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鏉庡痙浠併閮笝杞┿鐜嬪瘑銆闆烽渾
鎽樸瑕併浠嬬粛浜嗗熀浜嶨PS涓嶨IS闆嗘垚鐨勮濺杈嗗鑸郴緇熻璁′笌瀹炵幇錛屾帰璁ㄤ簡瀵艱埅緋葷粺涓數瀛愬湴鍥劇殑絀洪棿鏁版嵁緇勭粐錛屾彁鍑轟簡GPS淇″彿涓嶨IS璺綉鏁版嵁鍖歸厤銆佸揩閫熺殑閭礬閫夋嫨銆佹渶浣寵礬寰勯夋嫨銆佸湴鍥鵑殢椹鵑┒鏂瑰悜蹇熷疄鏃舵棆杞妧鏈強璇煶鎻愮ず銆佽闊寵瘑鍒妧鏈殑浣跨敤銆?br />鍏抽敭璇嶃3S闆嗘垚;杞﹁締瀵艱埅;淇℃伅铻嶅悎;鍖歸厤;鏈浣寵礬寰?閭礬闂;璇煶璇嗗埆;蹇熸樉紺?br />鍒嗙被鍙楓P228.42錛汸208銆鏂囩尞鏍囪瘑鐮併A
鏂囩珷緙栧彿錛?000-050X(2000)03-0208-211
Vehicle聽Navigation聽System聽Design聽and聽Implementation
Based聽on聽Integration聽of聽GPS聽and聽GIS
LI聽Deren
(Presidential聽Secretarial錛學TUSM錛?29聽Luoyu聽Road,Wuhan,China,430079)
GUO聽Bingxuan銆WANG聽Mi銆LEI聽Ting
(National聽Laboratory聽for聽Information聽Engineering聽in聽Surveying,Mapping聽and聽Remote聽Sensing,WTUSM錛?29聽Luoyu聽Road,Wuhan,China,430079)
Abstract銆This聽article聽discusses聽the聽design聽and聽implementation聽of聽a聽vehicle聽navigation聽system聽(VNS),which聽is聽based聽on聽the聽joint聽technology聽of聽GPS聽and聽GIS.After聽a聽general聽systematic聽analysis聽of聽VNS,this聽article聽discusses聽the聽following聽issues:(1)The聽
outline聽design聽of聽VNS聽including聽its聽hardware,software聽and聽system聽architecture.(2)聽The聽real-time聽procedure聽of聽GPS聽signals聽and聽other聽ones,which聽involves聽signal聽receiving,data聽communication,coordinate聽transformation,as聽well聽as聽the聽processing聽of聽electric聽
compass聽signals.(3)聽The聽data聽organization聽issues.Both聽spatial聽and聽attribute聽data聽of聽roads聽network聽are聽organized聽into聽an聽integer聽model.Point聽features聽are聽also聽organized聽in聽the聽same聽way.In聽order聽to聽make聽effective聽spatial聽index聽and聽topological聽
relationship,some聽relevant聽technologies聽has聽been聽developed.Optimized聽data聽organization聽and聽multithread聽programming聽technology聽has聽made聽possible聽the聽fast聽rotation聽and聽movement聽of聽the聽map聽in聽response聽of聽GPS聽signals.Based聽on聽road聽topology,we聽develope聽a聽
fast聽algorithm聽to聽search聽best聽route.(4)The聽matching聽of聽GPS聽signal聽with聽map聽data.Normally,GPS聽coordinate聽error聽is聽around聽100聽m,which聽includes聽system聽error.We聽use聽GIS聽data聽to聽correct聽the聽systematic聽error聽and聽to聽fit聽the聽GPS聽coordinate聽into聽the聽map.In聽case聽
GPS聽signal聽is聽lost,we聽employ聽some聽algorithms聽to聽estimate聽the聽position聽of聽the聽vehicle,with聽the聽aid聽of聽other聽devices聽like聽electric聽compass.(5)聽The聽design聽and聽implementation聽of聽our聽VNS聽interface.The聽VNS聽interface聽is聽mainly聽composed聽of聽three聽views:global聽
view聽that聽presents聽the聽map聽in聽a聽normal聽mode聽and聽highlights聽the聽planned聽and聽passed聽route,a聽driver's聽view聽that聽rotates聽to聽keep聽the聽forward聽direction聽northward;and聽a聽prompt聽window聽that聽shows聽user聽guidance聽information.(6)The聽audio聽control聽part,which聽can聽
fulfill聽the聽need聽for聽man-machine聽interaction聽better聽than聽traditional聽ways聽of聽keyboard聽plus聽mouse.
Key聽words銆integration聽of聽3S;vehicle聽navigation;information聽fusion;matching;optimal聽route;post聽road聽issue;audio聽recognition;quick聽display
銆銆鏅鴻兘浜ら氱郴緇?ITS)灝嗘垚涓轟粖鍚庝氦閫氬彂灞曠殑涓昏鏂瑰悜銆備綔涓烘櫤鑳戒氦閫氱郴緇熼噸瑕佺粍鎴愰儴鍒嗙殑杞﹁締瀵艱埅鎴愪負浜嗙爺絀剁殑鐑偣銆傚鑸郴緇熷府鍔╁徃鏈洪夋嫨鏈浣寵礬寰勶紝鎻愰珮鏁堢巼錛屼負鍙告満鎻愬墠鎻愪緵閬撹礬淇℃伅錛屼緥濡傞亾璺漿寮佷氦閫氫簨鏁呮槗鍙戝尯鐨勬彁紺猴紝闄嶄綆浜ら氫簨鏁呭彂鐢熺巼銆?br />
1銆緋葷粺璁捐涓庣粍鎴?br />
銆銆鍦ㄥ鑸郴緇熶腑錛屽簲鐢℅IS緇勭粐綆$悊璺綉絀洪棿鏁版嵁鍙婂睘鎬ф暟鎹紝鍚勭鍗曚綅榪涜鍒嗙被綆$悊錛屽茍瀵孤犺礬緗戝緩绔嬫嫇鎵戝叧緋匯侴PS鎺ユ敹鏈哄疄鏃舵帴鏀跺崼鏄熶俊鍙峰茍杞崲涓哄潗鏍囦俊鎭紝涓庡湴鍥炬暟鎹繘琛屽尮閰嶃傝繖鏄竴縐嶅吀鍨嬬殑GPS涓嶨IS闆嗘垚褰㈠紡銆?br />1.1銆緋葷粺緇勬垚
銆銆緋葷粺鍖呮嫭錛氫富棰?66MHz宸ユ帶鏈轟竴鍙?甯﹀濯掍綋璁懼)銆丟PS鎺ユ敹鏈恒佺數瀛愮綏鐩樸佽濺杞閫熷櫒銆佹搷浣滅郴緇熴丟PS淇″彿澶勭悊杞歡銆丟PS涓嶨IS闆嗘垚杞歡銆佽闊寵瘑鍒蔣浠躲佺數瀛愬湴鍥劇瓑銆?br />1.2銆緋葷粺鍔熻兘
銆銆.鍦板浘鐨勬樉紺恒佺緝鏀俱佹極娓搞佸浘褰㈢殑浠繪剰鏃嬭漿錛?br />銆銆.鏌ヨ鍔熻兘錛屽睘鎬т笌鍥懼艦鐨勭浉浜掓煡璇紱
銆銆.鏈浣寵礬寰勭殑鎼滅儲銆侀偖璺殑閫夋嫨錛岄兘鍙換鎰忚緗彲緇忕敱鐐廣佷笉鍙粡鐢辯偣錛?br />銆銆.鏈浣寵礬寰勫鑸拰闅忔満瀵艱埅涓ょ瀵艱埅鏂瑰紡錛?br />銆銆.瀹炴椂鏄劇ず杞︾殑褰撳墠浣嶇疆鍜岃建榪癸紱
銆銆.GPS婕傜Щ璇樊鐨勭籂姝o紱
銆銆.褰揋PS淇″彿涓㈠け鏃訛紝鎺ㄤ及杞︾殑褰撳墠浣嶇疆錛?br />銆銆.GPS鍧愭爣涓庡湴鍥懼尮閰嶏紝椹鵑┒鏂瑰悜鐨勭‘瀹氾紝鏍規嵁椹鵑┒鏂瑰悜瀹炴椂鍦版妸鍓嶈繘鏂瑰悜璋冩暣鍒版鍖楁柟鍚戯紱
銆銆.琛岃濺閬撹礬銆佷綅緗佸埌杈劇洰鐨勫湴絳変赴瀵岀殑澹伴煶銆佹枃瀛楁彁紺猴紱
銆銆.鍙互鎽嗚劚浼犵粺鐨勯紶鏍囥侀敭鐩樿緭鍏ワ紝閲囩敤澹伴煶杈撳叆錛岃屼笖涓嶉渶瑕佸彛闊抽傚簲銆?br />
2銆GIS閮ㄥ垎涓嶨PS閮ㄥ垎鐨勬帴鍙?br />
銆銆浣跨敤DDE瀹炵幇浜咷IS杞歡涓嶨PS杞歡鐨勬帴鍙d笌閫氳錛屼嬌鐢―DE鍙嬌涓嶅悓鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忎箣闂翠氦鎹俊鎭笌鏁版嵁銆?br />2.1銆瀵笹PS淇″彿鐨勫疄鏃舵帴鏀?br />銆銆浣跨敤DDE涓嶨PS淇″彿澶勭悊杞歡閫氳錛屽疄鏃舵帴鏀禛PS淇″彿銆侱DE鏄繃紼嬩箣闂寸殑閫氳鏈哄埗(IPC)錛屽畠浣跨敤Windows娑堟伅鍜屽叡浜唴瀛橈紝浣跨浉浜掑悎浣滅殑搴旂敤紼嬪簭鑳藉浜ゆ崲鏁版嵁銆侱DE涓綔鍦ㄧ潃涓縐嶅崗璁紝鍙戦佸簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓拰鎺ユ敹搴旂敤紼嬪簭鍦ㄤ氦鎹㈡暟鎹椂蹇呴』閬靛畧榪欑鍗忚銆?br />銆銆DDE閫傜敤浜庝粠涓涓簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓埌鍙︿竴涓簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忔潵浼犻掓暟鎹紝灝ゅ叾鏄帴鏀剁▼搴忓繀欏繪搷綰墊暟鎹椂銆傜敤瀹㈡埛鏈?鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鏈鏉ヨ錛屾暟鎹殑鎻愪緵灝辨槸涓涓湇鍔″櫒錛岃屾暟鎹殑鎺ユ敹鑰呭氨鏄疍DE鐨勫鎴鋒満銆傚湪DDE涓紝瀹㈡埛鏈哄簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓拰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓繀欏婚兘鐭ラ亾鏁版嵁鏍煎紡銆傜郴緇熶嬌鐢ㄧ殑DDE瀵硅瘽鏍煎紡涓?緇?br />搴︼紝綰害錛岄熷害錛屾柟鍚戯紝楂樼▼錛屾椂闂?銆?br />2.2銆瀵笹PS淇″彿鐨勫疄鏃跺鐞?br />銆銆1)聽鎶曞獎鍙樻崲(緇忕含搴﹀潗鏍囧埌楂樻柉鍧愭爣鐨勫彉鎹?
