏磋叮鐨勪簨鎯呭彧浼氫簨鍊嶅姛鍗婏紝鏈夊彲鑳戒竴浜嬫棤鎴愩傚嵆渚夸綘闈犵潃璧勮川鎴栨墠鍗庡彲浠ユ妸瀹冨仛濂斤紝浣犱篃緇濆娌℃湁閲婃斁鍑烘墍鏈夌殑娼滃姏銆傚洜姝わ紝鎴戜笉璧炲悓姣忎釜瀛︾敓閮借拷閫愭渶鐑棬鐨勪笓涓氾紝鎴戣涓猴紝姣忎釜浜洪兘搴斾簡瑙h嚜宸辯殑鍏磋叮銆佹縺鎯呭拰鑳藉姏錛堜篃灝辨槸鎯呭晢涓墍璇寸殑“鑷”錛夛紝騫跺湪鑷繁鐑埍鐨勯鍩熼噷鍏呭垎鍙戞尌鑷繁鐨勬綔鍔涖?/span>
姣斿皵•鐩栬尐鏇捐錛?/span>“姣忓ぉ娓呮櫒褰撲綘閱掓潵鐨勬椂鍊欙紝閮戒細涓烘妧鏈繘姝ョ粰浜虹被鐢熸椿甯︽潵鐨勫彂灞曞拰鏀硅繘鑰屾縺鍔ㄤ笉宸層?/span>”浠庤繖鍙ヨ瘽涓紝鎴戜滑鍙湅鍑轟粬瀵硅蔣浠舵妧鏈殑鍏磋叮鍜屾縺鎯呫?977騫達紝鍥犱負瀵硅蔣浠剁殑鐑埍錛屾瘮灝?/span>•鐩栬尐鏀懼純浜嗘暟瀛︿笓涓氥傚鏋滀粬鐣欏湪鍝堜經緇х畫璇繪暟瀛︼紝騫舵垚涓烘暟瀛︽暀鎺堬紝浣犺兘鎯寵薄浠栫殑娼滃姏灝嗚鍘嬫姂鍒頒粈涔堢▼搴﹀悧錛?002騫達紝姣斿皵•鐩栬尐鍦ㄩ瀵煎井杞?5騫村悗錛屽嵈鍙堟瘏鐒舵妸棣栧腑鎵ц瀹樼殑宸ヤ綔浜ょ粰浜嗛矋灝旈粯錛屽洜涓哄彧鏈夎繖鏍蜂粬鎵嶈兘鎶曡韓浜庝粬鏈鍠滅埍鐨勫伐浣?/span>鈥斺?/span>鎷呬換棣栧腑杞歡鏋舵瀯甯堬紝涓撴敞浜庤蔣浠舵妧鏈殑鍒涙柊銆傝櫧鐒舵瘮灝?/span>•鐩栬尐鏇炬槸涓涓嚭鑹茬殑棣栧腑鎵ц瀹橈紝浣嗗綋浠栨敼浠婚甯蔣浠舵灦鏋勫笀鍚庯紝浠栧鍏徃鐨勬妧鏈柟鍚戝仛鍑轟簡閲嶅ぇ璐$尞錛屾洿閲嶈鐨勬槸錛屼粬鏇存湁嬋鎯呫佹洿蹇箰浜嗭紝榪欎篃榧撹垶浜嗘墍鏈夊憳宸ョ殑澹皵銆?/span>
姣斿皵•鐩栬尐鐨勫ソ鏈嬪弸錛岀編鍥芥渶浼樼鐨勬姇璧勫錛屽崕浼?/span>•宸磋彶鐗逛篃鍚屾牱璁ゅ彲嬋鎯呯殑閲嶈鎬с傚綋瀛︾敓璇蜂粬鎸囩ず鏂瑰悜鏃訛紝浠栨昏繖涔堝洖絳旓細“鎴戝拰浣犳病鏈変粈涔堝樊鍒傚鏋滀綘涓瀹氳鎵句竴涓樊鍒紝閭e彲鑳藉氨鏄垜姣忓ぉ鏈夋満浼氬仛鎴戞渶鐖辯殑宸ヤ綔銆傚鏋滀綘瑕佹垜緇欎綘蹇犲憡錛岃繖鏄垜鑳界粰浣犵殑鏈濂藉繝鍛婁簡銆?/span>”
姣斿皵•鐩栬尐鍜屽崕浼?/span>•宸磋彶鐗圭粰鎴戜滑鐨勫彟涓涓惎紺烘槸錛屼粬浠儹鐖辯殑騫朵笉鏄焊淇楃殑銆佷竴鍏冨寲鐨勫悕鍒╋紝浠栦滑鐨勫悕鍒╂槸浠栦滑鐨勭悊鎯沖拰嬋鎯呭甫鏉ョ殑銆傜編鍥戒竴鎵钁楀悕鐨勭粡綆″闄㈡浘鍋氳繃涓涓皟鏌ワ紝緇撴灉鍙戠幇錛岃櫧鐒跺ぇ澶氭暟瀛︾敓鍦ㄥ叆瀛︽椂閮芥兂榪介愬悕鍒╋紝浣嗗湪鎷ユ湁鏈澶氬悕鍒╃殑鏍″弸涓紝鏈?0%鏄叆瀛︽椂榪介愮悊鎯熾佽岄潪榪介愬悕鍒╃殑浜恒?/span>
鎴戝垰榪涘叆澶у鏃訛紝鎯充粠浜嬫硶寰嬫垨鏀挎不宸ヤ綔銆備竴騫村鍚庢垜鎵嶅彂鐜拌嚜宸卞瀹冩病鏈夊叴瓚o紝瀛︿範鎴愮嘩涔熷彧鍦ㄤ腑娓搞備絾鎴戠埍涓婁簡璁$畻鏈猴紝姣忓ぉ鐤媯鍦扮紪紼嬶紝寰堝揩灝卞紩璧蜂簡鑰佸笀銆佸悓瀛︾殑閲嶈銆傜粓浜庯紝澶т簩鐨勪竴澶╋紝鎴戝仛浜嗕竴涓噸澶х殑鍐沖畾錛氭斁寮冩鍓嶄竴騫村鍦ㄥ叏緹庡墠涓夊悕鐨勫摜浼︽瘮浜氬ぇ瀛︽硶寰嬬郴宸茬粡淇垚鐨勫鍒嗭紝杞叆鍝ヤ雞姣斾簹澶у榛橀粯鏃犲悕鐨勮綆楁満緋匯傛垜鍛婅瘔鑷繁錛屼漢鐢熷彧鏈変竴嬈★紝涓嶅簲嫻垂鍦ㄦ病鏈夊揩涔愩佹病鏈夋垚灝辨劅鐨勯鍩熴傚綋鏃朵篃鏈夋湅鍙嬪鎴戣錛屾敼鍙樹笓涓氫細浠樺嚭寰堝浠d環錛屼絾鎴戝浠栦滑璇達紝鍋氫竴涓病鏈夋縺鎯呯殑宸ヤ綔灝嗕粯鍑烘洿澶х殑浠d環銆傞偅涓澶╋紝鎴戝績鑺辨掓斁銆佺簿紲炴尟濂嬶紝鎴戝鑷繁鎵胯錛屽ぇ瀛﹀悗涓夊勾姣忎竴闂ㄥ姛璇鵑兘瑕佹嬁A銆傝嫢涓嶆槸閭eぉ鐨勫喅瀹氾紝浠婂ぉ鎴戝氨涓嶄細鎷ユ湁鍦ㄨ綆楁満棰嗗煙鎵鍙栧緱鐨勬垚灝憋紝鑰屾垜寰堝彲鑳藉彧鏄湪緹庡浗鏌愪釜灝忛晣涓婂仛涓涓棦涓嶆垚鍔熷張涓嶅揩涔愮殑寰嬪笀銆?/span>
鍗充究濡傛錛屾垜瀵硅亴涓氱殑嬋鎯呰繕榪滀笉鑳藉拰鎴戠埗浜茬浉姣斻傛垜浠庡皬涓鐩翠互涓虹埗浜叉槸涓笉鑻熻█絎戠殑浜猴紝鐩村埌鍘誨勾瑙佸埌鐖朵翰鏈鍠滅埍鐨勪袱涓鐢燂紙浠栦滑鐜板湪閮芥槸鏁欐巿錛夛紝鎴戞墠鐭ラ亾鐖朵翰鏄涔堢儹鐖變粬鐨勫伐浣溿備粬鐨勫鐢熷憡璇夋垜錛?/span>“鏉庤佸笀瑙佸埌鎴戜滑鎬繪槸鐪夊紑鐪肩瑧錛屼粬涓轟簡璁╂垜浠洿鍠滄鎴戜滑鐨勫縐戯紝甯稿湪鎴戜滑鏈鍠滄鐨勯棣嗚璁恒備粬鍦ㄦ垜浠韓涓婅姳鐨勬椂闂村拰閲戦挶錛岃繙榪滆秴榪囦簡浠栧井钖勭殑鏀跺叆銆?/span>”鎴戠埗浜叉槸鍦?0宀侀珮榫勶紝緇忚繃浠庡啗銆佷粠鏀褲佸啓浣滅瓑鑱屼笟鍚庢墠鎵懼埌浜嗕粬鐨勬渶鐖?/span>鈥斺?/span>鏁欏銆備粬榪囦笘鍚庯紝瀛︾敓鍦ㄤ粬鎶藉眽閲屾壘鍒頒粬鍕夊姳鑷繁鐨勪袱鍙ヨ瘽錛?/span>“鑰佺墰鏄庣煡澶曢槼鐭紝涓嶇敤鎵灜鑷韞勩?/span>”鏈浠や漢嬈f叞鐨勬槸錛屼粬鍦ㄤ漢鐢熺殑鏈鍚庝竴孌佃礬涓婏紝鎵懼埌浜嗚嚜宸辯殑鏈鐖便?/span>
閭d箞錛屽浣曞鎵懼叴瓚e拰嬋鎯呭憿錛熼鍏堬紝浣犺鎶婂叴瓚e拰鎵嶅崕鍒嗗紑銆傚仛鑷繁鏈夋墠鍗庣殑浜嬪鏄撳嚭鎴愭灉錛屼絾涓嶈鍥犱負鑷繁鍋氬緱濂藉氨璁や負閭f槸浣犵殑鍏磋叮鎵鍦ㄣ備負浜嗘壘鍒扮湡姝g殑鍏磋叮鍜屾縺鎯咃紝浣犲彲浠ラ棶鑷繁錛氬浜庢煇浠朵簨錛屼綘鏄惁鍗佸垎娓存湜閲嶅瀹冿紝鏄惁鑳芥剦蹇湴銆佹垚鍔熷湴瀹屾垚瀹冿紵浣犺繃鍘繪槸涓嶆槸涓鐩村悜寰瀹冿紵鏄惁鎬昏兘寰堝揩鍦板涔犲畠錛熷畠鏄惁鎬昏兘璁╀綘婊¤凍錛熶綘鏄惁鐢辮》鍦頒粠蹇冮噷錛堣屼笉鍙槸浠庤剳嫻烽噷錛夊枩鐖卞畠錛熶綘鐨勪漢鐢熶腑鏈蹇箰鐨勪簨鎯呮槸涓嶆槸鍜屽畠鏈夊叧錛熷綋浣犺繖鏍烽棶鑷繁鏃訛紝娉ㄦ剰涓嶈鎶婁綘鐖舵瘝鐨勬湡鏈涖佺ぞ浼氱殑浠峰艱鍜屾湅鍙嬬殑褰卞搷铻嶅叆浣犵殑絳旀銆?/span>
濡傛灉浣犺兘鏄庣‘鍥炵瓟涓婅堪闂錛岄偅浣犲氨鏄垢榪愮殑錛屽洜涓哄ぇ澶氭暟瀛︾敓鍦ㄥぇ瀛﹀洓騫撮噷閮藉湪鎽哥儲鎴栨倲鎭ㄣ傚鏋滀綘浠嶆湭鎵懼埌榪欎簺闂鐨勭瓟妗堬紝閭f垜鍙湁涓涓緩璁細緇欒嚜宸辨渶澶氱殑鏈轟細鍘繪帴瑙︽渶澶氱殑閫夋嫨銆傝寰楁垜鍒氳繘鍗″唴鍩?/span>•姊呴殕鐨勫崥澹彮鏃訛紝瀛︽牎鏈変竴涓満鍒訛紝鍏佽瀛︾敓鎸戣佸笀銆傚湪絎竴涓湀閲岋紝姣忎釜鑰佸笀閮戒嬌灝藉叏韜В鏁板惛寮曞鐢熴傛鍥犱負鏈変簡榪欎釜鏈哄埗錛屾垜鎵嶅垢榪愬湴紕板埌浜嗘垜鐨勬仼甯堢憺榪暀鎺堬紝閫夋嫨浜嗘垜鐨勫崥澹鐩?/span>“璇煶璇嗗埆”銆傝櫧鐒跺茍涓嶆槸鎵鏈夊鏍¢兘鏈夎繖鏍風殑鏈哄埗錛屼絾浣犲畬鍏ㄥ彲浠ヨ嚜宸卞幓浜嗚В涓嶅悓鐨勫鏍°佷笓涓氥佽棰樺拰鑰佸笀錛岀劧鍚庝粠涓寫閫変綘鐨勫叴瓚c備綘涔熷彲浠ラ氳繃鍥句功棣嗐佺綉緇溿佽搴с佺ぞ鍥㈡椿鍔ㄣ佹湅鍙嬩氦嫻併佺數瀛愰偖浠剁瓑鏂瑰紡瀵繪壘鍏磋叮鐖卞ソ銆傚敮鏈夋帴瑙︿綘鎵嶈兘灝濊瘯錛屽敮鏈夊皾璇曚綘鎵嶈兘鎵懼埌浣犵殑鏈鐖便?
鎴戠殑鍚屼簨寮犱簹鍕ゆ浘緇忚錛?/span>“閭d簺鏁簬鍘誨皾璇曠殑浜轟竴瀹氭槸鑱槑浜恒備粬浠笉浼氳緭錛屽洜涓轟粬浠嵆浣夸笉鎴愬姛錛屼篃鑳戒粠涓鍒版暀璁傛墍浠ワ紝鍙湁閭d簺涓嶆暍灝濊瘯鐨勪漢錛屾墠鏄粷瀵圭殑澶辮觸鑰呫?/span>”甯屾湜鍚勪綅鍚屽灝藉姏寮鎷撹嚜宸辯殑瑙嗛噹錛屼笉浣嗚兘浠庝腑寰楀埌鏁欑泭錛岃屼笖涔熻兘鎵懼埌鑷繁鐨勫叴瓚f墍鍦ㄣ?/span>
鎴愬姛鐨勭涓夋錛氶拡瀵瑰叴瓚o紝瀹氶樁孌墊х洰鏍囷紝涓姝ユ榪堣繘
鎵懼埌浜嗕綘鐨勫叴瓚o紝涓嬩竴姝ヨ鍋氱殑灝辨槸鍒跺畾鍏蜂綋鐨勯樁孌墊х洰鏍囷紝涓姝ユ鍚戣嚜宸辯殑鐞嗘兂榪堣繘銆?/span>
棣栧厛錛屼綘搴斿瑙傚湴璇勪及璺濈鑷繁鐨勫叴瓚e拰鐞嗘兂榪樺樊浜涗粈涔堬紵鏄渶瑕佸涔犱竴闂ㄨ銆佽涓鏈功銆佸仛涓涓洿鍚堢兢鐨勪漢銆佹帶鍒惰嚜宸辯殑鑴炬皵榪樻槸鎴愪負鏇村ソ鐨勬紨璁茶咃紵鍗佷簲騫村悗鎴愪負鏈濂界殑鑷繁鍜屼粖澶╃殑鑷繁浼氭湁浠涔堝樊鍒紵榪樻槸鍏朵粬鏂歸潰錛熶綘搴斿敖鍔涘譏琛ヨ繖浜涘樊璺濄備緥濡傦紝褰撴垜鍐沖畾鎴戜竴鐢熺殑鐩殑鏄璁╂垜鐨勫獎鍝嶅姏鏈澶у寲鏃訛紝鎴戝彂鐜版垜鏈嬈犵己鐨勬槸婕旇鍜屾矡閫氳兘鍔涖傛垜浠ュ墠鏄竴涓拰浜轟氦璋堥兘浼氳劯綰紝涓婂彴婕旇灝變細鎭愭儳鐨勫鐢熴傛垜鍋氬姪鏁欐椂琛ㄧ幇鐗瑰埆宸紝瀛︾敓鐢氳嚦緇欐垜鍙栦簡涓?/span>“寮澶嶅墽鍦?/span>”鐨勭話鍙楓傚洜姝わ紝涓轟簡瀹炵幇鎴戠殑鐞嗘兂錛屾垜緇欒嚜宸辮瀹氫簡澶氫釜鎻愰珮婕旇鍜屾矡閫氭妧宸х殑鍏蜂綋鐩爣銆?/span>
鍏舵錛屼綘搴斿畾闃舵鎬х殑銆佸叿浣撶殑鐩爣錛屽啀鍏呭垎鍙戞尌涓浗浜虹殑浼犵粺緹庡痙鈥斺?/span>鍕ゅ銆佸悜涓婂拰姣呭姏錛屽姫鍔涘畬鎴愮洰鏍囥傛瘮濡傦紝鎴戣姹傝嚜宸辨瘡涓湀鍋氫袱嬈℃紨璁詫紝鑰屼笖姣忔閮借鎴戠殑鍚屽鎴栨湅鍙嬪幓鏃佸惉錛岀粰鎴戝弽棣堟剰瑙併傛垜瀵硅嚜宸辨壙璇猴紝涓嶆帓緇冧笁嬈★紝鍐充笉涓婂彴婕旇銆傛垜瑕佹眰鑷繁姣忎釜鏈堝幓鍚紨璁詫紝騫跺悜浼樼鐨勬紨璁茶呮眰鏁欍傛湁涓涓紨璁茶呮暀浜嗘垜鍏嬫湇鎭愭儳鐨勫嚑縐嶆柟娉曪紝浠栬錛屽鏋滀綘鐪嬬潃瑙備紬鐨勭溂鐫涗細绱у紶錛岄偅浣犲彲浠ョ湅瑙備紬鐨勫ご欏訛紝鑰岃浼椾細渚濈劧璁や負浣犲湪鐪嬩粬浠殑鑴革紝姝ゅ錛屾墜涓渶濂戒笉瑕佹嬁綰歌岃鎻¤搗鎷蟲潵錛岄偅鏍鳳紝棰ゆ姈鐨勬墜灝變笉浼氬紩璧瘋浼楃殑娉ㄦ剰銆傚綋鎴戝弽澶嶇粌涔犳紨璁叉妧宸у悗錛屾垜鑷繁鍙堝彂鐜頒簡璁稿縐樿瘈錛屾瘮濡傦細涓嶇敤璁茬ǹ錛岄氳繃璁叉晠浜嬬殑鏂瑰紡鏉ヨ〃杈炬椂錛屾垜浼氳〃鐜板緱鏇村ソ錛屼簬鏄紝鎴戜粛鍑嗗璁茬ǹ浣嗗彧鍦ㄦ帓緇冩椂浣跨敤錛涙垜鍙戠幇鎴戝洖絳旈棶棰樼殑鑳藉姏瓚呰繃浜嗘垜婕旇鐨勮兘鍔涳紝浜庢槸錛屾垜涓鑸姹傚鐣欐椂闂村洖絳旈棶棰橈紱鎴戝彂鐜拌嚜宸變笉鎰熷叴瓚g殑涓滆タ灝辨棤娉曡濂斤紝浜庢槸錛屾垜灝變笉鍐嶇瓟搴旇閭d簺鎴戞病鏈夊叴瓚g殑棰樼洰銆傚嚑騫村悗錛屾垜鍛ㄥ洿鐨勪漢閮藉じ鎴戞紨璁插緱濂斤紝鐢氳嚦鏈変漢璁や負鎴戞槸涓ぉ鐢熺殑濂芥紨璇村錛屽叾瀹烇紝鎴戝彧鏄疄璺典簡涓浗浜哄嫟濂嬨佸悜涓婂拰姣呭姏絳変紶緇熺編寰瘋屽凡銆?/span>
浠諱綍鐩爣閮藉繀欏繪槸瀹為檯鐨勩佸彲琛¢噺鐨勭洰鏍囷紝涓嶈兘鍙槸鍋滅暀鍦ㄦ濇兂涓婄殑鍙e彿鎴栫┖璇濄傚埗瀹氱洰鏍囩殑鐩殑鏄負浜嗚繘姝ワ紝涓嶅幓琛¢噺浣犲氨鏃犳硶鐭ラ亾鑷繁鏄惁鍙栧緱浜嗚繘姝ャ傛墍浠ワ紝浣犲繀欏繪妸鎶借薄鐨勩佹棤娉曞疄鏂界殑銆佷笉鍙 閲忕殑澶х洰鏍囩畝鍖栨垚涓哄疄闄呯殑銆佸彲琛¢噺鐨勫皬鐩爣銆備婦渚嬫潵璇達紝鍑犲勾鍓嶏紝鎴戞湁涓涓洰鏍囨槸鎵╁ぇ鎴戝湪鍏徃閲岀殑浜洪檯鍏崇郴緗戯紝浣?/span>“澶氳璇嗕漢”鎴?/span>“澧炲姞褰卞搷鍔?/span>”鐨勭洰鏍囨槸鏃犳硶琛¢噺鍜屽疄鏂界殑錛屾垜闇瑕佹壘涓涓疄闄呯殑銆佸彲琛¢噺鐨勭洰鏍囥備簬鏄紝鎴戣姹傝嚜宸?/span>“姣忓懆鍜屼竴浣嶆湁褰卞搷鍔涚殑浜哄悆楗紝鍦ㄥ悆楗殑榪囩▼錛岃榪欎釜浜哄啀浠嬬粛涓涓湁褰卞搷鐨勪漢緇欐垜”銆傝 閲忚繖涓洰鏍囩殑鏍囧噯鏄?/span>“姣忓懆涓庝竴浜轟竴槨愩侀鍚庡啀璁よ瘑涓浜?/span>”銆傚綋鐒訛紝鎴戜笉浼氭弧瓚充簬榪欎簺鍩烘湰鐨?/span>“鎸囨爣”銆傛墿澶т漢闄呭叧緋葷綉鐨勭洰鐨勬槸浣垮伐浣滄洿鎴愬姛錛屾墍浠ワ紝鎴戣繕浼氳 閲?/span>“姣忓懆涓槨?/span>”涓緱鍒頒簡澶氬皯淇℃伅錛屾湁澶氬皯鎴戠殑閮ㄩ棬闆囩敤鐨勪漢鏄湪榪欐牱鐨勪漢闄呯綉涓璇嗙殑銆備竴騫村悗錛屾垜鐨勭‘浠庤繖浜涜 閲忔爣鍑嗕腑錛岀湅鍒頒簡鑷繁鐨勫叧緋葷綉鏈変簡鏄捐憲鐨勬墿澶с?/span>
鍒跺畾鍏蜂綋鐩爣鏃跺繀欏諱簡瑙h嚜宸辯殑鑳藉姏銆傜洰鏍囪瀹氳繃楂樺浐鐒朵笉鍒囧疄闄咃紝浣嗙洰鏍囦篃涓嶅彲瀹氬緱澶綆銆傚鐩爣榪樿鍋氬強鏃剁殑璋冩暣錛氬鏋滆秴鍑鴻嚜宸辯殑鏈熸湜錛屽彲浠ユ妸鏈熸湜鎻愰珮錛涘鏋滄湭杈懼埌鑷繁鐨勬湡鏈涳紝鍙互鎶婃湡鏈涜皟浣庛傝揪鎴愪簡涓涓洰鏍囧悗錛屽彲浠ュ啀鍒跺畾鏇存湁鎸戞垬鎬х殑鐩爣錛涘け璐ユ椂瑕佸潶鐒舵帴鍙楋紝璁ょ湡鎬葷粨鏁欒銆?/span>
鏈鍚庯紝鍐嶄竴嬈℃彁閱掑悓瀛︿滑錛岀洰鏍囬兘鏄睘浜庝綘鐨勶紝鍙湁浣犵煡閬撹嚜宸遍渶瑕佷粈涔堛傚埗瀹氭渶鍚堥傜殑鐩爣錛屼富鍔ㄦ彁鍗囪嚜宸憋紝騫跺湪鎻愬崌榪囩▼涓瑙傚湴琛¢噺榪涘害錛岃繖鏍鋒墠鑳借幏寰楁垚鍔燂紝鎵嶈兘鎴愪負鏇村ソ鐨勪綘鑷繁銆?/span>
鑷俊鏄嚜瑙夎岄潪鑷偛
鑷俊鐨勪漢鏁簬灝濊瘯鏂扮殑棰嗗煙錛岃兘鏇村揩鍦板彂灞曡嚜宸辯殑鍏磋叮鍜屾墠鍗庯紝鏇村鏄撹幏寰楁垚鍔熴傝嚜淇$殑浜轟篃鏇村揩涔愶紝鍥犱負浠栦笉浼氭椂鍒繪媴蹇冨拰鎻愰槻澶辮觸銆?/span>
寰堝浜鴻涓鴻嚜淇″氨鏄垚鍔熴備竴涓鐢熻佸緱絎竴鍚嶏紝浠栨湁浜嗚嚜淇°備竴涓憳宸ユ繪槸琚彁鍗囷紝浠栦篃鏈変簡鑷俊銆備絾榪欏彧鏄竴鍏冨寲鐨勬垚鍔熷拰涓鍏冨寲鐨勮嚜淇°?/span>
鍏跺疄錛岃嚜淇′笉涓瀹氶兘鏄ソ浜嬨傛病鏈夎嚜瑙夌殑鑷俊浼氭垚涓鴻嚜鍌詫紝鍙嶈屼細澶卞幓浜嗗埆浜虹殑灝婇噸鍜屼俊璧栥傚ソ鐨勮嚜淇℃槸鑷鐨勶紝鍗沖緢娓呮鑷繁鑳藉仛浠涔堬紝涓嶈兘鍋氫粈涔堛傝嚜瑙夌殑浜鴻嚜淇℃椂錛屼粬鎴愬姛鐨勬鐜囬潪甯稿ぇ錛涜嚜瑙夌殑浜轟笉鑷俊鏃訛紝浠栦粛鍙姫鍔涘皾璇曪紝浣嗕細灝嗛闄╁潶璇氬湴鍛婅瘔鍒漢銆傝嚜瑙夌殑浜轟笉闇瑕侀潬鎴愬姛鏉ュ寮鴻嚜淇★紝涔熶笉浼氬洜澶辮觸鑰屼撫澶辮嚜淇°?/span>
鑷俊鐨勭涓姝ワ細涓嶈灝忕湅鑷繁錛屽緇欒嚜宸辨墦姘?/span>
“鑷?/span>”淇$殑鍏抽敭鍦ㄤ簬鑷繁銆傚鏋滀綘鑷繁鎬昏涓鴻嚜宸變笉琛岋紝浣犳槸鏃犳硶寰楀埌鑷俊鐨勩備緥濡傦紝椹姞鐖墊浘璇達細“鎴戣寰楁垜澶け璐ョ殑錛屽悓瀛﹂兘鐪嬩笉璧鋒垜……寰堝浜烘瘮鎴戣佺粌錛岃鎴戝緢鑷崙銆?/span>”铏界劧椹姞鐖靛緢鑱槑涔熷緢浼樼錛屼絾浠栦粠娌℃湁鐪熸鑷俊榪囥?/span>
鑷俊鐨勭瀵嗘槸鐩鎬俊鑷繁鏈夎兘鍔涖備腑鍥藉彜璋氾細“澶╃敓鎴戞墠蹇呮湁鐢?/span>”錛?/span>“涓鏋濊崏錛屼竴鐐歸湶”錛屾瘡涓漢閮芥湁鑷繁鐨勭壒鎬у拰闀垮錛屽煎緱鐪嬮噸鍜屽彂鎸ャ傛垜璁板緱鎴?1宀佸垰鍒扮編鍥芥椂錛岃鍫備笂涓鍙ヨ嫳璇兘鍚笉鎳傦紝鏈変竴嬈¤佸笀闂?/span>“1/7鎹㈢畻鎴愬皬鏁扮瓑浜庡嚑錛?/span>”鎴戣櫧鐒朵笉鎳傝嫳鏂囷紝浣嗚寰楅粦鏉夸笂鐨?/span>“1/7”錛岃繖鏄垜浠ュ墠“鑳?/span>”榪囩殑銆傛垜绔嬪埢涓炬墜騫舵紜洖絳斾簡榪欎釜闂銆備笉浼?/span>“鑳屼功”鐨勭編鍥借佸笀璇у紓鍦拌涓烘垜鏄釜“鏁板澶╂墠”錛屽茍閫佹垜鍘誨弬鍔犳暟瀛︾珵璧涳紝榧撳姳鎴戝姞鍏ユ暟瀛﹀浠よ惀錛屽府鍔╁悓瀛﹀涔犳暟瀛︺傚ス鐨勯紦鍔卞拰鍚屽鐨勮鍙粰浜嗘垜鑷俊銆傛垜寮濮嬪憡璇夎嚜宸憋紝鎴戞湁鏁板鐨勫ぉ鍒嗐傝繖鏃訛紝鎴戠壒鍒兂鎶婅嫳鏂囧濂斤紝鍥犱負鍙湁榪欐牱鎵嶈兘瀛︿範鏇村鐨勬暟瀛︾煡璇嗐傝繖縐嶆暀鑲叉柟寮忎笉浣嗘彁楂樹簡鎴戠殑鑷俊錛屼篃甯姪鎴戝湪鍚勬柟闈㈠彇寰椾簡闀胯凍鐨勮繘姝ャ?/span>
