Husiwa — Tue, 07 Dec 2010 07:30:00 GMT

今天写一个小�E�序出现了这�U�问题：
>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(91) : warning C4005: “AF_IPX”: 宏重定义
1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(460) : 参见“AF_IPX”的前一个定�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(127) : warning C4005: “AF_MAX”: 宏重定义
1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(479) : 参见“AF_MAX”的前一个定�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(163) : warning C4005: “SO_DONTLINGER”: 宏重定义
1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(402) : 参见“SO_DONTLINGER”的前一个定�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(206) : error C2011: “sockaddr”: “struct”�c�d��重定�?br>1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(485) : 参见“sockaddr”的声�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(384) : error C2143: 语法错误 : �~�少“}”(�?#8220;帔R��”的前�?
1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(384) : error C2143: 语法错误 : �~�少“;”(�?#8220;帔R��”的前�?
1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(384) : error C2059: 语法错误 : “帔R��”
1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(437) : error C2143: 语法错误 : �~�少“;”(�?#8220;}”的前�?
1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(437) : error C4430: �~�少�c�d��说明�W?- 假定�?int。注�? C++ 不支持默�?int
1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(437) : error C4430: �~�少�c�d��说明�W?- 假定�?int。注�? C++ 不支持默�?int
1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(518) : warning C4005: “IN_CLASSA”: 宏重定义
1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(287) : 参见“IN_CLASSA”的前一个定�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(524) : warning C4005: “IN_CLASSB”: 宏重定义
1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(293) : 参见“IN_CLASSB”的前一个定�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(530) : warning C4005: “IN_CLASSC”: 宏重定义
1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(299) : 参见“IN_CLASSC”的前一个定�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(541) : warning C4005: “INADDR_ANY”: 宏重定义
1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(304) : 参见“INADDR_ANY”的前一个定�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(543) : warning C4005: “INADDR_BROADCAST”: 宏重定义
1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(306) : 参见“INADDR_BROADCAST”的前一个定�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\ws2def.h(577) : error C2011: “sockaddr_in”: “struct”�c�d��重定�?br>1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(312) : 参见“sockaddr_in”的声�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock2.h(132) : error C2011: “fd_set”: “struct”�c�d��重定�?br>1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(68) : 参见“fd_set”的声�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock2.h(167) : warning C4005: “FD_SET”: 宏重定义
1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(102) : 参见“FD_SET”的前一个定�?br>1>c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock2.h(176) : error C2011: “timeval”: “struct”�c�d��重定�?br>1>        c:\program files\microsoft sdks\windows\v6.0a\include\winsock.h(111) : 参见“timeval”的声�?br>

好久没写TCP的程序了�Q�都忘记是怎么回事了，隐约记得解决�Ҏ��很简单。搜索了一下，记录下来�Q?br>
引用链接�Q?a >http://www.cnblogs.com/tonyyang132/archive/2009/10/14/1583110.html

初看到如此一堆的错误委实不爽�Q�但是只要将二者的包含��序调换一下问题就会解冻I��原因参见下面那个链接。另外，上述问题不仅影响直接包含二者的文�g�Q�还影响间接包含的情形。比如，a.h包含了windows.h�Q�b.h包含了winsock2.h�Q�如果在c.h当中要引用a.h和b.h�Q�那么正��的��序应当是b.h先于a.h。当�Ӟ��实践当中有时很难扑ֈ��I�竟是哪两个文�g��序不对了，�l�极的解军_��法是�Q�在当前工程�Q�就是编译不�q�的�q�个工程�Q�所有include语句最前面加上#include �?include�Q�世界清静了�?br style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px">

关于WINSOCK.H与winsock2.h中的重定义解军_��法分�?/strong>

问题描述�Q�在 VC 6.0中��用socket相关的函数时没有什么问题，可是��C��.net下就有以下类似的错误�Q?
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(109): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'fd_set'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(54): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'fd_set'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(112): E2146 Need an identifier to declare
[C++ Warning] winsock2.h(144): W8017 Redefinition of 'FD_SET' is not identical
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(153): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'timeval'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(97): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'timeval'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(209): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'hostent'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(153): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'hostent'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(222): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'netent'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(166): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'netent'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(229): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'servent'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(173): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'servent'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(241): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'protoent'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(185): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'protoent'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(327): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'in_addr'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(269): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'in_addr'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(385): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'sockaddr_in'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(319): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'sockaddr_in'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(395): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'WSAData'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(329): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'WSAData'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(411): E2146 Need an identifier to declare
[C++ Warning] winsock2.h(455): W8017 Redefinition of 'SO_DONTLINGER' is not identical
[C++ Warning] winsock2.h(512): W8017 Redefinition of 'AF_IPX' is not identical
[C++ Warning] winsock2.h(540): W8017 Redefinition of 'AF_MAX' is not identical
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(546): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'sockaddr'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(492): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'sockaddr'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(586): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'sockproto'
[C++ Error] winsock.h(501): E2344 Earlier declaration of 'sockproto'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(625): E2238 Multiple declaration for 'linger'
[C++ Error] winsock2.h(625): E2228 Too many error or warning messages

Solution�Q?/font>

This problem arises because  (at least, that version of it) includes not  but ; sadly when Microsoft wrote  they chose neither to change  to include , which replaces , nor to include  from  and then add the definitions for the new Winsock 2 API methods & structures (this might seem reasonable since Winsock 2 does, strictly speaking, replace Winsock 1, but since the API must be fully backwards-compatible the distinction is somewhat meaningless and there's no real benefit to making  standalone).

The fix is thankfully simple: always "" before .

However, you must remember that if  has been included by (for example) a higher-level header file that is subsequently including your header file, it's too late - so you must make sure that the higher-level header files respect this convention also.

It is however rarely necessary to modify the header files of libraries or other code modules you are using just because you include their header files, and their header files include  - you can just include  before you include the library's header files.

在包含jrtplib有时候我也遇到这个问题，解决�Ҏ��与之相同。一句话�Q�在#include之前 #include 问题��可以解冟�?br style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px">

问题描述]
   在包含了以及的工�E�中,�~�译有时会出现如
下错�?
     error C2011: 'fd_set' : 'struct' type redefinition
     error C2011: 'timeval' : 'struct' type redefinition
                     ....
     error C2375: 'accept' : redefinition; different linkage
[原因分析]
   主要原因是因�?lt;windows.h>中包含了头文�?�׃��其版
本的不同�Q�导致出��C��q�的错误�?lt;windows.h>中相关代码如�?
               #ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
               #include
               #include
               #include
               ........
                #ifndef _MAC
               #include
               #include
               #endif
                .......
               #include
               #endif
               #endif
[解决�Ҏ��]
    �׃��上代码可以看出如果在没有定义WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN�?/font>的大�?br style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px">提下windows.h有可能包含winsock.h 头文�Ӟ��因此我们得出一个很��?br style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px">的解��x��法就是在包含之前定义WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN�?�?br style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px">下所�C?
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include

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