銆銆鐢變簬GPS鎺ユ敹鏈烘帴鏀跺埌鐨勬槸緇忕含搴﹀潗鏍囷紝鍥犳錛岄鍏堝繀欏婚氳繃楂樻柉鎶曞獎灝嗗叾杞崲鎴愰珮鏂潗鏍囷紝杞崲鍏紡濡備笅錛?br />
寮忎腑錛孹B0=C0B-cosB(C1sinB+C2sin3B+C3sin5B);t=tanB;l=L-L0;N=;m0=lcosB;畏2=e2cosB;L銆丅涓鴻漿鎹㈠墠鐨勭粡綰害鍧愭爣錛泋銆亂涓鴻漿鎹㈠悗鐨勯珮鏂潗鏍囷紱L0涓烘姇褰卞甫鐨勪腑澶粡綰垮潗鏍囷紱C0銆丆1銆丆2銆丆3涓轟笌鐐逛綅鏃犲叧鑰屽彧涓庢き鐞冨弬鏁版湁鍏崇殑甯告暟銆?br />銆銆2)鍧愭爣鍙樻崲(楂樻柉鍧愭爣鍒扮數瀛愬湴鍥懼潗鏍囩殑鍙樻崲)
銆銆瀵艱埅涓殑鐢靛瓙鍦板浘鏄互鐙珛鍧愭爣緋諱負鍩哄噯鐨勶紝鍥犳錛屽繀欏誨皢鍏剁撼鍏ュ埌楂樻柉騫抽潰鐩磋鍧愭爣緋諱腑銆傜數瀛愬湴鍥劇殑鍙樺艦寰堝皬錛屽彧闇鑰冭檻騫崇Щ鍜岀緝鏀懼弬鏁幫紝鍙樻崲鍏紡涓猴細
X=xK+X0
Y=yK+Y0
3銆GIS鏁版嵁緇勭粐涓庢渶浣寵礬寰勭殑鎼滅儲
銆銆緋葷粺閲囩敤GeoStar緇勭粐搴曞眰鏁版嵁銆侴eoStar鍏鋒湁鍥懼艦灞炴т竴浣撳寲鍏堣繘鏁版嵁綆$悊妯″瀷銆侀潰鍚戝璞$殑鏁版嵁緇勭粐絳変紭鐐廣?br />3.1銆鍥懼艦鐨勫垎灞?br />銆銆鍥懼艦閮ㄥ垎鍒嗕負3灞傦細(1)聽搴曞浘閮ㄥ垎銆傚寘鎷渤嫻併佹箹娉娿佸緩絳戠墿絳夊熀紜淇℃伅銆?2)聽璺綉銆傛妸璺綉鍒嗙駭綆$悊錛屼緥濡備富騫查亾銆佹騫查亾絳夛紝騫跺姩鎬佸緩绔嬫嫇鎵戝叧緋匯?3)聽浼佷簨涓氬崟浣嶃傚垎涓?澶х被綆$悊錛屽寘鎷暀鑲層佸厷鏀挎満鍏熾侀摱琛屻佸棣嗐佸晢鍦虹瓑銆?br />3.2銆璺綉鎷撴墤鍏崇郴鐨勫緩绔?br />銆銆鍦ㄨ礬緗戠殑鏁板妯″瀷涓紝鍙渶瑕佺敤鍒扮粨鐐逛笌緇撶偣浠ュ強閬撹礬鐨勮繛閫氭э紝鍗崇粨鐐逛笌緇撶偣浠ュ強綰挎涔嬮棿鐨勬嫇鎵戝叧緋匯傜瑪鑰呴亶鍘嗚礬緗戞暟鎹緩绔嬩簡榪欑鎷撴墤鍏崇郴鏁版嵁錛屽茍鎸夌収鏈浣寵礬寰勭畻娉曠殑瑕佹眰瀵硅繖縐嶆暟鎹寜緇撶偣鐨勭紪鍙瘋繘琛屼簡鎺掑簭銆?br />銆銆鑰冭檻鍒板煄甯傞亾璺綉鏇存柊鐨勯熷害鐩稿杈冨揩錛岀瑪鑰呴噰鐢ㄤ簡鍔ㄦ佹柟寮忓緩绔嬭礬緗戞嫇鎵戝叧緋伙紝鍗崇郴緇熷湪姣忔鍚姩鏃舵嫻嬭礬緗戞暟鎹?鑻ュ彂鐜拌礬緗戞暟鎹凡緇忓彉鍔紝灝遍噸寤烘嫇鎵戝叧緋匯傝繖鏍鳳紝灝變笉瑕佹眰鍦ㄧ郴緇熷惎鍔ㄤ箣鍓嶉鍏堝緩绔嬫嫇鎵戝叧緋匯?br />3.3銆鏈浣寵礬寰勬悳绱?br />銆銆璁$畻鏈浣寵礬寰勬椂錛岄噰鐢ㄧ粡鍏稿浘璁轟腑鐨凞ijstra綆楁硶錛屼篃縐版爣鍙鋒硶銆侱ijstra綆楁硶鎶婄粨鐐規爣璁頒負涓存椂鎬х殑T鏍囧彿鐐瑰拰鏈緇堥夊畾鐨凱鏍囧彿鐐癸紝騫舵妸璧風偣浣滀負絎竴涓狿鏍囧彿鐐癸紝鐒跺悗鎸夌収鏈鐭礬寰勭殑鍘熷垯閫愪釜閫夊嚭T鏍囧彿鐐逛腑鐨凱鏍囧彿鐐癸紝騫舵寜P鏍囧彿鐐規墿灞昑鏍囧彿鐐歸泦錛岀洿鍒扮洰鏍囩偣(鎴栨墍鏈夌殑鐐?琚爣涓篜鏍?br />鍙風偣銆備粠璧風偣鍒扮粓鐐圭殑P鏍囧彿鐐瑰簭鍒楀氨浠h〃浜嗘墍姹傜殑鏈浣寵礬寰勩?br />銆銆涓轟簡鎶奃ijstra綆楁硶鐢ㄤ簬瀹為檯鐨勯亾璺綉涓紝絎旇呰繘琛屼簡涓浜涜ˉ鍏咃紝鍔犲叆浜嗗鍥為伩鐐圭殑澶勭悊銆傚嵆鑳藉鍦ㄨ綆楁渶浣寵礬寰勬椂錛岄伩寮鎸囧畾鐨勫洖閬跨偣銆傚彟澶栵紝涔熷璧風偣鍜岀粓鐐規槸綰挎鍐呯偣鐨勬儏鍐佃繘琛屼簡澶勭悊錛屼嬌璺涓棿鐨勭偣涔熻兘琚変負璧風偣銆佺粓鐐規垨鍥為伩鐐廣?br />銆銆鐢變簬鍩庡競閬撹礬姣旇緝澶嶆潅錛岃礬緗戞暟鎹殑鏁版嵁閲忓緢澶э紝鍥犳錛屼負浜嗘彁楂樻悳绱㈡椂闂達紝榪橀噰鐢ㄤ簡騫垮害浼樺厛鐨勬悳绱㈡硶錛屽嵆鍏堝湪涓瀹氶檺鍒舵悳绱㈣寖鍥村唴鎼滅儲璺緞錛岀劧鍚庨愭鎵╁ぇ榪欎竴鑼冨洿錛岀洿鍒版壘鍒版渶浣寵礬寰勩?br />銆銆鍦ㄩ亾璺綉涓紝閫氬父浠ヨ礬寰勬婚暱鏈鐭負璺緞鐨勬渶浣蟲爣鍑嗭紝浣嗕篃鍙互閫夋嫨鍍忚礬瀹姐佽濺嫻侀噺銆佽濺閫熼檺鍒剁瓑鍥犵礌浣滀負鍒ゆ柇鍥犲瓙銆備緥濡傦紝鍙互鐢ㄨ礬孌甸暱搴﹂櫎浠ラ亾璺搴︿綔涓哄垽鏂爣鍑嗭紝鍦ㄨ繖縐嶆爣鍑嗕笅閫夊嚭鐨勬渶浣寵礬寰勫氨鍙互閬垮紑閭d簺杈冪獎鐨勮礬孌點?br />
4銆GPS鍧愭爣涓庢暟瀛楀湴鍥懼尮閰?br />
銆銆鏈郴緇熶互GPS淇″彿鍜屽凡鏈夌殑鏁板瓧鍦板浘涓哄鑸緷鎹?br />銆銆SA鎶鏈嬌GPS瀹氫綅璇樊綰︿負100m錛岃濺杈嗗湪琛岄┒榪囩▼涓竴鑸笉浼氳劚紱婚亾璺傛牴鎹瓽PS寰楀埌鐨勫畾浣嶇粨鏋滐紝鍒╃敤鏁板瓧鍦板浘瀛樺偍鐨勯亾璺暟鎹紝鎸夌収涓瀹氱畻娉曞皢杞﹁締浣嶇疆寮哄埗鎬ч檮鍚堝埌閬撹礬涓婏紝鍏剁畻娉曞涓嬶細
銆銆1)聽鍦ㄨ窛鐢盙PS寰楀埌鐨勫畾浣嶇偣100m鑼冨洿鍐咃紝鎼滅儲閬撹礬錛?br />銆銆2)聽閬撹礬鐨勬柟鍚戣涓嶨PS淇″彿鐨勬柟鍚戜竴鑷達紱
銆銆3)聽GPS寰楀埌鐨勫綋鍓嶅畾浣嶇粨鏋滀笌涓婁竴鐐瑰緱鍒扮殑瀹氫綅緇撴灉闂寸殑璺濈闄や互鏃墮棿闂撮殧涓嶅彲鑳藉ぇ浜庢苯杞﹂檺閫?200km/h)錛屽惁鍒欒涓烘槸綺楀樊錛?br />銆銆4)聽鎶奊PS璇樊鍒嗚В涓哄鉤琛岄亾璺柟鍚戝拰鍨傜洿閬撹礬鏂瑰悜錛屽瀭鐩撮亾璺柟鍚戣宸氳繃鏁板瓧鍦板浘寰楀埌娑堥櫎錛?br />銆銆5)聽褰揋PS淇″彿涓㈠け鏃訛紝鏍規嵁姹借濺鐨勬渶榪戜綅緗侀熷害鍙婃柟鍚戯紝鎺ㄤ及姹借濺褰撳墠鐨勪綅緗佹柟鍚戙?br />銆銆鍦ㄥ煄甯傛湁浜涘湴孌電殑楂樺眰寤虹瓚銆佽礬杈規爲鏈ㄣ佺珛浜ゆˉ絳夐殰紕嶇墿鍙兘閬尅鍗槦淇″彿錛屼嬌GPS鎺ユ敹鏈轟笉鑳借窡韙埌瓚沖澶氱殑鍗槦錛岄犳垚杈冮暱涓孌墊椂闂碐PS淇″彿涓㈠け錛岄噰鐢ㄨ濺杞閫熷櫒銆佺數瀛愮綏鐩樺彲浠ュ噯紜湴榪涜杞﹁締浣嶇疆鎺ㄤ及銆?br />
5銆緋葷粺鐣岄潰聽