涓浗寮忔暀鑲茶涓轟漢鐨勬垚闀挎槸涓嶆柇鍏嬫湇緙虹偣鐨勮繃紼嬶紝鎵浠ヨ佸笀鏇村鏄湪鎵硅瘎瀛︾敓錛岃瀛︾敓寮ヨˉ鏈宸殑瀛︾銆傝櫧鐒跺簲鎶婃瘡縐戦兘瀛﹀緱“瓚沖濂?/span>”錛屼絾浜烘墠鐨勪環鍊煎湪浜庡厖鍒嗗彂鎸ヤ釜浜烘渶澶х殑浼樼偣銆傜編鍥界洊媧涙櫘鍏徃鏈榪戝嚭浜嗕竴鏈晠閿涔︺婄幇鍦紝鍙戞帢浣犵殑浼樺娍銆嬨傜洊媧涙櫘鐨勭爺絀朵漢鍛樺彂鐜幫細澶ч儴鍒嗕漢鍦ㄦ垚闀胯繃紼嬩腑閮借瘯鐫“鏀瑰彉鑷繁鐨勭己鐐癸紝甯屾湜鎶婄己鐐瑰彉涓轟紭鐐?/span>”錛屼絾浠栦滑鍗寸鍒頒簡鏇村鐨勫洶闅懼拰鐥涜嫤錛涜屽皯鏁版渶蹇箰銆佹渶鎴愬姛鐨勪漢鐨勭璇鏄?/span>“鍔犲己鑷繁鐨勪紭鐐癸紝騫剁鐞嗚嚜宸辯殑緙虹偣”銆?/span>“綆$悊鑷繁鐨勭己鐐?/span>”灝辨槸鍦ㄤ笉瓚崇殑鍦版柟鍋氬緱瓚沖濂斤紝“鍔犲己鑷繁鐨勪紭鐐?/span>”灝辨槸鎶婂ぇ閮ㄥ垎綺懼姏鑺卞湪鑷繁鏈夊叴瓚g殑浜嬫儏涓婏紝浠庤岃幏寰楁棤姣旂殑鑷俊銆?/span>
鍑屽織鍐涚殑銆婃垚闀褲嬩竴涔﹂噷榪樻湁寰堝寰楀埌鑷俊鐨勪緥瀛愶細寰蔣浜氭床宸ョ▼闄㈤櫌闀垮紶瀹忔睙璇翠粬浠庡皬灝?/span>“鐩鎬俊鎴戞槸鏈鑱槑鐨勩傚嵆浣垮啀鍚庢潵鐨勬棩瀛愰噷鎴戝父甯鎬笉濡傚埆浜猴紝浣嗘垜榪樻槸瀵硅嚜宸辮錛氭垜鑳芥瘮鍒漢鍋氬緱濂?/span>”錛涘井杞簹媧茬爺絀墮櫌鐨勪富浠葷爺絀跺憳鍛ㄦ槑灝忔椂鍊欏湪“瀛︾敓鍔沖姩”涓埛浜?08涓摱瀛愶紝鎵撶牬浜嗙邯褰曪紝浠庤岃幏寰楄嚜淇°備粬璇達細“鎴戝師鏉ヤ竴鐩存槸娌℃湁鑷俊蹇冪殑錛屼絾鏄繖浠朵簨緇欎簡鎴戣嚜淇°傝繖鏄垜涓鐢熶腑鏈蹇箰鐨勭粡楠岋紝鏁e彂鐫涓縐嶈糠浜虹殑鍔涢噺錛屼竴鐩存寔緇埌浠婂ぉ銆傛垜鍙戠幇浜嗗ぉ鎵嶇殑鍏ㄩ儴縐樺瘑錛屽叾瀹炲彧鏈?涓瓧錛氫笉瑕佸皬鐪嬭嚜宸便?/span>”
鑷俊鏄竴縐嶆劅瑙夛紝浣犳病鏈夊姙娉曠敤鑳屼功鐨勬柟娉?/span>“瀛︿範”鑷俊錛岃屽敮涓闈?/span>“瀛︿範”鎻愬崌鑷俊鐨勬柟娉曟槸浠ュ疄渚?/span>“璁粌”浣犵殑澶ц剳銆傝寰楀埌鑷俊錛屼綘蹇呴』鎴愪負鑷繁鏈濂界殑鎷夋媺闃燂紝姣忔櫄鍏ョ潯鍓嶄笉濡ㄦ兂鎯籌紝浠婂ぉ鍙戠敓浜嗕粈涔堝煎緱浣犺嚜璞殑浜嬫儏錛熶綘寰楀埌浜嗗ソ鐨勬垚緇╁悧錛熶綘甯姪鍒漢浜嗗悧錛熸湁浠涔堣秴鍑轟簡浣犵殑鏈熸湜鍚楋紵鏈夎皝澶稿浜嗕綘鍚楋紵鎴戠浉淇℃瘡涓漢姣忓ぉ閮藉彲浠ユ壘鍒頒竴浠舵垚鍔熺殑浜嬫儏錛屼綘浼氭參鎱㈠彂鐜幫紝榪欎簺“灝忔垚鍔?/span>”鍙兘浼氳秺鏉ヨ秺鏈夋剰涔夈?/span>
鏈変釜钁楀悕鏁欑粌鍦ㄦ瘡嬈$悆璧涘墠錛屾諱細瑕佹眰闃熷憳鍥炲繂鑷繁鏈寰楁剰鐨勪竴嬈℃瘮璧涖備粬鐢氳嚦璁╅槦鍛樻妸鏈寰楁剰鐨勬瘮璧涘拰涓涓姩浣滐紙濡傜揣鎻℃嫵澶達級鑱旂郴璧鋒潵錛屼互渚夸嬌鑷繁姣忔鍋氳繖涓姩浣滄椂錛屽氨浼氫笅鎰忚瘑鍦版兂鍒板緱鎰忕殑浜嬶紝鐒跺悗鍦ㄦ瘡嬈℃瘮璧涘墠鍙嶅鍋氳繖涓姩浣滀互“璁粌”澶ц剳錛屾彁鍗囪嚜淇°?/span>
甯屾湜鍚屽浠兘鑳芥垚涓鴻嚜宸辨渶濂界殑鎷夋媺闃燂紝鍚屾椂澶氱粨浜や負浣犳墦姘旂殑鏈嬪弸錛屽鍥炲懗榪囧幓鐨勬垚鍔燂紝鍗冧竾涓嶈灝忕湅鑷繁銆?/span>
鑷俊鐨勭浜屾錛氱敤姣呭姏銆佸媷姘旓紝浠庢垚鍔熼噷鑾峰緱鑷俊錛屼粠澶辮觸閲屽鍔犺嚜瑙?/span>
褰撲綘鎰熻鍒拌嚜淇℃椂錛屾棤璁哄涔堝皬鐨勬垚鍔燂紝浣犻兘浼氱壒鍒湡鏈涘啀涓嬈″緱鍒拌嚜宸辨垨鍒漢鐨勮偗瀹氾紝榪欐椂錛屼綘闇瑕佹湁瓚沖鐨勬瘏鍔涖傚彧瑕佷綘鏈夋瘏鍔涳紝灝變細鍍忓懆鏄庢墍璇寸殑閭f牱錛?/span>“浠涔堜簨鎯呭彧瑕佹垜鑲共錛屽氨涓瀹氬彲浠ュ共濂姐備綘鑳藉浼氫綘鎯沖浼氱殑浠諱綍涓滆タ錛岃繖涓嶆槸浣犺兘涓嶈兘瀛︿細鐨勯棶棰橈紝鑰屾槸浣犳兂涓嶆兂瀛︾殑闂銆傚鏋滀綘瀵硅嚜宸辨墜閲岀殑涓滆タ鏈夊己鐑堢殑嬈叉湜錛屼綘灝變細鏈変竴縐嶅潥闊т笉鎷旂殑綺劇錛屽挨鍏跺綋浣犳槸鏅氫漢鐨勬椂鍊欍?/span>”
鏈夋椂錛屼綘鍙兘娌″仛榪囨煇涓浠朵簨錛屼笉鐭ラ亾鑳戒笉鑳藉仛鎴愩傝繖鏃訛紝闄や簡姣呭姏澶栵紝浣犺繕闇瑕佸媷姘斻傛垜浠ュ墠鍦ㄥ伐浣滀腑錛屼竴鑸殑娌熼氭病鏈夐棶棰橈紝浣嗗埌浜嗘昏闈㈠墠錛屾繪槸涓嶆暍璁茶瘽錛屾曡閿欒瘽銆傜洿鍒版湁涓澶╋紝鍏徃瑕佸仛鏀圭粍錛屾昏鍙泦鍗佸涓漢寮浼氾紝浠栬姹傛瘡涓漢杞祦鍙戣█銆傛垜褰撴椂鎯籌紝鏃㈢劧涓瀹氳璁詫紝閭d笉濡傛妸蹇冮噷璇濊鍑烘潵銆備簬鏄紝鎴戦紦瓚沖媷姘旇錛?/span>“鎴戜滑榪欎釜鍏徃錛屽憳宸ョ殑鏅哄晢姣旇皝閮介珮錛屼絾鏄垜浠殑鏁堢巼姣旇皝閮藉樊錛屽洜涓烘垜浠暣澶╂敼緇勶紝涓嶉【鍒板憳宸ョ殑鎰熷彈鍜屾兂娉?#8230;…”鎴戣瀹屽悗錛屾暣涓細璁楦﹂泙鏃犲0銆備細鍚庯紝寰堝鍚屼簨緇欐垜鍙戠數瀛愰偖浠惰錛?/span>“浣犺寰楃湡濂斤紝鐪熷笇鏈涙垜涔熸湁浣犵殑鑳嗗瓙榪欎箞璇淬?/span>”緇撴灉錛屾昏涓嶄絾鎺ュ彈浜嗘垜鐨勫緩璁紝鏀瑰彉浜嗗叕鍙稿湪鏀圭粍鏂歸潰鐨勬斂絳栵紝鑰屼笖榪樼粡甯稿紩鐢ㄦ垜鐨勮瘽銆備粠姝わ紝鎴戝厖婊′簡鑷俊錛屼笉鎯ф曞湪浠諱綍浜洪潰鍓嶅彂璦銆傝繖涓緥瀛愬厖鍒嗗嵃璇佷簡“浣犳病鏈夎瘯榪囷紝浣犳庝箞鐭ラ亾浣犱笉鑳?/span>”榪欏彞璇濄?/span>
鏈夊媷姘斿皾璇曟柊浜嬬墿鐨勫悓鏃訛紝涔熷繀欏繪湁鍕囨皵闈㈠澶辮觸銆傚ぇ瀹朵笉鑳藉彧鍑尮澶箣鍕囧幓鍋氭敞瀹氳澶辮觸鐨勪簨銆備絾褰撲綘鐣忔儳澶辮觸鏃訛紝涓嶅Θ鎯充竴鎯籌紝浣犳曞け鍘諱粈涔堬紵鏈鍧忕殑涓嬪満鏄粈涔堬紵浣犱笉鑳芥帴鍙楀悧錛熷湪涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愪腑錛屽鏋滄昏鍚﹀畾浜嗘垜鐨勭湅娉曪紝浠栦細涓嶅皧閲嶆垜鍚楋紵涓嶄絾涓嶄細錛屽埆浜哄緢鍙兘榪樹細璁や負鎴戝媷姘斿彲鍢夈傝屼笖錛岃嚜瑙夌殑浜轟細浠庡け璐ヤ腑瀛︿範錛岃璇嗗埌鑷繁涓嶉傚悎鍋氫粈涔堜簨鎯咃紝鍐嶆彁鍗囪嚜宸辯殑鑷銆傚洜姝わ紝涓嶈鐣忔儳澶辮觸錛屽彧瑕佷綘灝戒簡鍔涳紝鎰挎剰鍚戣嚜宸辯殑鏋侀檺鎸戞垬錛屼綘灝卞簲涓鴻嚜宸辯殑鍕囨皵鑰岃嚜璞?/span>
涓涓嚜淇″拰鑷鐨勪漢錛屽鏋滆兘鍕囨暍鍦板皾璇曟柊鐨勪簨鐗╋紝騫舵湁姣呭姏鎶婂畠鍋氬ソ錛屼粬灝變細浠庢垚鍔熼噷鑾峰緱鑷俊錛屼粠澶辮觸閲屽鍔犺嚜瑙夈?/span>
鑷俊鐨勭涓夋錛氳嚜瑙夊湴瀹氬叿浣撶殑鐩爣錛岃櫄蹇冨湴鍚粬浜虹殑璇勪及
鍩瑰吇鑷俊涔熻璁懼畾鍏蜂綋鐨勭洰鏍囷紝涓姝ユ鍦拌繄榪涖傝繖浜涚洰鏍囦篃蹇呴』鏄彲琛¢噺鐨勩傛垜鏇炬妸鎴戝湪鎬昏闈㈠墠鍙戣█鐨勪緥瀛愯緇欐垜濂沖効鍚紝鍥犱負濂圭殑鑰佸笀璁や負濂瑰緢瀹崇緸錛屽湪瀛︽牎涓嶄婦鎵嬪彂璦錛屾垜甯屾湜榧撳姳濂瑰媷浜庡彂璦銆傚ス鍚屾剰璇曚竴璇曪紝浣嗗ス璁や負鍙湁鍦ㄩ傚綋鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鏈夋渶濂界殑鎰忚鏃舵墠鎰挎剰鍙戣█銆備絾鏄紝鎴戣涓烘湁浜?/span>“鏈濂界殑鎰忚”榪欎釜涓昏鐨勮瘎浼幫紝鐩爣灝卞緢闅捐 閲忋備簬鏄紝鎴戝拰濂瑰埗瀹氫簡涓涓彲琛¢噺鐨勩佸疄闄呯殑鐩爣錛氬ス姣忓ぉ涓句竴嬈℃墜錛屽鏋滃潥鎸佷竴涓湀灝辨湁濂栧姳銆傜劧鍚庯紝鎴戜滑鎱㈡參澧炲姞涓炬墜鐨勬鏁般備竴騫村悗錛岃佸笀娉ㄦ剰鍒幫紝濂瑰璇懼爞鍙戣█鏈変簡瓚沖鐨勮嚜淇°?/span>
鑷俊緇濋潪鑷垜鍋忔墽銆佷笉瀹硅鑷繁鐘敊錛屾垨榪囧害鑷垜涓績錛屽け鍘誨瑙傜殑绔嬪満銆傛垜鏈変釜緇濋《鑱槑鐨勫悓浜嬶紝浠栦竴鐢熻鍑嗕簡“鎴戞案榪滀笉浼氶敊”榪欏彞“鐪熺悊”銆備粬琛ㄧ幇寰楁棤姣旇嚜淇★紝涓鏃﹁瘉鏄庝粬鏌愬彞璇濇槸瀵圭殑錛屼粬灝變細鎻愰啋鎵鏈変漢鍑犱釜鏈堝墠浠栨棭灝辮榪囦簡銆備絾鍥犱負浠栧嚑涔庢槸涓轟簡鑷俊鑰屾椿鐫錛屼竴鏃﹁瘉鏄庝粬鏌愬彞璇濇槸閿欑殑錛屼粬灝變細欏懼乏鍙寵岃█浠栵紝鎴栨牴鏈惁璁ゆ浜嬨傝櫧鐒朵粬鐨勬紜巼楂樿揪95%錛屼絾5%鐨勯敊璇浠栧け鍘諱簡鑷繁鐨勪俊瑾夊拰浠栦漢鐨勫皧鏁傝繖涓緥瀛愬憡璇夋垜浠紝鑷偛鐨勮嚜淇℃垨涓嶈嚜瑙夌殑鑷俊鐢氳嚦姣斾笉鑷俊鏇村姞鍗遍櫓銆?/span>
鎯呭晢涓殑鑷鏈変袱涓眰闈細瀵硅嚜宸卞拰鐜鐨嗚兘淇卞埌錛屾帉鎻′富瀹㈣鐨勬儏鍔褲傛湁鑷鐨勪漢涓嶄細榪囧害鍦拌嚜鎴戞壒璇勶紝涔熶笉浼氬ぉ鐪熷湴涔愯錛屼粬浠兘瀹㈣鍦拌瘎浼拌嚜宸便傛墍浠ワ紝浠栦滑浼氬潶璇氬湴闈㈠鑷繁鐨勮兘鍔涙瀬闄愶紝涓嶄細杞繪槗鍦版帴鍙楄嚜宸辮兘鍔涜寖鍥村鐨勫伐浣溿傚綋鐒訛紝浠栦滑浠嶄箰浜庢帴鍙楁寫鎴橈紝浣嗕細鍦ㄦ帴鍙楁寫鎴樻椂鍋氬瑙傜殑椋庨櫓璇勪及銆傝繖鏍風殑浜轟笉浣嗗鑷繁鍧﹁瘹錛屽浠栦漢涔熷潶璇氥傚潶璇氬湴闈㈠澶辮觸浼氬緱鍒板埆浜虹殑淇¤禆錛屽洜涓轟粬浠煡閬撲綘鎺ュ彈浜嗘暀璁傚潶璇氬湴闈㈠鑷繁鐨勭己鐐逛篃浼氬緱鍒板埆浜虹殑灝婃暚錛屽洜涓轟粬浠煡閬撲綘涓嶄細鑷笉閲忓姏銆傛墍浠ワ紝鑷鐨勪漢瀹規槗鎴愬姛錛屼篃瀹規槗鑷俊銆?/span>
鑷鐨勪漢涓嶄絾鍏鉤鍦拌瘎浠瘋嚜宸憋紝榪樹富鍔ㄨ姹傚懆鍥寸殑浜虹粰鑷繁鎵硅瘎鍜屽弽棣堛備粬浠槑鐧斤紝铏界劧鑷繁寰堣嚜瑙夛紝浣嗗埆浜虹溂涓殑鑷繁鏄洿涓洪噸瑕佺殑銆備竴鏂歸潰錛屽埆浜虹溂涓殑鑷繁鏇翠負瀹㈣錛屽彟涓鏂歸潰錛屽埆浜虹溂涓殑鑷繁鎵嶆槸鐪熸瀛樺湪鐨勮嚜宸憋紙“Perception is reality”錛夛紝涔熷氨鏄錛屽鏋滃埆浜洪兘璁や負浣犻敊浜嗭紝鍙湁浣犺嚜璁や負娌℃湁閿欙紝閭d箞鍦ㄧぞ浼氥佸鏍℃垨鍏徃鐪間腑錛屼綘灝辨槸閿欎簡銆傛墍浠ワ紝浣犲繀欏昏櫄蹇冨湴鐞嗚В鍜屾帴鍙楀埆浜虹殑鎯蟲硶錛岃屼笖浠ュ埆浜虹殑鎯蟲硶浣滀負鏈緇堢殑鐩爣銆傛瘮濡傦紝鎴戝コ鍎垮彲浠ユ瘡澶╄瘎浼拌嚜宸辯殑鍙戣█錛屼絾鏈緇堬紝鍙湁褰撹佸笀鍜屽悓瀛︿滑璁や負濂規槸涓紑鏈楃殑銆佹湁鎯蟲硶鐨勫鐢熸椂錛屽ス鎵嶈揪鍒頒簡鏈緇堢殑鐩爣銆?/span>
鑾峰緱鍧﹁瘹鐨勫弽棣堢壒鍒槸璐熼潰鐨勫洖棣堝茍涓嶅鏄撱傛墍浠ワ紝浣犳渶濂借兘鏈変竴浜涘媷鏁㈠潶璇氱殑鐭ュ績濂藉弸錛屼粬浠効鎰忓湪縐佷笅瀵逛綘璇寸湡蹇冭瘽銆傚綋鐒訛紝浣犱笉鑳藉璐熼潰鐨勫弽棣堟湁浠諱綍涓嶆弧錛屽惁鍒欎綘浠ュ悗灝卞惉涓嶅埌鐪熷績璇濅簡銆傞櫎浜嗙涓嬬殑鍙嶉澶栵紝鍦ㄧ編鍥界殑鍏徃閲岋紝榪樻湁涓縐?/span>“360搴?/span>”鎰忚璋冩煡錛屽彲浠ュ鍛樺伐鐨勪笂鍙搞佷笅灞炲悓鏃跺仛澶氭柟闈㈢殑璋冩煡銆傚洜涓鴻繖縐嶈皟鏌ユ槸鍖垮悕鐨勶紝瀹冨線寰鑳借幏寰楃湡瀹炵殑鎰忚錛屽鏋滃緢澶氫漢閮借浣犲湪鏌愭柟闈粛欏繪敼榪涳紝榪欐牱鐨勮娉曞氨姣旇嚜宸辯殑鎴栬佹澘鐨勭湅娉曟洿鏈夎鏈嶅姏銆傝櫧鐒跺湪瀛︽牎閲屾病鏈夎繖縐嶆寮忕殑璋冩煡錛屼絾鏄綘浠嶇劧鍙互灝藉姏鍦板幓鐞嗚В浠栦漢瀵逛綘鐨勬兂娉曘傛垜鐨勭埗浜插父鏁欒鎴戜滑鍑′簨璋嬩箣浜庝紬錛屽氨鏄寚寮鏀懼績鑳革紝鍒囧嬁浠ヤ簳瑙傚ぉ錛屽眬闄愪簡鑷繁鐨勮閲庛?/span>
椹姞鐖佃錛?/span>“鍚屽閮界湅涓嶈搗鎴戙?/span>”鍏跺疄錛屽鏋滀粬鏈夊媷姘斿悜浠栦俊浠葷殑鍚屽姹傝瘉錛屼粬涔熻浼氬彂鐜拌嚜宸遍敊鎬簡鍚屽錛屼篃璁鎬細鍙戠幇浜ら敊浜嗘湅鍙嬶紝涔熻浼氳瘉瀹炲悓瀛︾‘瀹炵湅涓嶈搗浠栧茍浜嗚В鍏朵腑鐨勫師鍥狅紝鐒跺悗鑷垜鏀硅繘銆傚潶璇氱殑浜ゆ祦鍜岀湡蹇冪殑鏈嬪弸鎴栬閮藉彲浠ュ府鍔╅┈鍔犵埖閬垮厤鎮插墽鐨勫彂鐢熴?/span>
鏈夎嚜瑙夌殑浜轟細涓鴻嚜宸卞埗瀹氱幇瀹炵殑鐩爣錛屽瑙傚湴琛¢噺鑷繁錛屽茍浼氳浠栦漢甯姪璇勪及銆傝繖鏍風殑浜鴻兘鎸佺畫鎻愬崌鑷繁鐨勮嚜淇★紝騫惰兘閬垮厤鑷俊鍙戝睍涓鴻嚜鍌層?/span>
蹇箰姣旀垚鍔熸洿閲嶈
縐戝鐮旂┒璇佹槑錛氬績鎯呭ソ鐨勪漢鏈鑳藉彂鎸ユ綔鍔涳紱蹇箰鑳芥彁楂樻晥鐜囥佸垱閫犲姏鍜屾紜喅絳栫殑姒傜巼錛涘揩涔愮殑浜烘湁寮鏄庣殑鎬濇兂錛屾効鎰忓府鍔╁埆浜恒備絾涓庡叾璇村揩涔愬甫鏉ユ垚鍔燂紝榪樹笉濡傝鎴愬姛鐨勭洰鐨勬槸甯︽潵蹇箰銆傛垜鏇懼緩璁悓瀛︿滑榪介愯嚜宸辯殑鐞嗘兂鍜屽叴瓚o紝鍏跺疄鍋氳嚜宸辯悊鎯崇殑銆佹湁鍏磋叮鐨勪簨鎯呭氨鏄竴縐嶅揩涔愩傛墍浠ワ紝蹇箰姣旀垚鍔熸洿搴旀垚涓烘垜浠殑鏈緇堢洰鏍囥?/span>
蹇箰鐨勭涓姝ワ細鎺ュ彈浣犵殑鐖舵瘝銆佺幆澧冦佽嚜宸?/span>
涓嶅揩涔愮殑浜烘誨涓浜涙棤濂堢殑浜嬬敓闂鋒皵錛屼笉鍠滄鑷繁銆佺埗姣嶅拰鑰佸笀錛屼笉鎰挎剰璇繪灟鐕ョ殑涔︺佷笉鎰挎剰搴斾粯鑰冭瘯銆傚浜庤繖浜涙棤濂堢殑浜嬶紝鎴戝笇鏈涘悓瀛︿滑鑳藉浼氬潶鐒跺湴鎺ュ彈瀹冧滑銆?/span>
鍦ㄦ墍鏈?/span>“涓嶈兘鏀瑰彉鐨勪簨鎯?/span>” 涓紝鏈涓嶈兘鏀瑰彉鐨勬槸鐖舵瘝錛屾渶搴旀帴鍙楃殑涔熸槸鐖舵瘝銆傛湁涓嶅皯瀛︾敓璇達細“鐖舵瘝涓嶇悊瑙f垜錛屼笉鎺ュ彈鎴戯紝涓嶄綋浼氭垜鐨勬兂娉曪紝鎬昏姹傛垜鐢ㄤ粬浠殑浠峰艱鍜岀悊蹇墊潵鍋氫簨銆佽涔︺佹眰瀛︺傛墍浠ユ垜鎬繪槸閬垮紑浠栦滑錛岃秺鏉ヨ秺瀛ょ嫭銆?/span>”瀵硅繖浜涘悓瀛︼紝鎴戠殑鍥炵瓟鍖呮嫭浠ヤ笅涓や釜鏂歸潰錛?/span>
絎竴錛屼綘搴旇鎺ュ彈浣犵殑鐖舵瘝錛屽崈涓囦笉瑕佸洜涓烘劅瑙夌埗姣嶄笉鐞嗚В浣犺岃嚜鎴戝皝闂傜埗姣嶇殑鎴愰暱鐜涓嶅悓錛屾濈淮鏂瑰紡涓嶅悓錛屼粬浠鎴愬姛鐨勫畾涔夊彲鑳戒篃涓嶅悓錛屽浣犵殑鏈熸湜涓庝綘瀵硅嚜宸辯殑鏈熸湜灝辨湁杈冨ぇ鐨勫樊寮傘備絾浠栦滑浜虹敓鐨勮礬璧板緱姣斾綘闀匡紝緇忛獙姣斾綘涓板瘜錛屼綘涓嶈兘鍏堝叆涓轟富鍦版帓鏂ヤ粬浠傚彟澶栵紝浣犲繀欏葷悊瑙o紝鐖舵瘝鏄笘鐣屼笂鏈鐖變綘鐨勪漢錛屼粬浠篃鏄敮涓鍙互鏃犳潯浠朵負浣犱粯鍑虹殑浜猴紝浣犲簲璇ユ棤鏉′歡鍦版帴鍙椾綘鐨勭埗姣嶃備綔瀛愬コ鐨勭粡甯告妸鐖舵瘝浜茶繃搴︾悊鎯沖寲錛岃岀枏蹇戒簡緇濆ぇ澶氭暟鐨勭埗姣嶏紝鍦ㄤ粬浠敓闀跨殑鐜涓紝姣旀垜浠洿涓哄尞涔忋佷笉瓚籌紝浠栦滑鍙兘娌℃湁鏈轟細瀛︿範濡備綍褰撲竴涓О鑱岀殑鐖舵瘝錛屼絾浠ヤ粬浠殑鏉′歡錛屼篃灝藉姏浜嗐傚鏋滄垜浠剻瑙嗐佹帓鏂ョ埗姣嶏紝鏃犲紓鏄鑷繁鐢熷懡鐨勬潵婧愪笉鏁紝閭e浣曡兘蹇箰錛?/span>
絎簩錛屼綘鍙互璇曠潃鍘繪敼鍙樼埗姣嶇殑鎯蟲硶錛屼絾浣犻鍏堝簲鍙嶉棶錛屼綘鐞嗚В鍜屾帴鍙椾綘鐨勭埗姣嶅悧錛熶綘鑳戒綋浼氱埗姣嶇殑鎯蟲硶鍚楋紵褰撲綘鎶辨ㄧ埗姣嶆繪槸鏈熸湜浣犲畬緹庢椂錛岄毦閬撲綘涓嶄篃鏄湪鏈熸湜鐖舵瘝瀹岀編鍚楋紵鍑屽織鍐涘緩璁錛?/span>“鐖舵瘝瀵逛綘浠殑鏈熸湜娌℃湁閿欙紝鍙槸浣犱滑搴旇璁╃埗姣嶄簡瑙o紝浣犱滑瀵逛粬浠殑鏈熸湜銆?/span>”鎵浠ワ紝鍦ㄨ姹備粬浠悊瑙d綘涔嬪墠錛屼綘搴斿厛鍘葷悊瑙d粬浠紝榪欐牱鎵嶈兘鏇存垚鍔熷湴鍜屼粬浠矡閫氥傜浉浜掍簡瑙e悗錛屼篃璁鎬綘浠粛鏈変笉鍚屾剰瑙佷絾鑳藉郊姝よ皡瑙o紝涔熻浣犳垨浠栦滑浼氭敼鍙樺師鏉ョ殑鐪嬫硶鑰岃揪鍒板叡璇嗐備負姝わ紝浣犻鍏堝簲鍜岀埗姣嶅緩绔嬩竴涓潶璇氱殑娌熼氬叧緋匯備篃璁歌搗鍒濅綘浠細瑙夊緱鍒壄錛屼絾鎴戠浉淇′綘浠緢蹇氨浼氫綋浼氬埌浜叉儏涓庢俯棣ㄣ?/span>
闄や簡鎺ュ彈鐖舵瘝錛屼綘榪樺簲鎺ュ彈鐜涓笉鑳芥敼鍙樼殑浜嬫儏銆傛湁浜涘悓瀛︽湡鏈涚潃涓嶅繀鑰冧粬浠涓烘病鐢ㄧ殑棰樼洰錛屼笉蹇呬笂浠栦滑璁や負娌$敤鐨勮錛屼笉蹇呭惉浠栦滑涓嶄俊浠葷殑鑰佸笀璁茶銆備絾鍦ㄧぞ浼氫腑鐢熷瓨錛屾垜浠繀欏誨浼氭帴鍙楅偅浜涗笉鑳芥敼鍙樼殑浜嬨傚噷蹇楀啗璇達細“濡傛灉鎴戦亣鍒?/span>‘搴旇鍋氱殑浜嬫儏’鍜?/span>‘鍠滄鍋氱殑浜嬫儏’涔嬮棿鐨勫啿紿侊紝鎴戜細緇欒嚜宸卞畨鎺掍竴涓椂闂磋〃錛屾瘡澶╁湪瑙勫畾鐨勬椂闂撮噷瀹屾垚‘搴旇鍋氱殑浜嬫儏’鈥斺?/span>鏃墮棿琛ㄨ兘嬋鍔變綘闆嗕腑綺懼姏騫舵彁楂樻晥鐜囥傜劧鍚庡幓鍋?/span>‘鍠滄鍋氱殑浜嬫儏’銆?/span>”浜虹敓鏄湁闄愮殑錛屽ぇ瀹跺簲鎶婃湁闄愮殑鏃墮棿鐢ㄥ湪“鍠滄鍋氱殑浜嬫儏”涓婏紝浣嗗繀欏誨厛鎶?/span>“搴旇鍋氱殑浜嬫儏”鍋氬緱瓚沖濂姐?/span>
鏈鏃犺皳鐨?/span>“鍙戞剚”灝辨槸瀵硅嚜宸變笉婊℃剰銆傝繖涓嶄絾嫻垂浜嗘椂闂達紝鑰屼笖浼氶犳垚浜嬪嶅姛鍗娿傛墍浠ワ紝鍚屽浠竴鏂歸潰瑕佸煿鍏昏嚜宸辯殑鑷俊錛屼互姣忎竴涓皬鐨勬垚鍔熸潵嬋鍔辮嚜宸憋紝鍙︿竴鏂歸潰涔熷繀欏昏兘鎺ュ彈鑷繁錛岀悊瑙d綘浠槸涓鴻嚜宸辮岀敓媧葷殑銆備負鑷繁鑰岀敓媧誨氨鏄涓轟簡鑷繁鐨勫揩涔愩佸叴瓚e拰浜虹敓鐩爣鑰屽姫鍔涳紝涓嶈媧誨湪鍒漢鐨勪環鍊艱閲屻傚井杞簹媧茬爺絀墮櫌闄㈤暱娌堝悜媧嬪皬鏃跺欎竴鐩存椿鍦ㄥ埆浜虹殑浠峰艱閲岋紝涓轟簡“絎竴鍚?/span>”鎷煎懡錛屼絾鏄湁涓澶╋紝“鎴戝拷鐒舵剰璇嗗埌鍘熸潵鐨勬兂娉曢敊浜嗐傛墦璐ュ埆浜猴紝寰楃涓鍚嶏紝涓嶆槸鏈閲嶈鐨勩傛渶閲嶈鐨勬槸錛屼綘鑳戒笉鑳藉浼氬皧閲嶄綘鑷繁錛岃兘涓嶈兘鍙戠幇鑷繁鐨勪環鍊煎湪鍝噷銆?/span>”
褰撲綘寮濮嬩負鑷繁鑰岀敓媧伙紝鎺ュ彈騫跺枩嬈綘鑷繁錛屾帴鍙楀茍鎺ヨ繎浣犵殑鐖舵瘝錛屾帴鍙楃幆澧冧腑涓嶈兘鏀瑰彉鐨勪簨鎯咃紝浣犲氨浼氬彂鐜頒綘寮濮嬪揩涔愪簡銆?/span>
蹇箰鐨勭浜屾錛氬娉勪綘鐨勬儏鎰燂紝鎺у埗浣犵殑鑴炬皵
蹇冪悊瀛﹀璁や負錛岄┈鍔犵埖“鍦ㄧ簿紲炰笂涓鐩存槸瀛ょ嫭鐨勶紝鍥犱負浠栨諱笉鎰夸笌浜轟氦嫻侊紝涓嶆効璇村嚭鑷繁鐪熷疄鐨勬劅鍙?#8230;…鏄竴涓儏緇弽搴旂浉褰撴縺鐑堢殑浜猴紝浣嗘槸浠栧琛ㄤ笂鍙堟槸涓涓浉褰撳帇鎶戠殑浜恒?/span>”椹姞鐖電粰浜蹭漢鐨勪俊涓婁篃鍐欓亾錛?/span>“鎴戣繖涓漢鍔ㄦ儏鐨勮瘽鍘嗘潵灝辮涓嶅嚭鍙c?/span>”濡傛灉椹姞鐖佃兘鐩存帴鍦板娉勮嚜宸辯殑鎰熸儏錛屼粬涔熻鍙互闃叉鎮插墽鍙戠敓銆備簨鍚庨┈鍔犵埖涔熸兂鍒幫細“閫冧骸鐨勬椂鍊欒寰楄嚜宸卞偦錛屽彲浠ラ夋嫨鍚墊灦灝辯畻浜嗭紝娌℃湁蹇呰鏉浜恒?/span>”
涓浗浜烘昏涓虹煖鎸併佸惈钃勬槸緹庡痙銆備絾鎴戣涓猴紝鍦ㄤ粖澶╃殑鏃朵唬閲岋紝鐩存埅浜嗗綋鐨勬矡閫氭洿涓洪噸瑕併傛嫄寮姽瑙掋佽█涓嶇敱琛楓佺灮鍓嶉【鍚庛佸綋闈笉璇淬佽儗鍚庝貢璁查兘鏄潖涔犳儻銆傛湁涓浣嶄腑鍥借佹澘鍜屼粬鐨勪笅灞炲惖鏋訛紝浠栭棶鎴戞槸涓嶆槸璇ヨ絎笁鑰呰皟瑙o紝鎴戠粰浠栫殑寤鴻鏄細鍥犱負榪欐槸鎯呮劅鐨勪簨鎯咃紝浣犲簲璇ョ洿鎺ュ幓鍜屼笅灞炴矡閫氾紱絎笁鑰呬負浜嗗仛鍜屼簨浣紝鍙兘浼氳鍑鴻繚鑳屼綘鎴栦綘鐨勪笅灞炴剰鎰跨殑璇濓紙渚嬪璋庣О浣犲凡緇忚閿欙紝浣嗗叾瀹炰綘娌℃湁錛夛紝榪欏弽鑰屼細閫犳垚鏇村鐨勯夯鐑︺?/span>
褰撶劧錛屽湪鎯呮劅闂涓婏紝鐩存帴娌熼氫篃闇瑕佹妧宸с備緥濡傦紝閭d綅鑰佹澘濡傛灉絎竴鍙ヨ瘽灝卞涓嬪睘璇達細“浣犻敊浜嗭紝浣嗘槸鎴戜笉鍜屼綘璁¤緝銆?/span>”閭d箞涓嬪睘鑲畾浼氬弽鎰熴傚鏋滆佹澘璇達細“浣犲湪閭d箞澶氫漢闈㈠墠楠傛垜錛屽緢鏄劇劧鏄綘鎯蟲姠鎴戠殑宸ヤ綔銆?/span>”緇撴灉灝辨洿涓嶅牚璁炬兂銆傛樉鐒訛紝褰撲綘鐩存帴娌熼氭椂錛屼笉瑕佽瀵歸敊錛屼笉瑕佺寽嫻嬪埆浜虹殑鍔ㄦ満錛屾洿涓嶈鍐嶈秮鏈鴻ˉ涓鍙ャ傛渶鏈夋晥鐨勬矡閫氬氨鏄洿鎺ヨ皥鍒頒綘鐨勬劅鎯咃紝姣斿閭d綅鑰佹澘鍙互璇達細“褰撲綘鍦ㄩ偅涔堝浜洪潰鍓嶉獋鎴戞椂錛屾垜鎰熷埌澶卞幓灝婁弗錛岄潪甯鎬負闅俱?/span>”榪欐牱涓鍙ヨ瘽鏄笉鑳藉弽椹崇殑錛岀敋鑷沖彲鑳戒細寮曞彂鐞嗚В鍜屽悓鎯呫?/span>
褰撲綘鎬掔伀涓儳鏃訛紝鎶婃劋鎬掔殑璇濊漿鍙樻垚鎰熸х殑璇濆茍涓嶅鏄撱傝鍋氬埌榪欎竴鐐癸紝鎴戜滑鍙堥渶瑕佷緷闈?/span>“鑷”鍜?“鑷帶”銆傝嚜瑙変笉鍙槸璁よ瘑鑷繁鐨勮兘鍔涳紝鏇存槸璁よ瘑鑷繁鐨勬劅鎯呫傝嚜瑙夌殑浜虹煡閬撹嚜宸變綍鏃朵細鍠滄掑搥涔愶紝涔熺悊瑙e枩鎬掑搥涔愮殑瀹f硠浼氶犳垚浣曠鍚庢灉銆傚鏋滀粬鎰熷埌姘旀劋錛屼粬涓嶄細鐬棿鐖嗙偢錛屽洜涓轟粬鐭ラ亾鐖嗙偢鐨勫悗鏋滐紝浣嗕粬涔熶笉浼氬帇鎶戣嚜宸辯殑鎰熸儏錛屽洜涓洪偅浼氬蹇冪伒閫犳垚寰堝ぇ鐨勪激瀹籌紝浠栭氬父浼氬敖閲忚嚜鎺у湴鐢ㄦ渶鏈夊緩璁炬х殑鏂瑰紡澶勭悊銆傛闈€佹劅鎬х殑娌熼氬彲浠ラ檷浣庣伀鐖嗙殑姘旀皼銆傛劅鎯呭拰娌熼氶兘鏄渶鏈夋劅鏌撴х殑錛屼綘瀹屽叏鍙互鐢ㄦ湁寤鴻鎬х殑銆佸瀹圭殑鎬佸害鏉ヤ笌浠栦漢娌熼氬茍褰卞搷浠栦漢銆?/span>
鑷帶鏄竴縐嶅唴蹇冪殑鑷垜瀵硅瘽錛屽彲浠ユ彁閱掕嚜宸變笉瑕佽惤鍏ユ伓鍔f佸害鐨勯櫡闃便傞櫎浜嗕笂婧殑鐞嗘櫤鍒嗘瀽澶栵紝娣卞懠鍚告槸鏈蹇佹渶綆鍗曠殑鎯呯華璋冭妭鏂規硶錛屼腑鍥戒漢璇達細“蹇冩誕姘旇簛”銆?/span>“蹇冪涓嶅畞”銆?/span>“蹇冧貢濡傞夯”銆?/span>“蹇冪劍濡傜剼”錛屾寚鐨勯兘鏄績鎯呯磰涔卞拰鎯呯華鍙婄簿紲炵姸鎬佺殑鍏崇郴錛岃?/span>“姘斿畾紲為棽”銆?/span>“蹇冨畨鐞嗗緱”鏈鏂逛究鐨勪綔娉曞氨鏄繁鍛煎惛錛屼篃灝辮棄鐢辮皟姘旇皟鎭紝鎶婃皵璋冮『浜嗭紝姣旇緝鑳芥憜鑴辨儏緇殑鐗墊壇錛屽洖鍒扮悊鎬ф濊冦傜編鍥藉鏈夋毚鍔涜涓虹殑鍔犲浜猴紝閮戒細鏂戒互鍥綋鏁欒偛錛岃屾暀瀵間粬浠娓呮毚鍔涚殑姣佺伃鎬э紝瀛︿範鎺у埗鑷繁鐨勫啿鍔紝涔熷氨鏄噦寰?/span>“鍙仠”鎴?/span>“紱誨紑鐜板満”錛屼互淇濇姢鑷繁鍜屽鏂圭殑瀹夊叏錛岄伩鍏嶉摳鎴愬ぇ閿欍?/span>
濡傛灉璁や負鑷帶涓嶅鏄擄紝閭d箞錛屼綘鍙互璇蜂綘鐨勭煡蹇冨ソ鍙嬮殢鏃舵彁閱掍綘銆傛垜榪囧幓鐨勪竴涓佹澘甯稿父涓鐢熸皵灝變竴鍙戜笉鍙敹鎷撅紝鑰屼笖浠栫敓姘旈兘鏈夊墠鍏嗭細浠栦細鍏堢敤鍒侀捇鐨勯棶棰樿冨掍綘錛岀劧鍚庝粬寮濮嬫垬鎶栵紝鏈鍚庝粬鎵嶅彂鑴炬皵銆備絾浠栨兂鏀規帀榪欎釜姣涚梾錛屼簬鏄粬瑕佹眰鎴戝湪姣忔鐪嬪埌鍓嶅厗鏃訛紝鐢ㄤ竴鍙?/span>“瀵嗚”錛堝“璁╂垜浠█褰掓浼犲惂”錛夋潵鎻愰啋浠栥傚嚑嬈?/span>“瀵嗚”鎻愰啋涔嬪悗錛屼粬灝辨湁浜嗚嚜瑙夊拰鑷帶鐨勮兘鍔涳紝鍐嶄篃涓嶉渶瑕佸埆浜烘彁閱掍簡銆?/span>
蹇箰鐨勭涓夋錛氭湁浜哄垎浜揩涔愬姞鍊嶏紝鏈変漢鍒嗘媴鐥涜嫤鍑忓崐
縐戝鐮旂┒鍛婅瘔鎴戜滑錛岃皟鑺傝嚜宸辯殑蹇冩儏鏈濂界殑鏂規硶灝辨槸鎵懼埌鐭ュ績鐨勪漢鍊捐瘔鍜屾矡閫氥傜瀛︾殑鏍規嵁鏄紝鎰熸儏婧愪簬浜鴻剳鐨刲ymbic緋葷粺錛岃岃緋葷粺涓昏闈犱笌浠栦漢鐨勬帴瑙﹁皟鑺傘傜瀛﹁瘉鏄庯紝鍦ㄤ竴璧蜂氦璋堢殑涓や釜浜轟細鎱㈡參杈懼埌鍚屾牱鐨勫績鐞嗙姸鎬侊紙鍠滄掑搥涔愶級鍜岀敓鐞嗙姸鎬侊紙浣撴俯銆佸績璺崇瓑錛夈傚洜姝わ紝鑻ユ兂杈懼埌鎰熸儏鐨勫鉤琛★紝鎴戜滑蹇呴』鎳傚緱渚濋潬鍒漢銆備笌浜烘矡閫氭槸鎻愬崌浣犵殑鎯呭晢鍜屽揩涔愮殑鍞竴鏂規硶銆備笌涓栭殧緇濈殑浜哄彧浼氳秺鏉ヨ秺鑻﹂椃銆傝タ鏂規湁涓鍙よ皻錛?/span>“鏈変漢鍒嗕韓蹇箰鍔犲嶏紝鏈変漢鍒嗘媴鐥涜嫤鍑忓崐銆?/span>”椹姞鐖墊墍璋撶殑鐪熸儏錛屽簲璇ュ氨鏄寚鑳藉垎浜績鎯呫佸唴蹇冪殑浜哄惂錛?
鎵浠ワ紝濡傛灉浣犳儏緇笉濂斤紝鎴栧彈浜嗗灞堟椂錛屽簲澶氬悜鐖舵瘝銆佹湅鍙嬪捐瘔錛屼笉瑕佸儚椹姞鐖甸偅鏍鋒繪妸璇濋椃鍦ㄥ績閲岋紝鍙鏃ヨ鍊捐瘔銆傞┈鍔犵埖寰堣嫤闂鳳紝鍗存病鏈夊捐瘔鑻﹂椃鐨勬笭閬撱備粬璇達細“鎴戝湪瀛︽牎涓涓湅鍙嬩篃娌℃湁錛屾垜鍦ㄥ鏍¢偅涔堣惤欖?#8230;…鍦ㄥ悇縐嶅鐙腑闂達紝浜烘渶鎬曠簿紲炰笂鐨勫鐙?/span>”椹姞鐖靛湪浜洪檯浜ゅ線涓鍒板緢澶氶殰紕嶏紝榪欎簺闅滅甯︾粰浠栬嫤闂鳳紝鑰岃繖浜涜嫤闂峰張娌℃湁娓犻亾瀹f硠錛岃繘鑰岄犳垚鏇村ぇ鐨勮嫤闂楓傝繖涓伓鎬у驚鐜渶緇堝鑷翠簡鎮插墽鐨勫彂鐢熴傚叾瀹烇紝椹姞鐖電殑鍐呭績鐙櫧錛岃瘉鏄庝粬鏄竴涓湁鑷鐨勪漢錛屼粬鑳界湅娓呰嚜宸辯殑鍥板錛屽彲鎯滀粬灝嗚嚜宸遍攣鍦ㄨ嚜鎴戝皝闂殑鐗㈢閲岋紝璁╀粐鎭ㄦ妸浠栧甫鍚戞瘉鐏傝寰楀幓騫達紝闈炲吀椋庢嘗錛屾渶鎭愭栫殑濞佽儊灝辨槸琚殧紱伙紝鍙槸騫蟲棩閲屾垜浠嵈甯稿拷鐣ヤ簡蹇冮噷鐨勫绔嬶紝浣挎垜浠拰蹇箰緇濈紭銆?/span>
瑕佸緱鍒板揩涔愶紝浣犻渶瑕佸菇榛樸佷箰瑙傜殑鎯蟲硶鍜屾矡閫氥傚湪鎵鏈夌殑娌熼氫腑錛?/span>“絎?/span>”鐨勬劅鏌撳姏鏄渶澶х殑銆傝墮瞾澶у鐨勭爺絀跺彂鐜幫紝“絎?/span>”鐨勬劅鏌撳姏瓚呰繃浜嗘墍鏈夊叾浠栨劅鎯咃紝浜轟滑鎬諱細鍙嶅皠寮忓湴浠ュ井絎戞潵鍥炴姤浣犵殑寰瑧錛岃屽紑鎬鐨勫ぇ絎戞洿鑳借繀閫熷垱閫犱竴涓交鏉劇殑姘旀皼錛屾澶栵紝騫介粯鐨勭瑧涔熻兘淇冭繘鐩鎬簰淇′換錛屾縺鍙戠伒鎰熴備箰瑙傘佹闈㈡濊冪殑鍔涢噺鏄棤絀風殑銆傝繎騫存潵蹇ч儊鐥囧凡鎴愪負鍏ㄤ笘鐣屾潵鍔挎憊姹圭殑蹇冪悊鐤劇梾錛岃屽叾鍜岃礋闈㈡濊冩湁鏋佸ぇ鐨勫叧緋伙紝鏈変簺浜轟範鎯捇鐗涜灝栵紝寰鎮茶鏃犲姪鐨勬柟鍚戞兂錛屽洶鍦ㄦ鑳″悓涓傚鏋滆兘鎹釜瑙掑害錛屽崐鏉按鏈変竴鍗婃弧鐨勮岄潪涓鍗婄┖鐨勶紒鐜板湪鐨勪笉濡傛剰錛屼唬琛ㄦ湁鏃犻檺鎴愰暱榪涙鐨勭┖闂淬傚涔犳鏌ヨ嚜宸憋紝甯鎬繚姝e康銆?/span>
鏃犺鏄┍閫愭偛浼ゆ垨鏄幏鍙栧揩涔愶紝鎴戜滑閮介渶瑕佷粠鍊捐瘔鍜屾矡閫氫腑寰楀埌姝i潰鐨勬縺鍔便傛渶鑷劧鐨勬矡閫氬璞″彲鑳芥槸浣犵殑浜蹭漢錛岀壒鍒槸浣犵殑鐖舵瘝銆傛垜鐩鎬俊錛屾墍鏈夌殑鐖舵瘝閮芥効鎰忓惉瀛╁瓙鐨勫捐瘔銆?/span>
浣嗘槸錛?/span>“鍦ㄥ闈犵埗姣嶏紝鍑哄闈犳湅鍙?/span>”錛屾墍浠ユ垜浠篃闇瑕佸拰鐭ュ績鏈嬪弸娌熼氥佸捐瘔銆備氦鏈嬪弸鏃朵笉瑕佸彧鐪嬫湅鍙嬬殑鍡滃ソ鍜屼釜鎬э紝鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄紝浣犻渶瑕佷竴浜涗細榧撳姳浜虹殑銆佷箰瑙傜殑銆佸菇榛樼殑銆佽瘹鎭崇殑銆佹湁鍚岀悊蹇冪殑銆佷箰浜庡姪浜虹殑銆佹効鎰忓惉浜鴻瘔璇寸殑鏈嬪弸銆備篃璁鎬綘浼氳錛?/span>“鎴戞病鏈夎繖鏍風殑鏈嬪弸錛屼篃涓嶆暍鍘諱貢鎵炬湅鍙嬶紝濡傛灉鍒漢鎷掔粷鎬庝箞鍔烇紵”濡傛灉鍒漢鎷掔粷浣狅紝浣犳病鏈夊け鍘諱換浣曚笢瑗匡紝浣嗗鏋滃埆浜烘帴鍙椾綘錛屼綘鍙兘鍥犳鎵懼埌浣犺嚜宸便?/span>
鎴戝笇鏈涗綘涔熶細鍦ㄥ鎵懼ソ鍙嬬殑榪囩▼涓紝涔熻鑷繁鎴愪負榪欐牱涓涓細榧撳姳浜虹殑銆佷箰瑙傜殑銆佸菇榛樼殑銆佽瘹鎭崇殑銆佹湁鍚岀悊蹇冪殑銆佷箰浜庡姪浜虹殑銆佹効鎰忓惉浜鴻瘔璇寸殑浜猴紝騫跺敖鍔涘幓甯姪浣犲懆鍥寸殑浜蹭漢鍜屾湅鍙嬨傚敮鏈夋洿澶氫漢鎰挎剰浠樺嚭錛屽揩涔愭墠鑳芥洿榪呴熷湴閫氳繃浜洪檯緗戞墿鏁c?/span>
緇欎腑鍥藉鐢熺殑紲濈
鎴戜竴鐩翠俊濂変互涓嬪仛浜嬬殑涓夊師鍒欙細鏈夊媷姘旀潵鏀瑰彉鍙互鏀瑰彉鐨勪簨鎯咃紝鏈夊害閲忔帴鍙椾笉鍙敼鍙樼殑浜嬫儏錛屾湁鏅烘収鏉ュ垎杈ㄤ袱鑰呯殑涓嶅悓銆?/span>
紲濈涓浗鐨勫鐢燂紝褰撲綘紕板埌鎸姌鏃訛紝鑳界敤榪欎笁涓師鍒欙紝浠ュ害閲忋佸媷姘斻佹櫤鎱ф潵甯姪浣犳浮榪囬毦鍏熾?/span>
紲濈涓浗鐨勫鐢燂紝褰撲綘榪芥眰鎴愬姛銆佽嚜淇°佸揩涔愭椂錛屼笉瑕佸繕浜嗘垚鍔熸槸澶氬厓鍖栫殑錛屼笉瑕佸繕浜嗚嚜淇℃槸鑷鑰岄潪鑷偛錛屼笉瑕佸繕浜嗗揩涔愮殑浜烘昏兘鐞嗚В銆佹帴鍙楀拰鍠滄鑷繁銆?/span>
紲濈涓浗鐨勫鐢燂紝褰撲綘閫愭鑾峰緱鎴愬姛銆佽嚜淇°佸揩涔愭椂錛屼細鍙戠幇涓涓壇鎬у驚鐜細浠庢垚鍔熼噷寰楀埌鑷俊鍜屽揩涔愶紝浠庤嚜淇¢噷寰楀埌蹇箰鍜屾垚鍔燂紝浠庡揩涔愰噷寰楀埌鎴愬姛鍜岃嚜淇°?/span>
紲濈涓浗鐨勫鐢燂紝褰撲綘鎷ユ湁鎴愬姛銆佽嚜淇°佸揩涔愬悗錛屼笉瑕佸繕浜嗗府鍔╀粬浜鴻幏寰楁垚鍔熴佽嚜淇″拰蹇箰銆?/span>
2003騫?2鏈?/span>
涓夊勾鍓嶇寮涓浗鏃訛紝鎴戝湪銆婄粰涓浗瀛︾敓鐨勪竴灝佷俊銆嬩腑錛屼笌騫垮ぇ闈掑勾瀛︾敓涓閬擄紝璁ㄨ浜嗕竴浜涘ぇ瀹跺叡鍚屽叧蹇冪殑璇濋錛屽茍緇撳悎鑷繁鐨勫涔犲拰宸ヤ綔緇忓巻錛屽氨闈掑勾瀛︾敓濡備綍瀵瑰緟鏈洪亣銆佸涓氥佸伐浣溿佷粬浜恒佽嚜宸辯瓑闂錛岄槓榪頒簡鎴戠殑涓漢鎰忚銆傛垜鎻愬嚭璇氫俊鍜屾鐩淬佷富鍔ㄦ剰璇嗐佷氦嫻佸拰娌熼氥佸姫鍔涗竴鐢熷涔犺繖鍑犱釜涓漢绱犺川鏂歸潰鍊煎緱涓浗瀛︾敓楂樺害閲嶈錛屽湪榪欎笁騫達紝璁稿涓浗瀛︾敓錛岀粡榪囩數瀛愰偖浠躲佽搴у悗鐨勯棶絳斻佸駭璋堛佸拰鍏朵粬娓犻亾錛堜緥濡傚湪鐢佃鑺傜洰“瀵硅瘽”涓級錛屽父瀵規垜鎻愬埌“濡備綍鎴愭墠”鐨勯棶棰樸傚浜庤繖涓ぇ瀹跺叧娉ㄧ殑闂錛屾垜鏁寸悊浜嗚澶氭潗鏂欙紝闆嗘垚榪欏皝“絎簩灝佷俊”銆?/span>
鍦ㄧ涓灝佷俊鍔涙墍鎻愬埌鐨勪釜浜虹礌璐ㄦ垨“浠峰艱”鏄垚鏉愮殑蹇呰鐨勫熀紜銆備絾鏄紝闄や簡绱犺川涔嬪錛屾垚鎵嶅悓鏍風殑闇瑕侀瀵艱兘鍔涳紙leadership錛夈傚緢澶氫漢璇互涓洪瀵艱兘鍔涙渶閲嶈鐨勬槸澶╄祫銆佸彿鍙姏銆佺鐞嗚兘鍔涖備絾鏄紝鏍規嵁鎴戜釜浜虹殑緇忛獙錛屽拰鏈榪戜竴浜涚爺絀剁殑緇撹錛屽鏋滀綘鎯蟲垚涓轟竴鍚嶆垚鍔熺殑棰嗗錛屾渶閲嶈鐨勪笉鏄綘鐨勬櫤鍟嗭紙IQ錛?鑰屾槸浣犵殑鎯呭晢錛圗Q錛夈傛渶閲嶈鐨勪笉鏄鎴愪負涓涓湁鍙峰彫鍔涗護浜轟俊鏈嶇殑棰嗗錛岃屾槸瑕佹垚涓轟竴涓湁 “璋﹁櫄”銆?/span>“鎵ц憲”鍜?/span>“鍕囨皵” 鐨勯瀵箋?/span>
榪?/span>“緇欎腑鍥藉鐢熺殑絎簩灝佷俊”鏄負閭d簺甯屾湜涓嶆柇鎻愰珮鑷繁錛屼笉鏂涔犱簨涓氭垚鍔熸墍蹇呴渶鐨勫熀鏈妧鑳藉拰棰嗗鑹烘湳鐨勪漢鎵鍐欑殑銆傜涓閮ㄥ垎閲嶇敵浜嗐婄粰涓浗瀛︾敓鐨勪竴灝佷俊銆嬩腑璁ㄨ榪囩殑鏈夊叧涓漢绱犺川鐨勮瘽棰橈紱絎簩閮ㄥ垎闃愰噴浜嗛瀵艱兘鍔涗腑鏈閲嶈鐨勬儏鍟嗭紱絎笁閮ㄥ垎緇欏嚭浜嗗崜瓚婄殑棰嗗鎵蹇呴』鍏峰鐨勩佹湁鍒簬鏅氫漢鐨勫熀鏈壒璐ㄣ?/span>
濡備綍鎻愰珮涓漢绱犺川
璇氫俊鍜屾鐩?/span>
涓涓漢鐨勪漢鍝佸浣曠洿鎺ュ喅瀹氫簡榪欎釜浜哄浜庣ぞ浼氱殑浠峰箋傝屽湪涓庝漢鍝佺浉鍏崇殑鍚勭鍥犵礌涔嬩腑錛岃瘹淇″張鏄渶涓洪噸瑕佺殑涓鐐廣傚井杞叕鍙稿湪鐢ㄤ漢鏃墮潪甯稿己璋冭瘹淇★紝鎴戜滑鍙泧浣i偅浜涙渶鍊煎緱淇¤禆鐨勪漢銆傚幓騫達紝褰撳井杞垪鍑哄鍛樺伐鏈熸湜鐨?/span>“鏍稿績浠峰艱”鏃訛紝璇氫俊錛坔onesty and integrity錛夎鍒椾負涓浣嶃?/span>
鍦ㄦ垜鍙戣〃“絎竴灝佷俊”鍚庯紝鏇劇粡鏈変竴浣嶅悓瀛﹂棶鎴戯細涓轟粈涔堜竴涓叕鍙歌娑夊叆鍛樺伐鐨勯亾寰峰憿錛熸垜鍥炵瓟錛氳繖鏄負浜嗗叕鍙歌嚜宸辯殑鍒╃泭銆備緥濡傦紝涓浣嶅簲鑱樿呭湪闈㈣瘯鏃舵浘瀵規垜璇達紝濡傛灉浠栬兘鍔犲叆寰蔣鍏徃錛屼粬灝卞彲浠ユ妸浠栧湪鍓嶄竴瀹跺叕鍙告墍鍋氱殑鍙戞槑鎴愭灉甯﹁繃鏉ャ傚榪欐牱鐨勪漢錛屾棤璁轟粬鐨勬妧鏈按騫沖浣曪紝鎴戦兘涓嶄細闆囩敤浠栥備粬鏃㈢劧鍙互鍦ㄥ姞鍏ュ井杞椂鎹熷鍏堝墠鍏徃鐨勫埄鐩婏紝閭d粬涔熶竴瀹氫細鍦ㄥ姞鍏ュ井杞悗鎹熷寰蔣鍏徃鐨勫埄鐩娿?/span>
鍙﹀鏈変竴浣嶅悓瀛︾湅浜?/span>“瀵硅瘽”鍚庨棶鎴戯紝涓轟粈涔堟垜浼氭妸璇氫俊鏀懼湪鏅烘収涔嬪墠鍛紵闅鵑亾鎴戜滑浼氬幓琛¢噺鍛樺伐鐨勮瘹淇″拰浠栦滑鐨勬櫤鎱ц岀粰璇氫俊鏇撮珮鐨勬瘮閲嶏紵鍏跺疄錛屾垜浠殑琛¢噺閮藉湪鐩存帴鐨勫伐浣滅洰鏍囦笂錛屽茍涓嶄細瀵硅瘹淇℃垨鏅烘収鍋氱洿鎺ョ殑琛¢噺銆備絾鏄紝浣滀負絎竴“鏍稿績浠峰?/span>”錛岃瘹淇℃槸鎴戜滑瀵瑰憳宸ユ渶鍩烘湰鐨勮姹傘?鎴戜滑鏍規湰涓嶄細鍘婚泧鐢ㄦ病鏈夎瘹淇$殑浜恒傚鏋滀竴涓憳宸ュ彂鐢熶簡涓ラ噸璇氫俊鐨勯棶棰橈紝浠栦細琚珛鍒昏В闆囥?/span>