銆銆鏁翠釜緋葷粺鐣岄潰鍒嗘垚3涓獥鍙o紝鍏朵腑鍖呮嫭涓涓俊鎭彁紺虹獥鍙e拰涓や釜鍥懼艦紿楀彛銆備袱涓浘褰㈢獥鍙f槸鍏ㄥ眬瑙嗙獥鍜岄┚椹跺憳瑙嗙獥錛屽鍥?鎵紺恒?br />
鍥?銆杞﹁澆瀵艱埅緋葷粺鐣岄潰
Fig.1銆Interface聽of聽Mobile聽Navigating聽System
銆銆1)淇℃伅鎻愮ず紿楀彛錛氭彁紺哄綋鍓嶆苯杞﹁椹惰閬撳悕縐般佹苯杞﹀綋鍓嶄綅緗佹苯杞﹀凡琛岄┒閲岀▼鏁般佸凡琛岄┒閲岀▼鍗犲叏紼嬬殑鐧懼垎姣旂瓑淇℃伅銆?br />銆銆2)鍏ㄥ眬瑙嗙獥錛氭寜鐓ф櫘閫氭柟寮忔樉紺哄湴鍥炬暟鎹紝鏄劇ず鏈浣寵礬寰勫拰杞﹁締杞ㄨ抗錛岀敤鎴峰彲鍦ㄥ叾涓畬鎴愰夋嫨璺緞鐨勫伐浣溿?br />銆銆3)椹鵑┒鍛樿紿楋細榪欐槸涓涓棆杞獥鍙o紝紿楀彛鍐呭湴鍥懼緇堟寜鐓ч┚椹跺憳鍧愭爣緋繪樉紺哄浘褰紝鍗蟲苯杞﹁椹舵柟鍚戝緇堝悜涓娿?br />銆銆鍦ㄥ叏灞瑙嗙獥鍜岄┚椹跺憳瑙嗙獥鍐呴兘鍙疄鐜板浘褰㈢殑蹇熴佸疄鏃剁緝鏀俱佹極娓搞?br />銆銆緋葷粺鏈浣寵礬寰勯夋嫨鏈変袱縐嶆柟寮忥細鈶犵敤榧犳爣鍦ㄥ浘褰㈢獥鍙e唴閫夋嫨鍙粡鐢辯偣涓庝笉鍙粡鐢辯偣錛屾眰寰楁渶浣寵礬寰勩傗憽閫氳繃鐐圭姸鍦扮墿鍚嶇О閫夋嫨鍙粡鐢辯偣涓庝笉鍙粡鐢辯偣錛屾眰寰楁渶浣寵礬寰勩備笂榪頒袱縐嶆柟寮忎篃鍙粨鍚堣搗鏉ラ夋嫨鏈浣寵礬寰勩?br />
6銆緇撱璁?br />
銆銆緋葷粺闄や簡鍙氳繃甯歌榧犳爣閿洏杈撳叆涔嬪錛岃冭檻鍒伴┚椹跺憳椹鵑┒姹借濺鏃墮渶瑕侀泦涓簿鍔涳紝榪樺彲鐢ㄦ棤榧犳爣閿洏鐨勫0闊寵緭鍏ワ紝椹鵑┒鍛橀氳繃澹伴煶瀹屾垚緋葷粺鐨勫叏閮ㄥ熀鏈搷浣溿傚叿浣撳疄鐜版槸鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄥ晢鐢ㄨ闊寵瘑鍒蔣浠跺熀紜涓婅繘琛屼簩嬈″紑鍙戙偮?br />6.1銆鎶鏈礬綰跨殑鍙鎬?br />銆銆GPS鎺ユ敹鏈恒佹暟瀛楀湴鍥俱佺數瀛愮綏鐩樸佽濺杞閫熷櫒銆佹苯杞︺佽蔣浠剁粍鎴愮殑瀵艱埅緋葷粺鍦ㄥ煄甯傚湴鍖烘槸鍙鐨勩備互GPS鎺ユ敹鏈轟負涓伙紝鐢靛瓙緗楃洏銆佽濺杞閫熷櫒璧瘋ˉ鍏呬綔鐢紱鏁板瓧鍦板浘鎻愪緵鍩虹GIS淇℃伅錛屽茍鍙互綰犳GPS婕傜Щ璇樊銆?br />銆銆鍙﹀錛屾垚鍔熷湴寮曞叆浜嗚闊寵瘑鍒妧鏈備負姝わ紝絎旇呮妸緋葷粺鐨勫熀鏈搷浣滃綊緇撲負涓婄櫨鏉″懡浠わ紝鐢ㄦ埛鎸囦護鍦ㄤ笂鐧炬潯鍛戒護涓悳绱紝鎻愰珮浜嗚瘑鍒晥鐜囥備笉闇璁粌灝卞彲閫氳繃澹伴煶鎺у埗緋葷粺錛屽疄鐜版棤榧犳爣銆侀敭鐩樼殑浜烘満浜や簰銆?br />6.2銆鏈夊緟瑙e喅鐨勯棶棰?br />銆銆(1)涓庤礬鍐電洃嫻嬬郴緇熺殑闆嗘垚銆傚湪琛楅亾涓婅椹舵椂錛岄渶瑕佺煡閬撳綋鍓嶅悇璺浜ら氱殑鐣呴氭儏鍐碉紝浠ヤ究緇欑敤鎴風湡姝g殑鈥滄渶浣寵礬寰勨濄?br />銆銆(2)鍩虹閬撹礬鏁版嵁鐨勬洿鏂般傚煄甯傚湪涓嶆柇鍦板彂灞曞彉鍖栵紝鍩庡競璺綉涔熷湪鍙樺寲錛岀郴緇熸墍鐢ㄧ殑鏁板瓧鍦板浘闇瑕佸疄鏃舵洿鏂幫紝濡備綍瀹炴椂鏇存柊GIS鏁版嵁搴撻渶瑕佽繘涓姝ユ帰璁ㄣ?br />銆銆(3)閬撹礬緗戞暟鎹ā鍨嬬殑鏀硅繘銆傚煄甯備氦閫氳鏂戒腑瀛樺湪璁稿绔嬩氦妗ャ佸崟鍚戣濺閬擄紝濡備綍鍦ㄥ熀紜璺綉鏁版嵁涓〃杈劇珛浜ゆˉ錛岄渶瑕佽繘涓姝ユ敼榪涙暟鎹ā鍨嬶紝瀹屾暣鍦拌〃杈鵑亾璺殑鎷撴墤鍏崇郴銆?br />銆銆绔嬩氦妗ヤ笉鑳戒綔涓虹偣鏉ヨ〃紺猴紝搴斾綔涓衡滃瓙鍥鋸濇潵澶勭悊銆傚鐞嗕笉鍚屽搴︺佷笉鍚屼氦閫氭嫢鎸ょ姸鍐電殑璺錛屼竴鑸姞鏉冨鐞嗭紝濡備綍紜畾鏉冨間篃闇榪涗竴姝ユ帰璁ㄣ?br />銆銆(4)鍦ㄥ疄闄呭簲鐢ㄤ腑錛屾ā緋婃煡璇㈤潪甯擱噸瑕侊紝鍥犳闇瑕佽繘涓姝ュ寮烘ā緋婁俊鎭殑褰曞叆銆佺鐞嗘煡璇㈠姛鑳姐?br />
鍥藉鑷劧縐戝鍩洪噾閲嶇偣璧勫姪欏圭洰錛岀紪鍙?9631050銆?br />鏉庡痙浠侊紝鐢鳳紝60宀侊紝鏁欐巿錛屽崥澹敓瀵煎笀錛屼腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌闄㈠+錛屼腑鍥藉伐紼嬮櫌闄㈠+錛屾浜氱瀛﹂櫌闄㈠+銆傜幇涓昏浠庝簨浠ラ仴鎰熴佸叏鐞冨畾浣嶇郴緇熷拰鍦扮悊淇℃伅緋葷粺涓轟唬琛ㄧ殑絀洪棿淇℃伅縐戝涓庢妧鏈殑縐戠爺鍜屾暀瀛﹀伐浣溿備唬琛ㄦ垚鏋滐細楂樼簿搴︽憚褰辨祴閲忓畾浣嶇悊璁轟笌鏂規硶銆丟PS絀轟腑涓夎嫻嬮噺銆丼POT鍗槦鍍忕墖瑙f瀽澶勭悊銆佹暟
瀛﹀艦鎬佸鍙婂叾鍦ㄦ祴閲忔暟鎹簱涓殑搴旂敤銆侀潰鍚戝璞$殑GIS鐞嗚涓庢妧鏈佸獎鍍忕悊瑙e強鍍忕墖鑷姩瑙h瘧浠ュ強澶氬獟浣撻氫俊絳夈傚凡鍙戣〃璁烘枃220浣欑瘒銆?br />LI聽Deren,male,60,professor,Ph.D聽supervisor,member聽of聽the聽Chinese聽Academy聽of聽Sciences,member聽of聽the聽Chinese聽Academy聽of聽Engineering,member聽of聽the聽Euro-Asia聽International聽Academy聽of聽Sciences.He聽is聽concentrated聽on聽the聽research聽and聽education聽in聽spatial聽
information聽science聽and聽technology聽represented聽by聽remote聽sensing聽(RS),global聽positioning聽system聽(GPS)聽and聽geographic聽information聽system聽(GIS).He聽has聽made聽unique聽and聽original聽contribution聽in聽the聽areas聽of聽theories聽and聽methods聽for聽high聽precision聽