褰撲竴涓叕鍙歌繖涔堥噸瑙嗚瘹淇★紝鍛樺伐涓瀹氭洿鍊煎緱淇¤禆銆傚洜姝わ紝鍏徃瀵瑰憳宸ヤ篃鑳藉瀹屽叏淇′換錛岃浠栦滑鍙戞尌鑷繁鐨勬墠鑳姐傚湪寰蔣鍏徃錛屽叕鍙哥殑鍚勭駭綆$悊鑰呴兘浼氱粰鍛樺伐杈冨ぇ鐨勮嚜鐢卞拰絀洪棿鍙戝睍浠栦滑鐨勪簨涓氾紝騫跺湪宸ヤ綔鍜岀敓媧諱笂鍏呭垎淇′換銆佹敮鎸佸拰甯姪鍛樺伐銆傚彧瑕佹槸寰蔣褰曠敤鐨勪漢錛屽井杞氨浼氱櫨鍒嗕箣鐧懼湴淇′換浠栥傚拰涓浜涜蔣浠朵紒涓氬鍛樺伐澶勫鎻愰槻鐨勫仛娉曚笉鍚岋紝寰蔣鍏徃鍐呯殑鍛樺伐鍙互鐪嬪埌璁稿婧愪唬鐮侊紝鎺ヨЕ鍒板緢澶氭妧鏈垨鍟嗕笟鏂歸潰鐨勬満瀵嗐傛鍥犱負濡傛寰楀埌鍏徃鐨勪俊浠伙紝寰蔣鐨勫憳宸ュ鍏徃鎵嶆湁鏇村己鐨勮矗浠誨績鍜屾洿楂樼殑宸ヤ綔鐑儏銆?/span>
鍩瑰吇涓誨姩鎰忚瘑
鍧︾櫧鍦拌錛屼腑鍥界殑瀛︾敓鍜岃亴鍛樺ぇ澶氬睘浜庢瘮杈冨唴鍚戠殑綾誨瀷錛屽湪瀛︿範鍜屽伐浣滀腑榪樹笉澶熶富鍔ㄣ傚湪瀛︽牎鏃訛紝瀛︾敓浠線寰闇瑕佽佸笀瀹夋帓瀛︿範浠誨姟錛屾垨鏄寜鐓ц佸笀鐨勬濊礬鍋氳棰樼爺絀躲傚湪鍏徃閲岋紝涓浗鑱屽憳甯稿父瑕佺瓑鑰佹澘鍚╁拹鍋氫粈涔堜簨銆佹庝箞鍋氫箣鍚庯紝鎵嶅紑濮嬪伐浣溿傛澶栵紝璁稿涓浗浜哄茍涓嶅杽浜庢帹閿鍜屽浼犺嚜宸憋紝榪欐亹鎬曞拰涓浗鑷彜浠ユ潵璁叉眰涓焊鐨勬枃鍖栨皼鍥存湁寰堝ぇ鍏崇郴銆?/span>
浣嗘槸錛岃鎯沖湪鐜頒唬浼佷笟涓幏寰楁垚鍔燂紝灝卞繀欏誨姫鍔涘煿鍏昏嚜宸辯殑涓誨姩鎰忚瘑錛氬湪宸ヤ綔涓鍕囦簬鎵挎媴璐d換錛屼富鍔ㄤ負鑷繁璁懼畾宸ヤ綔鐩爣錛屽茍涓嶆柇鏀硅繘鏂瑰紡鍜屾柟娉曪紱姝ゅ錛岃繕搴斿綋鍩瑰吇鎺ㄩ攢鑷繁鐨勮兘鍔涳紝鍦ㄩ瀵兼垨鍚屼簨闈㈠墠瑕佸杽浜庤〃鐜拌嚜宸辯殑浼樼偣錛屾湁浜嗙爺絀舵垚鏋滄垨鎶鏈垱鏂頒箣鍚庤閫氳繃婕旇銆佸睍紺恒佷氦嫻併佽鏂囩瓑鏂瑰紡鍜屽悓浜嬫垨鍚岃鍒嗕韓錛屽湪宸ヤ綔涓姱浜嗛敊璇篃瑕佸媷浜庢壙璁ゃ傚彧鏈夌Н鏋佷富鍔ㄧ殑浜烘墠鑳藉湪鐬伅涓囧彉鐨勭珵浜夌幆澧冧腑鑾峰緱鎴愬姛錛屽彧鏈夊杽浜庡睍紺鴻嚜宸辯殑浜烘墠鑳藉湪宸ヤ綔涓幏寰楃湡姝g殑鏈轟細銆?/span>
瀹㈣銆佺洿鎺ョ殑浜ゆ祦鍜屾矡閫?/span>
寮璇氬竷鍏殑浜ゆ祦鍜屾矡閫氭槸鍥㈤槦鍚堜綔涓渶閲嶈鐨勭幆鑺傘備漢涓庝漢涔嬮棿閬伄鎺╂帺銆佽█涓嶇敱琛風敋鑷蟲寫鎷ㄦ槸闈炵殑鍋氭硶閮戒細涓ラ噸鐮村潖鍥㈤槦涓殑宸ヤ綔姘涘洿錛岄樆紕嶅洟闃熸垚鍛橀棿鐨勬甯鎬氦嫻侊紝騫舵渶緇堝鑷撮」鐩垨浼佷笟緇忚惀澶辮觸銆?/span>
姣斿錛屽湪寮浼氳璁洪棶棰樼殑鏃跺欙紝涓庝細鐨勬墍鏈変漢鍛橀兘搴斿綋鍧﹁瘹鍦頒氦鎹㈡剰瑙侊紝榪欐牱鎵嶈兘鍋氬嚭姝g‘鐨勫喅瀹氥傚鏋滄煇涓漢鍥犱負鑰冭檻鍒版煇浜涘叾浠栧洜绱狅紙姣斿涓嶆効鍙嶉┏涓婄駭棰嗗鐨勬剰瑙侊級鑰屽湪浼氳涓婁笉鏁㈣〃杈捐嚜宸辯殑瑙傜偣錛屼竴鍛沖湴鍞敮璇鴻錛屼細鍚庡埌浜嗘礂鎵嬮棿閲屽啀鍜屽埆浜鴻“鍏跺疄鎴戜笉鍚屾剰浠栫殑瑙傜偣”錛岃繖縐嶆埓鐫鍋囬潰鍏峰伐浣滅殑浜轟笉浣嗕笉鑳藉潥鎸佽嚜宸辯殑瑙傜偣錛岃繕浼氱牬鍧忓叕鍙稿唴閮ㄧ殑娌熼氬拰浜ゆ祦娓犻亾錛屽宸ヤ綔浜х敓璐熼潰鐨勫獎鍝嶃?/span>
寰蔣鍏徃鏈変竴涓潪甯稿ソ鐨勬枃鍖栧彨“寮鏀懼紡浜ゆ祦錛圤pen communication錛?/span>”錛屽畠瑕佹眰鎵鏈夊憳宸ュ湪浠諱綍浜ゆ祦鎴栨矡閫氱殑鍦哄悎閲岄兘鑳芥暈寮蹇冩墘錛屽畬鏁村湴琛ㄨ揪鑷繁鐨勮鐐廣傚湪寰蔣寮浼氭椂錛屽ぇ瀹跺鏋滄剰瑙佷笉緇熶竴錛屼竴瀹氳琛ㄨ揪鍑烘潵錛屽惁鍒欏叕鍙稿彲鑳介敊榪囪壇鏈恒傚綋Internet鍒氬紑濮嬫椂錛屽緢澶氬井杞殑棰嗗鑰呬笉鐞嗚В銆佷笉璧炴垚鑺卞お澶氱簿鍔涘仛榪欎釜“涓嶆專閽?/span>”鐨勬妧鏈備絾鏄湁鍑犱綅鎶鏈漢鍛橈紝浠栦滑涓嶆柇鍦版彁鍑轟粬浠殑鎰忚鍜屽緩璁紝铏界劧浠栦滑鐨勪笂鍙鎬笉鐞嗚В錛屼絾鏄粛鐒舵敮鎸佷粬浠?/span>“寮鏀懼紡浜ゆ祦”鐨勬潈鍒┿傚悗鏉ワ紝浠栦滑鐨勫0闊沖緢蹇殑鍒拌揪姣斿皵•鐩栬尐鐨勮抽噷錛屼績鎴愭瘮灝旀敼鍙樺叕鍙告柟鍚戯紝褰誨簳鏀寔Internet銆備粠榪欎釜渚嬪瓙鎴戜滑鍙互鐪嬪埌錛岃繖縐嶅紑鏀劇殑浜ゆ祦鐜瀵瑰井杞叕鍙鎬繚鎸佷紒涓氭椿鍔涘拰鍒涙柊鑳藉姏閮芥槸闈炲父閲嶈鐨勩?/span>
褰誨簳鐨勫紑鏀懼紡浜ゆ祦涔熸湁緙虹偣銆傚紑鏀懼紡浜ゆ祦鏈夋椂浼氶犳垚嬋鐑堢殑杈╄鐢氳嚦鏄簤鍚碉紝鑰屽惖鍒版皵澶翠笂鏈夋椂浼氳鍑轟笉灝婇噸鍒漢鐨勮璦錛屼細鐮村潖浜轟笌浜轟箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴銆傚洜姝わ紝寰蔣鍏徃鐨勬昏鍙茶拏澶?/span>•椴嶅皵榛樺幓騫村湪寰蔣鐨勬牳蹇冧環鍊艱涓紝鎻愬嚭鎴戜滑瑕佹妸榪欑寮鏀懼紡浜ゆ祦鏂囧寲鏀硅繘鎴?/span>“寮鏀懼茍鐩鎬簰灝婇噸錛圤pen and respectful錛?/span>”銆傝繖瑕佹眰鎴戜滑鍦ㄧ浉浜掍氦嫻佹椂鍏呭垎灝婇噸瀵規柟銆傚綋鎴戜滑涓嶅悓鎰忓鏂圭殑鎰忚鏃訛紝涓瀹氳鐢ㄥ緩璁炬х殑璇█鎻愬嚭銆?/span>
鎸戞垬鑷垜銆佸鏃犳澧?/span>
浠庝竴鍚嶅ぇ瀛︾敓鍒頒竴鍚嶇▼搴忓憳錛屽啀鍒頒竴浣嶇鐞嗚咃紝鍦ㄨ蔣浠朵漢鎵嶇殑鎴愰暱鍘嗙▼涓紝瀛︿範鏄案鏃犳澧冪殑銆傚湪澶у鏈熼棿錛屾垜浠鎵撳ソ鍩虹錛屽煿鍏昏嚜宸卞悇鏂歸潰鐨勭礌璐ㄥ拰鑳藉姏錛涘伐浣滀互鍚庯紝鎴戜滑搴斿綋鍔姏鍦ㄥ疄闄呭伐浣滀腑瀛︿範鏂扮殑鎶鏈茍縐瘡鐩稿叧緇忛獙錛涘嵆浣胯蛋涓婁簡綆$悊宀椾綅錛屾垜浠篃搴斿綋涓嶆柇瀛︿範錛屼笉鏂彁楂樿嚜宸便傝蔣浠朵駭涓氭湰韜氨鏄竴涓瘡澶╅兘浼氭湁鏂版妧鏈佹柊姒傚康璇炵敓錛屽厖婊′簡媧誨姏鍜屽垱閫犲姏鐨勪駭涓氥備綔涓鴻蔣浠朵駭涓氱殑浠庝笟浜哄憳錛屽鏋滃彧鐭ラ亾闂棬閫犺濺銆佹姳孌嬪畧緙猴紝鎴戜滑灝卞繀鐒朵細钀戒紞錛屽繀鐒朵細琚競鍦烘窐姹般?/span>
璁稿涓浗瀛︾敓鍠滄涓庡埆浜虹珵浜夛紝浣嗚繖縐嶇珵浜夋洿澶氬湴琛ㄧ幇涓轟竴縐?/span>“闆跺拰娓告垙”錛屾棤娉曚嬌鑷繁鍜屼粬浜哄緱鍒扮湡姝g殑鎻愰珮銆傛垜寤鴻澶у鏈濂借兘涓嶆柇鍜岃嚜宸辯珵浜?/span>鈥斺?/span>涓嶈鎬繪兂鐫鑳滆繃鍒漢錛岃岃鍔姏瓚呰秺鑷垜錛屼笉鏂湪鑷韓鐨勬按騫充笂鍙栧緱榪涙銆?/span>
鍦ㄥ涔犵殑榪囩▼涓紝鎵撳ソ鍩虹鏈涓洪噸瑕併備粠杞歡浜т笟瀵逛漢鎵嶇殑闇姹傛潵鐪嬶紝鎴戜滑蹇呴』瀛﹀ソ鏁板鍜岃嫳璇繖涓ら棬鍩虹瀛︾銆傛暟瀛︽槸鎵鏈夊伐紼嬬瀛︾殑鍩虹錛屾棤璁烘槸杞歡浜у搧鐨勫紑鍙戯紝榪樻槸杞歡鎶鏈殑鐮旂┒錛岄兘瑕佸ぇ閲忎嬌鐢ㄦ暟瀛︽柟娉曞拰鏁板鍘熺悊銆傝嫳鏂囧垯鏄蔣浠惰涓氫腑鐨勫浗闄呴氱敤璇█錛岃鎯充簡瑙e浗闄呬笂杞歡鎶鏈殑鍙戝睍瓚嬪娍錛屾帉鎻℃渶鏂扮殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉錛屾垨鏄笌鍥藉鍚岃榪涜鎶鏈氦嫻侊紝灝卞繀欏繪帉鎻¤嫳鏂囩殑鍚佽銆佽銆佸啓錛岃兘澶熷湪宸ヤ綔涓啛緇冧嬌鐢ㄨ嫳鏂囨潵瑙e喅闂銆?/span>
鎯呭晢鍜岄瀵艱兘鍔?/span>
鍚屽浠兘甯屾湜澧炶繘鑷繁鐨刲eadership skills錛堥瀵艱兘鍔涳級銆備粠鎴戠殑緇忛獙鍜屼竴浜涙渶榪戠殑鐮旂┒緇撴灉鐪嬫潵錛岄瀵艱兘鍔涗腑鏈閲嶈鐨勬槸鎵璋撶殑“鎯呭晢”( EQ錛夈?/span>
鏅哄晢錛圛Q錛夊弽鏄犱漢鐨勬櫤鎱ф按騫籌紝鎯呭晢鍒欏弽鏄犱簡浜哄湪鎯呮劅銆佹儏緇柟闈㈢殑鑷帶鍜屽崗璋冭兘鍔涖傚湪楂樻柊鎶鏈紒涓氫腑錛屽ぇ瀹墮兘鐭ラ亾鏅烘収鐨勯噸瑕侊紝浣嗘槸鎯呭晢鐨勯噸瑕佹х敋鑷寵秴榪囦簡鏅哄晢銆傛垜鐪嬭繃涓綃囨枃绔狅紝璇ユ枃鐨勪綔鑰呰皟鏌ヤ簡188涓叕鍙革紝浠栫敤蹇冪悊瀛︽柟娉曟祴璇曚簡榪欎簺鍏徃閲屾瘡涓鍚嶅憳宸ョ殑鏅哄晢鍜屾儏鍟嗭紝騫跺皢嫻嬭瘯緇撴灉鍜岃鍛樺伐鍦ㄥ伐浣滀笂鐨勮〃鐜拌仈緋誨湪涓璧瘋繘琛屽垎鏋愩傜粡榪囩爺絀訛紝璇ユ枃鐨勪綔鑰呭彂鐜幫紝鍦ㄥ涓漢宸ヤ綔涓氱嘩鐨勫獎鍝嶆柟闈紝鎯呭晢鐨勫獎鍝嶅姏鏄櫤鍟嗙殑涓ゅ嶃傛澶栵紝浠栬繕涓撻棬瀵瑰叕鍙鎬腑鐨勯珮綰х鐞嗚呰繘琛屼簡鍒嗘瀽銆備粬鍙戠幇鍦ㄩ珮綰х鐞嗚呬腑錛屾儏鍟嗗浜庝釜浜烘垚璐ョ殑褰卞搷鍔涙槸鏅哄晢鐨勪節鍊嶃傝繖璇存槑錛屾櫤鍟嗙暐閫婁粬浜虹殑浜哄鏋滄嫢鏈夋洿楂樼殑鎯呭晢鎸囨暟錛屼篃涓鏍峰彲浠ヨ幏寰楁垚鍔燂紱鍙嶄箣錛屾櫤鍟嗗緢楂橈紝浣嗘儏鍟嗕笉瓚崇殑浜烘瑺緙?/span>“棰嗗鑳藉姏”錛屽緢闅炬垚涓轟竴涓垚鍔熺殑棰嗗銆?/span>
浠涔堟槸鎯呭晢錛?/span>
鍦ㄧ幇浠gぞ浼氾紝濡傛灉浣犲彧鐭ラ亾鏅哄晢鑰屼笉鏅撳緱鎯呭晢鐨勮瘽錛屼綘鑷沖皯鍦ㄦ剰璇嗕笂宸茬粡钀戒紞浜嗐傝澶氬績鐞嗗瀹舵棭宸叉槑紜湴鎸囧嚭錛屽崟鍗曚嬌鐢ㄦ櫤鍟嗙殑鏍囧噯鑰冨療涓涓漢鍦ㄦ墠鏅烘柟闈㈢殑琛ㄧ幇錛屽茍涓嶈凍浠ュ噯紜嫻嬭繖涓漢鍦ㄤ簨涓氫笂鍙兘鍙栧緱鐨勬垚灝便備負浜嗗叏闈㈣冨療涓漢鑳藉姏錛岀壒鍒槸鑰冨療涓漢鍦ㄧぞ浼氱敓媧諱腑鐨勯傚簲鑳藉姏鍜屽垱閫犺兘鍔涳紝蹇冪悊瀛﹀浠彁鍑轟簡鎯呭晢鐨勬蹇點?/span>
鎯呭晢涓昏鏄寚閭d簺涓庤璇嗚嚜鎴戙佹帶鍒舵儏緇佹縺鍔辮嚜宸變互鍙婂鐞嗕漢闄呭叧緋葷瓑鐩稿叧鐨勪釜浜鴻兘鍔涖傚湪鎯呭晢鎵鎻忚堪鐨勫悇欏硅兘鍔涘洜绱犱腑錛岃嚜瑙夈佸悓鐞嗗績銆佽嚜寰嬪拰浜洪檯鍏崇郴鏄洓縐嶅鐜頒唬浜虹殑浜嬩笟鎴愯觸璧峰喅瀹氭т綔鐢ㄧ殑鍏抽敭鍥犵礌銆?/span>
鏅哄晢鏄厛澶╄祴浜堢殑錛屼絾鏄儏鍟嗘槸鍙互鍩瑰吇鐨勩傚鑺卞姛澶悊瑙e拰搴旂敤榪欏洓縐嶆儏鍟嗙殑鍏抽敭鍥犵礌銆傞櫎姝や箣澶栵紝鍥犱負鎯呭晢涓嶆槸鑷繁鑳界湅娓呮鐨勶紝鎴戝緩璁彲澶氱悊瑙e埆浜哄浣犵殑鐪嬫硶銆佸鍚稿彇鍒漢錛堝挨鍏舵槸鎯呭晢楂樼殑浜猴級鐨勬剰瑙併?/span>
鑷
涓浗浜哄父璇達紝浜鴻吹鏈夎嚜鐭ヤ箣鏄庛傝繖瀹為檯涓婃槸璇達紝紺句細鐢熸椿涓殑姣忎釜浜洪兘搴斿綋瀵硅嚜宸辯殑绱犺川銆佹綔鑳姐佺壒闀褲佺己闄楓佺粡楠岀瓑鍚勭鍩烘湰鑳藉姏鏈変竴涓竻閱掔殑璁よ瘑錛屽鑷繁鍦ㄧぞ浼氬伐浣滅敓媧諱腑鍙兘鎵紨鐨勮鑹叉湁涓涓槑紜殑瀹氫綅銆傚績鐞嗗涓婃妸榪欑鏈夎嚜鐭ヤ箣鏄庣殑鑳藉姏縐頒負“鑷”錛岃繖閫氬父鍖呮嫭瀵熻鑷繁鐨勬儏緇璦琛岀殑褰卞搷錛屼簡瑙e茍姝g‘璇勪及鑷繁鐨勮祫璐ㄣ佽兘鍔涗笌灞闄愶紝鐩鎬俊鑷繁鐨勪環鍊煎拰鑳藉姏絳夊嚑涓柟闈€?/span>
鎴戠殑涓嬪睘涓湁涓涓?/span>“鑷蹇?/span>”鏄庢樉涓嶈凍鐨勪漢錛氫粬铏界劧鏈変竴浜涜兘鍔涳紝浣嗘槸浠栬嚜瑙嗙敋楂橈紝鎬繪槸瀵硅嚜宸辯洰鍓嶇殑鑱屼綅涓嶆弧鎰忥紝闅忔椂闅忓湴鑷惞鑷搨錛屾繪槸涓嶆弧鐜扮姸銆傚墠涓孌墊椂闂達紝浠栬涓烘垜涓嶈瘑鎵嶏紝娌℃湁閲嶇敤浠栵紝鍐沖畾紱誨紑鎴戠殑緇勶紝騫舵湡鏈涘湪寰蔣鍏朵粬緇勪腑鍙﹁皨楂樺氨銆備絾鏄紝浠栨渶緇堝彂鐜幫紝鑷繁涓嶄絾鎵句笉鍒版洿濂界殑宸ヤ綔錛屽叕鍙擱噷鐨勫悓浜嬩篃閮藉浠栭鏈夊井杈烇紝璁や負浠栫己灝戣嚜鐭ヤ箣鏄庯紝鏈熸湜鍜岀幇瀹炵浉璺濆お榪溿傛渶榪戯紝浠栨伯涓у湴紱誨紑浜嗗叕鍙搞傛帴鏇夸粬鑱屼綅鐨勪漢錛屾槸涓涓兘鍔涘緢寮猴紝鑰屼笖寰堟湁“鑷蹇?/span>”鐨勪漢銆傝櫧鐒惰繖涓漢鍦ㄤ笂涓涓亴浣嶅伐浣滄椂涓嶅緢鎴愬姛錛屼絾浠栫悊瑙h嚜宸卞崌榪佸お蹇紝鎰挎剰鑷檷涓綰ф潵鍋氳繖浠藉伐浣滐紝浠ヤ究鎵撳ソ鍩虹銆備粬鐜板湪鐨勭‘鍋氬緱寰堝嚭鑹層?/span>
綆鍗曞湴璇達紝涓涓漢鏃笉鑳藉鑷繁鐨勮兘鍔涘垽鏂繃楂橈紝涔熶笉鑳借交鏄撲綆浼拌嚜宸辯殑娼滆兘銆傚鑷繁鍒ゆ柇榪囬珮鐨勪漢寰寰瀹規槗嫻簛銆佸啋榪涳紝涓嶅杽浜庡拰浠栦漢鍚堜綔錛屽湪浜嬩笟閬埌鎸姌鏃跺績鐞嗚惤宸緝澶э紝闅句互騫抽潤瀵瑰緟瀹㈣浜嬪疄錛涗綆浼頒簡鑷繁鐨勮兘鍔涚殑浜猴紝鍒欎細鍦ㄥ伐浣滀腑鐣忛鐣忓熬銆佽笩韞頒笉鍓嶏紝娌℃湁鎵挎媴璐d換鍜岃偐璐熼噸鎷呯殑鍕囨皵錛屼篃娌℃湁涓誨姩璇風績鐨勭Н鏋佹с傛棤璁烘槸涓婅堪鍝竴縐嶆儏鍐碉紝涓漢鐨勬綔鍔涢兘涓嶈兘寰楀埌鍏呭垎鐨勫彂鎸ワ紝涓漢浜嬩笟涔熶笉鍙兘鍙栧緱鏈澶х殑鎴愬姛銆?/span>
鏈夎嚜鐭ヤ箣鏄庣殑浜烘棦鑳藉鍦ㄤ粬浜洪潰鍓嶅睍紺鴻嚜宸辯殑鐗歸暱錛屼篃涓嶄細鍒繪剰鎺╃洊鑷繁鐨勬瑺緙恒傝皥鎴愯嚜宸辯殑涓嶈凍鑰屽悜浠栦漢姹傛暀涓嶄絾涓嶄細闄嶄綆浜嗚嚜宸憋紝鍙嶈屽彲浠ヨ〃紺哄嚭鑷繁铏氬績鍜岃嚜淇★紝璧㈠緱浠栦漢鐨勯潚鐫愩傛瘮濡傦紝褰撲竴涓瀵煎鏌愪釜鑱屽憳璇?/span>“鍦ㄦ妧鏈笂浣犳槸涓撳錛屾垜涓嶅浣狅紝鎴戣澶氬悜浣犲涔?/span>”鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鑱屽憳涓嶄絾璁や負榪欎釜棰嗗闈炲父璋﹁櫄錛屼篃涓瀹氫細瀵硅繖涓瀵兼洿鍔犱俊浠伙紝鍥犱負浠栫悊瑙h嚜宸辯殑鑳藉姏銆?/span>
鍦ㄥ井杞叕鍙革紝澶у鍦ㄦ妧鏈笂浜掑府浜掑錛屽湪宸ヤ綔涓簰鐩擱紦鍔憋紝娌℃湁璋佸ぉ澶╅兘鎽嗗嚭鐩涙皵鍑屼漢鐨勬灦瀛愶紝涔熸病鏈夎皝鑷鐭漢涓澶達紝榪欏氨鑷劧钀ラ犲嚭浜嗕竴縐嶅潶璇氥佸紑鏀劇殑宸ヤ綔姘涘洿銆?/span>
鏈夎嚜鐭ヤ箣鏄庣殑浜哄湪宸ヤ綔閬囧埌鎸姌鐨勬椂鍊欎笉浼氳交璦澶辮觸錛屽湪宸ヤ綔鍙栧緱鎴愮嘩鏃朵篃涓嶄細娌炬簿鑷枩銆傝璇嗚嚜鎴戯紝鍑嗙‘瀹氫綅鑷垜浠峰肩殑鑳藉姏涓嶄粎浠呭彲浠ュ府鍔╀釜浜烘壘鍒拌嚜宸卞悎閫傜殑絀洪棿鍙婂彂灞曟柟鍚戯紝涔熷彲浠ュ府鍔╀紒涓氬緩绔嬭搗鍚勫徃鍏惰亴銆佸崗鍚屽伐浣滅殑浼樼鍥㈤槦銆傛湁鑷煡涔嬫槑鐨勪漢璁╀漢鎰熻浠栨槸涓涓嚜淇°佽唉铏氥佺湡璇氱殑浜恒?/span>
鍚岀悊蹇?/span>
鍚岀悊蹇冿紙Empathy錛夋槸涓涓瘮杈冩娊璞$殑蹇冪悊瀛︽蹇碉紝浣嗚В閲婅搗鏉ラ潪甯哥畝鍗曪細鍚岀悊蹇冩寚鐨勬槸浜轟滑甯歌鐨勮韜鍦般佸皢蹇冩瘮蹇冪殑鍋氭硶銆備篃灝辨槸璇達紝鍦ㄥ彂鐢熷啿紿佹垨璇В鐨勬椂鍊欙紝褰撲簨浜哄鏋滆兘鎶婅嚜宸辨斁鍦ㄥ鏂圭殑澶勫涓兂涓鎯籌紝涔熻灝卞彲浠ユ洿瀹規槗鍦頒簡瑙e鏂圭殑鍒濊》錛屾秷闄よ瑙c傛垜浠湪鐢熸椿涓父璇?/span>“浜哄悓姝ゅ績錛屽績鍚屾鐞?/span>”錛屽氨鏄繖涓亾鐞嗐?/span>
浜轟笌浜轟箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴娌℃湁鍥哄畾鐨勫叕寮忓彲寰紝瑕佷粠鍏沖績鍒漢銆佷綋璋呭埆浜虹殑瑙掑害鍑哄彂錛屽仛浜嬫椂涓轟粬浜虹暀涓嬬┖闂村拰浣欏湴錛屽彂鐢熻浼氭椂瑕佹浛浠栦漢鐫鎯籌紝涓誨姩鍙嶇渷鑷繁鐨勮繃澶憋紝鍕囦簬鎵挎媴璐d換銆傚彧瑕佹湁浜嗗悓鐞嗗績錛屾垜浠湪宸ヤ綔鍜岀敓媧諱腑灝辮兘閬垮厤璁稿鎶辨ㄣ佽矗闅俱佸槻絎戝拰璁ヨ錛屽ぇ瀹跺氨鍙互鍦ㄤ竴涓厖婊¢紦鍔便佽皡瑙c佹敮鎸佸拰灝婇噸鐨勭幆澧冧腑鎰夊揩鍦板伐浣滃拰鐢熸椿銆?/span>
瀵逛簬杞歡浼佷笟涓殑綆$悊鑰呮潵璇達紝浣撶幇鍚岀悊蹇冪殑鏈閲嶈涓鐐瑰氨鏄浣撹皡鍜岄噸瑙嗚亴鍛樼殑鎯蟲硶錛岃璁╄亴鍛樹滑瑙夊緱浣犳槸涓涓潪甯稿湪涔庝粬浠殑棰嗗銆傛嬁鎴戣嚜宸辨潵璇達紝鎴戝湪宸ヤ綔涓笉浼氱洸鐩湴瑜掑涓嬪睘錛屼笉浼氬姩涓嶅姩灝辯粰鑱屽憳涓浜?/span>“闈炲父濂?/span>”銆?/span>“涓嶉敊”銆?/span>“媯掓瀬浜?/span>”絳夋硾娉涚殑璇勪環錛屼絾鏄垜浼氬湪鑱屽憳紜疄鍋氬嚭浜嗘垚緇╃殑鏃跺欏強鏃跺茍鍏蜂綋鍦版寚鍑轟粬瀵瑰叕鍙哥殑璐$尞錛屽茍灝嗕粬鐨勪笟緇╁叕涔嬩簬浼椼備緥濡傦紝鎴戜細緇欓儴闂ㄥ唴鐨勫叏浣撹亴鍛樺彂鐢靛瓙閭歡璇存煇涓憳宸ュ湪涓婁竴鍛ㄧ殑宸ヤ綔涓彇寰椾簡鍑鴻壊鐨勬垚緇╋紝騫惰緇嗚鏄庝粬鐨勫伐浣滄垚鏋滐紝鍒椾婦浠栫殑宸ヤ綔瀵逛簬鍏徃鐨勯噸瑕佷環鍊鹼紝緇欏嚭鍏蜂綋鐨勮〃褰版剰瑙併傝繖縐嶆縺鍔卞憳宸ョ殑鏂瑰紡鑳藉鐪熸璧㈠緱鍛樺伐鐨勪俊浠誨拰鏀寔錛岃兘澶熷浼佷笟鐨勫嚌鑱氬姏浜х敓宸ㄥぇ鐨勫獎鍝嶃?/span>
鍚岀悊蹇冧篃鏄竴縐嶄簡瑙e拰璁よ瘑浠栦漢鐨勬湁鏁堟柟娉曘傛垜琚皟鍒版柊閮ㄩ棬鎷呬換棰嗗鑱屼綅鐨勬椂鍊欙紝閮ㄩ棬涓湁400澶氬悕鍛樺伐錛屾垜閮戒笉璁よ瘑銆備簬鏄紝鎴戞瘡鍛ㄩ夊嚭浜?0鍚嶅憳宸ワ紝涓庝粬浠叡榪涘崍槨愩傚湪鍗堥鏃訛紝鎴戣緇嗕簡瑙d簡姣忎竴涓漢鐨勫鍚嶃佸飽鍘嗐佸伐浣滄儏鍐典互鍙婁粬浠閮ㄩ棬宸ヤ綔鐨勫緩璁傝繖浜涗俊鎭浜庝竴涓儴闂ㄩ瀵兼潵璇撮潪甯擱噸瑕併傚湪鍗堥浼氬悗錛屾垜绔嬪嵆鏍規嵁榪?0鍚嶅憳宸ュ閮ㄩ棬鐨勫緩璁紝瀹夋帓閮ㄧ講鐩稿叧鐨勫伐浣滐紝騫剁粰榪?0鍚嶅憳宸ヤ竴涓鍙戝洖鍙嶉鎰忚錛屽憡璇変粬浠垜鐨勫鐞嗘柟娉曘傛垜鐨勮鍒掓槸鍦ㄤ竴涓笉闀跨殑鏃墮棿閲岋紝璁よ瘑騫朵簡瑙i儴闂ㄤ腑鐨勬瘡涓浣嶅憳宸ワ紝騫跺湪鍏呭垎鍚彇鍛樺伐鎰忚鐨勫熀紜涓婂悎鐞嗗湴瀹夋帓宸ヤ綔銆?/span>
鑷緥
鑷緥錛圫elf-Regulation錛夋寚鐨勬槸鑷垜鎺у埗鍜岃嚜鎴戣皟鏁寸殑鑳藉姏銆傝繖鍖呮嫭錛氳嚜鎴戞帶鍒朵笉瀹夊畾鐨勬儏緇垨鍐插姩錛屽湪鍘嬪姏闈㈠墠淇濇寔娓呮櫚鐨勫ご鑴戯紱浠ヨ瘹瀹炶耽寰椾俊浠伙紝騫朵笖闅忔椂閮芥竻鏅板湴鐞嗚В鑷繁鐨勮涓哄皢褰卞搷浠栦漢銆?/span>
鑷緥瀵逛簬棰嗗鑰呮潵璇存洿涓洪噸瑕併備綔涓鴻蔣浠朵紒涓氱殑棰嗗錛岃綆$悊鍒漢錛岃璁╀笅灞炰俊鏈嶏紝灝辮鍏堜粠鑷垜鍋氳搗銆傝繖鏄洜涓猴紝棰嗗鐨勫仛娉曢氬父鏄ぇ瀹跺仛浜嬬殑鐩爣鍜屾鏍鳳紝棰嗗鐨勬瘡涓嬈′婦鎵嬫姇瓚抽兘浼氱粰涓嬪睘鐣欎笅娣卞埢鐨勫嵃璞★紝濡傛灉澶勭悊涓嶅ソ鐨勮瘽錛屽彲鑳戒細閫犳垚璐熼潰鐨勫獎鍝嶃傜壒鍒槸褰撳叕鍙告垨鍥㈤槦澶勪簬鍗辨ユ椂鍒伙紝闇瑕侀瀵煎甫棰嗗ぇ瀹跺厠鏈嶅洶闅俱佸啿鍑洪噸鍥寸殑鏃跺欙紝濡傛灉棰嗗琛ㄧ幇寰楁瘮鑱屽憳榪樿鎬ヨ簛錛岀炕鏉ヨ鍘繪嬁涓嶅畾涓繪剰錛屽ぇ瀹跺氨浼氬棰嗗涓уけ淇″績錛屽叕鍙告垨鍥㈤槦涔熶細鍥犳鑰岃蛋鍚戝け璐ャ?/span>
鏈変竴嬈★紝鎴戣榪囧叕鍙擱噷鐨勪袱涓粍鍗沖皢琚悎騫躲傜涓涓粍鐨勭粡鐞嗙己灝戣嚜寰嬶紝寮浼氭椂瀵逛粬鐨勯槦浼嶈鍚堝茍涓嶆槸浠栫殑鍐沖畾錛屼粬鑷繁涔熶笉鐭ヤ笅涓姝ヨ鎬庝箞鍔炪傝繖涓粡鐞嗗鏈潵娌℃湁淇″績錛屽茍鐚滄祴鑷繁鐨勯槦浼嶅彲鑳戒細琚鍛樸傝岀浜屼釜緇勭殑緇忕悊鍒欏湪鍚堝茍鍚庡憡璇変粬鐨勯槦浼嶈繖嬈″悎騫跺鍏徃鐨勫ソ澶勩備粬涔熷潶璇氬湴璇磋嚜宸卞茍涓嶆帉鎻℃墍鏈夌殑淇℃伅錛屼絾鏄粬鎵胯浼氭彁閱掍笂綰у敖蹇湴鍋氬喅瀹氥傚茍涓旓紝絎簩涓粡鐞嗚繕鍛婅瘔澶у浠栦細灝藉叾鎵鑳斤紝甯姪姣忎竴涓憳宸ュ畨鎺掓渶鍚堢悊銆佹渶鍏鉤鐨勫嚭璺傛渶鍚庣殑緇撴灉鏄紝絎竴涓粍鐨勪漢寰堝揩灝辨暎浜嗭紝浠栦滑鐨勭粡鐞嗙寮浜嗗叕鍙革紝鑰岀浜屼釜緇勭殑緇忕悊鎺ョ浜嗗悎騫跺悗鐨勬満鏋勩?/span>
鑷緥蹇呴』寤虹珛鍦ㄨ瘹淇$殑鍩虹涓娿備負浜嗚〃鐜版墍璋撶殑“鑷緥”鑰屽湪浠栦漢闈㈠墠綺夐グ銆侀伄鎺╄嚜宸辯殑緙虹偣錛屽埢鎰忚〃婕旂殑鍋氭硶鏄潪甯鎬笉鍙彇鐨勩傚彧鏈夊湪璧㈠緱浠栦漢淇′換鐨勫熀紜涓婏紝涓ヤ簬寰嬪繁銆佸浠ュ緟浜猴紝鎵嶈兘鐪熸鑾峰緱浠栦漢鐨勫皧閲嶅拰璧炶銆?/span>
浜洪檯鍏崇郴
浜洪檯鍏崇郴鍖呮嫭鍦ㄧぞ浼氫氦寰涓殑褰卞搷鍔涖佸懼惉涓庢矡閫氱殑鑳藉姏錛屽鐞嗗啿紿佺殑鑳藉姏銆佸緩绔嬪叧緋匯佸悎浣滀笌鍗忚皟鐨勮兘鍔涳紝璇存湇涓庡獎鍝嶇殑鑳藉姏絳夌瓑銆?/span>
鏈変簺浜哄湪浜洪檯浜ゅ線涓殑褰卞搷鍔涙槸涓庣敓淇辨潵鐨勶紝浠栦滑鍦ㄥ弬鍔犻厭浼氭垨搴嗗吀鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍙寰堢煭鐨勬椂闂村氨鑳藉拰鎵鏈変漢浜や笂鏈嬪弸銆備絾涔熸湁浜涗漢騫朵笉鍏峰榪欐牱鐨勫ぉ璧嬶紝浠栦滑鍦ㄧぞ浜ゆ椿鍔ㄤ腑甯稿父姣旇緝鍐呭悜錛屽畞鎰夸竴涓漢韜插湪瑙掕惤閲屼篃涓嶆効涓誨姩涓庝漢浜よ皥銆?/span>
鎴戜釜浜哄氨緙轟箯浜洪檯浜ゅ線鐨勫懼悜銆備互鍓嶏紝鎴戝茍涓嶈涓鴻繖鏈変粈涔堜笉濡ワ紝鐩村埌鎴戦亣鍒頒簡涓浣嶉潪甯稿叿鏈変釜浜哄獎鍝嶅姏鐨勭粡鐞嗕負姝€傞偅涓粡鐞嗘病鏈夎秴浜虹殑鏅烘収錛屼絾鏄粬鑷О浠栬璇嗕簡鍏徃涓嚑涔庢瘡涓涓湁鑳藉姏鐨勪漢錛屽茍鍜屽叾涓殑璁稿浜烘垚涓轟簡闈炲父瑕佸ソ鐨勬湅鍙嬨傛垜涓嶇煡閬撲粬鏄庝箞鍋氬埌榪欎竴鐐圭殑錛屼絾鎴戝緢蹇氨鍙戠幇錛屼粬鐨勮繖縐嶈兘鍔涘鍏徃闈炲父鏈夌敤銆傛瘮濡傦紝鎴戦渶瑕佸湪鍏徃鍐呴儴閫夋嫈涓浜涜亴鍛樺埌鎴戠殑閮ㄩ棬宸ヤ綔鏃訛紝鎴戝氨鍙互浠庝粬閭i噷鑾峰緱璁稿鏈夊叧璇ヨ亴鍛樼殑璇︾粏淇℃伅錛涗笌鍏徃鍏朵粬閮ㄩ棬鍗忚皟宸ヤ綔鏃訛紝浠栫殑浜洪檯鍏崇郴緗戜篃鍙互鍙戞尌闈炲父澶х殑浣滅敤銆備粠閭f椂璧鳳紝鎴戝彂鐜板鐞嗕漢闄呭叧緋葷殑鑳藉姏瀵逛簬涓涓漢錛岀壒鍒槸涓涓瀵艱呮潵璇撮潪甯擱噸瑕侊紝鎴戝紑濮嬬壒鍒敞閲嶅煿鍏昏嚜宸卞湪浜洪檯鍏崇郴鏂歸潰鐨勫獎鍝嶅姏銆?/span>
鍦ㄦ妧鏈爺絀跺拰寮鍙戞柟闈紝娌熼氬拰璇存湇鐨勮兘鍔涗篃鑷沖叧閲嶈銆傛瘮濡傦紝鎴戜滑寮鍙戝嚭浜嗕竴欏瑰厛榪涚殑鎶鏈紝瑕佹妸瀹冨彉鎴愬叕鍙哥殑浜у搧銆傝繖棣栧厛瑕佽鏈嶅叕鍙哥殑鍐崇瓥灞傘傛垜浠繀欏葷粏蹇冨噯澶囨垜浠殑浜у搧寤鴻涔︼紝騫墮氳繃綺懼僵鐨勬紨璁插拰鐜板満灞曠ず璁╅瀵艱呯浉淇℃垜浠爺絀跺嚭鐨勬妧鏈鍏徃鏉ヨ澶ф湁瑁ㄧ泭錛岃鍐崇瓥灞傝涓哄嵆灝嗗紑鍙戠殑浜у搧鍙互鍦ㄥ競鍦轟笂鍙栧緱鎴愬姛銆傝繖浜涘伐浣滈兘闇瑕佹垜浠叿澶囧鐞嗕漢闄呭叧緋匯佸睍紺鴻嚜宸便佸獎鍝嶄粬浜虹殑鑳藉姏銆?/span>
浠庝紭縐鍒板崜瓚?/span>
鍦ㄨ憲鍚嶄紒涓氱鐞嗗瀹跺悏濮?/span>•鏌灄鏂殑銆婁粠浼樼鍒板崜瓚娿嬶紙涓俊鍑虹増紺撅紝2002騫達級涓涔︿腑錛屼綔鑰呴氳繃澶ч噺鐨勬渚嬭皟鏌ュ拰緇熻錛岃璁哄茍鍒嗘瀽浜嗕竴瀹朵紒涓氭垨涓浣嶄紒涓氱殑棰嗗鑰呮槸濡備綍浠庝紭縐錛圙ood錛変笂鍗囧埌鍗撹秺錛圙reat錛夌殑灞傛鐨勩傛煰鏋楁柉鍜屼粬鐨勭爺絀跺皬緇勮楄垂浜?0.5涓漢騫達紝闃呰騫剁郴緇熸暣鐞嗕簡6000澶氱瘒鏂囩珷錛岃褰曚簡2000澶氶〉鐨勪笓璁垮唴瀹癸紝瀵?435瀹朵紒涓氳繘琛屼簡闂嵎璋冩煡錛屾敹闆嗕簡28瀹跺叕鍙歌繃鍘?0騫寸敋鑷蟲洿鏃╃殑淇℃伅錛岃繘琛屼簡澶ц寖鍥寸殑瀹氭у拰瀹氶噺鍒嗘瀽錛屽緱鍑轟簡濡備綍浣垮叕鍙稿拰鍏徃鐨勭鐞嗚呬粠浼樼璺ㄨ秺鍒板崜瓚婄殑浠や漢鎯婂紓鑰屾尟濂嬬殑絳旀銆?/span>
鏍規嵁鍚夊•鏌灄鏂緱鍑虹殑緇撹錛屼紭縐鐨勫叕鍙稿拰浼樼鐨勯瀵艱呭緢澶氾紝璁稿鍏徃閮藉彲浠ュ湪鍚勮嚜鐨勮涓氶噷鍙栧緱涓嶄織鐨勪笟緇┿備絾濡傛灉浠ュ崜瓚婄殑鏍囧噯鏉ヨ 閲忓叕鍙稿拰涓漢鐨勬垚緇╋紝閭d箞錛岃兘澶熶繚鎸佹寔緇仴搴峰闀跨殑浼佷笟鍜岃兘澶熶笉鏂彇寰椾簨涓氭垚鍔熺殑棰嗗鑰呴兘闈炲父灝戙備竴浣嶄紒涓氱殑棰嗗鑰呭湪鎴愬姛鐨勫熀紜涓婏紝瑕佹兂榪涗竴姝ユ彁楂樿嚜宸憋紝浣胯嚜宸辯殑浼佷笟淇濇寔鎸佺畫澧為暱錛屼嬌鑷繁鐨勪釜浜鴻兘鍔涗粠浼樼鍚戝崜瓚婅繄榪涳紝灝卞繀欏誨姫鍔涘煿鍏昏嚜宸卞湪“璋﹁櫄”銆?/span>“鎵ц憲”鍜?/span>“鍕囨皵”榪欎笁涓柟闈㈢殑鍝佽川銆?/span>
璋﹁櫄浣夸漢榪涙銆傝澶氶瀵艱呭湪宸ヤ綔涓敮鎴戠嫭灝婏紝涓嶈兘鍚彇浠栦漢鐨勮璋忥紝涓嶈兘瀹瑰繊浠栦漢鍜岃嚜宸辨剰瑙佺浉宸︼紝榪欎簺涓嶆噦寰楄唉铏氳皚鎱庣殑棰嗗鑰呬篃璁稿彲浠ュ彇寰楁殏鏃剁殑鎴愬姛錛屼絾鍗存棤娉曞湪浜嬩笟涓婁笉鏂繘姝ワ紝杈懼埌鍗撹秺鐨勫鐣屻傝繖鏄洜涓猴紝涓涓漢鐨勫姏閲忕粓絀舵湁闄愶紝鍦ㄧ灛鎭竾鍙樼殑鍟嗕笟鐜涓紝棰嗗鑰呭繀欏諱笉鏂涔狅紝鍠勪簬緇煎悎浠栦漢鐨勬剰瑙侊紝鍚﹀垯灝卞皢闄峰叆涓鎰忓琛岀殑娉ユ江錛岃甯傚満鎵娣樻卑銆傛瘮灝?/span>•鐩栬尐灝辨槸涓涓潪甯歌唉铏氱殑浜恒備緥濡傦紝浠栧湪姣忎竴嬈℃紨璁茬粨鏉熷悗錛岃鎾板啓婕旇紼跨殑浜哄垎鏋愪竴涓嬩粬鐨勬紨璁叉湁鍝簺涓嶈凍涔嬪錛屼互渚夸笅涓嬈℃敼榪涖?/span>
鎵х潃鏄寚鎴戜滑鍧氭寔姝g‘鏂瑰悜錛岀煝蹇椾笉縐葷殑鍐沖績鍜屾剰蹇椼傛棤璁烘槸鍏徃涔熷ソ錛岃繕鏄釜浜轟篃濂斤紝涓鏃﹁鏄庝簡宸ヤ綔鐨勬柟鍚戯紝灝卞繀欏誨湪璇ユ柟鍚戠殑鎸囧紩涓嬮敳鑰屼笉鑸嶅湴鍔姏宸ヤ綔銆傚湪宸ヤ綔涓交璦鏀懼純鎴栬呮湞涓夋毊鍥涚殑鍋氭硶閮戒笉鑳藉彇寰楃湡姝g殑鎴愬姛銆傚井杞叕鍙稿湪Windows 95鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍙栧緱浜嗗法澶х殑鎴愬姛涔嬪悗錛屾瘮灝?/span>•鐩栬尐浠嶇劧鍧氭寔鍙戝睍浼佷笟綰х殑Windows NT鍜學indows 2000鎿嶄綔緋葷粺銆傝繖鏄洜涓猴紝浠栫湅鍒頒簡浼佷笟綰у競鍦虹殑騫塊様鍓嶆櫙鍜屽井杞湪姝ゆ柟闈㈢殑宸ㄥぇ娼滃姏銆傜粡榪囧嚑騫寸殑鍙戝睍錛屽井杞叕鍙哥殑浼佷笟綰ф搷浣滅郴緇熺粓浜庡湪鍘熸湰琚玌nix緇熸不鐨勫競鍦轟笂鍙栧緱浜嗘垚鍔燂紝鐜板湪錛屽寘鎷釜浜烘搷浣滅郴緇熷湪鍐呯殑鎵鏈塛indows浜у搧閮藉凡緇忚鏋勫緩鍦ㄤ簡鏇村姞瀹夊叏銆佸彲闈犵殑Windows NT鏋舵瀯涔嬩笂銆?/span>
鎴愬姛鑰呴渶瑕佹湁瓚沖鐨勫媷姘旀潵闈㈠鎸戞垬銆備換浣曚簨涓氫笂鐨勬垚灝遍兘涓嶆槸杞繪槗灝卞彲浠ュ彇寰楃殑銆備竴涓漢鎯寵鍦ㄥ伐浣滀腑鍑虹被鎷旇悆錛屽氨蹇呴』闈㈠鍚勭鍚勬牱鐨勮壈闅鵑櫓闃伙紝蹇呴』姝h浜嬩笟涓婄殑鎸姌鍜屽け璐ャ傚彧鏈夐偅浜涙湁鍕囨皵姝h鐜板疄錛屾湁鍕囨皵榪庢帴鎸戞垬鐨勪漢鎵嶈兘鐪熸瀹炵幇瓚呰秺鑷垜鐨勭洰鏍囷紝杈懼埌鍗撹秺鐨勫鐣屻傛濡傞┈鍏?/span>•鍚愭俯鎵璇達細“鍕囨皵涓嶆槸緙哄皯鎭愭儳蹇冪悊錛岃屾槸瀵規亹鎯у績鐞嗙殑鎶靛盡鍜屾帶鍒惰兘鍔涖?/span>”
緇撹
寰堝浜鴻涓猴紝鍦↖T鍜屽叾浠栭珮縐戞妧棰嗗煙鍐咃紝瑗挎柟浜鴻〃鐜板緱鏇翠負鍑鴻壊錛屽洜姝や腑鍥戒漢鍙湁鍚稿彇瑗挎柟鐨勪紒涓氭枃鍖栨墠鑳借幏寰椾竴甯箣鍦般傜殑紜紝IT浜т笟鍐呯殑涓浜涙柊瑙傜偣銆佹柊鐞嗗康錛屼笌涓浗鍙よ佺殑涓滄柟鏂囧寲涔嬮棿紜疄鏈夊樊寮傦紙渚嬪錛岃タ鏂規枃鍖栫洿鎴簡褰撶殑娌熼氬拰涓誨姩鍙備笌鐨勬剰璇嗭級銆?/span>
涓嶈繃錛屼粠鏈枃涓垜浠笉闅懼彂鐜幫紝鎴愬姛鎵闇瑕佺殑涓浜涙渶閲嶈銆佹渶鍩烘湰鐨勭礌璐ㄥぇ澶氳繕鏄腑鍗庣殑浼犵粺緹庡痙銆傚湪鏁呭閲岋紝鎴戠湅鍒?/span>“姝eぇ鍏夋槑”鐨勫尵棰濓紝鍏跺惈涔変篃灝辨槸“璇氫俊鍜屾鐩?/span>”錛?/span>“瀛︽棤姝㈠”銆?/span>“浜鴻吹鏈夎嚜鐭ヤ箣鏄?/span>”銆?/span>“灝嗗績姣斿績”銆?/span>“涓ヤ簬寰嬪繁銆佸浠ュ緟浜?/span>”閮芥槸涓浗鍘嗘潵鎺ㄥ磭鐨勯亾寰瘋錛涗漢闄呭叧緋繪洿鏄湪瑗挎柟浜哄叕璁ゅ湪涓浗鎴愬姛鐨勭璇錛涜屾渶閲嶈鐨?/span>“璋﹁櫄”銆?/span>“鎵ц憲”銆?/span>“鍕囨皵”榪欎笁鐐瑰垯鏄腑鍥戒紶緇熸枃鍖栫殑鐩存帴浣撶幇銆傚洜姝わ紝鎴戣涓轟腑鍥戒漢鐨凟Q鍐充笉浣庝簬瑗挎柟浜猴紝鎴戝涓浗鍗撹秺鐨勪漢鎵嶆棤姣斾箰瑙傘?/span>
鍦ㄤ粖澶╄繖涓厖婊℃満閬囧拰鎸戞垬鐨勬椂浠i噷錛屽湪杞歡浜т笟榪欎釜楂橀熷彂灞曘佷笉鏂垱鏂扮殑棰嗗煙鍐咃紝鍙湁閭d簺涓嶆噲鍔姏銆佸杽浜庢妸鎻¤嚜宸便佸媷浜庤繋鎺ユ寫鎴樼殑浜烘墠鑳藉彇寰楃湡姝g殑鎴愬姛銆傛垜涓漢琛峰績鍦板笇鏈涗腑鍥介珮鏂版妧鏈駭涓氳兘澶熷湪鏂頒笘綰腑钃媰鍙戝睍錛屼腑鍥界殑浜烘墠鑳藉鍦ㄤ簨涓氫笂涓嶆柇鍙栧緱鎴愬姛錛屽疄鐜頒粠浼樼鍒板崜瓚婄殑璺ㄨ秺銆?/span>
浠婂勾5鏈?3鏃ワ紝姣斿皵•鐩栬尐鍏堢敓鍦ㄣ婂崕灝旇鏃ユ姤銆嬩笂鎾版枃錛屾敮鎸佸拰鏁︿績緹庡浗鏀垮簻緇欎簣涓浗姘鎬箙鎬ф甯歌錘鏄撳浗寰呴亣銆傛枃涓紝浠栫壒鍒皥鍒頒簡鍦ㄦ竻鍗庡ぇ瀛︿笌涓浗澶у鐢熼偅嬈″璇濈殑鎰夊揩緇忓巻浠ュ強鍥犳鑰岀暀涓嬬殑娣卞埢鍗拌薄銆?
榪欑瘒鏂囩珷浠ゆ垜涓嶇鎯沖埌錛屽湪涓浗鐨勮繖涓ゅ勾鏉ワ紝鎴戝伐浣滀腑鏈澶х殑浜彈涔熸槸鍒板浗鍐呭悇楂樻牎涓庡鐢熶滑榪涜浜ゆ祦銆傝繖浜涜闂拰浜ゆ祦浣垮緱鎴戞湁鏈轟細涓庢垚鍗冧笂涓囩殑闈掑勾瀛︾敓灝變粬浠墍鍏沖績鐨勪簨涓氥佸墠閫旂瓑闂榪涜闈㈠闈㈢殑娌熼氥備腑鍥藉鐢熺殑鑱槑銆佸ソ瀛﹀拰涓婅繘緇欐垜鐣欎笅浜嗛潪甯告繁鍒葷殑鍗拌薄銆?
鍦ㄤ笌榪欎簺闈掑勾瀛︾敓鐨勪氦嫻佽繃紼嬩腑錛屾垜鍙戠幇鏈変竴浜涢棶棰樻槸澶у閮藉崄鍒嗗叧蹇冪殑銆傞偅浜涘凡緇忚幏寰楀浗澶栧ぇ瀛﹀瀛﹂噾鐨勫鐢燂紝澶ч兘甯屾湜鎴戣皥涓璋堝簲璇ュ浣曞害榪囪嚜宸卞湪緹庡浗鐨勫涔犵敓娑紱閭d簺鍐沖畾鐣欏湪鍥藉唴鍙戝睍鐨勫鐢燂紝闈炲父鍏沖績濡備綍紜畾涓涓紜殑鏂瑰悜錛屽茍浠ユ渶蹇殑閫熷害鍦ㄧ鐮斿拰瀛︿笟鏂歸潰鍙栧緱鎴愬姛錛涜繕鏈夐偅浜涘垰鍒氳笍榪涘ぇ瀛︽牎闂ㄧ殑瀛︾敓錛屽垯甯屾湜鎴戣兘璁茬粰浠栦滑涓浜涘涔犮佸仛浜虹殑緇忛獙涔嬭皥銆傛渶榪戯紝鏇存湁涓浜涘鐢熷叧蹇冪綉緇滀俊鎭駭涓氱殑鍙戝睍錛屽笇鏈涗簡瑙g編鍥界殑澶у鐢熸槸濡備綍鍒涗笟鍜岃嚧瀵岀殑銆?/span>
鐪嬪埌榪欎箞澶氬弻娓存眰鐭ヨ瘑銆佸厖婊″笇鏈涚殑鐪肩潧錛屾垜紿佺劧浜х敓浜嗕竴縐嶅啿鍔紝閭e氨鏄粰涓浗鐨勫鐢熶滑鍐欎竴灝佷俊錛屽皢鎴戜笌鍚屽浠湪浜ゆ祦榪囩▼涓駭鐢熺殑涓浜涙兂娉曚互鍙婃垜瑕佸涓浗瀛︾敓鐨勪竴浜涘繝鍛婂啓鍑烘潵錛屽府鍔╀粬浠湪鏈潵鐨勭暀瀛︺佸伐浣滄垨鑰呭垱涓氱殑榪囩▼涓兘澶熶漢鏍兼洿瀹岀編銆佺敓媧繪洿欏哄埄錛屼簨涓氭洿鎴愬姛銆?/span>
鍧氬畧璇氫俊銆佹鐩寸殑鍘熷垯
鎴戝湪鑻規灉鍏徃宸ヤ綔鏃訛紝鏇炬湁涓浣嶅垰琚垜鎻愭嫈鐨勭粡鐞嗭紝鐢變簬鍙楀埌涓嬪睘鐨勬壒璇勶紝闈炲父娌撫鍦拌鎴戝啀鎵句竴涓漢鏉ユ帴鏇夸粬銆傛垜闂粬錛?/span>“浣犺涓轟綘鐨勯暱澶勬槸浠涔堬紵”浠栬錛?/span>“鎴戣嚜淇¤嚜宸辨槸涓涓潪甯告鐩寸殑浜恒?/span>”鎴戝憡璇変粬錛?/span>“褰撳垵鎴戞彁鎷斾綘鍋氱粡鐞嗭紝灝辨槸鍥犱負浣犳槸涓涓叕姝f棤縐佺殑浜恒傜鐞嗙粡楠屽拰娌熼氳兘鍔涙槸鍙互鍦ㄦ棩鍚庡伐浣滀腑瀛︿範鐨勶紝浣嗕竴棰楁鐩寸殑蹇冩槸鏃犱環鐨勩?/span>”鎴戞敮鎸佷粬緇х畫騫蹭笅鍘伙紝騫跺湪綆$悊鍜屾矡閫氭妧宸ф柟闈㈢粰浜堜粬寰堝鎸囩偣鍜屽府鍔┿傛渶緇堬紝浠栦笉璐熶紬鏈涳紝鎴愪負涓涓嚭鑹茬殑綆$悊浜烘墠銆傜幇鍦紝浠栧凡緇忔槸涓涓涓烘垚鍔熺殑鍏徃鐨勯甯妧鏈畼銆?