photogrammetric聽positioning,GPS聽aerotriangulation,analysis聽and聽processing聽of聽SPOT聽imagery,mathematical聽morphology聽and聽its聽application聽in聽spatial聽databases,theories聽of聽object-oriented聽GIS,image聽understanding聽and聽automatic聽photointerpretation,multi-media聽
communication聽and聽mobile聽mapping聽systems,etc.The聽research聽findings聽have聽promoted聽the聽progress聽of聽the聽technology聽directly聽and聽are聽being聽turned聽into聽products.He聽published聽papers聽are聽more聽than聽220.
E-mail:dli@wtusm.edu.cn
浣滆呭崟浣嶏細鏉庡痙浠侊紙姝︽眽嫻嬬粯縐戞妧澶у鏍¢暱鍔炲叕瀹わ紝姝︽眽甯傜彏鍠昏礬129鍙鳳紝430079錛?br />銆銆銆銆銆閮笝杞╋紙姝︽眽嫻嬬粯縐戞妧澶у嫻嬬粯閬ユ劅淇℃伅宸ョ▼鍥藉閲嶇偣瀹為獙瀹わ紝姝︽眽甯傜彏鍠昏礬129鍙鳳紝430079錛?br />銆銆銆銆銆鐜嬪瘑錛堟姹夋祴緇樼鎶澶у嫻嬬粯閬ユ劅淇℃伅宸ョ▼鍥藉閲嶇偣瀹為獙瀹わ紝姝︽眽甯傜彏鍠昏礬129鍙鳳紝430079錛?br />銆銆銆銆銆闆烽渾錛堟姹夋祴緇樼鎶澶у嫻嬬粯閬ユ劅淇℃伅宸ョ▼鍥藉閲嶇偣瀹為獙瀹わ紝姝︽眽甯傜彏鍠昏礬129鍙鳳紝430079錛?br />
鍙傘鑰冦鏂囥鐚?br />
錛?錛芥潕寰蜂粊錛岄練鍋ラ泤錛岃竟棣ヨ嫇錛岀瓑.鍦扮悊淇℃伅緋葷粺瀵艱.鍖椾含錛氭祴緇樺嚭鐗堢ぞ錛?993
錛?錛藉垬鍩轟綑錛屾潕寰佽埅錛岀帇璺冭檸錛岀瓑.鍏ㄧ悆瀹氫綅緋葷粺鍘熺悊鍙婂叾搴旂敤.鍖椾含錛氭祴緇樺嚭鐗堢ぞ錛?993
錛?錛介檲灝忔槑.聽楂樼簿搴PS鍔ㄦ佸畾浣嶇殑鐞嗚涓庡疄璺碉細錛誨浣嶈鏂囷冀.聽姝︽眽錛氭姹夋祴緇樼鎶澶у錛?997
鏀剁ǹ鏃ユ湡錛?999-11-18
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鏈枃鍥為【涓庤瘎榪頒簡涓夌淮GIS鐨勭浉鍏沖彂灞曟儏鍐碉紝鎺㈣浜嗕笁緇碐IS鐨勬湁鍏沖熀鏈棶棰橈紝濡傛暟鎹幏鍙栥佸ぇ鏁版嵁閲忓瓨璐笌澶勭悊銆佷笁緇寸┖闂村垎鏋愶紝鍚屾椂鎸囧嚭縐戝璁$畻鍙鍖栥佹暟鎹簱緋葷粺綆$悊銆佹暟瀛楀獎璞″鐞嗙瓑鎶鏈殑鎴愮啛鍜屼簩緇碐IS闀挎湡鍙戝睍鎻愪緵鐨勭悊璁哄疄璺電粡楠岀瓑涓轟笁緇碐IS鐨勫彂灞曟彁渚涗簡鑹ソ鐨勫熀紜銆傛渶鍚庝負涓夌淮GIS瀹為檯緋葷粺鐨勫紑鍙戞彁鍑轟簡鍑犱釜鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勮鐐廣?br />聽聽聽
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涓夌淮GIS 鍩烘湰闂 鏁版嵁緇撴瀯
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銆銆浜岀淮 GIS濮嬩簬浜屽崄涓栫邯鍏崄騫翠唬鐨勬満鍔╁埗鍥撅紝浠婂ぉ宸叉繁鍏ュ埌紺句細鐨勫悇琛屽悇涓氫腑錛屽鍦熷湴綆$悊銆佺數鍔涖佺數淇°佸煄甯傜緗戙佹按鍒┿佹秷闃層佷氦閫氫互鍙婂煄甯傝鍒掔瓑銆備絾浜岀淮GIS瀛樺湪鐫鑷韓闅句互鍏嬫湇鐨勭己闄愶紝鏈川涓婃槸鍩轟簬鎶借薄絎﹀彿鐨勭郴緇燂紝涓嶈兘緇欎漢浠ヨ嚜鐒剁晫鐨勬湰鍘熸劅鍙椼傞殢鐫搴旂敤鐨勬繁鍏ワ紝絎笁緇寸殑楂樼▼淇℃伅鏄懼緱瓚婃潵瓚婇噸瑕併備竴浜涗簩緇碐IS鍜屽浘璞″鐞嗙郴緇熺幇宸茶兘澶勭悊楂樼▼淇℃伅錛屼絾瀹冧滑騫舵湭灝嗛珮紼嬪彉閲忎綔涓虹嫭绔嬬殑鍙橀噺鏉ュ鐞嗭紝鍙皢鍏朵綔涓洪檮灞炵殑灞炴у彉閲忓寰咃紝鑳藉琛ㄨ揪鍑鴻〃闈㈣搗浼忕殑鍦板艦錛屼絾鍦板艦涓嬮潰鐨勪俊鎭嵈涓嶅叿鏈夛紝鍥犳瀹冧滑鍦ㄥ浗闄呭浗鍐呬篃琚織縐頒負2.5緇寸殑緋葷粺銆傝冭檻鍒?.5緇磋繖涓姒傚康騫朵笉涓ュ瘑錛屼綔鑰呯О涔嬩負鈥滃湴褰㈤潰涓夌淮鈥濇垨綆縐伴潰涓夌淮銆傛垜浠涓猴紝闈笁緇寸殑GIS鏈川涓婁粛鐒舵槸浜岀淮GIS緋葷粺銆?br />銆銆浜岀淮GIS鍙兘澶勭悊騫抽潰X銆乊杞村悜涓婄殑淇℃伅錛屼笉鑳藉鐞嗛搮鍨傛柟鍚慫杞翠笂鐨勪俊鎭傚畠鍦ㄨ〃杈句笂閫氬父鏄皢Z鍊兼姇褰卞埌浜岀淮騫抽潰涓婅繘琛屽鐞嗭紝鍥犳瀵逛簬鍚屼竴錛坸, y錛変綅緗殑澶氫釜Z鍊間笉鑳借〃杈俱?br />銆銆鍦板艦闈笁緇寸殑琛ㄨ揪灝哯鍊兼姇褰卞埌涓涓ā鍨嬩笂錛屾樉紺烘椂X銆乊銆乑涓変釜杞村潎琚樉紺猴紝鍏舵ā浠夸漢綾諱粠鏌愮偣瑙傚療鐨勮瑙夛紝浣夸笁緇村璞$湅璧鋒潵璞$湡姝g殑涓夌淮瀵硅薄涓鏍楓備絾鏄潰涓夌淮鎶鏈湁涓や釜鏄庢樉鐨勭己鐐癸細鈶犲畠琛ㄨ揪鐨勫璞″唴閮ㄦ槸絀虹殑錛屼笉鍏峰搴旀湁鐨勪俊鎭紱鈶¤櫧鐒跺畠鑳借〃鐜伴偦榪戠殑澶氫釜琛ㄩ潰錛屼絾瀵逛簬琛ㄩ潰浜ゅ弶鐨勬儏鍐碉紝鍒欓毦浠ヨ繘琛屼氦鍙夎〃杈懼拰綆$悊銆傚彧鏈夊皢榪欑被鐜拌薄緗簬鐪熸鐨勪笁緇寸┖闂翠腑鑰冭檻錛屾墠鑳界伒媧婚珮鏁堝湴澶勭悊鍚勭涓夌淮闂錛屽涓夌淮鍐呴儴灞炴у拰鎷撴墤鍏崇郴錛屼笁緇寸┖闂寸儲寮曞拰綆$悊絳夈傝繖鏄笁緇寸┖闂磋〃杈句笌浜岀淮GIS銆佸湴褰㈤潰涓夌淮琛ㄨ揪鐨勬湰璐ㄥ尯鍒箣涓銆?br />銆銆涓夌淮絀洪棿琛ㄨ揪鑰冭檻澶氫釜Z鍊肩殑鍑虹幇錛屽皢澶氫釜錛圶, Y, Z錛夎嫻嬬偣緇撴瀯鍖栦負瀹炰綋鍩燂紝榪欑澶勭悊鏄浜虹被灞呬綇絀洪棿鐨勮緝涓烘帴榪戠殑榪戣[1]銆?br />