涓庝箣鐩稿弽錛屾垜鏇鵑潰璇曡繃涓浣嶆眰鑱岃呫備粬鍦ㄦ妧鏈佺鐞嗘柟闈㈤兘鐩稿綋鐨勫嚭鑹層備絾鏄紝鍦ㄨ皥璁轟箣浣欙紝浠栬〃紺猴紝濡傛灉鎴戝綍鍙栦粬錛屼粬鐢氳嚦鍙互鎶婂湪鍘熸潵鍏徃宸ヤ綔鏃剁殑涓欏瑰彂鏄庡甫榪囨潵銆傞殢鍚庝粬浼間箮瑙夊療鍒拌繖鏍瘋鏈変簺涓嶅Ε錛岀壒浣滃0鏄庯細閭d簺宸ヤ綔鏄粬鍦ㄤ笅鐝箣鍚庡仛鐨勶紝浠栫殑鑰佹澘騫朵笉鐭ラ亾銆傝繖涓鐣皥璇濅箣鍚庯紝瀵逛簬鎴戣岃█錛屼笉璁轟粬鐨勮兘鍔涘拰宸ヤ綔姘村鉤鎬庢牱錛屾垜閮借偗瀹氫笉浼氬綍鐢ㄤ粬銆傚師鍥犳槸浠栫己涔忔渶鍩烘湰鐨勫涓栧噯鍒欏拰鏈璧風爜鐨勮亴涓氶亾寰?/span>“璇氬疄”鍜?/span>“璁蹭俊鐢?/span>”銆傚鏋滈泧鐢ㄨ繖鏍風殑浜猴紝璋佽兘淇濊瘉浠栦笉浼氬湪榪欓噷宸ヤ綔涓孌墊椂闂村悗錛屾妸鍦ㄨ繖閲岀殑鎴愭灉涔熷綋浣滄墍璋?/span>“涓氫綑涔嬩綔”鑰屽彉鎴愬悜鍏跺畠鍏徃璁ㄥソ鐨?/span>“璐″搧”鍛紵榪欒鏄庯細涓涓漢鍝佷笉瀹屽杽鐨勪漢鏄笉鍙兘鎴愪負涓涓湡姝f湁鎵浣滀負鐨勪漢鐨勩?/span>
鍦ㄧ編鍥斤紝涓浗瀛︾敓鐨勫嫟濂嬪拰浼樼鏄嚭浜嗗悕鐨勶紝鏇劇粡涓搴︽槸緹庡浗鍚勫悕鏍℃渶嬈㈣繋鐨勭暀瀛︾敓緹や綋銆傝屾渶榪戯紝鍗存湁涓浜涘鏍″拰鏁欐巿澹扮О錛屼粬浠啀涔熶笉鎯蟲嫑鏀朵腑鍥藉鐢熶簡銆傜悊鐢卞緢綆鍗曪紝鏌愪簺涓浗瀛︾敓鎷跨潃璇誨崥澹殑濂栧閲戝埌浜嗙編鍥斤紝鍙槸錛屼竴鏃︽壘鍒板伐浣滄満浼氾紝浠栦滑灝變細椹笂鐢寵紱誨紑瀛︽牎錛屽皢鑷繁鏇劇粡鎵胯瑕佸畬鎴愮殑瀛︿綅鍜岀爺絀舵姏鍦ㄤ竴杈廣傝繖縐嶈█琛屼笉涓鐨勫仛娉曞凡緇忎嬌寰楃編鍥界浉褰撲竴閮ㄥ垎鏁欐巿瀵逛腑鍥藉鐢熺殑璇氫俊浜х敓浜嗘鐤戙傚簲璇ユ寚鍑猴紝鏈夎繖縐嶈涓虹殑涓浗瀛︾敓鏄皯鏁幫紝鐒惰屽氨鏄繖鏍風殑“灝戞暟”錛屽凡緇忚涓浗瀛︾敓鐨勫悕瑾夊彈鍒頒簡鏋佸ぇ鐨勬崯瀹熾傚彟澶栵紝鐩墠緹庡浗鏈夊緢澶氭暀鎺堜笉鐞嗕細澶у鏁頒腑鍥藉鐢熺殑鎺ㄨ崘淇★紝鍥犱負浠栦滑鐭ラ亾榪欎簺鎺ㄨ崘淇℃牴鏈氨鍑鴻嚜瀛︾敓鑷繁涔嬫墜錛屽凡鏃犲弬鑰冩у彲璦銆傝繖涔熸槸璇氫俊鍙楀埌鎹熷浠ュ悗鐨勫繀鐒剁粨鏋溿?/span>
鎴戝湪寰蔣鐮旂┒闄篃鏇劇鍒拌繃綾諱技鐨勯棶棰樸備竴浣嶆潵榪欓噷瀹炰範鐨勫鐢燂紝鏈変竴嬈″嚭涔庢剰鏂欏湴鎶ュ憡浜嗕竴涓潪甯稿ソ鐨勭爺絀剁粨鏋溿備絾鏄紝浠栧仛鐨勭爺絀剁粨鏋滃埆浜哄嵈鏃犳硶閲嶅銆傚悗鏉ワ紝浠栫殑鑰佹澘鎵嶅彂鐜幫紝榪欎釜瀛︾敓瀵瑰疄楠屾暟鎹繘琛屼簡鎸戦夛紝鍙暀涓嬩簡閭d簺鍚堜箮鏈浣崇粨鏋滅殑鏁版嵁錛岃岃垗寮冧簡閭d簺“涓嶅お濂?/span>”鐨勬暟鎹傛垜璁や負錛岃繖涓鐢熸案榪滀笉鍙兘瀹炵幇鐪熸鎰忎箟鐨勫鏈獊鐮達紝涔熶笉鍙兘鎴愪負涓鍚嶇湡姝e悎鏍肩殑鐮旂┒浜哄憳銆?/span>
鏈鍚庢兂鎻愮殑鏄竴浜涘枩嬈㈣椽灝忎究瀹滅殑浜恒備粬浠敤瀛︽牎鎴栧叕鍙哥殑鐢佃瘽鎵撶浜洪暱閫斻佸鎶ラ攢鍑虹杞︾エ銆備篃璁告湁浜鴻涓猴紝瀛︾敓浠ユ垚緇┿佷簨涓氫負閲嶏紝鍏跺畠緇嗚妭鍙槸涓浜涘皬浜嬶紝闅忓績鎵嬈插湴鍋氫簡錛屼篃娌′粈涔堝ぇ涓嶄簡鐨勩傜劧鑰岋紝灝辨槸閭d簺韜竟鐨勬墍璋?/span>“灝忎簨”錛屽線寰鎴愪負涓涓漢濉戦犱漢鏍煎拰縐瘡璇氫俊鐨勫叧閿備竴浜涜椽灝忎究瀹溿佽嶅皬鑱槑鐨勮涓哄彧浼氭妸鑷繁瀹氭т負涓涓椽鍥懼皬鍒┿佹病鏈夊嚭鎭殑浜虹殑褰㈣薄錛屾渶緇堝洜灝忓け澶с傚浜庤繖浜涜涓猴紝涓璦浠ユ暆涔嬶紝灝辨槸“鍕夸互鎭跺皬鑰屼負涔?/span>”銆?/span>
鐢熸椿鍦ㄧ兢浣撲箣涓?/span>
涓庡ぇ澶氭暟緹庡浗瀛︾敓姣旇緝鑰岃█錛屼腑鍥藉鐢熺殑琛ㄨ揪鑳藉姏銆佹矡閫氳兘鍔涘拰鍥㈤槦綺劇瑕佺浉瀵規瑺緙轟竴浜涖傝繖涔熻鏄敱浜庢枃鍖栬儗鏅拰鏁欒偛浣撳埗鐨勪笉鍚岃岄犳垚鐨勩備粖澶╋紝褰撴垜浠潰瀵逛竴涓鍦ㄨ蛋鍚戦珮搴﹀叏鐞冨寲鐨勭ぞ浼氭椂錛岀敓媧誨湪緹や綋涔嬩腑錛屽仛鍑烘洿濂界殑琛ㄧ幇錛屽緱鍒版洿澶氱殑鏀惰幏錛屾槸灝や負閲嶈鐨勩?/span>
琛ㄨ揪鍜屾矡閫氱殑鑳藉姏鏄潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑銆備笉璁轟綘鍋氬嚭浜嗘庢牱浼樼鐨勫伐浣滐紝涓嶄細琛ㄨ揪錛屾棤娉曡鏇村鐨勪漢鍘葷悊瑙e拰鍒嗕韓錛岄偅灝卞嚑涔庣瓑浜庣櫧鍋氥傛墍浠ワ紝鍦ㄥ涔犻樁孌碉紝浣犱笉鍙互鍙敓媧誨湪涓涓漢鐨勪笘鐣屼腑錛岃屽簲褰撳敖閲忓浼氫笌鍚勯樁灞傜殑浜轟氦寰鍜屾矡閫氾紝涓誨姩琛ㄨ揪鑷繁瀵瑰悇縐嶄簨鐗╃殑鐪嬫硶鍜屾剰瑙侊紝鐢氳嚦鍦ㄥ叕浼楅泦浼氭椂鍙戣〃婕旇錛岄敾鐐艱嚜宸辯殑琛ㄨ揪鑳藉姏銆?/span>
琛ㄨ揪鑳藉姏緇濅笉鍙槸浣犵殑“鍙f墠”銆傚搱浣涘ぇ瀛︾殑Ambady鏁欐巿鏈榪戝仛榪囦竴涓潪甯告湁瓚g殑瀹為獙錛屼粬璁╀袱緇勫鐢熷垎鍒瘎浼板嚑浣嶆暀鎺堢殑鎺堣璐ㄩ噺銆備粬鎶婅繖鍑犱綅鏁欐巿鐨勮璇懼綍鍍忓甫鍏堟棤澹板湴鏀句袱縐掗挓緇欎竴緇勫鐢熺湅錛屽緱鍑轟竴濂楄瘎浼扮粨鏋溿傜劧鍚庝笌閭d簺宸茬粡鍚繃榪欏嚑浣嶆暀鎺堝嚑涓湀璁茶鐨勫鐢熺殑緇撴灉榪涜瀵規瘮錛屼袱涓皬緇勭殑緇撹绔熺劧鎯婁漢鐨勭浉浼箋傝繖琛ㄦ槑錛屽湪琛ㄨ揪鑷繁鎬濇兂鐨勮繃紼嬩腑錛岄潪璇█琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡鍜岃璦鍚屾牱閲嶈錛屾湁鏃朵綔鐢ㄧ敋鑷蟲洿鍔犳槑鏄俱傝繖閲屾墍璁茬殑闈炶璦琛ㄨ揪鏂瑰紡鏄寚浜虹殑浠〃銆佷婦姝€佽姘斻佸0璋冨拰琛ㄦ儏絳夈傚洜涓轟粠榪欎簺鏂歸潰錛屼漢浠彲浠ユ洿鐩磋銆佹洿褰㈣薄鍦板垽鏂綘涓轟漢銆佸仛浜嬬殑鑳藉姏錛岀湅鍑轟綘鐨勮嚜淇″拰鐑儏錛屼粠鑰岃幏寰楀崄鍒嗛噸瑕佺殑“絎竴鍗拌薄”銆?/span>
瀵逛簬涓涓泦浣撱佷竴涓叕鍙搞佺敋鑷蟲槸涓涓浗瀹訛紝鍥㈤槦綺劇閮芥槸闈炲父鍏抽敭鎬х殑銆傚井杞叕鍙稿湪緹庡浗浠ョ壒孌婄殑鍥㈤槦綺劇钁楃О銆傝薄Windows 2000榪欐牱浜у搧鐨勭爺鍙戯紝寰蔣鍏徃鏈夎秴榪?000鍚嶅紑鍙戝伐紼嬪笀鍜屾祴璇曚漢鍛樺弬涓庯紝鍐欏嚭浜?000涓囪浠g爜銆傛病鏈夐珮搴︾粺涓鐨勫洟闃熺簿紲烇紝娌℃湁鍏ㄩ儴鍙備笌鑰呯殑榛樺涓庡垎宸ュ悎浣滐紝榪欓」宸ョ▼鏄牴鏈笉鍙兘瀹屾垚鐨勩?
鐩稿鏉ヨ錛屼互鍓嶆垜鍦ㄥ埆鐨勫叕鍙告椂涔熸浘瑙佸埌榪欐牱鐨勭幇璞°備竴欏瑰伐紼嬪竷緗笅鏉ワ紝澶у鏄庢槑鐭ラ亾鏃犳硶瀹屾垚錛屼絾閮藉績鐓т笉瀹o紝涓嶅憡璇夎佹澘銆傚洜涓哄弽姝d篃鍋氫笉瀹岋紝澶у绱㈡т篃涓嶅姫鍔涘幓鍋氫簨錛屽嵈鑺辨洿澶氱殑鏃墮棿鍘葷畻璁℃庝箞鎶婅繖欏瑰伐紼嬬殑澶辮觸鎬姜鍒板埆浜鴻韓涓婂幓銆傚氨鏄繖浜涗漢鍜岃繖鏍風殑宸ヤ綔浣滈鍑犱箮鎶婅繖瀹跺叕鍙告嫋鍨?/span>
涓轟簡鍩瑰吇鍥㈤槦綺劇錛屾垜寤鴻鍚屽浠湪璇諱功涔嬩綑縐瀬鍙傚姞鍚勭紺句細鍥綋鐨勫伐浣溿傚湪涓庝粬浜哄垎宸ュ悎浣溿佸垎浜垚鏋溿佷簰鍔╀簰鎯犵殑榪囩▼涓紝浣犱滑鍙互浣撲細鍥㈤槦綺劇鐨勯噸瑕佹с?/span>
鍦ㄥ涔犺繃紼嬩腑錛屼綘鍗冧竾涓嶈涓嶆効鎰忔妸濂界殑鎬濊礬銆佹兂娉曞拰緇撴灉涓庡埆浜哄垎浜紝鎷呭績鍒漢璧板埌浣犲墠闈㈢殑鎯蟲硶鏄笉鍋ュ悍鐨勶紝涔熸棤鍔╀簬浣犵殑鎴愬姛銆傛湁涓鍙ヨ皻璇錛?/span>“浣犱粯鍑虹殑瓚婂錛屼綘寰楀埌鐨勮秺澶?/span>”銆傝瘯鎯籌紝濡傛灉浣犵殑琛屼負璁╀漢瑙夊緱“浣犵殑鏄垜鐨勶紝鎴戠殑榪樻槸鎴戠殑”錛屽綋浣犻渶瑕佸府蹇欐椂錛屼綘璁や負鍒漢浼氭潵甯姪浣犲悧錛熷弽涔嬶紝濡傛灉浣犳椂甯告叿鎱ㄥ湴甯姪鍒漢錛岄偅浣犳槸涓嶆槸浼氬緱鍒版洿澶氫漢鐨勫洖鎶ワ紵
鍦ㄥ洟闃熶箣涓紝瑕佸媷浜庢壙璁や粬浜虹殑璐$尞銆傚鏋滃熷姪浜嗗埆浜虹殑鏅烘収鍜屾垚鏋滐紝灝卞簲璇ュ0鏄庛傚鏋滃緱鍒頒簡浠栦漢鐨勫府鍔╋紝灝卞簲璇ヨ〃紺烘劅璋€傝繖涔熸槸鍥㈤槦綺劇鐨勫熀鏈綋鐜般?/span>
鍋氫竴涓富鍔ㄧ殑浜?/span>
涓夊崄騫村墠錛屼竴涓伐紼嬪笀姊﹀瘣浠ユ眰鐨勭洰鏍囧氨鏄繘鍏ョ鎶鏈棰嗗厛鐨処BM銆傞偅鏃禝BM瀵逛漢鎵嶇殑瀹氫箟鏄竴涓湁涓撲笟鐭ヨ瘑鐨勩佸煁澶磋嫤騫茬殑浜恒傛枟杞槦縐伙紝浜嬬墿鍙戝睍鍒頒粖澶╋紝浜轟滑瀵逛漢鎵嶇殑鐪嬫硶宸查愭鍙戠敓浜嗗彉鍖栥傜幇鍦紝寰堝鍏徃鎵娓存眰鐨勪漢鎵嶆槸縐瀬涓誨姩銆佸厖婊$儹鎯呫佺伒媧昏嚜淇$殑浜恒?/span>
浣滀負褰撲唬涓浗鐨勫ぇ瀛︾敓錛屼綘搴旇涓嶅啀鍙槸琚姩鍦扮瓑寰呭埆浜哄憡璇変綘搴旇鍋氫粈涔堬紝鑰屾槸搴旇涓誨姩鍘諱簡瑙h嚜宸辮鍋氫粈涔堬紝騫朵笖瑙勫垝瀹冧滑錛岀劧鍚庡叏鍔涗互璧村湴鍘誨畬鎴愩傛兂鎯充粖澶╀笘鐣屼笂鏈鎴愬姛鐨勯偅浜涗漢錛屾湁鍑犱釜鏄敮鍞璇恒佺瓑浜哄惄鍜愮殑浜猴紵瀵瑰緟鑷繁鐨勫涓氬拰鐮旂┒欏圭洰錛屼綘闇瑕佷互涓涓瘝浜插瀛╁瓙閭f牱鐨勮矗浠誨績鍜岀埍蹇冨叏鍔涙姇鍏ヤ笉鏂姫鍔涖傛灉鐪熷姝わ紝渚挎病鏈変粈涔堢洰鏍囨槸涓嶈兘杈懼埌鐨勩?/span>
涓涓Н鏋佷富鍔ㄧ殑浜鴻繕搴旇铏氬績鍚彇浠栦漢鐨勬壒璇勫拰鎰忚銆傚叾瀹烇紝榪欎篃鏄竴縐嶈繘鍙栧績鐨勪綋鐜般備笉鑳借櫄蹇冩帴鍙楀埆浜虹殑鎵硅瘎錛屽茍浠庝腑姹插彇鏁欒錛屽氨涓嶅彲鑳芥湁鏇村ぇ鐨勮繘姝ャ傛瘮灝?/span>•鐩栬尐鏇劇粡瀵瑰叕鍙告墍鏈夊憳宸ヨ榪囷細“瀹㈡埛鐨勬壒璇勬瘮璧氶挶鏇撮噸瑕併備粠瀹㈡埛鐨勬壒璇勪腑錛屾垜浠彲浠ユ洿濂藉湴姹插彇澶辮觸鐨勬暀璁紝灝嗗畠杞寲涓烘垚鍔熺殑鍔ㄥ姏銆?/span>”
闄や簡铏氬績鎺ュ彈鍒漢鐨勬壒璇勶紝浣犺繕搴旇鍔姏瀵繪壘涓浣嶄綘鐗瑰埆灝婃暚鐨勮壇甯堛傝繖浣嶈壇甯堝簲璇ユ槸鐩存帴鏁欏浣犵殑鑰佸笀浠ュ鐨勪漢錛岃繖鏍風殑浜烘洿鑳藉瑙傚湴緇欎綘涓浜涘繝鍛娿傝繖浣嶈壇甯堥櫎浜嗗彲浠ュ湪瀛﹁瘑涓婃暀瀵間綘涔嬪錛岃繕鍙互鍦ㄥ叾瀹冧竴浜涙柟闈㈠浣犳湁鎵鎸囩偣錛屽寘鎷負浜哄涓栵紝鐪嬮棶棰樼殑鐪煎厜錛屽簲瀵圭獊鍙戜簨浠剁殑鎶鑳界瓑絳夈傛垜浠ュ墠鍦ㄨ嫻鏋滃叕鍙歌礋璐d竴涓爺絀墮儴闂ㄦ椂錛屽氨鏇炬湁騫告壘鍒拌繖鏍蜂竴浣嶈壇甯堛傚綋鏃訛紝浠栨槸璐熻矗鑻規灉鍏徃鍏ㄧ悆榪愪綔鍜岀敓浜т笟鍔$殑楂樼駭鍓昏錛屼粬鍦ㄤ簨涓氬彂灞曟柟闈㈢粰鎴戠殑璁稿鏁欒浠ゆ垜緇堣韓鍙楃泭銆傚鏋滄湁榪欐牱鐨勪漢緇欎綘甯姪錛岄偅浣犳垚闀跨殑閫熷害涓瀹氫細姣斿埆浜烘洿蹇竴浜涖?/span>
涓浗瀛︾敓澶у姣旇緝鍚搫銆佸緹烇紝涓嶅お涔犳儻鍋氳嚜鎴戞帹閿銆備絾鏄紝瑕佹兂鎶婃彙浣忚漿鐬嵆閫濈殑鏈轟細錛屽氨蹇呴』瀛︿細璇存湇浠栦漢銆佸悜鍒漢鎺ㄩ攢鑷繁鎴栬嚜宸辯殑瑙傜偣銆傚湪璇存湇浠栦漢涔嬪墠錛岃鍏堣鏈嶈嚜宸便備綘鐨勬縺鎯呭姞涓婃墠鏅哄線寰鎶樺皠鍑轟綘鐨勬綔鍔涳紝榪欏氨鏄漢浠父璇寸殑鍖栧鍙嶅簲銆備竴鑸潵璇達紝涓涓ソ鐨勮嚜鎴戞帹閿絳栫暐鍙互浠や簨鎯呯殑鍙戝睍閿︿笂娣昏姳銆?
渚嬪錛屾湁涓嬈℃垜鏀跺埌浜嗕竴浠藉緢鐗規畩鐨勬眰鑱岀敵璇蜂功銆備笉鍚屼簬宸插線澶у鏁版眰鑱岃咃紝榪欎綅鐢寵浜虹殑姹傝亴璧勬枡涓寘鎷簡浠栫殑鑷垜浠嬬粛銆佷粬瀵瑰井杞爺絀墮櫌鐨勫悜寰銆佷互鍙婁粬涓轟粈涔堣涓鴻嚜宸辨槸鍚堥傜殑浜洪夛紝姝ゅ榪樻湁浠栧凡緇忓彂琛ㄧ殑璁烘枃銆佽佸笀鐨勬帹鑽愪俊鍜屼粬甯屾湜鏉ュ井杞綔鐨勮棰樼瓑銆傚敖綆′粬姣曚笟鐨勫鏍′笉鏄腑鍥芥渶鏈夊悕鐨勫鏍★紝浣嗕粬鐨勮嚜鎴戞帹閿濂忔晥浜嗐傛垜浠庤繖浜涙枃浠朵腑鐪嬪埌浜嗕粬鐨勭儹鎯呭拰璁ょ湡銆傚湪鎴戦潰璇曚粬鏃訛紝浠栧張閫掍氦浜嗕竴浠芥洿鍏呭垎鐨勪釜浜鴻祫鏂欍傛渶鍚庯紝褰撴垜闂粬鏈夋病鏈夐棶棰樿闂垜鏃訛紝浠栧弽闂垜錛岋細“浣犲鎴戣繕鏈夋病鏈変換浣曠殑淇濈暀錛?/span>”褰撴椂錛屾垜鐨勭‘瀵逛粬鑳藉惁榪涘叆鏂扮殑鐮旂┒棰嗗煙鏈夌枒铏戯紝浜庢槸灝辮繘涓姝ラ棶浜嗕粬涓浜涜繖鏂歸潰鐨勯棶棰樸備粬涓懼嚭浜嗕袱涓緢鏈夎鏈嶅姏鐨勪緥瀛愩傛渶鍚庯紝鎴戜滑闆囩敤浜嗚繖鍚嶅簲鑱樿呫備粬鐜板湪鍋氬緱闈炲父鍑鴻壊銆?
鎸戞垬鑷垜銆佸紑鍙戣嚜韜綔鍔?/span>
鎴戝湪鑻規灉鍏徃宸ヤ綔鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鏈変竴澶╋紝鑰佹澘紿佺劧闂垜浠涔堟椂鍊欏彲浠ユ帴鏇夸粬鐨勫伐浣滐紵鎴戦潪甯稿悆鎯婏紝琛ㄧず鑷繁緙轟箯璞′粬閭f牱鐨勭鐞嗙粡楠屽拰鑳藉姏銆備絾鏄粬鍗磋錛岃繖浜涚粡楠屾槸鍙互鍩瑰吇鍜岀Н绱殑錛岃屼笖浠栧笇鏈涙垜鍦ㄤ袱騫翠箣鍚庡氨鍙互鍋氬埌銆傛湁浜嗚繖鏍風殑鎻愮ず鍜岄紦鍔憋紝鎴戝紑濮嬫湁鎰忚瘑鍦板姞寮鴻嚜宸卞湪榪欐柟闈㈢殑瀛︿範鍜屽疄璺點傛灉鐒訛紝鎴戠湡鐨勫湪涓ゅ勾涔嬪悗鎺ユ浛浜嗕粬鐨勫伐浣溿傛垜涓漢璁や負錛氫竴涓漢鐨勯瀵肩礌璐ㄥ浜庝粬灝嗘潵鐨勬不瀛︺佺粡鍟嗘垨浠庢斂閮芥槸鍗佸垎閲嶈鐨勩傚湪浠諱綍鏃跺欍佷換浣曠幆澧冮噷錛屾垜浠兘搴旇鏈夋剰璇嗗湴鍩瑰吇鑷繁鐨勯瀵兼墠鑳姐傚悓鏃訛紝鎴戝緩璁綘緇欒嚜宸變竴浜涙満浼氬睍紺鴻繖鏂歸潰鐨勮兘鍔涳紝鎴栬璞℃垜涓鏍鳳紝浣犱細鎯婅鑷繁鍦ㄨ繖涓鏂歸潰鐨勬綔鍔涜繙榪滆秴榪囦簡鎯寵薄涓偅鏍楓?/span>
緇欒嚜宸辮瀹氱洰鏍囨槸涓浠跺崄鍒嗛噸瑕佺殑浜嬫儏銆傜洰鏍囪瀹氳繃楂樺浐鐒朵笉鍒囧疄闄咃紝浣嗘槸鐩爣鍗冧竾涓嶅彲瀹氬緱澶綆銆傚湪浜屽崄涓涓栫邯錛岀珵浜夊凡緇忔病鏈夌枂鐣岋紝浣犲簲璇ユ斁寮鎬濈淮錛岀珯鍦ㄤ竴涓洿楂樼殑璧風偣錛岀粰鑷繁璁懼畾涓涓洿鍏鋒寫鎴樻х殑鏍囧噯錛屾墠浼氭湁鍑嗙‘鐨勫姫鍔涙柟鍚戝拰騫塊様鐨勫墠鏅紝鍒囦笉鍙仛“浜曞簳涔嬭洐”銆傚彟澶栵紝鍙湪涓鎵瀛︽牎鍙栧緱濂芥垚緇┿佸ソ鍚嶆灝辮涓鴻嚜宸卞凡緇忓姛鎴愬悕灝辨槸鍙瑧鐨勶紝瑕佺煡閬擄紝灞卞鏈夊北錛屼漢涓婃湁浜猴紝鑰屼笖錛屼笉鍚屽湴鏂圭殑琛¢噺鏍囧噯鍙堜笉涓鏍楓傛墍浠ワ紝鍦ㄨ绔嬬洰鏍囨柟闈紝鍗冧竾涓嶈鏈?/span>“瀹佷負楦¢錛屼笉涓虹墰鍚?/span>”鐨勬濇兂銆?
涓涓竴嫻佺殑浜轟笌涓涓竴鑸殑浜哄湪涓鑸棶棰樹笂鐨勮〃鐜板彲鑳戒竴鏍鳳紝浣嗘槸鍦ㄤ竴嫻侀棶棰樹笂鐨勮〃鐜板垯浼氭湁澶╁¥涔嬪埆銆傜編鍥借憲鍚嶄綔瀹跺▉寤?/span>•紱忓厠綰寵榪囷細“涓嶈绔敖鍏ㄥ姏鍘誨拰浣犵殑鍚屽儦绔炰簤銆備綘鏇村簲璇ュ湪涔庣殑鏄細浣犺姣旂幇鍦ㄧ殑浣犳洿寮恒?/span>”浣犲簲璇ユ案榪滅粰鑷繁璁劇珛涓浜涘緢鍏鋒寫鎴樻с佷絾騫墮潪涓嶅彲鍙婄殑鐩爣銆?/span>
鍦ㄧ‘绔嬪皢鏉ヤ簨涓氱殑鐩爣鏃訛紝涓嶈蹇樹簡鎵績鑷棶錛?/span>“榪欐槸涓嶆槸鎴戞渶鐑埍鐨勪笓涓氾紵鎴戞槸鍚︽効鎰忓叏鍔涙姇鍏ワ紵”鎴戝笇鏈涗綘浠兘澶熷鑷繁閫夋嫨鎵浠庝簨鐨勫伐浣滃厖婊℃縺鎯呭拰鎯寵薄鍔涳紝瀵瑰墠榪涢斾腑鍙兘鍑虹幇鐨勫悇縐嶈壈闅鵑櫓闃繪棤鎵鐣忔儳銆傝皥鍒板宸ヤ綔鐨勭儹鐖憋紝鎴戣璇嗙殑涓浣嶅井杞殑鐮旂┒鍛樻浘緇忚鎴戞繁鏈夋劅瑙︺備粬緇忓父鍛ㄦ湯寮杞﹀嚭闂ㄨ鍘昏“濂蟲湅鍙?/span>”錛屽悗鏉ワ紝涓嬈″伓鐒舵満浼氭垜鍦ㄥ姙鍏閲岀湅瑙佷粬錛岄棶浠?/span>“濂蟲湅鍙嬪湪鍝噷錛?/span>”浠栫瑧鐫鎸囩潃鐢佃剳璇達細“灝辨槸濂瑰憖銆?/span>”瀵逛簬宸ヤ綔鐨勭儹鐖憋紝姣斿皵•鐩栬尐涔熸浘鏈夎繃闈炲父綺懼僵鐨勯槓榪幫紝浠栬錛?/span>“姣忓ぉ鏃╂櫒閱掓潵錛屼竴鎯沖埌鎵浠庝簨鐨勫伐浣滃拰鎵寮鍙戠殑鎶鏈皢浼氱粰浜虹被鐢熸椿甯︽潵鐨勫法澶у獎鍝嶅拰鍙樺寲錛屾垜灝變細鏃犳瘮鍏村鍜屾縺鍔ㄣ?/span>”
鍑犱釜鏈堝墠錛屻婂寳浜潚騫存姤銆嬩笂鏇炬湁涓鍦烘帰璁ㄦ瘮灝?/span>•鐩栬尐鍜屼繚灝?/span>•鏌療閲戣皝鏇翠紵澶х殑璁ㄨ銆傜敱浜庝粠灝忓湪緹庡浗闀垮ぇ錛屾垜騫朵笉鐭ラ亾淇濆皵鍜屼粬鐨勯偅浜涗簨榪廣備絾鏄紝鎴戦潪甯歌禐鍚屼繚灝旂殑榪欐鍚嶈█錛?/span>“浜烘渶瀹濊吹鐨勪笢瑗挎槸鐢熷懡錛岀敓鍛藉睘浜庢垜浠彧鏈変竴嬈°備漢鐨勪竴鐢熷簲褰撹繖鏍峰害榪囷紝褰撲粬鍥為寰浜嬬殑鏃跺欙紝涓嶅洜铏氬害騫村崕鑰屾倲鎭紝涔熶笉鍥犵紕屾棤涓鴻岀緸鑰?#8230;…”鎵浠ワ紝閫夋嫨涓涓綘鐪熷績鐑埍鐨勪簨涓氾紝涓嶆柇鍦版寫鎴樿嚜鎴戙佸畬鍠勮嚜鎴戯紝璁╄嚜宸辯殑涓鐢熻繃寰楃簿褰╁拰鍏呭疄銆?
瀹㈣銆佺洿鎺ヤ簡褰撶殑娌熼?/span>
鏈変竴嬈★紝涓浣嶄腑鍥界殑澶у鏁欐巿鎵懼埌鎴戯紝甯屾湜鎴戝府浠栨壘涓浣嶅浗澶栫殑涓撳鍦ㄤ粬緇勭粐鐨勪細璁笂鍘諱綔涓婚婕旇錛屾湯浜嗚繕鐗規剰鍔犱簡涓鍙ワ紝鏈濂芥槸涓涓磱浜恒傛垜寰堜笉浠ヤ負鐒跺湴瀵逛粬璇達細“榪欎釜棰嗗煙鏈鍏鋒潈濞佺殑浜哄+灝辨槸鍦ㄥ寳浜殑涓涓腑鍥戒漢錛屼負浠涔堜綘涓瀹氳鎵句竴浣嶆磱浜哄憿錛?/span>”浠栬〃闈笂鍚屾剰鎴戠殑璇存硶錛屼絾鏄粬浠嶇劧璇蜂簡涓涓編鍥戒漢鏉ヤ綔榪欎釜婕旇錛岀粨鏋滄晥鏋滃緢宸傛墍浠ワ紝鎴戜滑涓嶅簲璇ラ櫡鍏ョ洸鐩殑宕囨磱鎯呯粨銆傛垜浠簲璇ョ敤瀹㈣鐨勭溂鍏夋潵鍒ゆ柇浜嬬墿錛岃屼笉鏄互浠栫殑鑲よ壊鎴栦粬鐨勫眳浣忓湴鏉ュ喅瀹氥?
鏈変竴鍙ヨ瘽璇達紝“鐪熺悊鎬繪槸鎺屾彙鍦ㄥ皯鏁頒漢鎵嬩腑”銆傛垜浠悊瑙h繖鍙ヨ瘽鐨勬剰鎬濓紝搴旇鏈夎嚜宸辯殑鐪煎厜錛屾湁鐙珛鎬濊冪殑鑳藉姏錛屼笉涓瀹氬ぇ澶氭暟浜鴻鍙殑錛屾垨鏌愪釜鏉冨▉璇寸殑錛屽氨鏄鐨勩備笉璁烘槸浣滃闂佹悶鐮旂┒榪樻槸緇忓晢錛屾垜浠兘涓嶈兘鐩蹭粠錛岃澶氭兂鍑犱釜涓轟粈涔堛?
鏈変簡瀹㈣鐨勬剰瑙侊紝浣犲氨搴旇鐩存帴浜嗗綋鍦拌〃杈俱傚鏋滃仛浠諱綍浜嬫儏閮借薄“鎵撳お鏋佹嫵”錛屼細璁╀漢涓嶇煡鎵浜戯紝涔熶細閫犳垚寰堝璇細銆傛湁涓嬈★紝鍦ㄥ井杞爺絀墮櫌宸ヤ綔鐨勪竴浣嶇爺絀朵漢鍛樺氨鑷繁鎵閫夋嫨鐨勭爺絀舵柟鍚戞潵寰佹眰鎴戠殑鎰忚錛屾垜浣滀簡涓鐣垎鏋愶紝璁や負榪欎釜鏂瑰悜鏈変笉灝戦棶棰橈紝鎴戜釜浜鴻涓哄瀛︽湳鐣岀殑璐$尞涓嶅ぇ錛屼絾濡傛灉浠栧潥鎸侊紝鎴戞効鎰忔敮鎸佷粬璇曠潃鍘誨仛銆傜粨鏋滀粬璁や負鎴戣繖鍙ヨ瘽鐨勬剰鎬濆疄闄呬笂灝辨槸涓嶅厑璁鎬粬鍘誨仛錛屾墍浠ヤ粬灝遍夋嫨浜嗗叾瀹冪殑鏂瑰悜銆傚悗鏉ヤ粬瑕佸嚭宸椂錛岃礋璐h鏀夸簨鍔$殑浜哄憡璇変粬錛屼綘鍙互閫夋嫨鍧愮伀杞︽垨鑰呭潗椋炴満銆備粬璁や負琛屾斂浜哄憳瀹為檯涓婃槸鍦ㄦ殫紺轟粬鍧愮伀杞︼紝鍥犱負鍧愰鏈哄お璐點傚叾瀹烇紝浠栫殑鐚滄祴閮芥槸閿欒鐨勩傚洜涓烘垜浠殑娌熼氭柟寮忔槸鐩存帴浜嗗綋錛岃屼粬鍗村湪“鎵撳お鏋佹嫵”銆傝繖涔嬪悗錛屾垜浠氳繃涓緋誨垪鐨勫叕鍙告枃鍖栬搴э紝璁╁憳宸ヤ滑浜嗚В鍒幫細蹇冮噷鎯充粈涔堝氨璁蹭粈涔堬紝涓嶈鎶婄畝鍗曠殑闂澶嶆潅鍖栥傜幇鍦紝鐮旂┒闄㈤噷榪欑被鐨勮浼氬皯浜嗗緢澶氥?/span>
鎷愬集鎶硅錛岃█涓嶇敱琛鳳紝緇撴灉嫻垂浜嗗ぇ瀹剁殑瀹濊吹鏃墮棿銆傜灮鍓嶉【鍚庯紝鐢熸曡閿欒瘽錛岀粨鏋滄槸鍙樻垚璋ㄥ皬鎱庡井鐨勬嚘澶傛洿緋熺硶鐨勬槸榪樻湁浜涗漢錛屽綋闈笉璇達紝鑳屽悗涔辮錛岃繖鏍峰浠栦漢鍜岃嚜宸遍兘姣棤鐩婂錛屾渶鍚庡彧鑳芥槸鐮村潖浜嗛泦浣撶殑鍥㈢粨銆傝繖鏍風殑浜哄拰浣滈鏃笉鑳介潰瀵圭ぞ浼氾紝涔熶笉鍙兘鍦ㄧ瀛︾爺絀朵腑璧板嚭鏂拌礬錛屾洿涓嶅彲鑳藉湪嬋鐑堢殑鍟嗘垬涓劚棰栬屽嚭銆?/span>
甯屾湜鍚屽浠兘澶熷仛鍒板紑璇氬竷鍏紝鏁簬璇?/span>“涓?/span>”錛岃繖鎵嶆槸灝婇噸鑷繁鎬濇兂鎰忔効鐨勮〃鐜般傚綋鐒訛紝鍦ㄨ〃杈句綘鐨勬剰瑙佹椂錛屾棤璁哄弽瀵瑰拰鎵硅瘎閮藉簲鏄緩璁炬х殑錛屾湁楂樺害璇氭剰鐨勶紝鑰屼笉鏄負鎵硅瘎鑰屾壒璇勶紝涓鴻京璁鴻屾壒璇勩傛垜璧炴垚鐨勬柟寮忔槸鎻愪緵寤鴻鎬х殑姝i潰鐨勬剰瑙併傚湪寮濮嬭璁洪棶棰樻椂錛屼換浣曚漢鍏堜笉瑕佹嫆浜哄崈閲屼箣澶栵紝澶у鎶婃兂娉曢兘鎽嗗湪妗岄潰涓婏紝鍏呭垎浣撶幇涓漢鐨勮鐐癸紝榪欐牱鎵嶄細鏈変竴涓綰沖ぇ閮ㄥ垎浜烘剰瑙佺殑緇撹銆傚綋鐒訛紝浣犱篃瑕佸涔犵敤閫傚綋鐨勬柟娉曞拰鍙f皵琛ㄨ揪浣犵殑鎰忚錛屾瘮濡傝涓嶈鍦ㄥ緢澶氫漢闈㈠墠璁╁埆浜洪毦鍫傝繖鏍鳳紝浣犵殑鎵硅瘎鎵嶄細濂忔晥銆?/span>
鐝嶆儨鏍″洯瀛︿範鐢熸椿
鍑犲ぉ鍓嶏紝鎶ョ焊涓婄櫥鍑轟竴鏉℃秷鎭紝璇存湁涓鐢熻緧瀛﹀幓寮緗戠粶鍏徃銆傛垜璁や負榪欏茍涓嶅煎緱鎻愬°傚緇濆ぇ澶氭暟瀛︾敓鏉ヨ錛屽湪鏍$敓媧繪槸緋葷粺鍦板涔犲熀紜鐞嗚鐭ヨ瘑錛屽涔犳濊冨拰瑙e喅闂鏂瑰紡鐨勫ソ鏈轟細銆傝繖浜涚煡璇嗗皢鎴愪負浣犳湭鏉ュ彂灞曡繃紼嬩腑鎵闇瑕佺殑鏈鍩烘湰鐨勭煡璇嗗拰鎶鑳姐傚氨璞″緩涓鏍嬮珮妤鹼紝濡傛灉涓嶆墦濂藉熀紜鏄粡涓嶈搗椋庡惞闆ㄦ墦鐨勩?/span>
鍦ㄥ叏鐞冭寖鍥村唴錛岀編鍥界殑鐮旂┒姘村鉤鏃犵枒鏄笘鐣屼竴嫻佺殑銆傝岄櫎浜嗙編鍥戒箣澶栵紝浣犱細鍙戠幇鑻卞浗鐨勭爺絀舵按騫充篃鏄浉褰撶獊鍑虹殑銆傜┒鍏跺師鍥狅紝鍏跺疄灝辨槸璇█闂銆傝嫳鍥戒漢鍙互姣棤闃葷鍦伴槄璇葷編鍥戒箖鑷沖叏鐞冨悇縐嶆渶鏂扮殑鑻辨枃鐮旂┒鎶ュ憡鍜岃祫鏂欍傝繖瀵逛簬浠栦滑鎶婃彙鐮旂┒鏂瑰悜錛岃窡韙渶鏂拌繘灞曪紝鍙戣〃鐮旂┒鎴愭灉閮芥湁寰堝ぇ鐨勫府鍔┿傚洜姝わ紝鑻辮瀛︿範瀵逛簬鎴戜滑浣滅爺絀剁殑浜烘潵璇達紝涔熸槸鐩稿綋閲嶈鐨勩傚彧鏈夊姞寮鴻繖鏂歸潰绱犺川鐨勫煿鍏伙紝鎵嶈兘閫傚簲灝嗘潵鐨勫彂灞曘傛垜寤鴻錛氬鑻辮鍏堝鍚錛屽啀瀛﹁鍐欙紝鑰屼笖鍔″繀鍦ㄥぇ瀛﹂樁孌靛畬鍏ㄨВ鍐寵嫳璇涔犵殑闂銆傜瓑鍒板勾榫勫ぇ浜嗭紝瑕佷粯鍑虹殑浠d環鐩告瘮灝變細澶у緱澶氥?/span>
闄や簡鑻辮涔嬪錛屾暟瀛︺佺粺璁″瀵圭悊宸ョ瀛︾敓涔熸槸寰堥噸瑕佺殑鍩虹璇劇▼錛屾槸涓嶅彲蹇借鐨勩傛暟瀛︽槸浜虹被鍑犲崈騫寸殑鏅烘収緇撴櫠錛屼綘浠竴瀹氳鐢ㄥ績鎶婂畠瀛﹀ソ錛屼笉鑳芥暦琛嶄簡浜嬨傛垜浠婂ぉ灝卞緢鍚庢倲鑷繁褰撳垵娌℃湁鑺辨洿澶氬姛澶妸鏁板瀛﹀緱鏇村ソ浜涖傚彟澶栵紝璁$畻鏈哄簲鐢ㄣ佺畻娉曞拰緙栫▼涔熼兘鏄瘡涓涓伐縐戝鐢熷簲璇ョ啛鎮夊拰鎺屾彙鐨勶紝瀹冧滑鏄皢鏉ヤ漢浜哄繀欏諱細鐢ㄧ殑宸ュ叿銆?/span>
縐戞妧鐨勫彂灞曞彲璋撴棩鏂版湀寮傘傚湪鏍″涔犵殑鐩殑錛屽叾瀹炲氨鏄帉鎻℃渶鍩烘湰鐨勫涔犲伐鍏峰拰鏂規硶銆傚皢鏉ュ埄鐢ㄨ繖浜涘伐鍏峰拰鏂規硶錛屽啀鍘誨涔犳柊鐨勪笢瑗褲傛瘮濡傦細涓婅瀛︿細浜咰++, 鑳藉惁鑷繁瀛︿細Java? 涓婅瀛︿細浜咹TML, 鑳藉惁鑷繁瀛︿細XML? 涓庡叾璇翠笂澶у鏄負浜嗗涓闂ㄤ笓涓氾紝涓嶅璇存槸涓轟簡瀛︿細濡備綍瀛︿範錛岃鑷繁鑳藉“鏃犲笀鑷?/span>”銆?/span>
澶у姣曚笟鍚庣殑鍓嶄袱騫達紝鍚屽浠仛鍒頒竴璧鳳紝鍙戠幇鍙樺寲閮借繕涓嶇畻澶с備簲騫村悗鍐嶈仛鍒頒竴璧鳳紝鍙樺寲灝卞ぇ澶氫簡銆備竴浜涗漢钀戒紞浜嗭紝鍥犱負浠栦滑涓嶅啀瀛︿範錛屼笉鍐嶈兘澶熸帉鎻℃柊鐨勪笢瑗匡紝鑷劧鑰岀劧鍦拌惤鍦ㄤ簡紺句細鍙戝睍鐨勫悗闈€傚鏋滄垜浠鍦ㄨ繖涓珵浜夋縺鐑堢殑紺句細涓案涓嶈惤浼嶏紝閭e氨寰楁案榪滃涔犮?
鎴戠殑鑰佹澘 - Rick Rashid鍗氬+鏄洰鍓嶅井杞叕鍙鎬富綆$爺絀剁殑楂樼駭鍓昏錛屼粬宸茬粡鍔熸垚鍚嶅氨錛屽嵈濮嬬粓淇濇寔鐫涓棰楀涔犲拰榪涘彇鐨勫績銆傜幇鍦紝浠栨瘡騫翠粛鐒剁紪鍐欏ぇ綰?0,000琛岀▼搴忋備粬璁や負錛氱敤鏈鏂扮殑鎶鏈紪紼嬪彲浠ヤ嬌浠栦繚鎸佸璁$畻鏈烘渶鍓嶆部鎶鏈殑鏁忔劅錛屼嬌鑷繁鑳藉涓嶆柇榪涙銆備粖澶╋紝鏈変簺鍗氬+鐢熷甫鐫浣庡勾綰х殑鏈鐢熷拰紜曞+鐢熷仛欏圭洰錛屽氨鑷弧鍦拌涓鴻嚜宸卞凡緇忔病鏈夊繀瑕佸啀緙栫▼浜嗐傚叾瀹烇紝榪欐牱鐨勫仛娉曟槸寰堜笉鏄庢櫤鐨勩?
姣忔鍒版竻鍗庡拰鍏跺畠瀛︽牎璁塊棶錛岃闂埌鏈澶氱殑灝辨槸瀛︾敓鎵撳伐鐨勯棶棰樸傛垜璁や負錛屾墦宸ヤ粠鎬諱綋鏉ヨ瀵瑰鐢熸槸涓浠跺ソ浜嬶紝鏄嫇瀹借閲庣殑涓縐嶆柟寮忋備緥濡傦細鍦ㄧ爺絀舵満鏋勬墦宸ワ紝鍙互瀛﹀埌鏈鏂扮殑縐戞妧錛涘湪浜у搧閮ㄩ棬鎵撳伐錛屽彲浠ュ鍒板紑鍙戠殑鎶鏈拰鎶鑳斤紱鍦ㄥ競鍦洪儴闂ㄦ墦宸ワ紝鍙互鐞嗚В鍟嗕笟鐨勮繍浣溿傛垜璁や負姣忎竴涓鐢熼兘搴旇鏈夋墦宸ョ殑緇忛獙錛屼絾涓嶈鎵撲竴浜?/span>“娌$敤鐨勫伐”銆傞鍏堣鏄庣櫧鎵撳伐鍙槸瀛︾敓鐢熸椿涓殑涓縐嶈ˉ鍏咃紝瀛︿範鎵嶆槸鏈閲嶈鐨勩傛墦宸ョ殑鐩殑鏄紑闃旂溂鐣岋紝涓嶆槸鎻愬墠涓婄彮銆傚鏋滀綘鎶婄炕璇戜功鏈佸綍鍏ユ暟鎹簱鎵鑺辯殑鏃墮棿鎶曞叆瀛︿範錛屽皢鏉ュ彲浠ヨ禋鏇村鐨勯挶銆傞偅浜涢挶灝嗚繙榪滆秴鍑虹洰鍓嶆墦宸ョ殑鏀跺叆銆?/span>
姝ゅ錛岃繕鏈変竴浜涘鐢熷彈鍒扮洰鍓嶉瀛﹀垱涓氱殑榧撳姳錛屼負鎴愪負涓浗鐨勬瘮灝?/span>•鐩栬尐鍜岃繄鍏嬪皵•鎴村皵鑰屼腑閫旇緧瀛︺備互鎴戠殑瑙傜偣錛岄櫎浜嗗崄鍒嗙壒孌婄殑鎯呭喌錛屾垜涓嶅緩璁湪鏍″鐢熼瀛﹀垱涓氥備綘鎵鐪嬪埌鐨勯偅浜涢瀛﹀垱涓氱殑鎴愬姛鑰呭疄闄呬笂灝戜箣鍙堝皯銆傜洰鍓嶏紝澶ч儴鍒嗗鐢熻櫧鏈夊垱涓氱殑鎯蟲硶錛屼絾緙哄皯鍒涗笟鐨勭粡楠岋紝鎵浠ュけ璐ョ殑鍙兘鎬ч潪甯稿ぇ銆傚鏋滆鎴愬姛錛屾垜寤鴻浣犱滑鍏堟妸涔﹁濂姐傚鏋滄槸瑕佸涔犲垱涓氱殑緇忛獙錛屼綘瀹屽叏鍙互鍒╃敤鍋囨湡鐨勬椂闂村厛鍘諱竴闂村叕鍙歌竟鎵撳伐杈瑰銆傛瘮灝?/span>•鐩栬尐涔熸浘璇磋繃錛?/span>“濡傛灉浣犳鍦ㄨ冭檻鑷繁鎴愮珛涓瀹舵柊鍏徃錛屼綘搴旇棣栧厛鏄庣‘鍦扮煡閬擄細鍒涘姙鍏徃闇瑕佸法澶х殑綺懼姏鎶曞叆錛岃鍐掑法澶х殑椋庨櫓銆傛垜瑙夊緱浣犱滑涓嶅繀璞℃垜錛屼竴寮濮嬪氨鍒涘姙涓瀹跺叕鍙搞備綘搴旇鑰冭檻鍔犵洘鍏朵粬鍏徃騫跺湪榪欏鍏徃涓涔犱粬浠殑宸ヤ綔銆佸垱涓氭柟娉曘?/span>”
浣犳兂鎴翠竴欏朵粈涔堟牱鐨勫崥澹附
鍦ㄦ垜榪涘叆鍗″唴鍩烘闅嗗ぇ瀛︽敾璇昏綆楁満鍗氬+瀛︿綅鏃訛紝緋諱富浠繪浘瀵規垜璁詫紝褰撲綘鎷垮埌浣犵殑鍗氬+瀛︿綅鏃訛紝浣犲簲璇ユ垚涓轟綘鎵浠庝簨鐨勭爺絀墮鍩熼噷涓栫晫絎竴鐨勪笓瀹躲傝繖鍙ヨ瘽瀵逛簬鍒濆嚭鑼呭簮鐨勬垜鏉ヨ綆鐩撮珮涓嶅彲鏀錛屼絾涔熻鎴戣笇韜囨弧蹇椼佽穬璺冩璇曘傚氨榪欐牱錛屽湪緇忚繃浜斿勾瀵掔獥銆佸浠ョ戶鏃ョ殑鍔姏宸ヤ綔鍚庯紝浠栨墍鏈熷緟鐨勭粨鏋滃氨閭d箞鑷劧鑰岀劧鍦板嚭鐜頒簡銆備竴涓墦綆楁敾璇誨崥澹浣嶇殑浜猴紝灝卞簲璇ョ粰鑷繁鏍戠珛涓涓緢楂樼殑鐩爣銆傚鏋滄病鏈夐泟蹇冨.蹇楋紝灝卞崈涓囦笉瑕佽嚜嬈烘浜猴紝涔熻緇忓晢鎴栦粠浜嬪叾瀹冨伐浣滐紝浼氭湁鏇村ぇ鐨勬垚緇┿?
鍦ㄧ洰鏍囩‘绔嬩箣鍚庯紝鎴戝緩璁綘涓鴻嚜宸辮璁′竴涓笁騫寸殑瀛︿範鍜岀鐮旇鍒掋傞鍏堬紝浣犻渶瑕佸交搴曞湴浜嗚В鍦ㄧ浉鍏抽鍩熶粬浜哄凡鏈夌殑宸ヤ綔鍜屾垚緇┿傜劧鍚庡啀鎻愬嚭鑷繁鐨勬兂娉曞拰瑙佽В錛屽仛鑴氳笍瀹炲湴鐨勫伐浣溿傚彟澶栵紝榪樿涓嶆柇璺熻釜榪欎釜棰嗗煙鐨勬渶鏂扮爺絀惰繘灞曘傚彧鏈夎繖鏍鳳紝鎵嶅彲浠ユ妸鎻″ソ鏂瑰悜錛岄伩鍏嶉噸澶嶆у伐浣滐紝鎶婄簿鍔涢泦涓湪鏈鏈変環鍊肩殑鐮旂┒鏂瑰悜涓娿?
鍦ㄥ鏈晫錛屼漢浠櫘閬嶈涓?/span>“鍚嶅笀鍑洪珮寰?/span>”銆傚彲瑙佸甯堝湪浣犵殑鎴愰暱閬撹礬涓綔鐢ㄦ槸澶氫箞鐨勫ぇ銆傛墍浠ワ紝浣犲簲璇ヤ富鍔ㄥ幓瀵繪壘鑷繁鎵鐮旂┒鐨勯鍩熼噷鏈濂界殑鑰佸笀銆傞櫎浜嗕綘鐨勮佸笀涔嬪錛屼綘榪樺簲璇ュ幓姹傛暀浜庡懆鍥存墍鏈夌殑涓撳銆傛洿涓嶈蹇樹簡甯稿幓姹傛暀“鏈鍗氬鐨勮佸笀”- Internet錛佺幇鍦紝鍑犱箮鎵鏈夌殑璁烘枃銆佺爺絀剁粨鏋溿佸厛榪涙兂娉曢兘鍙互鍦ㄧ綉涓婃壘鍒般傛垜榪橀紦鍔變綘鐩存帴鍙戠數瀛愰偖浠跺幓鍜ㄨ涓浜涗笘鐣屽叕璁ょ殑涓撳鍜屾暀鎺堛備互鎴戠殑緇忛獙錛屽浜庤繖鏍風殑閭歡錛屼粬浠腑鐨勫ぇ閮ㄥ垎閮戒細寰堝揩緇欎綘鍥炲銆?
鎴戝湪鏀昏鍗氬+瀛︿綅鏃訛紝姣忓懆宸ヤ綔涓冨ぉ錛屾瘡澶╁伐浣?6涓皬鏃訛紝澶ч噺鐨勭粺璁$粨鏋滃拰鍒嗘瀽鎶ュ憡鍑犱箮璁╂垜宕╂簝銆傞偅鏃訛紝鍚岄鍩熷叾浠栫爺絀朵漢鍛橀噰鐢ㄧ殑鏄笌鎴戜笉鍚岀殑浼犵粺鏂規硶銆傛垜鐨勮佸笀铏界劧鏀寔鎴戯紝浣嗗茍涓嶈鍙垜鐨勭爺絀舵柟鍚戙傛垜涔熸浘涓嶆涓嬈″湴鎬鐤戣嚜宸辯殑鎵浣滄墍涓烘槸鍚︾湡鐨勮兘澶熸垚鍔熴備絾緇堜簬鏈変竴澶╋紝鍦ㄥ崐澶滀笁鐐規椂鍋氬嚭鐨勪竴涓粨鏋滆鎴戞劅鍙楀埌浜嗘垚鍔熺殑婊嬪懗銆傚悗鏉ワ紝鐮旂┒鏈変簡紿侀鐚涜繘鐨勮繘灞曪紝瀵煎笀涔熷紑濮嬮噰鐢ㄦ垜鐨勭爺絀舵柟娉曘傛垜鐨勫崥澹鏂囦嬌鎴戠殑鐮旂┒鎴愪負鑷劧璇█鐮旂┒鏂歸潰褰撴椂鏈鏈夊獎鍝嶅姏鐨勫伐浣滀箣涓銆傝鍗氬+涓嶆槸涓浠惰交鏉劇殑浜嬶紝鍒囧繉嫻簛鐨勬儏緇紝鑰岃涓姝ヤ竴涓剼鍗幫紝鎵庢墡瀹炲疄鍦板伐浣溿備篃涓嶅彲鍙椾竴浜涚◢綰靛嵆閫濈殑鍚嶅埄鐨勮鎯戯紝鑰岃200錛呯殑鎶曞叆銆備篃璁鎬綘浼氱柌鍔籌紝浼氭噴鎮旓紝浼氳糠澶辨柟鍚戯紝浣嗘槸瑕佽浣忥紝浣犳墍鏈熷緟鐨勬垚鍔熷拰紿佺牬涔熸瀛曡偛鍏朵腑銆傞偅縐嶄竴鍒囬兘寰堥『鍒╋紝璋侀兘鍙互寰楀埌鐨勫伐浣滃拰緇撴灉錛屾垜鐩鎬俊鐮旂┒浠峰間竴瀹氫笉楂樸?