1.涓夌淮GIS鍙戝睍璇勮堪
銆銆涓栫晫鐨勬湰鍘熸槸澶勫湪涓夌淮絀洪棿涓殑錛屼簩緇碐IS灝嗙幇瀹炰笘鐣岀畝鍖栦負騫抽潰涓婁簩緇存姇褰辯殑姒傚康妯″瀷娉ㄥ畾浜嗗畠鍦ㄦ弿榪頒笁緇寸┖闂寸幇璞′笂鐨勬棤鑳戒負鍔涳紝鍏嬫湇榪欎竴緙洪櫡榪垏闇瑕佺湡姝g殑鍩轟簬涓夌淮絀洪棿鐨凣IS鐨勯棶涓栥傚洜姝ゅ湪榪囧幓鐨勪竴孌墊椂闂撮噷錛屼漢浠緢鏃╁氨寮濮嬩簡涓夌淮GIS鐞嗚鍜屽疄闄呯郴緇熸柟闈㈢殑鎺㈢儲錛屽悓鏃墮亣鍒頒簡涓嶅皯鍥伴毦銆備笅闈㈠姝ゅ睍寮璁ㄨ銆?br />
1.1 涓夌淮GIS鐨勭爺鍙戞濊礬涓庣浉鍏寵蔣浠跺彂灞曟儏鍐?/font>
銆銆闅忕潃GIS搴旂敤鐨勬繁鍏ワ紝浜轟滑瓚婃潵瓚婂鍦拌姹備粠鐪熶笁緇寸┖闂存潵澶勭悊闂銆傚湪搴旂敤瑕佹眰杈冧負寮虹儓鐨勯儴闂ㄥ閲囩熆銆佸湴璐ㄣ佺煶娌圭瓑棰嗗煙宸茬巼鍏堝彂灞曚笓鐢ㄧ殑鍏鋒湁閮ㄥ垎鍔熻兘鐨勪笁緇碐IS錛屽鍔犳嬁澶YNX Geosystems鍏徃鐨凩YNX杞歡錛屼絾鐢變簬瀹冧滑涓鑸槸閽堝鑷繁鐨勯鍩熷紑鍙戠殑錛屾病鏈変粠鐞嗚涓婂姞浠ョ郴緇熷畬鏁寸殑鐮旂┒錛屾病鏈夐潰鍚戦氱敤騫沖彴榪涜璁捐錛屽洜姝ゅ叿鏈夎緝寮虹殑灞闄愭с傝繖鏄敱褰撴椂鐨勫簲鐢ㄨ姹傘佹暟鎹幏鍙栨墜孌靛強鐩稿叧鐨勮綆楁満鎶鏈彂灞曟潯浠跺喅瀹氱殑銆?br />銆銆鐢變簬浜岀淮GIS鏁版嵁妯″瀷涓庢暟鎹粨鏋勭悊璁哄拰鎶鏈殑鎴愮啛錛屽浘褰㈠鐞嗚銆佹暟鎹簱鐞嗚鎶鏈強鍏跺畠鐩稿叧璁$畻鏈烘妧鏈殑榪涗竴姝ュ彂灞曪紝鍔犱笂搴旂敤闇姹傜殑寮虹儓鎺ㄥ姩錛屼笁緇碐IS鐨勫ぇ鍔涚爺絀跺拰鍔犻熷彂灞曠幇宸叉垚涓哄彲鑳姐?br />銆銆(1) 涓夌淮GIS鐮斿彂鎬濊礬
銆銆褰撳墠鐮旂┒鍜屽紑鍙戜笁緇碐IS鐨勬濊礬鍙綊綰充負涓ょ錛?br />
銆銆鈼忋鐢變簬涓夌淮GIS棣栧厛瑕佸皢鍦扮悊鏁版嵁鍙樹負鍙鐨勫湴鐞嗕俊鎭紝鍥犳浜轟滑涓鏂歸潰浠庝笁緇村彲瑙嗗寲棰嗗煙鍚戜笁緇碐IS緋葷粺鎵╁睍錛岃繖涓鐐瑰悓鏃╂湡鐨勪簩緇碐IS鏉ユ簮浜庤綆楁満鍒跺浘綆$悊涓鏍鳳紝鏄粠鍙鍖栬搴﹀嚭鍙戠殑[2][3][4]銆?br />銆銆鈼忋鍙︿竴鏂歸潰錛孏IS闇瑕佸瓨鍌ㄥ拰綆$悊澶ч噺鐨勭┖闂翠俊鎭拰灞炴т俊鎭紝鍥犳鍙︿竴閮ㄥ垎浜轟粠鏁版嵁搴撶殑瑙掑害鍑哄彂鍚戜笁緇碐IS鍙戝睍錛屼粠鍟嗙敤鏁版嵁搴撳悜闈炴爣鍑嗗簲鐢ㄩ鍩熸墿灞曪紝灝嗕笁緇寸┖闂翠俊鎭殑綆$悊铻嶅叆RDBMS涓紝鎴栨槸浠庡簳灞傚紑鍙戝叏鏂扮殑闈㈠悜絀洪棿鐨凮ODBMS, 濡侴ODOT[5]錛孏eoO2[6]錛孏EO++[7]錛孲mallWorld GIS銆備竴涓柊鐨勫彂灞曟柟鍚戞槸灝嗕笁緇村彲瑙嗗寲涓庝笁緇寸┖闂村璞$鐞嗚棔鍚堣搗鏉ワ紝褰㈡垚闆嗘垚緋葷粺銆?br />銆銆錛?錛変笁緇碐IS鐩稿叧杞歡鍙戝睍姒傚喌
銆銆浣嗘槸榪勪粖涓烘錛岀洰鍓嶅浗闄呭浗鍐呰繕娌℃湁涓涓垚鐔熷畬鏁寸殑涓夌淮GIS緋葷粺錛屼笌涓夌淮GIS鐩稿叧鐨勭郴緇熷ぇ澶氶泦涓湪涓夌淮鍙鍖栨柟闈紝濡侲VS錛孷is5D錛孷oxel錛屽尰瀛﹀彲瑙嗗寲鍙婂悇縐岰AD杞歡絳夛紝涔熸湁涓浜涗笁緇寸郴緇熼儴鍒嗗疄鐜頒笁緇碐IS鐨勫姛鑳斤紝姣旇緝鏈夊悕鐨勮蔣浠舵湁錛歀YNX錛?IVM錛圛nteractive Volume Modeling錛夛紝 GOCAD錛?I/EMS錛孲GM絳塠8][9]銆?br />
1.2 涓夌淮GIS鏁版嵁妯″瀷鍜屾暟鎹粨鏋?/font>
銆銆涓婅堪杞歡鐨勫叡鍚岀己鐐規槸浠呴噸瑙嗚〃杈句笁緇村璞℃湰韜紝瀵瑰悇瀵硅薄闂村叧緋葷殑琛ㄨ揪娌℃湁瓚沖鐨勯噸瑙嗭紝鍥犳綆$悊澶ф壒閲忎笁緇寸┖闂村璞$殑鑳藉姏杈冨急錛屼篃涓嶈兘鍋氫竴浜汫IS闇瑕佺殑絀洪棿鍒嗘瀽銆侺YNX杞歡鑳藉澶勭悊鍜岃〃杈句笁緇村湴璐ㄦ暟鎹紝浣嗗畠浠笉瀹規槗鍦ㄥ叾瀹冮鍩熸帹騫夸嬌鐢紝MGE緋葷粺鏈変竴浜涚畝鍗曠殑涓夌淮妯″潡錛屼絾涔熻繙涓嶈兘婊¤凍涓夌淮GIS搴旀湁鐨勮姹傘傛昏搗鏉ヨ錛岃繖浜涜蔣浠跺湪鏋勯犮佽〃杈句笁緇村璞′笂鍏鋒湁杈冨己鐨勮兘鍔涳紝浣嗙鐞嗗拰鍒嗘瀽鑳藉姏杈冨急銆備綔鑰呰涓哄嚭鐜拌繖縐嶆儏鍐電殑涓涓富瑕佸師鍥犳槸涓夌淮絀洪棿鏁版嵁妯″瀷鐞嗚鍜屾妧鏈殑涓嶆垚鐔燂紝鍙﹀絀洪棿鏁版嵁搴撴妧鏈篃姝e浜庡彂灞曚腑錛屼笉璞DBMS閭f牱鍏鋒湁鎴愮啛鐨勭悊璁哄拰鎶鏈紝鍥犳瀵艱嚧浜嗕笁緇寸┖闂村緩妯¤兘鍔涚殑钖勫急銆備負姝わ紝璁稿瀛﹁呭拰鐮旂┒浜哄憳鍦ㄨ繖鏂歸潰浣滃嚭浜嗗緢澶氬姫鍔沎10]~[27]錛屼絾浠嶇劧娌℃湁褰㈡垚瀹屾暣鐨勪笁緇碐IS鐞嗚鍜屽紑鍙戝嚭鎴愮啛鐨勪笁緇碐IS緋葷粺銆?br />銆銆鍦ㄥ畬鏁寸殑涓夌淮GIS緋葷粺鐮旂┒鍜屽紑鍙戞柟闈紝BREUNIG鏇劇粡榪涜榪囪緝涓虹郴緇熺殑鐮旂┒涓庡疄璺礫28]銆備粬涓轟笁緇碐IS鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴涓┖闂翠俊鎭泦鎴愭ā鍨嬶紝璇ユā鍨嬩互鎵璋撶殑鎵╁睍澶嶆潅瑕佺礌錛坋-complex錛変負鍐呮牳錛岃〃杈句笁緇寸┖闂村湴瀛﹀璞$殑鍑犱綍鎬ц川錛屽害閲忓睘鎬у強瀵硅薄闂寸殑澶嶆潅鎷撴墤鍏崇郴銆備互姝や負鍩虹錛屼粬鍙堣繘涓姝ュ畾涔変簡鎷撴墤鎿嶄綔錛屽茍灝嗗悇縐峞-complex瀵硅薄铻嶅叆鍦板寤烘ā鍜岀鐞嗙殑妯″瀷妗嗘灦涓紝鏈鍚庣粰鍑轟簡涓涓湴璐ㄥ簲鐢ㄧ殑渚嬪瓙銆傝妯″瀷鏄互鐭㈤噺妯″瀷涓哄熀紜錛屽璞″強瀵硅薄闂寸殑鎷撴墤鍏崇郴琛ㄨ揪杈冧負綺劇‘錛屼絾鍚勭鎿嶄綔澶嶆潅璐規椂錛岀┖闂村垎鏋愪笉鏄撱?br />銆銆鍥藉唴鏉庢竻娉変篃鍋氳繃杈冧負緋葷粺鐨勪笁緇碐IS鐮旂┒[9]銆備粬浠ュ叓鍙夋爲鍜屼笉瑙勫垯鍥涢潰浣撲負鍩虹鎻愬嚭浜嗕笁緇碐IS鐨勬販鍚堟暟鎹ā鍨嬨備互鏍呮牸緇撴瀯鐨勫叓鍙夋爲浣滀負瀵硅薄鎻忚堪鐨勬諱綋妗嗘灦錛屾帶鍒跺璞$┖闂寸殑瀹忚鍒嗗竷錛屼互鐭㈤噺緇撴瀯鐨勪笉瑙勫垯鍥涢潰浣撴弿榪板彉鍖栧墽鐑堢殑灞閮ㄥ尯鍩燂紝杈冧負綺劇‘鍦拌〃杈劇粏紕庨儴鍒嗭紝騫跺皢榪欎袱縐嶆ā鍨嬭繘琛屾湁鏈哄湴緇撳悎銆傝繖縐嶆販鍚堟ā鍨嬫槸涓縐嶇煝閲忔爡鏍間笁緇寸粨鍚堢殑鏈夌泭灝濊瘯錛屽湪涓浜涙儏鍐典笅姣旇緝鍚堥傦紝浣嗚繕闇瑕佸叾瀹冭〃杈炬ā鍨嬬殑琛ュ厖錛屼互鎻愰珮琛ㄨ揪銆佽闂拰鎿嶄綔鐨勬晥鐜囥?br />銆銆浣滆呰涓猴紝鐢變簬鍦板瀵硅薄璧嬪瓨褰㈡佸悇寮傦紝鍗冨彉涓囧寲錛屽悇縐嶆ā鍨嬪張閮芥湁鍏朵紭緙虹偣錛屽洜姝や負涓夌淮GIS琛ㄨ揪鍜屽垎鏋愭湇鍔$殑鍚勭鏁版嵁妯″瀷鍜屾暟鎹粨鏋勮璁★紝搴斿綋閽堝涓嶅悓鐨勬暟鎹幏鍙栨柟寮忋佸湴瀛﹀璞℃湰韜殑澶ц嚧褰㈡佸拰涓昏鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ洰鐨勮璁′笉鍚岀殑鏁版嵁妯″瀷涓庣粨鏋刐29]銆備互姝ゅ皢鍚勭妯″瀷鐨勯暱澶勫厖鍒嗗彂鎸ワ紝榪涗竴姝ユ彁楂樹笁緇碐IS琛ㄨ揪鍜屽垎鏋愮殑鏁堢巼銆?br />
1.3 涓夌淮絀洪棿鍒嗘瀽
銆銆鍦ㄤ笁緇寸┖闂村垎鏋愭柟闈㈠仛寰楄緝澶氱殑鏄綆楁満鍥懼艦瀛﹂鍩熼噷鐨勫伐浣滆咃紝浣嗕粬浠殑宸ヤ綔寰寰鍋忛噸浜庡嚑浣曞浘褰笌綆楁硶鎬ц兘錛屼緥濡傝竟鐣岃拷韙嫻媅30]~[32]銆侀偦灞呭鎵綶33][34]錛屽緢灝戣冭檻涓哄湴瀛︾洰鐨勬湇鍔$殑鍒嗘瀽銆傚湴瀛﹂鍩熸浘鏈変漢鍦ㄤ笁緇村湴璐ㄨ〃闈㈡ā鎷熶腑鎻愬嚭榪囦笁緇磋竟鐣屾悳绱㈢畻娉昜35]錛屼絾鍏剁畻娉曡緝涓哄鏉傘備綔鑰呮浘鎻愬嚭榪囩粨鏋勮緝涓虹畝鍗曠殑閭誨煙瀵繪壘綆楁硶[36]錛岃兘鍦ㄧ嚎鎬у洓鍙夋爲鍜岀嚎鎬у叓鍙夋爲涓洿鎺ョ‘瀹氬崟鍏冪殑閭誨眳銆備笁緇寸┖闂村垎鏋愪腑榪樻湁寰堝鐮旂┒宸ヤ綔瑕佸仛錛屼緥濡備笁緇存嫇鎵戝叧緋葷殑鎻忚堪涓庢瀯閫狅紝涓夌淮鏌ヨ涓庣粺璁″垎鏋愮瓑錛屾湁寰呬簬榪涗竴姝ョ殑鐮旂┒銆?br />
2.涓夌淮GIS鐨勫畾涔夈佺壒鐐瑰強鍔熻兘
2.1 涓夌淮GIS鐨勫畾涔?br />銆銆
浠庝笉鍚岀殑瑙掑害鍑哄彂錛孏IS鏈変笁縐嶅畾涔夛細鈶犲熀浜庡伐鍏風鐨勫畾涔夛紝璁や負GIS鏄竴涓粠鐜板疄涓栫晫閲囬泦銆佸瓨璐佽漿鎹€佹樉紺虹┖闂存暟鎹殑宸ュ叿闆嗗悎錛涒憽鏁版嵁搴撳畾涔夛紝璁や負GIS鏄竴涓暟鎹簱緋葷粺錛屽湪鏁版嵁搴撻噷鐨勫ぇ澶氭暟鏁版嵁鑳借绱㈠紩鍜屾搷浣滐紝浠ュ洖絳斿悇縐嶅悇鏍風殑闂錛涒憿鍩轟簬緇勭粐鏈烘瀯鐨勫畾涔夛紝璁や負GIS鏄竴涓姛鑳介泦鍚堬紝鑳藉瀛樿串銆佹绱€佹搷浣滃拰鏄劇ず鍦扮悊鏁版嵁錛屾槸涓涓泦鏁版嵁搴撱佷笓瀹跺拰鎸佺畫緇忔祹鏀寔鐨勬満鏋勫洟浣撳拰緇勭粐緇撴瀯錛屾彁渚涜В鍐崇幆澧冮棶棰樼殑鍚勭鍐崇瓥鏀寔銆傚熀浜庡伐鍏風鐨勫畾涔夊己璋冨鍦扮悊鏁版嵁鐨勫悇縐嶆搷浣滐紝鍩轟簬鏁版嵁搴撶殑瀹氫箟寮鴻皟鐢ㄦ潵澶勭悊絀洪棿鏁版嵁鐨勬暟鎹粍緇囩殑宸紓錛岃屽熀浜庣粍緇囩殑瀹氫箟寮鴻皟鏈烘瀯鍜屼漢鍦ㄥ鐞嗙┖闂翠俊鎭笂鐨勪綔鐢紝鑰屼笉鏄粬浠渶瑕佺殑宸ュ叿鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ?br />銆銆TURNER璁や負鈥淕eographical Information System鈥濅富瑕佺敤鏉ュ尯鍒嗙函綺圭殑浜岀淮GIS涓庝笁緇碐IS[2]錛屼負寮鴻皟鍦ㄤ笁緇翠換鍔″鍦拌川鎴栧湴璨屽簲鐢ㄤ笂鐨勬墿灞曪紝浜轟滑鍒涢犱簡鏈鈥淕eoscientific Information System鈥?GSIS)[28]銆傚悗鏉ヨ繖涓瘝琚慨鏀逛負涓涓緝鍐欏艦寮忊淕eo-Information System鈥?GIS)[24][28]銆備負鍖哄垎涓夌淮GIS涓庣幇浠婁笘鐣屼笂姣旇緝鎴愮啛鐨勬祦琛岀殑鍚勭浜岀淮鍟嗕笟GIS錛岃繖閲屽懼悜浜嶣REUNIG鐨勮鐐筟28]錛岀敤GIS鎸囦唬鈥淕eo-Information System鈥濓紝璁や負涓夌淮GIS鏄竷婊℃暣涓笁緇寸┖闂寸殑GIS錛屼笌浼犵粺鐨勫熀浜庡鉤闈㈢殑浜岀淮GIS鎴?.5緇碐IS鏄庢樉涓嶅悓錛屽挨鍏朵綋鐜板湪絀洪棿浣嶇疆涓庢嫇鎵戝叧緋葷殑鎻忚堪鍙婄┖闂村垎鏋愮殑浼稿睍鏂瑰悜涓娿?br />銆銆涓夌淮GIS鍔犱笂鏃墮棿緇存柟闈㈢殑澶勭悊鍗充負鍥涚淮GIS銆?br />
2.2 涓夌淮GIS鐨勭壒鐐?/font>