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鍐欏湪鏈鍚庣殑璇?/span>
涓婅堪涓浜涜鐐癸紝鏄垜鍦ㄤ笌鍚屽浠氦寰榪囩▼涓殑涓浜涙劅鍙椼傛垜甯屾湜榪欎簺寤鴻鍜屾兂娉曡兘瀵規鍦ㄦ湭鏉ヤ箣璺笂璺嬫秹鐨勪綘浠湁鎵鍚彂錛岃兘瀵逛綘浠洰鍓嶇殑瀛︿範鏈夋墍甯姪銆傛垨璁稿洜涓鴻鐐逛笉鍚屻佷漢鍚勬湁蹇楋紝鎴栬鍥犱負蹇犺█閫嗚籌紝榪欏皝淇″彲鑳芥棤娉曚負姣忎竴浣嶅悓瀛︽墍鎺ュ彈銆備絾鏄彧瑕佷竴鐧句綅闃呰榪欏皝淇$殑鍚屽涓湁涓浣嶄粠涓彈鐩婏紝榪欏皝淇″氨宸茬粡姣旀垜鎵浣滅殑浠諱綍鐮旂┒閮芥洿鏈変環鍊箋傛垜鐪熻瘹鍦板笇鏈涳紝鍦ㄦ柊鐨勪笘綰紝涓浗瀛︾敓鏃犺鏄湪鍥藉唴錛岃繕鏄浗澶栵紱鏃犺鏄仛鐮旂┒錛岃繕鏄粡鍟嗭紝閮芥樉寰楁洿鎴愮啛涓浜涳紝鎴愬姛鐨勬満鐜囨洿澶т竴浜涖?/span>
楂樻牎甯堢敓鍐掗洦鍚袱灝忔椂
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鏀瑰蹇楅摥紜畾浜虹敓鐩爣
鍒涗笟涓嶈鍚嶅埄褰撳厛
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鏉庡紑澶嶅崥澹帴鍙楁湰鎶ヨ鑰呬笓璁挎椂琛ㄧず鈥斺?/p>
鏄ㄦ棩錛岃鑰呭甫鐫閲嶅簡澶у鐢燂紝浠ュ強IT涓氱晫鎵鍏蟲敞鐨勭Щ鍔ㄦ悳绱㈠拰鏁村悎鎼滅儲鎶鏈瓑闂錛屽鏉庡紑澶嶅崥澹繘琛屼簡涓撹銆?/p>
鍚﹁Google瑕侀犳墜鏈?/strong>
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“鑹崇収闂?#8221;浜掕仈緗戞棤緗?/strong>
鏃㈢劧縐誨姩鎼滅儲鎶鏈拰鏁村悎鎼滅儲鎶鏈殑搴旂敤閮芥槸鍩轟簬瀵圭敤鎴蜂釜浜轟釜鎬у寲鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐佃繘琛屽垎鏋愬悗榪涜鐨勶紝閭d箞錛屽浣曠湅寰呬簰鑱旂綉鑳屾櫙涓嬬殑淇℃伅淇濆瘑錛熸潕寮澶嶉槓閲婏紝Google灝嗕粠鎶鏈笂淇濊瘉錛屾墍鏈夊憳宸ラ兘涓嶅彲鑳界湅鍒板叿浣撶敤鎴風殑浣跨敤淇℃伅銆?/p>
瀵逛簬宸茬粡鐧誨綍浜掕仈緗戠殑淇℃伅錛屼緥濡?#8220;鑹崇収闂?#8221;浜嬩歡錛屽鏋滄病鏈塆oogle榪欎簺鎼滅儲宸ュ叿錛屾洿澶氱殑涓婄綉鑰呮槸涓嶅彲鑳借繀閫熶笖澶ч噺鑾風煡鐨勶紝Google鏄笉鏄綉緇滀俊鎭硾婊ョ殑“鍔╂帹鍣?#8221;錛熸潕寮澶嶅茍涓嶅畬鍏ㄨ鍚岋細“涓浜涜礋闈俊鎭殑鍑虹幇錛屼笉鑳芥姜浜庝簰鑱旂綉鍜屾悳绱㈠紩鎿庯紝鑰屾槸璐d換褰掑繁鈥斺旀瘡涓漢閮借瀵硅嚜宸辯殑闅愮淇℃伅璐熻矗錛?#8221;
杞歡澶栧寘浠呮槸榪囩▼
閲嶅簡姝e湪澶у姏鍙戝睍浠?#8220;杞歡澶栧寘”涓洪噸鐐圭殑淇℃伅浜т笟錛屽姝ゆ潕鍗氬+璁や負錛屽閲嶅簡鐨勪俊鎭駭涓氳岃█錛屽鍖呮槸涓涓緢濂界殑鎴愰暱榪囩▼錛屼絾涓嶆槸鍞竴榪囩▼銆備粬璁や負錛屾湇鍔″鍖呮槸涓縐嶈緝濂界殑鍩硅妯″紡錛屾槸鐩稿浣庡埄娑︾殑錛屾槸鐢ㄤ漢宸ユ崲鏉ョ殑浣庡埄娑︺備粬璁や負錛岄噸搴嗗叾瀹炲彲浠ュ湪榪欎簺鏂歸潰緇х畫榪涜鎷撳睍錛屽彂灞曚俊鎭駭涓氫笉鑳戒富瑕佷緷闈犲鍖咃紝鏇磋鍙戝睍鍐呴渶銆?/p>
鏉庡紑澶嶅憡璇夎鑰咃紝閲嶅簡鍙戝睍淇℃伅浜т笟涓庢墍鏈夌殑鍩庡競鏄珯鍦ㄧ浉鍚屽鉤鍙頒笂鐨勶紝浣嗘槸淇℃伅浜т笟鐨勫彂灞曟渶閲嶈鐨勫洜绱犳湁錛氫漢鎵嶆暟閲忓拰鎴愭湰浼樺娍銆佸煄甯傚眳浣忕殑鍚稿紩鍔涖佹斂搴滅殑瓚沖鏀寔銆傛澶栵紝鑳戒笉鑳芥彁渚涘垱涓氱殑鍙兘鎬т篃鏄鑰冭檻鐨勯噸瑕侀棶棰樸?/p>
鏉庡紑澶嶅崥澹皬璧勬枡
紲栫睄鍥涘窛鍗庨槼錛?961騫?2鏈?鏃ョ敓浜庝腑鍥藉彴鍖楋紝11宀佹椂娓稿緹庡浗銆傛嫢鏈夊崱鍐呭熀姊呴殕澶у
澶嶈█
璺蟲Ы涓嶈鍗曠函涓轟簡鏀跺叆
涓嶈涓轟簡鑰冪爺鑰岃冪爺
濡傛灉浣犳壘鍒頒簡鍚堥傜殑鑱屼笟錛岃嚜宸卞緢鎰熷叴瓚o紝鍙互閫夋嫨灝變笟銆備笉鏄負浜嗚冪爺鑰岃冪爺錛屽鏋滄壘鍒頒簡鍠滄鐨勮亴涓氬彲浠ラ夋嫨灝變笟錛屽鏋滃笇鏈涜嚜宸卞灝嗘潵浠庝簨鐨勮亴涓氭湁鏇存繁鍏ョ殑浜嗚В錛屾垨鑰呬笉鍠滄鑷繁鐜板湪鎵瀛︾殑涓撲笟錛屽笇鏈涙崲涓柟鍚戯紝鍙互閫夋嫨鑰冪爺銆?/p>
鏉庡紑澶嶏細鍥涚浜哄彲鍚慓oogle鎶曢掔畝鍘?/strong>
鏉庡崥澹笇鏈涙湁鍥涚浜哄彲浠ュ悜Google鎶曢掔畝鍘嗭細涓漢鏇劇粡鍋氳繃鏋佹湁鍒涙剰鐨勭綉绔欙紱鍙戣〃榪囬潪甯稿ソ鐨勮鏂囷紱緙栧啓榪?0涓囪浠ヤ笂鐨勪唬鐮侊紱鍦ㄤ紭縐鐨勪簰鑱旂綉鍥㈤槦宸ヤ綔榪囥?/p>
“Google鏄竴涓拷姹傚憳宸ュ揩涔愮殑浼佷笟錛屾垜浠粰浜堝憳宸?0%鐨勮嚜涓繪椂闂達紝鍏跺疄鏄湪嬋鍙戜粬浠殑娼滆兘銆?#8221;鏉庡紑澶嶉潪甯鎬箰浜庡悜璁拌呬粙緇嶄粬浠殑浼佷笟鏂囧寲錛?#8220;Google鐨凣mail銆佺ぞ浜ょ綉銆丟oogle杈撳叆娉曘佽胺姝屾槬榪愬湴鍥劇瓑寰堝浜嗕笉璧風殑浜у搧閮芥槸鍛樺伐鍦ㄨ繖20%鐨勫揩涔愭椂闂撮噷嬋鍙戝嚭鏉ョ殑銆?#8221;
錛戯紟琛ㄨ揪寮忔眰鍊?/span>
EXP = S1 + OP + S2
鍒欑О OP+S1 +S2涓鴻〃杈懼紡鐨勫墠緙琛ㄨ揪寮?/span>
縐?/span> S1+OP+S2涓鴻〃杈懼紡鐨勪腑緙琛ㄨ揪寮?/span>
縐?/span> S1+S2+OP 涓鴻〃杈懼紡鐨勫悗緙琛ㄨ揪寮?/span>
EXP = a*b+(c-d/e)*f
鍓嶇紑琛ㄨ揪寮?/span>:+*ab*-cd/ef
涓紑琛ㄨ揪寮?/span>:a*b+c-d/e*f
鍚庣紑琛ㄨ揪寮?/span>:ab*cde/-f*+
緇撹錛?/span>
1錛?nbsp;鎿嶄綔鏁頒箣闂寸殑鐩稿嬈″簭涓嶅彉
2錛?nbsp;榪愮畻絎︾殑鐩稿嬈″簭涓嶅悓
3錛?nbsp;涓紑琛ㄨ揪寮忓け鍘諱簡鎷彿淇℃伅錛岃嚧浣胯繍綆楃殑嬈″簭涓嶇‘瀹?/span>
4錛?nbsp;鍓嶇紑琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑榪愮畻瑙勫垯涓猴細榪炵畫鍑虹幇鐨勪袱涓搷浣滄暟鍜屽湪瀹冧滑涔嬪墠涓旂揣闈犲畠浠殑榪愮畻絎︽瀯鎴愪竴涓渶灝忚〃杈懼紡
5錛?nbsp;鍚庣紑琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑榪愮畻瑙勫垯錛氳繍綆楃鍦ㄥ紡涓嚭鐜扮殑欏哄簭鎭頒負琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑榪愮畻欏哄簭錛屾瘡涓繍綆楃鍜屽湪瀹冧箣鍓嶅嚭鐜頒笖绱ч潬瀹冪殑涓や釜鎿嶄綔鏁版瀯鎴愪竴涓渶灝忚〃杈懼紡
濡備綍浠庝竴涓〃杈懼紡寰楀埌鍚庣紑寮忥紵
姣忎釜榪愮畻絎︾殑榪愮畻嬈″簭瑕佺敱瀹冧箣鍚庣殑涓涓繍綆楃鏉ュ畾錛屽湪鍚庣紑寮忎腑錛屼紭鍏堢駭楂樼殑榪愮畻絎﹂鍏堜簬浼樺厛綰т綆鐨勮繍綆楃銆?/span>
1錛?nbsp;璁劇珛榪愮畻絎︽爤
2錛?nbsp;璁捐〃杈懼紡鐨勭粨鏉熺涓?#8220;#”璁捐繍綆楃鏍堝簭涓?#8220;#”
3錛?nbsp;鑻ュ綋鍓嶅瓧絎︽槸鎿嶄綔鏁幫紝鍒欑洿鎺ュ彂閫佺粰鍚庣紑寮?/span>
4錛?nbsp;鑻ュ綋鍓嶈繍綆楃鐨勪紭鍏堢駭楂樹簬鏍堥《榪愮畻絎︼紝鍒欒繘鏍?/span>
5錛?nbsp;鍚﹀垯錛岄鍑烘爤欏惰繍綆楃鍙戦佺粰鍚庣紑寮?/span>
6錛?nbsp;“錛?#8221;瀵瑰畠涔嬪墠鍚庣殑榪愮畻絎﹁搗闅旂浣滅敤錛?#8220;錛?#8221;鍙涓鴻嚜鐩稿簲宸︽嫭鍙峰紑濮嬬殑琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑緇撴潫絎︺?/span>
2錛?nbsp;鍑芥暟閫掑綊
鍦ㄤ竴涓嚱鏁扮殑榪愯鏈熼棿璋冪敤鍙︿竴涓嚱鏁版椂錛屽湪榪愯璇ヨ璋冪敤鍑芥暟涔嬪墠闇瑕佸畬鎴愪笁浠朵簨錛?/span>
1錛?nbsp;灝嗘墍鏈夌殑瀹炲弬銆佽繑鍥炲湴鍧絳変俊鎭紶閫掔粰琚皟鐢ㄥ嚱鏁頒繚瀛?/span>
2錛?nbsp;涓鴻璋冪敤鍑芥暟鐨勫眬閮ㄥ彉閲忓垎閰嶅瓨鍌ㄥ尯
3錛?nbsp;灝嗘帶鍒惰漿縐誨埌琚皟鐢ㄥ嚱鏁板叆鍙?/span>
鍦ㄨ璋冪敤鍑芥暟榪斿洖璋冪敤鍑芥暟涔嬪墠搴旇瀹屾垚
1錛?nbsp;淇濆瓨琚皟鐢ㄥ嚱鏁扮殑璁$畻緇撴灉
2錛?nbsp;閲婃斁琚皟鐢ㄥ嚱鏁扮殑鏁版嵁鍖?/span>
3錛?nbsp;渚濈収琚皟鐢ㄥ嚱鏁頒繚瀛樼殑榪斿洖鍦板潃灝嗘帶鍒惰漿縐誨埌璋冪敤鍑芥暟
澶氫釜鍑芥暟宓屽璋冪敤鐨勮鍒欐槸錛?/span>
鍚庤皟鐢ㄥ厛榪斿洖姝ゆ椂鐨勫唴瀛樼鐞嗗疄琛?#8220;鏍堝紡綆$悊”
閫掑綊榪囩▼鎸囧悜榪囩▼涓崰鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鍖虹О涔嬩負閫掑綊宸ヤ綔鏍?/span>
姣忎竴灞傜殑閫掑綊鍙傛暟鍚堟垚涓涓褰曠О涔嬩負閫掑綊宸ヤ綔璁板綍
鏍堥《璁板綍鎸囩ず褰撳墠灞傜殑鎵ц鎯呭喌縐頒箣涓哄綋鍓嶆椿鍔ㄦ儏鍐?/span>
鏍堥《鎸囬拡縐頒箣涓哄綋鍓嶇幆澧冩寚閽?/span>綆鍗曠殑璇達紝杞歡浣撶郴緇撴瀯灝辨槸涓涓蔣浠剁郴緇熺殑鏋勫緩鏂規硶鍜屽唴閮ㄨ繍杞伐浣滄満鍒躲傚畠娑夊強鎬諱綋緇勭粐銆佸叏灞鎺у埗銆侀氳鍗忚銆佸悓姝ャ佹暟鎹瓨鍌ㄣ佺畻娉曠瓑闂銆?/span>
浣撶郴緇撴瀯鎻忚堪浜嗚蔣浠剁郴緇熷熀鏈殑緇撴瀯鍖栫粍緇囨柟妗堬紝瀹冧滑鎻愪緵浜嗕竴濂楅鍏堝畾涔夊ソ鐨勫瓙緋葷粺鏉ュ埗瀹氬畠浠殑鑱岃矗錛屽寘鎷敤浜庣粍緇囧畠浠箣闂寸殑瑙勫垯鍜屾寚鍗椼?/span>
鐮旂┒杞歡浣撶郴緇撴瀯鐨勭洰鐨勶細
1錛?nbsp;閬垮厤杞歡鍗辨満錛氶」鐩歡鏈熴佽垂鐢ㄨ秴鏀佺郴緇熼毦浠ヤ慨鏀?#8230;…
2錛?nbsp;鎻愰珮杞歡鐨勫彲澶嶇敤鎬?/span>
甯哥敤鐨勮蔣浠朵綋緋葷粨鏋勶細灞備綋緋葷粨鏋勩佹ā鍨嬧旇鍥鋸旀帶鍒訛紙MVC錛夈佷唬鐞嗚?/span>
灞傦細鏈夊姪浜庢瀯寤鴻繖鏍風殑搴旂敤紼嬪簭錛屽畠鑳藉垎瑙f垚鍑犵粍瀛愪換鍔★紝姣忕粍瀛愪換鍔″浜庝竴涓壒瀹氱殑鎶借薄灞傘?/span>
MVC錛氭妸涓涓氦浜掑紡搴旂敤紼嬪簭鍒嗘垚涓変釜緇勪歡錛氭牳蹇冨姛鑳姐佽〃紺哄拰鎺у埗銆傚彉鏇粹斾紶鎾満鍒剁‘淇濊繖涓変釜閮ㄥ垎鐨勪竴鑷存с?/span>
浠g悊鑰咃細鑳界敤浜庢瀯寤鴻繖鏍風殑鍒嗗竷寮忚蔣浠剁郴緇燂紝瀹冩湁鐫鍒嗙緇勪歡錛岃岃繖浜涚粍浠跺郊姝ら氳繃榪滅▼鏈嶅姟璋冪敤榪涜浜や簰銆?/span>
妯″紡綾誨埆錛?/span>
浠涔堟槸妯″紡錛氬綋涓撳鍦ㄦ眰瑙f煇涓鐗規畩闂鏃訛紝浠栦滑涓鑸笉浼氬彂鏄庝竴縐嶅拰浠ユ湁瑙e喅鏂規瀹屽叏涓嶅悓鐨勬柟妗堟潵澶勭悊闂銆備粬浠線寰鎯寵搗宸茶В鍐寵繃鐨勭浉浼奸棶棰橈紝騫墮噸鐢ㄥ叾瑙e喅鐨勭簿鍗庢潵瑙e喅闂銆傛ā寮忔棦鏄竴涓繃紼嬶紝鍙堟槸涓涓簨鐗┿?/span>
涓浜涙ā寮忔湁鍔╀簬鎶婁竴涓蔣浠剁郴緇熷垎瑙f垚瀛愮郴緇熴傚彟涓浜涙ā寮忔敮鎸佸瓙緋葷粺鍜岀粍浠剁殑緇嗗寲鎴栧畠浠箣闂村叧緋葷殑緇嗗寲銆傛垜浠彲浠ユ妸妯″紡鍒嗕負涓ょ妯″紡錛?/span>
浣撶郴緇撴瀯妯″紡
璁捐妯″紡
浣撶郴緇撴瀯妯″紡錛氬畠鏄珮灞傜殑妯″紡錛岀敤浜庡緩绔嬫暣浣撶殑杞歡妗嗘灦鍜屼綔涓哄叿浣撹蔣浠剁粨鏋勭殑妯℃澘銆?/span>
璁捐妯″紡錛氭槸涓瓑瑙勬ā鐨勬ā寮忥紝瀹冧滑鍦ㄨ妯′笂姣斾綋緋葷粨鏋勬ā寮忓皬錛屼絾鐙珛浜庣壒瀹氱紪紼嬭璦銆傚畠鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓敤浜庣粏鍖栬蔣浠剁郴緇熺殑瀛愮郴緇熸垨緇勪歡錛屾垨瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鍏崇郴鐨勬ā鏉褲傚畠鏄蹇點佹濈淮鏂瑰紡涓婄殑鎶借薄鍜岄噸鐢ㄣ?/span>
璁捐妯″紡綾誨瀷錛?/span>
鍒涘緩鍨嬶紙creational錛夎В鍐沖浣曞垱寤哄璞$殑闂
緇撴瀯鍨嬶紙structural錛夎В鍐沖浣曟紜殑緇勫悎綾繪垨瀵硅薄鐨勯棶棰?/span>
琛屼負鍨嬶紙behavioral錛夎В鍐崇被鎴栧璞′箣闂村浣曚氦浜掑拰濡備綍鍒嗛厤鑱岃矗鐨勯棶棰?/span>
閲嶆瀯
鎵璋撻噸鏋勬槸榪欐牱涓涓繃紼嬶細鍦ㄤ笉鏀瑰彉浠g爜澶栧湪琛屼負鐨勫墠鎻愪笅錛屽浠g爜鍋氬嚭淇敼錛屼互鏀硅繘紼嬪簭鍐呴儴鐨勭粨鏋勶紝鎻愪緵璧峰彲鐞嗚В鎬э紝闄嶄綆鍏朵慨鏀規垚鏈傞噸鏋勬槸涓縐嶆湁綰緥鐨勶紝緇忚繃璁粌鐨勭▼搴忔暣鐞嗘柟娉曘備粠鏈川涓婅錛岄噸鏋勫氨鏄湪浠g爜鍐欏ソ涔嬪悗鏀硅繘瀹冪殑璁捐銆?/span>
婊¤凍“寮鈥斺旈棴”鍘熷垯鐨勮璁″彲浠ヤ釜涓涓蔣浠朵袱涓紭瓚婃э細
1錛?nbsp;閫氳繃鎵╁睍宸叉湁鐨勮蔣浠剁郴緇燂紝鍙互鎻愪緵鏂扮殑琛屼負錛屼互婊¤凍瀵硅蔣浠舵柊鐨勯渶姹傦紝浣垮彉鍖栦腑鐨勮蔣浠剁郴緇熸湁涓瀹氱殑閫傚簲鎬у拰鐏墊椿鎬с?/span>
2錛?nbsp;宸叉湁鐨勮蔣浠舵ā鍧楋紝鐗瑰埆鏄渶閲嶈鐨勬娊璞″眰妯″潡涓嶈兘鍐嶄慨鏀癸紝榪欏氨鏄嬌鍙樺寲涓殑杞歡緋葷粺鏈変竴瀹氱殑紼沖畾鎬у拰寤剁畫鎬с?/span>
2錛庨噷姘忎唬鎹㈠師鍒欙細姒傚康錛氫竴涓蔣浠跺疄浣撳鏋滀嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏄竴涓熀綾葷殑璇濓紝閭d箞涓瀹氫嬌鐢ㄥ叾瀛愮被錛岃屼笖瀹冩牴鏈笉鑳藉療瑙夊嚭鍩虹被瀵硅薄鍜屽瓙綾誨璞$殑鍖哄埆銆?/span>
閲屾皬浠f崲鍘熷垯鏄戶鎵垮鐢ㄧ殑鍩虹煶銆傚彧鏈夊綋瀛愮被鍙互鏇挎崲鎺夊熀綾伙紝杞歡鐨勫姛鑳戒笉浼氬彈鍒板獎鍝嶆椂錛屽熀綾繪墠鑳藉鍦ㄥ熀綾葷殑鍩虹涓婂鍔犳柊鐨勮涓恒?/span>
鍙嶈繃鏉ョ殑浠f崲涓嶆垚绔嬨?/span>
蹇呴』鎸囧嚭錛屽弽榪囨潵鐨勪唬鎹㈠垯涓嶆垚绔嬶紝鍗沖鏋滀竴涓蔣浠跺疄渚嬩嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏄竴涓瓙綾葷殑璇濓紝閭d箞瀹冧笉涓瀹氫嬌鐢ㄥ熀綾匯?/span>
3錛庢帴鍙i殧紱誨師鍒欙細姒傚康錛氫嬌鐢ㄤ笓闂ㄧ殑鎺ュ彛姣斾嬌鐢ㄥ崟涓鐨勬帴鍙eソ銆備粠瀹㈡埛綾葷殑瑙掑害鏉ヨ錛屼竴涓被瀵瑰彟涓涓被鐨勪緷璧栨у簲褰撴槸寤虹珛鍦ㄦ渶灝忔帴鍙d笂鐨勩?/span>
“鎺ュ彛”鐞嗚В涓轟竴涓被鎵鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夋柟娉曠殑鐗瑰緛鐨勯泦鍚堬紝涔熷氨鏄竴縐嶉昏緫涓婃墠瀛樺湪鐨勬蹇點?/span>
瀹氬埗鏈嶅姟
鎺ュ彛闅旂鍘熷垯璁茬殑鏄負鍚屼竴涓鑹叉彁渚涘銆佺獎涓嶅悓鐨勬帴鍙o紝浠ュ簲瀵逛笉鍚岀殑瀹㈡埛绔姹傘?/span>
鎺ュ彛姹℃煋
榪囦簬鑷冭偪鐨勬帴鍙f槸瀵規帴鍙g殑姹℃煋銆?/span>
4錛庡悎鎴?/span>/鑱氬悎澶嶇敤鍘熷垯錛氭蹇碉細鍦ㄤ竴涓柊鐨勫璞¢噷闈嬌鐢ㄤ竴浜涘凡鏈夌殑瀵硅薄錛屼嬌涔嬫垚涓烘柊瀵硅薄鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎錛涙柊鐨勫璞¢氳繃鍚戣繖浜涘璞$殑濮旀淳杈懼埌澶嶇敤宸叉湁鍔熻兘鐨勭洰鐨勩?/span>
鍙︿竴縐嶈〃榪頒負錛氳灝介噺浣跨敤鍚堟垚/鑱氬悎鍏崇郴錛屽敖閲忎笉瑕佷嬌鐢ㄧ戶鎵垮叧緋匯?/span>
鍚堟垚/鑱氬悎澶嶇敤鐨勫ソ澶?/span>
1錛?nbsp;鏂板璞″瓨鍙栧凡鏈夊璞$殑鍞竴鏂規硶鏄氳繃宸叉湁瀵硅薄鐨勬帴鍙c?/span>
2錛?nbsp;榪欑澶嶇敤鏄粦鐩掑鐢紝鍥犱負宸叉湁瀵硅薄鍐呴儴緇嗚妭鏄柊瀵硅薄鎵鐪嬩笉瑙佺殑銆?/span>
3錛?nbsp;榪欑澶嶇敤鎵闇鐨勪緷璧栬緝灝戙?/span>
4錛?nbsp;姣忎竴涓柊鐨勭被鍙互灝嗙劍鐐歸泦涓湪涓涓換鍔′笂銆?/span>
5錛?nbsp;榪欑澶嶇敤鍙互鍦ㄨ繍琛屾湡闂村唴鍔ㄦ佽繘琛岋紝鏂板璞″彲浠ュ姩鎬佸湴寮曠敤涓庡凡鏈夊璞$被鍨嬬浉鍚岀殑瀵硅薄銆?/span>
緇ф壙澶嶇敤鐨勭己鐐?/span>
1錛夌牬鍧忎簡鍖呰錛屽洜涓虹戶鎵垮皢瓚呯被鐨勫疄鐜扮粏鑺傛毚闇茬粰瀛愮被銆傜敱浜庤秴綾葷殑鍐呴儴緇嗚妭甯稿父鏄瀛愮被閫忔槑鐨勶紝鎵浠ュ張縐頒負鐧界洅澶嶇敤銆?/span>
2錛夊鏋滆秴綾葷殑瀹炵幇鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉錛岄偅涔堝瓙綾葷殑瀹炵幇涔熶笉寰椾笉鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉銆傚洜姝わ紝褰撲竴涓熀綾誨彂鐢熸敼鍙樻椂錛屼慨鏀瑰皢鎵╂暎鍒版瘡涓綰у瓙綾伙紝璁捐甯堝皢鍋氬ぇ閲忕殑淇敼銆?/span>
3錛変粠緇ф壙緇ф壙鑰屾潵鐨勫疄鐜版槸闈欐佺殑錛屼笉鍙兘鍦ㄨ繍琛屾椂闂村唴鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉錛屾病鏈夎凍澶熺殑鐏墊椿鎬с?/span>
5錛庝緷璧栧掕漿鍘熷垯錛氭蹇碉細瑕佷緷璧栦簬鎶借薄錛屼笉瑕佷互鏉ヤ簬鍏蜂綋銆?/span>
鍙︿竴縐嶈〃榪頒負錛氳閽堝鎺ュ彛緙栫▼錛屼笉瑕侀拡瀵瑰疄鐜扮紪紼嬨?/span>
鍙涓涓寮曠敤鐨勫璞″瓨鍦ㄦ娊璞$被鍨嬶紝灝卞簲褰撳湪浠諱綍寮曠敤璇ュ璞$殑鍦版柟浣跨敤鎶借薄綾誨瀷錛屽寘鎷弬閲忕殑綾誨瀷澹版槑錛屾柟娉曠殑榪斿洖綾誨瀷鐨勫0鏄庯紝灞炴у彉閲忕殑綾誨瀷澹版槑絳夈?/span>
鎬庢牱鍋氬埌渚濊禆鍊掕漿鍘熷垯
浠ユ娊璞℃柟寮忚﹀悎鏄緷璧栧掕漿鍘熷垯鐨勫叧閿傜敱浜庝竴涓娊璞¤﹀悎鍏崇郴鎬昏娑夊強鍏蜂綋綾諱粠鎶借薄綾葷戶鎵匡紝騫朵笖闇瑕佷繚璇佸湪浠諱綍寮曠敤鍒板熀綾葷殑鍦版柟閮藉彲浠ユ浛鎴愬叾瀛愮被錛屽洜姝わ紝閲屾皬浠f崲鍘熷垯鏄緷璧栧掕漿鍘熷垯鐨勫熀紜銆?/span>
鍦ㄦ娊璞″眰嬈′笂鐨勮﹀悎铏界劧鏈夌伒媧繪э紝浣嗕篃甯︽潵浜嗛澶栫殑澶嶆潅鎬с傚湪鏌愪簺鎯呭喌涓嬶紝濡傛灉涓涓叿浣撶被鍙戠敓鍙樺寲鐨勫彲鑳芥ч潪甯稿皬錛岄偅涔堟娊璞¤﹀悎鑳藉彂鎸ョ殑濂藉渚垮崄鍒嗘湁闄愶紝榪欐椂浣跨敤鍏蜂綋鑰﹀悎浼氭洿濂姐?/span>
6錛庤開綾崇壒娉曞垯錛氬張鍙仛鏈灝戠煡璇嗗師鍒欙紝灝辨槸璇達紝涓涓璞″簲褰撳鍏朵粬瀵硅薄鏈夊敖鍙兘灝戠殑浜嗚В銆?/span>
榪背鐗規硶鍒欑殑鍚勭琛ㄨ堪錛?/span>
1錛?nbsp;鍙笌浣犵洿鎺ョ殑鏈嬪弸浠氫俊
2錛?nbsp;涓嶈璺?#8220;闄岀敓浜?#8221;璇磋瘽
3錛?nbsp;姣忎竴涓蔣浠跺崟浣嶅鍏朵粬鐨勫崟浣嶉兘鍙湁鏈灝戠殑鐭ヨ瘑錛岃屼笖灞闄愪簬閭d簺涓庢湰鍗曚綅瀵嗗垏鐩稿叧鐨勮蔣浠跺崟浣嶃?/span>
鐙箟鐨勮開綾崇壒娉曞垯
濡傛灉涓や釜綾諱笉蹇呭郊姝ょ洿鎺ラ氫俊錛岄偅涔堣繖涓や釜綾誨氨涓嶅簲褰撳彂鐢熺洿鎺ョ殑鐩鎬簰浣滅敤銆傚鏋滃叾涓殑涓涓被闇瑕佽皟鐢ㄥ彟涓涓被鐨勬煇涓涓柟娉曠殑璇濓紝鍙互閫氳繃絎笁鑰呰漿鍙戣繖涓皟鐢ㄣ?/span>
鐙箟榪背鐗規硶鍒欑殑緙虹偣
閬靛驚鐙箟鐨勮開綾崇壒娉曞垯浼氫駭鐢熶竴涓槑鏄劇殑緙虹偣錛氫細鍦ㄧ郴緇熼噷閫犳垚澶ч噺鐨勫皬鏂規硶錛屾暎钀藉湪緋葷粺鐨勫悇涓钀斤紝榪欎簺鏂規硶浠呬粎鏄紶閫掗棿鎺ョ殑璋冪敤錛屽洜姝や笌緋葷粺鐨勫晢鍔¢昏緫鏃犲叧銆?/span>
鏈嬪弸鐨勭‘瀹?/span>
1錛?nbsp;褰撳墠瀵硅薄鏈韓錛?/span>this錛?/span>
2錛?nbsp;浠ュ弬閲忓艦寮忎紶鍏ュ埌褰撳墠瀵硅薄鏂規硶涓殑瀵硅薄
3錛?nbsp;褰撳墠瀵硅薄鐨勫疄渚嬪彉閲忕洿鎺ュ紩鐢ㄧ殑瀵硅薄
4錛?nbsp;褰撳墠瀵硅薄鐨勫疄渚嬪彉閲忓鏋滄槸涓涓仛闆嗭紝閭d箞鑱氶泦涓殑鍏冪礌涔熼兘鏄湅鍙?/span>
5錛?nbsp;褰撳墠瀵硅薄鎵鍒涘緩鐨勫璞?/span>