銆銆鍦ㄤ笁緇碐IS涓紝絀洪棿鐩爣閫氳繃X銆乊銆乑涓変釜鍧愭爣杞存潵瀹氫箟錛屽畠涓庝簩緇碐IS涓畾涔夊湪浜岀淮騫抽潰涓婄殑鐩爣鍏鋒湁瀹屽叏涓嶅悓鐨勬ц川銆傚湪鐩墠浜岀淮GIS涓凡瀛樺湪鐨?錛?錛?緇寸┖闂磋绱犲繀欏昏繘琛屼笁緇存墿灞曪紝鍦ㄥ嚑浣曡〃紺轟腑澧炲姞涓夌淮淇℃伅錛屽悓鏃跺鍔犱笁緇磋绱犳潵琛ㄧず浣撶洰鏍嘯9]銆傜┖闂寸洰鏍囬氳繃涓夌淮鍧愭爣瀹氫箟浣垮緱絀洪棿鍏崇郴涔熶笉鍚屼簬浜岀淮GIS錛屽叾澶嶆潅紼嬪害鏇撮珮銆備簩緇碐IS瀵逛簬騫抽潰絀洪棿鐨勬湁闄?浜掓枼-瀹屾暣鍒掑垎鏄熀浜庨潰鐨勫垝鍒嗭紝涓夌淮GIS瀵逛簬涓夌淮絀洪棿鐨勬湁闄?浜掓枼-瀹屾暣鍒掑垎鍒欐槸鍩轟簬浣撶殑鍒掑垎錛屽洜鑰岋紝閫氳繃鍒嗘瀽鍩轟簬錛堝崟涓錛変綋鍒掑垎鐨勪笁緇寸煝閲忕粨鏋凣IS鍑犱綍鎴愬垎涔嬮棿鐨勬嫇鎵戝叧緋伙紝鏉庨潚鍏冩彁鍑轟簲緇勭畝鍖栫殑鎷撴墤鍏崇郴[37]銆備笁緇碐IS鐨勫彲瑙嗚〃鐜頒篃姣斾簩緇碐IS澶嶆潅寰楀錛屼互鑷翠簬鍑虹幇浜嗕笓闂ㄧ殑涓夌淮鍙鍖栫悊璁恒佺畻娉曞拰緋葷粺銆?br />銆銆鎬昏搗鏉ヨ錛屼笌浜岀淮GIS鐩告瘮錛屼笁緇碐IS瀵瑰瑙備笘鐣岀殑琛ㄨ揪鑳界粰浜轟互鏇寸湡瀹炵殑鎰熷彈錛屽畠浠ョ珛浣撻犲瀷鎶鏈粰鐢ㄦ埛灞曠幇鍦扮悊絀洪棿鐜拌薄錛屼笉浠呰兘澶熻〃杈劇┖闂村璞¢棿鐨勫鉤闈㈠叧緋伙紝鑰屼笖鑳芥弿榪板拰琛ㄨ揪瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鐨勫瀭鍚戝叧緋伙紱鍙﹀瀵圭┖闂村璞¤繘琛屼笁緇寸┖闂村垎鏋愬拰鎿嶄綔涔熸槸涓夌淮GIS鐗規湁鐨勫姛鑳姐傝屼笌CAD鍙婂悇縐嶇瀛﹁綆楀彲瑙嗗寲杞歡鐩告瘮錛屽畠鍏鋒湁鐙壒鐨勭鐞嗗鏉傜┖闂村璞¤兘鍔涘強絀洪棿鍒嗘瀽鐨勮兘鍔涖備笁緇寸┖闂存暟鎹簱鏄笁緇碐IS鐨勬牳蹇冿紝涓夌淮絀洪棿鍒嗘瀽鍒欐槸鍏剁嫭鏈夌殑鑳藉姏銆備笌鍔熻兘澧炲己鐩稿搴旂殑鏄紝涓夌淮GIS鐨勭悊璁虹爺絀跺拰緋葷粺寤鴻宸ヤ綔姣斾簩緇碐IS涔熸洿鍔犲鏉傘?br />
2.3 涓夌淮GIS鐨勫姛鑳?/font>
銆銆RHIND鍩轟簬浜岀淮GIS鐨勫彂灞曠姸鍐墊彁鍑轟簡涓夌淮GIS鍙兘鍖呮嫭鐨勫崄欏瑰姛鑳斤細鏁版嵁閲囬泦鍜屾楠屾湁鏁堟э紱鏁版嵁緇撴瀯鍖栧拰杞寲涓烘柊鐨勭粨鏋勶紙鍖呮嫭鍒涘緩鎷撴墤鍏崇郴鍜屼粠涓縐嶆嫇鎵戝叧緋昏漿鍖栦負鍙︿竴縐嶆嫇鎵戝叧緋伙級錛涘悇縐嶅彉鍖栵紙騫崇Щ銆佹棆杞佹瘮渚嬨佸壀鍒囷紙shear錛夛級錛涢夋嫨錛涘竷灝旀搷浣滐紙浜ゃ佸茍宸佹垨鍙婂垏鍓叉柇闈€佸紑闅ч亾錛坱unneling錛夈佸緩絳慴uilding錛夛紱璁$畻錛堜綋縐佽〃闈㈢Н銆佷腑蹇冦佽窛紱匯佹柟鍚戯級錛涘垎鏋愶紱鍙鍖栵紱緋葷粺綆$悊[23]銆侹ELK涓轟笁緇村湴瀛︽ā鎷熸彁鍑鴻繃14欏瑰姛鑳絒24]錛?錛変粠鍏跺畠緋葷粺涓紩榪涙暟鎹拰閮ㄥ垎鍒嗘瀽鍔熻兘錛?錛変繚瀛樺拰鎿嶄綔鐪熶笁緇村潗鏍囨暟鎹紱3錛夋棤鍘熷鍧愭爣淇℃伅鎹熷け鍦板彉鍖栨柟鍚戯紱4錛変繚瀛樺拰鏄劇ず鍦扮悊瀵硅薄鍐呴儴緇勫垎鐨勪俊鎭紱5錛夎兘澶熸柟渚垮湴榪涜浜や簰寮忎慨鏀癸紝鍙拡瀵瑰湴鐞嗗璞″強鍏舵暟鎹簱錛?錛夊厑璁告弧瓚充笉鍚屾暟鎹ā鍨嬭姹傜殑妯″瀷閲嶅緩錛?錛夊皢鏂眰絳夌壒寰佷綔涓轟簨浠惰冭檻錛屽厑璁稿畠浠獎鍝嶅湴瀛﹀璞★紱8錛夊鐞嗗ぇ鐨勬瘮渚嬪昂宸紓錛?錛夊鐞嗗唴閮ㄦ祦浣撹繍鍔ㄥ拰鍏跺畠鏃墮棿鏂歸潰鐨勪簨浠訛紱10錛夊拰鍏跺畠瀹氶噺鍏紡浜や簰錛?1錛夊厑璁稿眬閮ㄧ粏鑺傚拰鏇村箍鐨勮蔣涓績錛坰oft-focus錛夊浘鐗囨樉紺猴紱12錛夎瑙変笂浣跨敤鎴鋒弧鎰忥紱13錛夊垎鏋愬悇縐嶅緩妯¤秼鍔褲佹ā寮忓強涓庡叾瀹僄IS妯″潡鐨勮仈緋伙紱14錛夊湪涓昏鐨勬暟鎹簱涓瓨璐ā鍨嬪拰瀵煎嚭鎶ヨ〃銆?br />銆銆BREUNIG浠庣┖闂翠俊鎭泦鎴愮殑瑙掑害涓轟笁緇碐IS鐨勫彂灞曟彁鍑轟簡涓夐」蹇呭鐨勫姛鑳斤細1錛夊鏉傚湴瀛﹀璞$殑綆$悊鍜屽鐞嗭紱2錛夎兘澶熷鐢卞悇縐嶇┖闂村璞¤〃杈懼艦寮忚〃紺虹殑鍦板澶嶆潅瀵硅薄榪涜鏈夋晥鐨勭┖闂村瓨鍙栵紱3錛夎兘澶熷鍚勭絀洪棿瀵硅薄榪涜鏈夋晥鐨勭┖闂存搷浣淸28]銆侫LEXANDER鍜孲IGRID鍦ㄥ煄甯備笁緇碐IS鐨勮璁¤呬腑鎻愬埌浜嗕笁緇村煄甯侴IS搴旇鍏峰鐨勫彟涓ら」鍔熻兘錛?錛夊簲鑳藉彈鐩婁簬鐜頒唬鏁版嵁鑾峰彇鏂規硶鐨勮繘姝ワ紱2錛変笁緇村煄甯侴IS搴旈潰鍚戞湭鏉ョ殑鎶鏈痆38]銆備笁緇碐IS 涔熷繀欏昏В鍐充竴浜涗紶緇熼棶棰橈細涓嶇‘瀹氭э紱璇樊瀹氫綅鍜屾秷闄わ紱澶勭悊鏁版嵁妯″瀷鐨勪笉榪炵畫錛涘鐞嗘椂鎬佹暟鎹紱澶勭悊鍦ㄤ笉鍚屾暟鎹粨鏋勪腑鐨勪笉鍚岀被鍨嬪拰涓嶅悓姣斾緥灝烘暟鎹甗18]銆備綔鑰呰涓猴紝涓夌淮GIS闄や簡鍏峰浜岀淮GIS鐨勪紶緇熷姛鑳戒互澶?榪樺簲璇ュ叿鏈夊涓嬬嫭鏈夌殑鍔熻兘:
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銆銆鈼忋鍖呭涓緇淬佷簩緇村璞?br />銆銆涓夌淮GIS涓嶄粎瑕佽〃杈句笁緇村璞?鑰屼笖瑕佺爺絀朵竴緇淬佷簩緇村璞″湪涓夌淮絀洪棿涓殑琛ㄨ揪銆備笁緇寸┖闂翠腑鐨勪竴緇淬佷簩緇村璞′笌浼犵粺GIS鐨勪簩緇寸┖闂翠腑鐨勪竴緇淬佷簩緇村璞″湪琛ㄨ揪涓婃槸涓嶄竴鏍風殑銆備紶緇熺殑浜岀淮GIS灝嗕竴緇淬佷簩緇村璞″瀭鐩存姇褰卞埌浜岀淮騫抽潰涓婏紝瀛樺偍瀹冧滑鎶曞獎緇撴灉鐨勫嚑浣曞艦鎬佷笌鐩鎬簰闂寸殑浣嶇疆鍏崇郴銆傝屼笁緇碐IS灝嗕竴緇淬佷簩緇村璞$疆浜庝笁緇寸珛浣撶┖闂翠腑鑰冭檻錛屽瓨鍌ㄧ殑鏄畠浠湡瀹炵殑鍑犱綍浣嶇疆涓庣┖闂存嫇鎵戝叧緋伙紝榪欐牱琛ㄨ揪鐨勭粨鏋滃氨鑳藉尯鍒嗗嚭涓緇淬佷簩緇村璞″湪鍨傜洿鏂瑰悜涓婄殑鍙樺寲銆備簩緇碐IS涔熻兘閫氳繃闄勫姞灞炴т俊鎭瓑鏂瑰紡浣撶幇榪欑鍙樺寲錛屼絾瀛樺偍銆佺鐞嗙殑鏁堢巼灝辨樉寰楄緝浣庯紝杈撳嚭鐨勭粨鏋滀篃涓嶇洿瑙傘?br />銆銆
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銆銆鈼忋涓夌淮絀洪棿DBMS綆$悊
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銆銆鈼忎笁緇寸┖闂村垎鏋?br />銆銆鍦ㄤ簩緇碐IS涓紝絀洪棿鍒嗘瀽鏄疓IS鍖哄埆浜庝笁緇碈AD涓庣瀛﹁綆楀彲瑙嗗寲鐨勭壒鏈夊姛鑳斤紝鍦ㄤ笁緇碐IS涓篃鍚屾牱濡傛銆傜┖闂村垎鏋愪笁緇村寲錛屼篃灝辨槸鍦ㄧ洿鎺ュ湪涓夌淮絀洪棿涓繘琛岀┖闂存搷浣滀笌鍒嗘瀽錛岃繛鍚屼笂鏂囪堪鍙婄殑瀵圭┖闂村璞¤繘琛屼笁緇磋〃杈句笌綆$悊錛屼嬌寰椾笁緇碐IS鏄庢樉涓嶅悓浜庝簩緇碐IS錛屽悓鏃跺湪鍔熻兘涓婁篃鏇村姞寮哄ぇ銆?br />
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3.涓夌淮GIS鍙戝睍闈復鐨勬湁鍒╁洜绱犱笌鍥伴毦
3.1 涓夌淮GIS褰撳墠闈復鐨勬湁鍒╁洜绱?/font>
銆銆涓夌淮GIS 鐜板湪姝i潰涓寸潃鏈夊埄鐨勫彂灞曟椂鏈?榪欒〃鐜板湪濡備笅鍑犱釜鏂歸潰錛?br />
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3.2 涓夌淮GIS褰撳墠闈復鐨勫洶闅?/font>
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4.褰撳墠涓夌淮GIS鐮斿彂鐨勫嚑涓敞鎰忕偣
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A DISCUSSION ON BASIC PROBLEMS OF 3D GIS
銆銆Abstract This paper reviews 3D GIS鈥檚 characters and related software development, discusses its some basic problems such as data acquisition, 3D data storage and handling, 3D spatial snalysis, etc. and points out that on one hand currently 3D GIS鈥檚 development is restricted by inefficient 3D data model and data structure, difficulties of 3D data acquisition, large amount 3D data procession and storage, and 3D spatial analysis, on the other hand, 3D GIS can be facilitated by mature Visualization of Scientific Computation, Database, Digital Image Procession technique and 2D GIS鈥檚 theories and experience. At last, four important points about 3D GIS software development are presented in this paper: 鈶?At present 2D data model and structure is still one basis of GIS software, and 3D data structure is only one secondary part; 鈶?Boundary Representation must be used as one primary method in 3D modeling, Raster structure and integrated or hybrid Vector-raster structure can only be auxiliary method; 鈶?Some special data structure and spatial algorithm need to be researched to support efficient 3D spatial analysis; 鈶?3D city modeling is becoming one more and more important aspect of 3D GIS research and development.
銆銆Keywords 3D GIS Basic problems Data structure
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銆銆 鐢鳳紝1970騫寸敓錛?999騫存瘯涓氫簬涓闄㈠湴鐞嗘墍璧勬簮涓庣幆澧冧俊鎭郴緇熷浗瀹墮噸鐐瑰疄楠屽錛岃幏鍦板浘瀛︿笌鍦扮悊淇℃伅緋葷粺涓撲笟鍗氬+瀛︿綅錛岀幇涓轟腑縐戦櫌鍦扮悊淇℃伅浜т笟涓績鍜屼腑縐戦櫌閬ユ劅搴旂敤鐮旂┒鎵鍚堜綔鍩瑰吇鍗氬+鍚庯紝鐩墠鐨勭爺絀舵柟鍚戜負GIS鏁版嵁妯″瀷銆佷笁緇存暟鎹粨鏋勫拰GIS杞歡寮鍙戙?br />
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銆銆 鐢鳳紝1969騫寸敓錛?998騫磋幏涓浗縐戝闄㈠湴鐞嗙爺絀舵墍鐞嗗鍗氬+瀛︿綅錛?998騫?2000騫村湪涓浗縐戝闄㈤仴鎰熷簲鐢ㄧ爺絀舵墍鍗氬+鍚庢祦鍔ㄧ珯宸ヤ綔錛岀幇涓轟腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鍦扮悊縐戝涓庤祫婧愮爺絀舵墍鐭ヨ瘑鍒涙柊鍩哄湴鍓爺絀跺憳銆備富瑕佺爺絀墮鍩熶負鍦扮悊淇℃伅緋葷粺鍩虹杞歡鍙?S搴旂敤銆?br />